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Lynn H, Sun X, Casanova N, Gonzales-Garay M, Bime C, Garcia JGN. Genomic and Genetic Approaches to Deciphering Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Risk and Mortality. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1027-1052. [PMID: 31016989 PMCID: PMC6939590 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe, highly heterogeneous critical illness with staggering mortality that is influenced by environmental factors, such as mechanical ventilation, and genetic factors. Significant unmet needs in ARDS are addressing the paucity of validated predictive biomarkers for ARDS risk and susceptibility that hamper the conduct of successful clinical trials in ARDS and the complete absence of novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Recent Advances: The current ARDS definition relies on clinical characteristics that fail to capture the diversity of disease pathology, severity, and mortality risk. We undertook a comprehensive survey of the available ARDS literature to identify genes and genetic variants (candidate gene and limited genome-wide association study approaches) implicated in susceptibility to developing ARDS in hopes of uncovering novel biomarkers for ARDS risk and mortality and potentially novel therapeutic targets in ARDS. We further attempted to address the well-known health disparities that exist in susceptibility to and mortality from ARDS. Critical Issues: Bioinformatic analyses identified 201 ARDS candidate genes with pathway analysis indicating a strong predominance in key evolutionarily conserved inflammatory pathways, including reactive oxygen species, innate immunity-related inflammation, and endothelial vascular signaling pathways. Future Directions: Future studies employing a system biology approach that combines clinical characteristics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics may allow for a better definition of biologically relevant pathways and genotype-phenotype connections and result in improved strategies for the sub-phenotyping of diverse ARDS patients via molecular signatures. These efforts should facilitate the potential for successful clinical trials in ARDS and yield a better fundamental understanding of ARDS pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Lynn
- Department of Physiological Sciences and University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Christian Bime
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Visfatin and chemerin levels correspond with inflammation and might reflect the bridge between metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:551-565. [PMID: 31839772 PMCID: PMC6906965 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.79104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipokines are regulatory molecules which act as mediators of the inflammatory, fibrotic and metabolic processes by interacting with the immune system. Aim We hypothesized that chemerin and visfatin by pro-inflammatory properties play a significant role in inflammation in systemic sclerosis. To address this hypothesis, we determined serum chemerin and visfatin levels in SSc patients, compared with the control group and defined the correlations with clinical and laboratory parameters in SSc patients. Material and methods The study included 48 Caucasian female patients with SSc and 38 healthy subjects of the control group. Serum concentrations of selected adipokines were measured using commercially available ELISA Kits. Results Patients with SSc had higher chemerin levels (209.38 ±55.35 ng/ml) than the control group (182.71 ±33.94 ng/ml) and the difference was statistically significant (Z = 2.14, p = 0.032). The highest chemerin levels were found in dcSSc patients (242.46 ±95.82 ng/ml). We indicated a positive correlation of chemerin and visfatin with levels of inflammatory markers: CRP (r = 0.35, p = 0.013 for chemerin; r = 0.41, p = 0.003 for visfatin) and ESR (r = 0.31, p = 0.03 for chemerin; r = 0.30, p = 0.03 for visfatin). What is more, chemerin manifested a statistically significant positive correlation with the concentration of complement component C3 (r = 0.47, p = 0.001) and C4 (r = 0.29, p = 0.049), whereas visfatin correlated with C4 levels (r = 0.32, p = 0.029). Conclusions The results of our study indicate that chemerin and visfatin as pro-inflammatory cytokines might represent new markers corresponding with inflammation in systemic sclerosis and might reflect the bridge between metabolism, inflammation and potentially, chemerin may also link inflammation with skin and lung fibrosis.
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Lu YB, Chen CX, Huang J, Tian YX, Xie X, Yang P, Wu M, Tang C, Zhang WP. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase secreted from microglia via exosome during ischemic injury. J Neurochem 2019; 150:723-737. [PMID: 31269239 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthesis. NAMPT can also be secreted and functions as a cytokine. We have previously shown that in the brain, NAMPT expression and secretion can be induced in microglia upon neuroinflammation and injury. Yet the mechanism for NAMPT secretion remains unclear. Here we show that NAMPT can be actively secreted from microglia upon the treatment of ischemia-like injury - oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery (OGD/R). We confirmed that classical ER-Golgi pathway is not involved in NAMPT secretion. NAMPT secretion was further enhanced by ATP, and the secretion was mediated by P2X7 receptor and by intracellular Ca2+ . Importantly, we found that phospholipase D inhibitor, n-butanol, phospholipase D siRNA, and wortmannin significantly decreased OGD/R-induced and ATP-enhanced release of NAMPT in microglia. After excluding the mechanisms of involving secretory autophagy, endosomes, and secretory lysosome, we have concluded that microglial NAMPT is secreted mainly via exosome. Immune-electron microscopy identifies NAMPT in extracellular vesicles with the size and morphology characteristic of exosome. With the vesicles harvested by ultra-centrifugation, exosomal NAMPT is further confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Intriguingly, the amount of NAMPT relative to exosomal protein markers remains unchanged upon the treatment of OGD/R, suggesting a constant load of exosomal NAMPT in microglia. Taken together, we have identified NAMPT is actively secreted via exosome from microglia during neuroinflammation of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Xiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Core Medical Imaging Facility, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Naguib A, Elsawy N, Aboul-enein F, Hossam N. The relation between serum visfatin levels and cardiovascular involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Naguib
- Department of Physical, Medicine Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine Alexandria UniversityEgypt
| | - Noha Elsawy
- Department of Physical, Medicine Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine Alexandria UniversityEgypt
| | - Fatma Aboul-enein
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Egypt
| | - Nermin Hossam
- Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Egypt
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Oita RC, Camp SM, Ma W, Ceco E, Harbeck M, Singleton P, Messana J, Sun X, Wang T, Garcia JGN. Novel Mechanism for Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibition of TNF-α-mediated Apoptosis in Human Lung Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:36-44. [PMID: 29337590 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0155oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) exists as both intracellular NAMPT and extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) proteins. eNAMPT is secreted into the blood and functions as a cytokine/enzyme (cytozyme) that activates NF-κB signaling via ligation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), further serving as a biomarker for inflammatory lung disorders such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In contrast, intracellular NAMPT is involved in nicotinamide mononucleotide synthesis and has been implicated in the regulation of cellular apoptosis, although the exact mechanisms for this regulation are poorly understood. We examined the role of NAMPT in TNF-α-induced human lung endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis and demonstrated that reduced NAMPT expression (siRNA) increases EC susceptibility to TNF-α-induced apoptosis as reflected by PARP-1 cleavage and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, overexpression of NAMPT served to reduce degrees of TNF-α-induced EC apoptosis. Inhibition of nicotinamide mononucleotide synthesis by FK866 (a selective NAMPT enzymatic inhibitor) failed to alter TNF-α-induced human lung EC apoptosis, suggesting that NAMPT-dependent NAD+ generation is unlikely to be involved in regulation of TNF-α-induced EC apoptosis. We next confirmed that TNF-α-induced EC apoptosis is attributable to NAMPT secretion into the EC culture media and subsequent eNAMPT ligation of TLR4 on the EC membrane surface. Silencing of NAMPT expression, direct neutralization of secreted eNAMPT by an NAMPT-specific polyclonal antibody (preventing TLR4 ligation), or direct TLR4 antagonism all served to significantly increase EC susceptibility to TNF-α-induced EC apoptosis. Together, these studies provide novel insights into NAMPT contributions to lung inflammatory events and to novel mechanisms of EC apoptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu C Oita
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara M Camp
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wenli Ma
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ermelinda Ceco
- 2 Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Mark Harbeck
- 2 Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | - Joe Messana
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Essential Role of Visfatin in Lipopolysaccharide and Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071678. [PMID: 30987270 PMCID: PMC6480124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by acute and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Visfatin, which is known as an obesity-related cytokine with pro-inflammatory activities, plays a role in regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The mechanisms of ALI remain unclear in critically ill patients. Survival in ALI patients appear to be influenced by the stress generated by mechanical ventilation and by ALI-associated factors that initiate the inflammatory response. The objective for this study was to understand the mechanisms of how visfatin regulates inflammatory cytokines and promotes ALI. The expression of visfatin was evaluated in ALI patients and mouse sepsis models. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms were investigated using human bronchial epithelial cell lines, BEAS-2B and NL-20. An increase of serum visfatin was discovered in ALI patients compared to normal controls. Results from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry staining also showed that visfatin protein was upregulated in mouse sepsis models. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced visfatin expression, activated the STAT3/NFκB pathway, and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL1-β, IL-6, and TNF-α in human bronchial epithelial cell lines NL-20 and BEAS-2B. Co-treatment of visfatin inhibitor FK866 reversed the activation of the STAT3/NFκB pathway and the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Our study provides new evidence for the involvement of visfatin and down-stream events in acute lung injury. Further studies are required to confirm whether the anti-visfatin approaches can improve ALI patient survival by alleviating the pro-inflammatory process.
