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Kamer AR, Pushalkar S, Gulivindala D, Butler T, Li Y, Annam KRC, Glodzik L, Ballman KV, Corby PM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Saxena D, de Leon MJ. Periodontal dysbiosis associates with reduced CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal elderly. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12172. [PMID: 33869725 PMCID: PMC8040436 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory bacterial dysbiosis that