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Karampela I, Christodoulatos GS, Kandri E, Antonakos G, Vogiatzakis E, Dimopoulos G, Armaganidis A, Dalamaga M. Circulating eNampt and resistin as a proinflammatory duet predicting independently mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: A prospective observational study. Cytokine 2019; 119:62-70. [PMID: 30884428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocytokines eNampt and resistin are involved in the regulation of inflammation exerting pro-inflammatory actions. Our aim was to jointly investigate whether circulating eNampt and resistin, and their kinetics predict 28-day mortality of sepsis. METHODS In a prospective study, serum eNampt and resistin were determined in 102 critically ill patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of SEPSIS-3, at enrollment and one week after, and in 102 healthy controls matched on age, gender and month of diagnosis. RESULTS Serum eNampt and resistin were significantly higher in septic patients than controls (p < 0.001), and higher in septic shock compared to sepsis (p < 0.001). Both eNampt and resistin decreased significantly during the first week of sepsis (p < 0.001). However, patients with septic shock presented a sustained elevation of eNampt and resistin compared to patients with sepsis. Both adipocytokines were positively correlated with sepsis severity scores and lactate. Baseline eNampt was a better discriminator of sepsis and septic shock compared to C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Serum eNampt and resistin were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors during the first week of sepsis. Prolonged and sustained elevation of both eNampt and resistin, as reflected by a lower percentage change from their baseline values, was independently associated with 28-day mortality (HR: 0.05, 95% C.I. 0.01-0.28, p = 0.001; HR: 0.19, 95% C.I. 0.07-0.50, p = 0.001, respectively), after adjustment for significant clinical and laboratory biomarkers. CONCLUSION Circulating eNampt and resistin, and their kinetics may represent useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in critically ill septic patients. More prospective studies are needed to elucidate their ontological and pathophysiological role in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece; Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Kandri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Antonakos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | | | - George Dimopoulos
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | - Apostolos Armaganidis
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity on Tracheal Responsiveness to Methacholine, Tracheal Visfatin Level, and Lung Histological Changes in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Female Wistar Rats. Inflammation 2018; 41:846-858. [PMID: 29380115 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown a close relationship between obesity and asthma severity. In the present study, the effects of diet-induced obesity were examined on airway responsiveness to methacholine in addition to visfatin level in female Wistar rats' tracheae after sensitization with ovalbumin. The rats were divided into four groups: control with normal diet (ND), ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized with normal diet (S + ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and OVA-sensitized with a high-fat diet (S + HFD). The animals were fed for 8 weeks with standard pelts or high-fat diet and then sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline for another 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the tracheae were isolated and assessed for airway responsiveness and visfatin protein levels. Diet-induced obesity groups developed increased weight and obesity indices (p < 0.001). After sensitization with OVA and diet-induced obesity, there were marked leftward shifts in methacholine concentration-response curves in S + HFD group compared to other groups. Also, maximum response was the highest (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), EC50 was the lowest (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), and visfatin protein level was the highest (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) in S + HFD. According to results, diet-induced obesity caused airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and enhanced visfatin protein levels in the tracheae of ovalbumin-sensitized female rats. Our results suggested that, in obese ovalbumin-sensitized conditions in female rats, the local production of adipocytokines, such as visfatin, may be increased, resulting in the deterioration of inflammation in lungs. This finding shows a possible mechanism for the altered phenotype in obesity-ovalbumin sensitization conditions in female rats.
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Zhang LJ, Li XQ, Wang CD, Zhuang L, Gong Q, Li SJ, Liu X, Dong H, Wang XC. The Correlation of Visfatin and Its Gene Polymorphism with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:460-465. [PMID: 30256660 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the protein expression of visfatin and its gene polymorphism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: The plasma level of visfatin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the genotypes rs59744560, rs9770242, and rs61330082 in the visfatin gene were detected by gene sequencing. Result: This study revealed that plasma levels of visfatin in NSCLC patients were significantly higher than the levels in healthy people (p < 0.01). The high level of plasma visfatin was found to be significantly correlated with TNM stage (p < 0.05). No mutations were detected in rs59744560 and rs9770242 loci. Three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) were detected in rs61330082 locus, and the differences in the frequency distribution of these genotypes were significant in the two groups (p < 0.05). Central obesity and the CC genotype were independent risk factors in the pathogenesis of NSCLC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The plasma visfatin level in NSCLC patients significantly increased, and high plasma visfatin levels were correlated with tumor stage. Gene polymorphism was found in the visfatin gene rs61330082 locus. The CC genotype might increase the risk for patients suffering from NSCLC, while the CT genotype, TT genotype, and T allele may reduce the risk of NSCLC. The rs61330082 locus can be used as genetic markers of high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Qin Li
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Cun-De Wang
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Juan Li
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Tumor Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xi-Cai Wang
- Department of Tumor Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
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Ochman M, Stanjek-Cichoracka A, Latos M, Wojarski J, Kukla M, Woźniak-Grygiel E, Maruszewski M, Karolak W, Przybyłowski P, Żegleń S. Serum Adipokine Levels in Patients Considered for Lung Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2039-2043. [PMID: 30177105 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate serum concentration of visfatin, irisin, and omentin in patients diagnosed as having end-stage lung diseases who qualified for lung transplantation (LTx) and to find the relationship between adipokine levels and clinical status. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population consisted of 23 consecutive patients (10 patients diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis, 6 patients diagnosed as having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 7 patients diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) who qualified for LTx. Patients performed pulmonary function tests; visfatin, irisin, and omentin serum levels were assessed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Mean visfatin serum level was 4.99 ± 3.83 pg/mL; mean irisin serum level was 2.82 ± 0.24 ng/mL; mean omentin serum level was 389.99 ± 320.85 ng/mL. Mean distance in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was 310.62 ± 147.09 m. Average partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) was 55.79 ± 10.33 mm Hg, forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was 26.25 ± 22.38%, and forced vital capacity (FVC) was 56.95 ± 21.91% of a due value. There was no statistically significant correlation between adipokine levels and 6MWT, pO2, FEV1, and FVC in patients waiting for LTx, regardless of underlying lung disease. Significant difference between patients was noted only in 6MWT, FEV1, and pO2 in connection to lung disease. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that adipokines may not have a statistically significant effect on parameters of pulmonary function. Results require further investigation on a larger study group, especially comparison of adipokine serum levels between groups of overweight patients, obese patients, and patients with normal weight who qualify for LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ochman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland; Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - A Stanjek-Cichoracka
- Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland; Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Latos
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - J Wojarski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Kukla
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - E Woźniak-Grygiel
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Maruszewski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - W Karolak
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - P Przybyłowski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - S Żegleń
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland; Department of Epidemiology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
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Visfatin Serum Levels Predict Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:7315356. [PMID: 30224938 PMCID: PMC6129328 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7315356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The adipokine visfatin, also termed pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), is mainly derived from adipose tissue but has been implicated in the regulation of innate immune responses. We hypothesized that visfatin could be a potential circulating biomarker in critical illness and sepsis. We therefore measured serum levels of visfatin in a cohort of 229 critically ill medical patients upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In comparison to 53 healthy controls, visfatin levels were significantly elevated in medical ICU patients, especially in patients with sepsis. Visfatin serum concentrations were strongly associated with disease severity and organ failure but did not differ between patients with or without obesity or type 2 diabetes. Visfatin levels correlated with biomarkers of renal failure, liver dysfunction, and other adipokines (e.g., resistin, leptin, and adiponectin) in critically ill patients. High visfatin levels at ICU admission indicated an increased mortality, both at the ICU and during long-term follow-up of approximately two years. Our data therefore demonstrate that circulating visfatin is a valuable biomarker for risk and prognosis assessment in critically ill patients. Furthermore, visfatin seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of excessive systemic inflammation, supporting further research on visfatin as a therapeutic target.
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Bi G, Wu L, Huang P, Islam S, Heruth DP, Zhang LQ, Li DY, Sampath V, Huang W, Simon BA, Easley RB, Ye SQ. Up-regulation of SFTPB expression and attenuation of acute lung injury by pulmonary epithelial cell-specific NAMPT knockdown. FASEB J 2018; 32:3583-3596. [PMID: 29452569 PMCID: PMC5998971 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701059r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although a deficiency of surfactant protein B (SFTPB) has been associated with lung injury, SFTPB expression has not yet been linked with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a potential biomarker of acute lung injury (ALI). The effects of Nampt in the pulmonary epithelial cell on both SFTPB expression and lung inflammation were investigated in a LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Pulmonary epithelial cell-specific knockdown of Nampt gene expression, achieved by the crossing of Nampt gene exon 2 floxed mice with mice expressing epithelial-specific transgene Cre or by the use of epithelial-specific expression of anti-Nampt antibody cDNA, significantly attenuated LPS-induced ALI. Knockdown of Nampt expression was accompanied by lower levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophil infiltrates, total protein and TNF-α levels, as well as lower lung injury scores. Notably, Nampt knockdown was also associated with significantly increased BAL SFTPB levels relative to the wild-type control mice. Down-regulation of NAMPT increased the expression of SFTPB and rescued TNF-α-induced inhibition of SFTPB, whereas overexpression of NAMPT inhibited SFTPB expression in both H441 and A549 cells. Inhibition of NAMPT up-regulated SFTPB expression by enhancing histone acetylation to increase its transcription. Additional data indicated that these effects were mainly mediated by NAMPT nonenzymatic function via the JNK pathway. This study shows that pulmonary epithelial cell-specific knockdown of NAMPT expression attenuated ALI, in part, via up-regulation of SFTPB expression. Thus, epithelial cell-specific knockdown of Nampt may be a potential new and viable therapeutic modality to ALI.-Bi, G., Wu, L., Huang, P., Islam, S., Heruth, D. P., Zhang, L. Q., Li, D.-Y., Sampath, V., Huang, W., Simon, B. A., Easley, R. B., Ye, S. Q. Up-regulation of SFTPB expression and attenuation of acute lung injury by pulmonary epithelial cell-specific NAMPT knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Shamima Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel P. Heruth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Li Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ding-You Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Weimin Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brett A. Simon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Josie Robertson Surgery Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Blaine Easley
- Department of Pediatrics-Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Mercy, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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63
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Bime C, Pouladi N, Sammani S, Batai K, Casanova N, Zhou T, Kempf CL, Sun X, Camp SM, Wang T, Kittles RA, Lussier YA, Jones TK, Reilly JP, Meyer NJ, Christie JD, Karnes JH, Gonzalez-Garay M, Christiani DC, Yates CR, Wurfel MM, Meduri GU, Garcia JGN. Genome-Wide Association Study in African Americans with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Identifies the Selectin P Ligand Gene as a Risk Factor. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:1421-1432. [PMID: 29425463 PMCID: PMC6005557 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-0961oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Genetic factors are involved in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) susceptibility. Identification of novel candidate genes associated with increased risk and severity will improve our understanding of ARDS pathophysiology and enhance efforts to develop novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVES To identify genetic susceptibility targets for ARDS. METHODS A genome-wide association study was performed on 232 African American patients with ARDS and 162 at-risk control subjects. The Identify Candidate Causal SNPs and Pathways platform was used to infer the association of known gene sets with the top prioritized intragenic SNPs. Preclinical validation of SELPLG (selectin P ligand gene) was performed using mouse models of LPS- and ventilator-induced lung injury. Exonic variation within SELPLG distinguishing patients with ARDS from sepsis control subjects was confirmed in an independent cohort. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pathway prioritization analysis identified a nonsynonymous coding SNP (rs2228315) within SELPLG, encoding P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, to be associated with increased susceptibility. In an independent cohort, two exonic SELPLG SNPs were significantly associated with ARDS susceptibility. Additional support for SELPLG as an ARDS candidate gene was derived from preclinical ARDS models where SELPLG gene expression in lung tissues was significantly increased in both ventilator-induced (twofold increase) and LPS-induced (5.7-fold increase) murine lung injury models compared with controls. Furthermore, Selplg-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory lung injury compared with wild-type C57/B6 mice. Finally, an antibody that neutralizes P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 significantly attenuated LPS-induced lung inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify SELPLG as a novel ARDS susceptibility gene among individuals of European and African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nima Pouladi
- Department of Medicine
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yves A. Lussier
- Department of Medicine
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics
| | - Tiffanie K. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John P. Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nuala J. Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason D. Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason H. Karnes
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mark M. Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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64
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Zhang LQ, Nsumu M, Huang P, Heruth DP, Riordan SM, Shortt K, Zhang N, Grigoryev DN, Li DY, Friesen CA, Van Haandel L, Leeder JS, Olson J, Ye SQ. Novel Protective Role of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase in Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1640-1652. [PMID: 29684358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver injury (ALI) or acute liver failure in the United States. Its pathogenetic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Additional studies are warranted to identify new genetic risk factors for more mechanistic insights and new therapeutic target discoveries. The objective of this study was to explore the role and mechanisms of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in acetaminophen-induced ALI. C57BL/6 Nampt gene wild-type (Nampt+/+), heterozygous knockout (Nampt+/-), and overexpression (NamptOE) mice were treated with overdose of acetaminophen, followed by histologic, biochemical, and transcriptomic evaluation of liver injury. The mechanism of Nampt in acetaminophen-induced hepatocytic toxicity was also explored in cultured primary hepatocytes. Three lines of evidence have convergently demonstrated that acetaminophen overdose triggers the most severe oxidative stress and necrosis, and the highest expression of key necrosis driving genes in Nampt+/- mice, whereas the effects in NamptOE mice were least severe relative to Nampt+/+ mice. Treatment of P7C3-A20, a small chemical molecule up-regulator of Nampt, ameliorated acetaminophen-induced mouse ALI over the reagent control. These findings support the fact that NAMPT protects against acetaminophen-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Q Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Marianne Nsumu
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Peixin Huang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sean M Riordan
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Katherine Shortt
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Nini Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Dmitry N Grigoryev
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ding-You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Craig A Friesen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Leon Van Haandel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jody Olson
- The University of Kansas Liver Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shui Q Ye
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri.
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65
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Hill JH, Solt C, Foster MT. Obesity associated disease risk: the role of inherent differences and location of adipose depots. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 33:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0012/hmbci-2018-0012.xml. [PMID: 29547393 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic co-morbidities are a worldwide public health problem. Negative health outcomes associated with obesity, however, do not arise from excessive adiposity alone. Rather, deleterious outcomes of adipose tissue accumulation are a result of how adipocytes are distributed to individual regions in the body. Due to our increased understanding of the dynamic relationship that exists between specific adipose depots and disease risk, an accurate characterization of total body adiposity as well as location is required to properly evaluate a population's disease risk. Specifically, distinctive tissue depots within the body include the lower body, upper body and abdominal (deep and superficial) subcutaneous regions, as well as visceral (mesenteric and omental) regions. Upper body and visceral adipose tissues are highly associated with metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease development, whereas lower body gluteofemoral subcutaneous adipose tissue imparts protection against diet-induced metabolic derangement. Each adipose depot functions distinctly as an endocrine organ hence it has a different level of impact on health outcomes. Effluent from adipose tissue can modulate the functions of other tissues, whilst receiving differential communication from the rest of the body via central nervous system innervation, metabolites and other signaling molecules. More so, adipose depots contain a diverse reservoir of tissue-resident immune cells that play an integral part in both maintaining tissue homeostasis, as well as propagating metabolically-induced inflammation. Overall, the conceptualization of obesity and associated risks needs updating to reflect the complexities of obesity. We review adipose tissue characteristics that are linked to deleterious or beneficial adipose tissue distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Solt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, Phone: +(970) 491-6189, Fax: +(970) 491-3875
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66
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Ochman M, Maruszewski M, Wojarski J, Żegleń S, Karolak W, Stanjek-Cichoracka A, Przybyłowski P, Zembala M, Kukla M. Serum Levels of Visfatin, Omentin and Irisin in Patients with End-Stage Lung Disease Before and After Lung Transplantation. Ann Transplant 2017; 22:761-768. [PMID: 29277835 PMCID: PMC6248051 DOI: 10.12659/aot.904994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of visfatin, irisin, and omentin in patients with end-stage lung diseases (ESLD) before and after lung transplantation (LTx) and to find relationship between adipokines levels and clinical outcomes. Material/Methods Fourteen consecutive lung transplant recipients (six males and seven females; age 32.0±14.2 years; body mass index (BMI) 21.8±5.3 kg/m2) who underwent lung transplantation with initial diagnosis of respiratory failure due to cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were included. Visfatin, irisin, and omentin serum levels were assayed using commercially available ELISA kits at four time points: the day of LTx (day 0), 72 hours (day 3), one month (day 30) and three months (day 90) after LTx. Results Omentin serum concentration decreased significantly within three days after LTx (350.5±302.0 to 200.0±0.90 ng/mL; p<0.05), while visfatin serum levels decreased later, 30 days after Ltx (4.81±3.78 to 0.78±0.35 [0.4–1.1] pg/mL; p<0.05). Downregulated serum levels of both adipokines remained stable for the next two months (256.0 [201.7–642.9] ng/mL and 0.77±0.76 pg/mL, respectively; p<0.05). Serum levels of irisin were unchanged before and after Ltx. Immunosuppressive regimen did not affect serum levels of the analyzed adipokines. Conclusions The study showed for the first time serum omentin and visfatin levels to be decreased after LTx in ESLD patients. Successful LTx contributes to the improvement of impaired lung function parameters and attenuation of ongoing inflammatory process, resulting in altered visfatin and omentin serum levels. Additional influence of immunosuppressive treatment on omentin and visfatin serum concentration cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ochman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.,Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Maruszewski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jacek Wojarski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Żegleń
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Wojtek Karolak
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anita Stanjek-Cichoracka
- Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland.,Immunology and Transplant Laboratory, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Przybyłowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marian Zembala
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that plays a critical role in immunity and metabolism by virtue of a large number of hormones and cytokines, collectively termed adipokines. Dysregulation of adipokines has been linked to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, but some questions have arisen concerning the value of adipokines in critical illness setting. The objective of this review was to evaluate the associations between blood adipokines and critical illness outcomes. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through July 2016 without language restriction. Studies reporting the associations of adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and/or visfatin with critical illness outcomes mortality, organ dysfunction, and/or inflammation were included. RESULTS A total of 38 articles were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the study. Significant alterations of circulating adipokines have been reported in critically ill patients, some of which were indicative of patient outcomes. The associations of leptin and adiponectin with critical illness outcomes were not conclusive in that blood levels of both adipokines did not always correlate with the illness severity scores or risks of organ failure and mortality. By contrast, studies consistently reported striking increase of blood resistin and visfatin, independently of the critical illness etiology. More interestingly, increased levels of these adipokines were systematically associated with severe inflammation, and high incidence of organ failure and mortality. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence to indicate that increased levels of blood resistin and visfatin are associated with poor outcomes of critically ill patients, including higher inflammation, and greater risk of organ dysfunction and mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic review, level III.
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68
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Yan N, Yang W, Dong X, Fang Q, Gong Y, Zhou JL, Xu JJ. Promotion of anoxia-reoxygenation-induced inflammation and permeability enhancement by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-activated MAPK signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4595-4601. [PMID: 29104667 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) promoted inflammation and permeability of vascular endothelial cells following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was activated and contributed to these cell responses. However, the mechanism by which NAMPT regulates cellular inflammation and permeability remains unknown, and whether NAMPT regulates MAPK signaling during this process is also not clear. The present study established an anoxia-reoxygenation (A-R) model using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and investigated the regulation of MAPK signaling by NAMPT by using small RNA transfection, ELISA and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that A-R significantly induced the expression levels of NAMPT and cellular permeability-associated proteins, and the release of several inflammatory factors. Furthermore, calcium and MAPK signaling were evidently increased. When the A-R cells were transfected with NAMPT small interfering RNA, the expression of cellular permeability-associated proteins was downregulated, the release of inflammatory factors was decreased, and calcium and MAPK signaling was blocked. These data suggest that NAMPT may activate MAPK signaling to promote A-R-induced inflammation and permeability enhancement of HUVECs. Therefore, the current study indicates that NAMPT may be a potential drug target for A-R-induced endothelial cell injury subsequent to CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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69
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He JY, Cui HJ, Tang LJ, Chen J, Huang WM. Inhibition of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor attenuates inflammation induced by hyperoxia in EA.hy926 cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:859-866. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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70
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Ling M, Huang P, Islam S, Heruth DP, Li X, Zhang LQ, Li DY, Hu Z, Ye SQ. Epigenetic regulation of Runx2 transcription and osteoblast differentiation by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:27. [PMID: 28546856 PMCID: PMC5442704 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone degenerative disorders like osteoporosis may be initiated by age-related shifts in anabolic and catabolic responses that control bone homeostasis. Although there are studies suggesting that metabolic changes occur with stem cell differentiation, the molecular mechanisms governing energy metabolism and epigenetic modification are not understood fully. Here we reported the key role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD biosynthesis from nicotinamide, in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. RESULTS Differentiated bone marrow stromal cells isolated from Nampt+/- mice presented with diminished osteogenesis, as evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity and osteoblast-mediated mineralization, compared to cells from Nampt+/+ mice. Similar results were observed in differentiated Nampt-deficient C3H/10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Further studies showed that Nampt promotes osteoblast differentiation through increased function and expression of Runx2 as tested by luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR, and Western Blotting. Our data also demonstrated that Nampt regulates Runx2 transcription in part through epigenetic modification of H3-Lys9 acetylation. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that Nampt plays a critical role in osteoblast differentiation through epigenetic augmentation of Runx2 transcription. NAMPT may be a potential therapeutic target of aging-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ling
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA.,Spinal Surgery Division, The People's Hospital of Liuzhou, Guilin Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou, 545006 Guangxi Province China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Shamima Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Xuanan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Li Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Ding-You Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Zhaohui Hu
- Spinal Surgery Division, The People's Hospital of Liuzhou, Guilin Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou, 545006 Guangxi Province China
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, 2401 Gillham Road, PRC/4th FL, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
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Wu GC, Liao WI, Wu SY, Pao HP, Tang SE, Li MH, Huang KL, Chu SJ. Targeting of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase enzymatic activity ameliorates lung damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Respir Res 2017; 18:71. [PMID: 28438162 PMCID: PMC5404693 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence reveals that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has a significant role in the pathophysiology of the inflammatory process. NAMPT inhibition has a beneficial effect in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, it remains unclear whether NAMPT inhibition has an impact on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute lung injury. In this study, we examined whether NAMPT inhibition provided protection against I/R lung injury in rats. Methods Isolated perfused rat lungs were subjected to 40 min of ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The rats were randomly allotted to the control, control + FK866 (NAMPT inhibitor, 10 mg/kg), I/R, or I/R + FK866 groups (n = 6 per group). The effects of FK866 on human alveolar epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) were also investigated. Results Treatment with FK866 significantly attenuated the increases in lung edema, pulmonary arterial pressure, lung injury scores, and TNF-α, CINC-1, and IL-6 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the I/R group. Malondialdehyde levels, carbonyl contents and MPO-positive cells in lung tissue were also significantly reduced by FK866. Additionally, FK866 mitigated I/R-stimulated degradation of IκB-α, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, Akt phosphorylation, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, and downregulated MKP-1 activity in the injured lung tissue. Furthermore, FK866 increased Bcl-2 and decreased caspase-3 activity in the I/R rat lungs. Comparably, the in vitro experiments showed that FK866 also inhibited IL-8 production and NF-κB activation in human alveolar epithelial cells exposed to H/R. Conclusions Our findings suggest that NAMPT inhibition may be a novel therapeutic approach for I/R-induced lung injury. The protective effects involve the suppression of multiple signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Chin Wu
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- The Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Pao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- The Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan.
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72
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Metabolic and molecular insights into an essential role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2705. [PMID: 28333140 PMCID: PMC5386535 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome, aging, cancer, coronary heart diseases, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAMPT in these physiological and pathological processes are not fully understood. Here, we provide experimental evidence that a Nampt gene homozygous knockout (Nampt−/−) resulted in lethality at an early stage of mouse embryonic development and death within 5–10 days in adult mice accompanied by a 25.24±2.22% body weight loss, after the tamoxifen induction of NamptF/F × Cre mice. These results substantiate that Nampt is an essential gene for life. In Nampt−/− mice versusNampt+/+ mice, biochemical assays indicated that liver and intestinal tissue NAD levels were decreased significantly; histological examination showed that mouse intestinal villi were atrophic and disrupted, and visceral fat was depleted; mass spectrometry detected unusual higher serum polyunsaturated fatty acid containing triglycerides. RNA-seq analyses of both mouse and human pediatric liver transcriptomes have convergently revealed that NAMPT is involved in key basic cellular functions such as transcription, translation, cell signaling, and fundamental metabolism. Notably, the expression of all eight enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were decreased significantly in the Nampt−/− mice. These findings prompt us to posit that adult Nampt−/− mouse lethality is a result of a short supply of ATP from compromised intestinal absorption of nutrients from digested food, which leads to the exhaustion of body fat stores.
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73
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Huang P, Lee MW, Sadrerafi K, Heruth DP, Zhang LQ, Maulik D, Ye SQ. MC-PPEA as a new and more potent inhibitor of CLP-induced sepsis and pulmonary inflammation than FK866. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:629-641. [PMID: 28424540 PMCID: PMC5344436 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s125349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that overexpression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) aggravated acute lung injury, while knockdown of NAMPT expression attenuated ventilator-induced lung injury. Recently, we found that meta-carborane-butyl-3-(3-pyridinyl)-2E-propenamide (MC-PPEA, MC4), in which the benzoylpiperidine moiety of FK866 has been replaced by a carborane, displayed a 100-fold increase in NAMPT inhibition over FK866. Here, we determined the effects of MC4 and FK866 on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery-induced sepsis in C57BL/6J mice. MC4 showed stronger inhibitory effects than FK866 on CLP-induced mortality, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels, pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, alveolar injury, and interleukin 6 and interleukin1β messenger RNA levels. In vitro cell permeability and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing assays demonstrated that MC4 inhibited TNFα- and thrombin-mediated pulmonary endothelial cell permeability better than FK866. MC4 also exerted more potent effects than FK866, at concentrations as low as 0.3 nM, to attenuate TNFα-mediated intracellular cytokine expression, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its reduced form NADH levels, and nuclear factor kappa B p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in A549 cells. Our results strongly suggest that the newly developed MC4 is a more potent suppressor of CLP-induced pulmonary inflammation and sepsis than FK866, with potential clinical application as a new treatment agent for sepsis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City
| | - Mark W Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | - Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City
| | - Li Q Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City
| | - Dev Maulik
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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74
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Holopainen S, Hytönen MK, Syrjä P, Arumilli M, Järvinen AK, Rajamäki M, Lohi H. ANLN truncation causes a familial fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in Dalmatian dogs. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006625. [PMID: 28222102 PMCID: PMC5340406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of death in critical care medicine. The syndrome is typified by an exaggerated inflammatory response within the lungs. ARDS has been reported in many species, including dogs. We have previously reported a fatal familial juvenile respiratory disease accompanied by occasional unilateral renal aplasia and hydrocephalus, in Dalmatian dogs. The condition with a suggested recessive mode of inheritance resembles acute exacerbation of usual interstitial pneumonia in man. We combined SNP-based homozygosity mapping of two ARDS-affected Dalmatian dogs and whole genome sequencing of one affected dog to identify a case-specific homozygous nonsense variant, c.31C>T; p.R11* in the ANLN gene. Subsequent analysis of the variant in a total cohort of 188 Dalmatians, including seven cases, indicated complete segregation of the variant with the disease and confirmed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Low carrier frequency of 1.7% was observed in a population cohort. The early nonsense variant results in a nearly complete truncation of the ANLN protein and immunohistochemical analysis of the affected lung tissue demonstrated the lack of the membranous and cytoplasmic staining of ANLN protein in the metaplastic bronchial epithelium. The ANLN gene encodes an anillin actin binding protein with a suggested regulatory role in the integrity of intercellular junctions. Our study suggests that defective ANLN results in abnormal cellular organization of the bronchiolar epithelium, which in turn predisposes to acute respiratory distress. ANLN has been previously linked to a dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in human without pulmonary defects. However, the lack of similar renal manifestations in the affected Dalmatians suggest a novel ANLN-related pulmonary function and disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saila Holopainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla Syrjä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Järvinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Rajamäki
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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Elangovan VR, Camp SM, Kelly GT, Desai AA, Adyshev D, Sun X, Black SM, Wang T, Garcia JGN. Endotoxin- and mechanical stress-induced epigenetic changes in the regulation of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase promoter. Pulm Circ 2017; 6:539-544. [PMID: 28090296 DOI: 10.1086/688761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation, a lifesaving intervention for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), also unfortunately contributes to excessive mechanical stress and impaired lung physiological and structural integrity. We have elsewhere established the pivotal role of increased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) transcription and secretion as well as its direct binding to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the progression of this devastating syndrome; however, regulation of this critical gene in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is not well characterized. On the basis of an emerging role for epigenetics in enrichment of VILI and CpG sites within the NAMPT promoter and 5'UTR, we hypothesized that NAMPT expression and downstream transcriptional events are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Concomitantly, excessive mechanical stress of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment led to both reduced DNA methylation levels in the NAMPT promoter and increased gene transcription. Histone deacetylase inhibition by trichostatin A or Sirt-1-silencing RNA attenuates LPS-induced NAMPT expression. Furthermore, recombinant NAMPT administration induced TLR4-dependent global H3K9 hypoacetylation. These studies suggest a complex epigenetic regulatory network of NAMPT in VILI and ARDS and open novel strategies for combating VILI and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Ramamoorthi Elangovan
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Djanybek Adyshev
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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76
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Aslani MR, Keyhanmanesh R, Alipour MR. Increased Visfatin Expression Is Associated with Nuclear Factor-κB in Obese Ovalbumin-Sensitized Male Wistar Rat Tracheae. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:351-358. [PMID: 28420006 PMCID: PMC5768130 DOI: 10.1159/000475772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of diet-induced obesity on the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and visfatin messenger RNA in male Wistar rats' tracheae after sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 5 for each group), which included a control group fed a normal diet (ND) and groups fed normal diet, OVA-sensitized (S+ND); high-fat diet (HFD) only (diet-induced obesity); and high-fat diet, OVA-sensitized (S+HFD). All animals were fed for 8 weeks with standard chow or a high-fat diet, and then were sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline for another 4 weeks as per the above groups. The rats were anesthetized, after which the necks were exposed and the tracheae isolated and examined for expression levels of NF-κB and visfatin mRNA with the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Data were compared between the different groups using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The expression level of NF-κB mRNA in the S+HFD group was 2.67, which was statistically higher than the levels in the ND (0.96; p = 0.001), S+ND (1.86; p = 0.05), and HFD (1.26; p = 0.001) groups. Also, the visfatin mRNA expression level in the S+HFD group was 4.21, which was higher than the levels in the ND (0.92), S+ND (1.79), and HFD (2.20) (p = 0.001) groups. CONCLUSION In this study, the expression levels of NF-κB and visfatin were markedly higher in the S+HFD group in comparison to the other groups. These findings indicate that alternative signaling pathways might be activated in diet-induced obesity associated with the OVA-sensitized animal model and could be responsible for possible altered sensitization phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Ardabil Imam Khomeini Educational and Clinical Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Mohammad Reza Alipour, PhD, Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz (Iran), E-Mail or
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77
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Türer ÇC, Balli U, Güven B, Çetinkaya BÖ, Keleş GÇ. Visfatin levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum before and after non-surgical treatment for periodontal diseases. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:491-499. [PMID: 28025432 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate visfatin levels at different stages of periodontal disease and in healthy tissues. In addition, the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on visfatin levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum was investigated. Forty-five patients were divided into three groups based on clinical and radiographical findings. Group 1 comprised periodontally healthy individuals (n = 15); group 2 comprised patients with gingivitis (n = 15); and group 3 was composed of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (n = 15). Gingival crevicular fluid and serum samples were collected before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Visfatin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Gingival crevicular fluid and serum visfatin levels were higher in patients with chronic periodontitis than those with gingivitis or healthy controls (P < 0.016). In addition, visfatin levels were higher in the gingivitis group than in healthy controls (P < 0.016). Non-surgical periodontal treatment resulted in a significant reduction in gingival crevicular fluid and serum visfatin levels. Furthermore, visfatin levels increased with inflammation and decreased following periodontal treatment. Our findings suggest that visfatin is an inflammatory biomarker of periodontal disease.(J Oral Sci 58, 491-499, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Coşkun Türer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University
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Wang T, Gross C, Desai AA, Zemskov E, Wu X, Garcia AN, Jacobson JR, Yuan JXJ, Garcia JGN, Black SM. Endothelial cell signaling and ventilator-induced lung injury: molecular mechanisms, genomic analyses, and therapeutic targets. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L452-L476. [PMID: 27979857 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00231.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention in critically ill patients with respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Paradoxically, mechanical ventilation also creates excessive mechanical stress that directly augments lung injury, a syndrome known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The pathobiology of VILI and ARDS shares many inflammatory features including increases in lung vascular permeability due to loss of endothelial cell barrier integrity resulting in alveolar flooding. While there have been advances in the understanding of certain elements of VILI and ARDS pathobiology, such as defining the importance of lung inflammatory leukocyte infiltration and highly induced cytokine expression, a deep understanding of the initiating and regulatory pathways involved in these inflammatory responses remains poorly understood. Prevailing evidence indicates that loss of endothelial barrier function plays a primary role in the development of VILI and ARDS. Thus this review will focus on the latest knowledge related to 1) the key role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of VILI; 2) the transcription factors that relay the effects of excessive mechanical stress in the endothelium; 3) the mechanical stress-induced posttranslational modifications that influence key signaling pathways involved in VILI responses in the endothelium; 4) the genetic and epigenetic regulation of key target genes in the endothelium that are involved in VILI responses; and 5) the need for novel therapeutic strategies for VILI that can preserve endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christine Gross
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Alexander N Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona;
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Ooi DSQ, Ong SG, Heng CK, Loke KY, Lee YS. In-vitro function of upstream visfatin polymorphisms that are associated with adverse cardiometabolic parameters in obese children. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:974. [PMID: 27887573 PMCID: PMC5124300 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visfatin is an adipokine associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. We previously reported two visfatin upstream single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), c.-3187G > A (rs11977021) and c.-1537C > T (rs61330082), which were in perfect linkage disequilibrium, in a Singaporean cohort of severely obese children and are associated with visfatin level and adverse cardiometabolic parameters. We aim to functionally characterize the effect of c.-3187G > A and c.-1537C > T SNPs on basal transcriptional activity. METHODS A 1.6 kb and 3.7 kb upstream promoter region of the visfatin gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and separately cloned into luciferase reporter vectors. Successful clones were transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) and human breast carcinoma (MCF7) cells and in-vitro dual-luciferase assay was performed. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was also conducted to examine the binding affinity between transcription factors and visfatin promoter sequences. RESULTS Variant promoter with only c.-1537C > T SNP did not show a change in transcriptional activity as compared to the wild type. However, variant promoter with both c.-3187G > A and c.-1537C > T SNPs showed a statistically significant increase of 1.41 fold (p < 0.01) in transcriptional activity. The longer 3.7kbp visfatin promoter sequence was also shown to have significantly higher transcriptional activity (p < 0.05) as compared to the shorter 1.6kbp visfatin promoter. Both c.-3187G > A and c.-1537C > T variants showed an increased binding with nuclear protein. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time that visfatin variant promoter with both c.-3187G > A and c.-1537C > T SNPs result in an increase in transcriptional activity. This supports our previous finding and postulation that these SNPs contribute to elevated visfatin levels which may mediate higher triglyceride levels, severe systolic blood pressure and severe hypertension in obese children. These SNPs may co-operatively affect enhancer or silencer function to regulate transcriptional activity. In conclusion, this study shows that upstream visfatin SNPs could potentially affect phenotypic outcome in obese children through alteration of circulating visfatin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siong Gim Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chew Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kah Yin Loke
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUHS tower block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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Wu Z, Sun Y, Huang Y, Zhu S, Feng Y, Ye H, Liu C, Tang S. Genetic variant in visfatin gene promoter contributes to reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Oncotarget 2016; 7:77968-77977. [PMID: 27792999 PMCID: PMC5363636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the role of gene variants in the visfatin promoter region in the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases is limited. In this study, we genotyped two potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the visfatin promoter region, -1535C>T (rs61330082) and -3187G>A (rs11977021), in 120 HBV-related chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 140 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) patients, 243 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) patients, and 224 asymptomatic HBV carriers. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression. The results showed subjects with a TT genotype of -1535C>T had a significantly decreased risk of HBV-HCC related to the CC and CC + CT genotypes (adjusted OR = 0.493, 95% CI = 0.313-0.778; OR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.362-0.791, respectively). A lowered risk also appeared in the comparison between allele T and allele C (OR = 0.734, 95%, CI = 0.581-0.950). However, these associations existed only in people with Zhuang ethnicity, but not in people with Han ethnicity. There were no significant associations between -3187G>A polymorphisms and the risk of HBV-related liver diseases. Our results suggested that visfatin -1535C>T polymorphisms might be associated with decreased risk of HBV-HCC among the ethnic Zhuang population in Guangxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiyong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengbo Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Huifen Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shifu Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Kendal-Wright CE. Stretching, Mechanotransduction, and Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Fetal Membranes. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:35-41. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719107310763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Kendal-Wright
- Developmental and Reproduction Biology, John A. Burns
School of Medicine, and the Pacific Biomedical Research Center, Honolulu,
Hawaii,
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82
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Metabolic control of immune tolerance in health and autoimmunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:491-504. [PMID: 27720234 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The filed that links immunity and metabolism is rapidly expanding. The adipose tissue, by secreting a series of immune regulators called adipokines, represents the common mediator linking metabolic processes and immune system functions. The dysregulation of adipokine secretion, occurring in obese individuals or in conditions of malnutrition or dietary restriction, affects the activity of immune cells resulting in inflammatory autoimmune responses or increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Alterations of cell metabolism that characterize several autoimmune diseases strongly support the idea that the immune tolerance is also regulated by metabolic pathways. The comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control immune cell differentiation and function in conditions of autoimmunity.
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83
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Kim HS, Kang JH, Jeung EB, Yang MP. Serum Concentrations of Leptin and Adiponectin in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1589-1600. [PMID: 27573621 PMCID: PMC5032864 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concentrations of circulating adipokines in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) have not been investigated in detail. Objectives To determine whether serum concentrations of adipokines differ between healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD and whether circulating concentrations depend on the severity of heart failure resulting from MMVD. Animals In the preliminary study, 30 healthy dogs and 17 client‐owned dogs with MMVD, and in the subsequent study, 30 healthy dogs and 46 client‐owned dogs with MMVD. Methods Prospective case‐controlled observational study. In the preliminary study, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐18, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured. In the subsequent study, MMVD dogs were divided into three groups according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification, and serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured. Results In the preliminary study, serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations differed significantly between dogs with MMVD and healthy dogs. Serum leptin (P = .0013) concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with MMVD than in healthy dogs, whereas adiponectin (P = .0009) concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with MMVD. However, we observed no significant differences in the other variables. In the subsequent study, dogs classified as ISACHC class 3 had higher serum concentrations of leptin (P = .0022) than healthy dogs but ISACHC class 1 or 2 dogs did not. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in ISACHC class 1 (P < .0001) dogs than in healthy dogs, whereas adiponectin concentrations in ISACHC class 3 dogs were significantly higher than in ISACHC class 1 dogs (P = .0081). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Circulating concentrations of leptin and adiponectin might be altered in dogs with MMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chunghuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - J-H Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chunghuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - E-B Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chunghuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - M-P Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chunghuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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Mishra V, Shettar L, Bajaj M, Math AS, Thakur SL. Interlinking Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Assessment of Crevicular Visfatin Levels in Health and in Disease Before and After Initial Periodontal Therapy. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC67-71. [PMID: 27656567 PMCID: PMC5028447 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18656.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visfatin is a new adipocytokine associated with both chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus independently. AIM We aimed to estimate and compare the changes in the levels of visfatin in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) of healthy subjects and in subjects with periodontitis with or without controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) after administration of non-surgical periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty two subjects were equally divided into Group 1 (healthy), Group 2 (systemically healthy with chronic periodontitis), Group 3 (subjects with chronic periodontitis having controlled T2DM). Defined clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and at one month follow-up period. Visfatin was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. One way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for correlation. RESULTS Significant increase in the visfatin levels was seen with the highest values observed in diabetes with periodontal disease. Visfatin responded to non-surgical periodontal therapy as observed by significant decrease in levels after one month but even at this period diabetics showed the highest levels. CONCLUSION Visfatin levels are highest in individuals with both periodontal disease and diabetes even after periodontal therapy. Individuals with T2DM may be at higher risk of developing periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandita Mishra
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Leena Shettar
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Bajaj
- Student, Department of Periodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Savir Math
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinath L. Thakur
- Principal and Professor, Department of Periodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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85
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Chen H, Wang S, Zhang H, Nice EC, Huang C. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) in carcinogenesis: new clinical opportunities. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:827-38. [PMID: 27186719 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1190649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage pathway. Aberrant NAD metabolism was associated with oncogenic signal transduction, suggesting the critical roles of Nampt in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Additionally, Nampt can be secreted out of the cell, and this extracellular form of Nampt (eNampt) was shown to induce inflammation and angiogenesis due to its cytokine activity, which may also be involved in carcinogenesis. AREAS COVERED This article reviews recent advances in the studies of Nampt in carcinogenesis, with a special highlight on Nampt inhibitors and future clinical application, including cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Expert commentary: Nampt not only maintains the balance of cellular metabolism, but also has a profound influence on multiple aspects of carcinogenesis. Therefore, elucidation of these mechanisms opens the door for future clinical applications targeting this protein. Additional studies are needed to address important questions including the relationship between extracellular Nampt and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- c State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu , China
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86
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Rosti V, Campanelli R, Massa M, Viarengo G, Villani L, Poletto V, Bonetti E, Catarsi P, Magrini U, Grolla AA, Travelli C, Genazzani AA, Barosi G. Increased plasma nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is associated with a hyperproliferative phenotype and restrains disease progression in MPN-associated myelofibrosis. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:709-13. [PMID: 27074203 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-associated myelofibrosis is a clonal, neoplastic disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells, in which inflammation and immune dysregulation play an important role. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), also known as visfatin, is a cytokine implicated in a number of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Here plasma levels of eNAMPT in patients with MPN-associated myelofibrosis and their effects on disease phenotype and outcomes were examined. The concordance of eNAMPT levels with the marker of general inflammation high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was also studied. A total of 333 MPN-associated myelofibrosis patients (187 males and 146 females) and 31 age- and gender-matched normal-weight healthy subjects were enrolled in the study main body. Levels of eNAMPT and hs-CRP were simultaneously assayed in 209 MPN-associated myelofibrosis patients. Twenty-four polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia patients were used as controls. eNAMPT was over expressed in MPN-associated myelofibrosis, and eNAMPT expression was correlated with higher white blood cell count, higher hemoglobin, and higher platelet count, suggesting that eNAMPT is an indispensable permissive agent for myeloproliferation of MPN-associated myelofibrosis. The lack of correlation between eNAMPT and hs-CRP revealed that eNAMPT in MPN-associated myelofibrosis does not behave as a canonical inflammatory cytokine. In addition, higher levels of eNAMPT predicted longer time to blast transformation, and protected against progression toward thrombocytopenia and large splenomegaly. In conclusion, in MPN-associated myelofibrosis high levels of eNAMPT mark the myeloproliferative potential and, at variance with a high number of cancers, are protective against disease progression. Am. J. Hematol. 91:709-713, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Rita Campanelli
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Margherita Massa
- Biotechnology Research Area; IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Gianluca Viarengo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service; IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia Italy
| | - Laura Villani
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Valentina Poletto
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Elisa Bonetti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Paolo Catarsi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Umberto Magrini
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Ambra A. Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università Del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università Del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università Del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
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87
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Chen X, Zhao S, Song Y, Shi Y, Leak RK, Cao G. The Role of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase in Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 15:2211-21. [PMID: 26059356 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150610142234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only drug approved for the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there is an urgent unmet need for novel stroke treatments. Endogenous defense mechanisms against stroke may hold the key to new therapies for stroke. A large number of studies suggest that nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT is an attractive candidate to improve post-stroke recovery. NAMPT is a multifunctional protein and plays important roles in immunity, metabolism, aging, inflammation, and stress responses. NAMPT exists in both the intracellular and extracellular space. As a rate-limiting enzyme, the intracellular form (iNAMPT catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD from nicotinamide. iNAMPT closely regulates energy metabolism, enhancing the proliferation of endothelial cells, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating vascular tone, and stimulating autophagy in disease conditions such as stroke. Extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT is also known as visfatin (visceral fat-derived adipokine and has pleotropic effects. It is widely believed that the diverse biological functions of eNAMPT are attributed to its NAMPT enzymatic activity. However, the effects of eNAMPT on ischemic injury are still controversial. Some authors have argued that eNAMPT exacerbates ischemic neuronal injury non-enzymatically by triggering the release of TNF-α from glial cells. In addition, NAMPT also participates in several pathophysiological processes such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease. Thus, it remains unclear under what conditions NAMPT is beneficial or destructive. Recent work using in vitro and in vivo genetic/ pharmacologic manipulations, including our own studies, has greatly improved our understanding of NAMPT. This review focuses on the multifaceted and complex roles of NAMPT under both normal and ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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88
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Marseglia L, D'Angelo G, Manti M, Aversa S, Fiamingo C, Arrigo T, Barberi I, Mamì C, Gitto E. Visfatin: New marker of oxidative stress in preterm newborns. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:23-9. [PMID: 26525831 PMCID: PMC5806730 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015607952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is involved in several neonatal conditions characterized by an upregulation in the production of oxidative or nitrative free radicals and a concomitant decrease in the availability of antioxidant species. Oxygen, which is obviously vital to survival, can be highly damaging to neonatal tissue which is known to be poorly equipped to neutralize toxic derivatives. Thus, exposure of the newborn infant to high oxygen concentrations during resuscitation at birth increases oxidative damage. Visfatin is an adipocytokine involved in oxidative stress and an important mediator of inflammation that induces dose-dependent production of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge, the diagnostic value of visfatin as a marker of oxidative stress in preterm newborns has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate visfatin levels in preterm neonates resuscitated with different concentrations of oxygen in the delivery room. PATIENTS Fifty-two preterm newborns with gestational age less than 32 weeks, resuscitated randomly with different oxygen concentrations (40%, 60%, or 100%) were enrolled at the University Hospital of Messina, over a 12-month period to evaluate serum visfatin levels at T0 (within 1 h after birth), T24 h, T72 h, and T168 h of life. RESULTS At T72 h and T168 h, higher serum visfatin values in the high-oxygen group compared to the low- and mild-oxygen subjects (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively) were noted. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that visfatin could be a new marker of oxidative stress in preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Marseglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Angelo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Aversa
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiamingo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Arrigo
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barberi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Mamì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
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89
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Huang P, Riordan SM, Heruth DP, Grigoryev DN, Zhang LQ, Ye SQ. A critical role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in human telomerase reverse transcriptase induction by resveratrol in aortic smooth muscle cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10812-24. [PMID: 25926556 PMCID: PMC4484421 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and contributes to a considerably more severe outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, is a caloric restriction mimetic with potential anti-aging properties which has emerged as a beneficial nutraceutical for patients with cardiovascular disease. Although resveratrol is widely consumed as a nutritional supplement, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated fully. Here, we report that resveratrol activates human nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), SIRT4 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Similar observations were obtained in resveratrol treated C57BL/6J mouse heart and liver tissues. Resverotrol can also augment telomerase activity in both human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and A549 cells. Blocking NAMPT and SIRT4 expression prevents induction of hTERT in human aortic smooth muscle cells while overexpression of NAMPT elevates the telomerase activity induced by resveratrol in A549 cells. Together, these results identify a NAMPT-SIRT4-hTERT axis as a novel mechanism by which resveratrol may affect the anti-aging process in human aortic smooth muscle cells, mouse hearts and other cells. These findings enrich our understanding of the positive effects of resveratrol in human cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sean M Riordan
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Dmitry N Grigoryev
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Studies and Personalized Medicine, "Northern" BioPharm Cluster at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Li Qin Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
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90
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Pavlová T, Novák J, Bienertová-Vašků J. The role of visfatin (PBEF/Nampt) in pregnancy complications. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 112:102-10. [PMID: 26451650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin (PBEF/Nampt) is an adipocytokine that exerts pleiotropic effects within the human body, particularly affecting its metabolism and immunity. Visfatin was originally identified as being secreted by peripheral blood lymphocytes acting as a pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF). However, it was subsequently reported to be expressed in almost every tissue of the human body, with visceral fat deposits being the main source of visfatin. In addition to its secreted form, visfatin may also be found intracellularly where it functions as a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). Visfatin maternal plasma concentrations increase during pregnancy, suggesting its important role in this complicated process. Alterations in visfatin level also take place in patients during pregnancy complications. This review focuses on the ones that most commonly occur in connection with visfatin: preterm labor, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. The review aims to provide a better understanding of the role of visfatin during pregnancy and the causes of its alteration in maternal plasma, highlighting the potential use of visfatin as a diagnostic marker of pregnancy complications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Pavlová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A18, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A18, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A18, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, Brno 65653, Czech Republic.
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91
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Association of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Gene Polymorphisms and of Serum NAMPT Levels with Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Chinese Population. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22299-318. [PMID: 26389889 PMCID: PMC4613309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has crucial roles for myocardial development, cardiomyocyte energy metabolism and cell death/survival by regulating NAD+-dependent sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) deacetylase. This study aimed to determine if the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NAMPT gene may affect the susceptibility and prognosis for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to describe the association of serum NAMPT levels with clinical features of DCM. Three SNPs (rs61330082, rs2505568, and rs9034) were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in a case-control study of 394 DCM patients and 395 controls from China. Serum NAMPT levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The homozygote for the minor allele at rs2505568 and rs9034 could not be detected in this study. Rs9034 T allele and CT genotype were associated with increased DCM risk (OR: 1.63, 95% CI = 1.16–2.27, p = 0.005 and OR: 1.72, 95% CI = 1.20–2.50, p = 0.0027, respectively). Nominally significant decreased DCM risk was found to be associated with the A allele and AT genotype of rs2505568 (OR: 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35–0.67, p < 0.0001 and OR: 0.44, 95% CI = 0.31–0.62, p < 0.0001, respectively), but it should be interpreted with caution because of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in the control group. Of five haplotypes constructed, TAC (rs61330082-rs2505568-rs9034) was a protective haplotype to DCM (OR: 0.22, 95% CI = 0.13–0.39, p = 1.84 × 10−8). The Cox multivariate survival analysis indicated that the rs9034 CT genotype (hazard ratio (HR): 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37–0.96, p = 0.03) was an independently multivariate predictor for longer overall survival in DCM patients. Serum NAMPT levels were significantly higher in the DCM group than controls (p < 0.0001) and gradually increased with the increase of New York Heart Association grade in DCM patients. However, there was a lack of association of the three SNPs with serum NAMPT levels. Spearman correlation test revealed that the NAMPT level was positively associated with brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.56, p = 0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (r = 0.293, p = 0.011) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r = 0.294, p = 0.011). Our study suggested that NAMPT may play an important role in the development of DCM.
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92
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Unique Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation by NAMPT/PBEF Induces NFκB Signaling and Inflammatory Lung Injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13135. [PMID: 26272519 PMCID: PMC4536637 DOI: 10.1038/srep13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced inflammatory lung injury (VILI) is mechanistically linked to increased NAMPT transcription and circulating levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT/PBEF). Although VILI severity is attenuated by reduced NAMPT/PBEF bioavailability, the precise contribution of NAMPT/PBEF and excessive mechanical stress to VILI pathobiology is unknown. We now report that NAMPT/PBEF induces lung NFκB transcriptional activities and inflammatory injury via direct ligation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Computational analysis demonstrated that NAMPT/PBEF and MD-2, a TLR4-binding protein essential for LPS-induced TLR4 activation, share ~30% sequence identity and exhibit striking structural similarity in loop regions critical for MD-2-TLR4 binding. Unlike MD-2, whose TLR4 binding alone is insufficient to initiate TLR4 signaling, NAMPT/PBEF alone produces robust TLR4 activation, likely via a protruding region of NAMPT/PBEF (S402-N412) with structural similarity to LPS. The identification of this unique mode of TLR4 activation by NAMPT/PBEF advances the understanding of innate immunity responses as well as the untoward events associated with mechanical stress-induced lung inflammation.
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93
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Ming GF, Ma XH, Xu DM, Liu ZY, Ai YH, Liu HX, Shi ZH. PBEF promotes the apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and regulates the expression of inflammatory factors and AQP1 through the MAPK pathways. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:890-6. [PMID: 26178576 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) has been shown to have a variety of biological functions. Studies have proven that PBEF plays a functional role in acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to confirm the importance of PBEF in ALI. The effects of PBEF overexpression on the apoptosis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the results indicated that PBEF promoted the apoptosis of HPMECs, which aggravated the development of ALI. Comparative experiments involving increasing and decreasing PBEF expression demonstrated that PBEF promoted the expression of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and IL‑8 in the HPMECs , thus intensifying the inflammatory response. PBEF also inhibited the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), which caused a dysfunction and imbalance in water transport. Moreover, we also found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α promoted the expression of PBEF in the HPMECs. After blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, we found that PBEF regulated the expression of inflammatory factors and AQP1, mainly through the MAPK pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the increase in intracellular PBEF expression promoted the apoptosis of HPMECs and the expression of inflammatory factors and thus enhanced the inflammatory response and inhibited the expression of AQP1, which resulted in abnormal water transport, diminishing the regulatory effects of AQP1 on water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Feng Ming
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Miao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Xia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zan-Hua Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Comorbidities and assessment of severity of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16:S41-50. [PMID: 26035363 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of patient-specific and disease-related characteristics on the severity of illness and on outcome in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with the intent of guiding current medical practice and identifying important areas for future research. DESIGN Electronic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were conducted. References were reviewed for relevance and features included in the following section. SETTINGS Not applicable. SUBJECTS PICU patients with evidence of acute lung injury, acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The comorbidities associated with outcome in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome can be divided into 1) patient-specific factors and 2) factors inherent to the disease process. The primary comorbidity associated with poor outcome is preexisting congenital or acquired immunodeficiency. Severity of disease is often described by factors identifiable at admission to the ICU. Many measures that are predictive are influenced by the underlying disease process itself, but may also be influenced by nutritional status, chronic comorbidities, or underlying genetic predisposition. Of the measures available at the bedside, both PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygenation index are fairly consistent and robust predictors of disease severity and outcomes. Multiple organ system dysfunction is the single most important independent clinical risk factor for mortality in children at the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of oxygenation and ventilation indices simultaneously with genetic and biomarker measurements holds the most promise for improved risk stratification for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome patients in the very near future. The next phases of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome pathophysiology and outcomes research will be enhanced if 1) age group differences are examined, 2) standardized datasets with adequately explicit definitions are used, 3) data are obtained at standardized times after pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, and 4) nonpulmonary organ failure scores are created and implemented.
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Abstract
The unique characteristics of pulmonary circulation and alveolar-epithelial capillary-endothelial barrier allow for maintenance of the air-filled, fluid-free status of the alveoli essential for facilitating gas exchange, maintaining alveolar stability, and defending the lung against inhaled pathogens. The hallmark of pathophysiology in acute respiratory distress syndrome is the loss of the alveolar capillary permeability barrier and the presence of protein-rich edema fluid in the alveoli. This alteration in permeability and accumulation of fluid in the alveoli accompanies damage to the lung epithelium and vascular endothelium along with dysregulated inflammation and inappropriate activity of leukocytes and platelets. In addition, there is uncontrolled activation of coagulation along with suppression of fibrinolysis and loss of surfactant. These pathophysiological changes result in the clinical manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which include hypoxemia, radiographic opacities, decreased functional residual capacity, increased physiologic deadspace, and decreased lung compliance. Resolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome involves the migration of cells to the site of injury and re-establishment of the epithelium and endothelium with or without the development of fibrosis. Most of the data related to acute respiratory distress syndrome, however, originate from studies in adults or in mature animals with very few studies performed in children or juvenile animals. The lack of studies in children is particularly problematic because the lungs and immune system are still developing during childhood and consequently the pathophysiology of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome may differ in significant ways from that seen in acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. This article describes what is known of the pathophysiologic processes of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome as we know it today while also presenting the much greater body of evidence on these processes as elucidated by adult and animal studies. It is also our expressed intent to generate enthusiasm for larger and more in-depth investigations of the mechanisms of disease and repair specific to children in the years to come.
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96
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Jones HD, Yoo J, Crother TR, Kyme P, Ben-Shlomo A, Khalafi R, Tseng CW, Parks WC, Arditi M, Liu GY, Shimada K. Nicotinamide exacerbates hypoxemia in ventilator-induced lung injury independent of neutrophil infiltration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123460. [PMID: 25875775 PMCID: PMC4395431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ventilator-induced lung injury is a form of acute lung injury that develops in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation and has a high degree of mortality. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that is highly upregulated in ventilator-induced lung injury and exacerbates the injury when given exogenously. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) directly inhibits downstream pathways activated by Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and is protective in other models of acute lung injury. Methods We administered nicotinamide i.p. to mice undergoing mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes to study the effects of nicotinamide on ventilator-induced lung injury. Measures of injury included oxygen saturations and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil counts, protein, and cytokine levels. We also measured expression of nicotinamide phosophoribosyltransferase, and its downstream effectors Sirt1 and Cebpa, Cebpb, Cebpe. We assessed the effect of nicotinamide on the production of nitric oxide during ventilator-induced lung injury. We also studied the effects of ventilator-induced lung injury in mice deficient in C/EBPε. Results Nicotinamide treatment significantly inhibited neutrophil infiltration into the lungs during ventilator-induced lung injury, but did not affect protein leakage or cytokine production. Surprisingly, mice treated with nicotinamide developed significantly worse hypoxemia during mechanical ventilation. This effect was not linked to increases in nitric oxide production or alterations in expression of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, Sirt1, or Cebpa and Cebpb. Cebpe mRNA levels were decreased with either nicotinamide treatment or mechanical ventilation, but mice lacking C/EBPε developed the same degree of hypoxemia and ventilator-induced lung injury as wild-type mice. Conclusions Nicotinamide treatment during VILI inhibits neutrophil infiltration of the lungs consistent with a strong anti-inflammatory effect, but paradoxically also leads to the development of significant hypoxemia. These findings suggest that pulmonary neutrophilia is not linked to hypoxemia in ventilator-induced lung injury, and that nicotinamide exacerbates hypoxemia during VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeena Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Pierre Kyme
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Anat Ben-Shlomo
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ramtin Khalafi
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ching W. Tseng
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - William C. Parks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - George Y. Liu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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97
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Kaja S, Shah AA, Haji SA, Patel KB, Naumchuk Y, Zabaneh A, Gerdes BC, Kunjukunju N, Sabates NR, Cassell MA, Lord RK, Pikey KP, Poulose A, Koulen P. Nampt/PBEF/visfatin serum levels: a new biomarker for retinal blood vessel occlusions. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:611-8. [PMID: 25897200 PMCID: PMC4396426 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s80784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to quantify serum levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt/pre-B-Cell colony-enhancing factor 1/visfatin) in subjects with a history of retinal vascular occlusions (RVOs), disease conditions characterized by pronounced ischemia, and metabolic energy deficits. A case-control study of 18 subjects with a history of RVO as well as six healthy volunteers is presented. Serum Nampt levels were quantified using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Serum Nampt levels were 79% lower in patients with a history of RVO compared with that in healthy volunteers (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among the types of RVOs, specifically branch retinal vein occlusions (n=7), central retinal vein occlusions (n=5), hemiretinal vein occlusions (n=3), and central retinal artery occlusions (n=3; P=0.69). Further studies are needed to establish the temporal kinetics of Nampt expression and to determine whether Nampt may represent a novel biomarker to identify at-risk populations, or whether it is a druggable target with the potential to ameliorate the long-term complications associated with the condition, ie, macular edema, macular ischemia, neovascularization, and permanent loss of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kaja
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Anna A Shah
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shamim A Haji
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Krishna B Patel
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yuliya Naumchuk
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Alexander Zabaneh
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bryan C Gerdes
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Nancy Kunjukunju
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Nelson R Sabates
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Michael A Cassell
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ron K Lord
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kevin P Pikey
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Abraham Poulose
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA ; Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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98
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Abolfazli N, Jabali S, Saleh Saber F, Babaloo Z, Shirmohammadi A. Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum and Salivary Concentrations of Visfatin in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:11-7. [PMID: 25973148 PMCID: PMC4417487 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Visfatin, mainly secreted by visceral adipose tissue, especially by macrophages, plays an important role in regulating the defense and immune functions, and functions as a growth factor, a cytokine, an enzyme and more importantly as a proinflammatory mediator. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on serum and salivary levels of visfatin in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods. Eighteen patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis were selected based on periodontal parameters of gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic parameters. Serum and salivary samples were collected at baseline and one month following non-surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing ([SRP]). Visfatin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15, using paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results. Mean salivary and serum levels of visfatin significantly decreased after non-surgical periodontal treatment (P<0.05). Changes in salivary visfatin levels were more prominent. Conclusion. According to the findings of this study it seems that there is a direct relationship between periodontal tissue inflammation and disease activity with salivary and serum visfatin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Abolfazli
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Jabali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Saleh Saber
- Associate Professor, Department of Prostodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Associate Professor, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adileh Shirmohammadi
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Peng Q, Jia SH, Parodo J, Ai Y, Marshall JC. Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor induces Nampt-dependent translocation of the insulin receptor out of lipid microdomains in A549 lung epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E324-33. [PMID: 25516545 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00006.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) is a highly conserved pleiotropic protein reported to be an alternate ligand for the insulin receptor (IR). We sought to clarify the relationship between PBEF and insulin signaling by evaluating the effects of PBEF on the localization of the IRβ chain to lipid rafts in A549 epithelial cells. We isolated lipid rafts from A549 cells and detected the IR by immunoprecipitation from raft fractions or whole cell lysates. Cells were treated with rPBEF, its enzymatic product nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), or the Nampt inhibitor daporinad to study the effect of PBEF on IRβ movement. We used coimmunoprecipitation studies in cells transfected with PBEF and IRβ constructs to detect interactions between PBEF, the IRβ, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1). PBEF was present in both lipid raft and nonraft fractions, whereas the IR was found only in lipid raft fractions of resting A549 cells. The IR-, PBEF-, and Cav-1-coimmunoprecipitated rPBEF treatment resulted in the movement of IRβ- and tyrosine-phosphorylated Cav-1 from lipid rafts to nonrafts, an effect that could be blocked by daporinad, suggesting that this effect was facilitated by the Nampt activity of PBEF. The addition of PBEF to insulin-treated cells resulted in reduced Akt phosphorylation of both Ser⁴⁷³ and Thr³⁰⁸. We conclude that PBEF can inhibit insulin signaling through the IR by Nampt-dependent promotion of IR translocation into the nonraft domains of A549 epithelial cells. PBEF-induced alterations in the spatial geometry of the IR provide a mechanistic explanation for insulin resistance in inflammatory states associated with upregulation of PBEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Peng
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Hui Jia
- Department of Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jean Parodo
- Department of Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - John C Marshall
- Department of Surgery, Department of Critical Care Medicine, and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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100
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Sun X, Elangovan VR, Mapes B, Camp SM, Sammani S, Saadat L, Ceco E, Ma SF, Flores C, MacDougall MS, Quijada H, Liu B, Kempf CL, Wang T, Chiang ET, Garcia JGN. The NAMPT promoter is regulated by mechanical stress, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, and acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated genetic variants. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:660-7. [PMID: 24821571 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0117oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) transcription is mechanistically linked to ventilator-induced inflammatory lung injury (VILI), with VILI severity attenuated by reduced NAMPT bioavailability. The molecular mechanisms of NAMPT promoter regulation in response to excessive mechanical stress remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to define the contribution of specific transcription factors, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and promoter demethylation to NAMPT transcriptional regulation in response to mechanical stress. In vivo NAMPT protein expression levels were examined in mice exposed to high tidal volume mechanical ventilation. In vitro NAMPT expression levels were examined in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells exposed to 5 or 18% cyclic stretch (CS), with NAMPT promoter activity assessed using NAMPT promoter luciferase reporter constructs with a series of nested deletions. In vitro NAMPT transcriptional regulation was further characterized by measuring luciferase activity, DNA demethylation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. VILI-challenged mice exhibited significantly increased NAMPT expression in bronchoalveolar lavage leukocytes and in lung endothelium. A mechanical stress-inducible region (MSIR) was identified in the NAMPT promoter from -2,428 to -2,128 bp. This MSIR regulates NAMPT promoter activity, mRNA expression, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) binding, which is significantly increased by 18% CS. In addition, NAMPT promoter activity was increased by pharmacologic promoter demethylation and inhibited by STAT5 silencing. ARDS-associated NAMPT promoter SNPs rs59744560 (-948G/T) and rs7789066 (-2,422A/G) each significantly elevated NAMPT promoter activity in response to 18% CS in a STAT5-dependent manner. Our results show that NAMPT is a key novel ARDS therapeutic target and candidate gene with genetic/epigenetic transcriptional regulation in response to excessive mechanical stress.
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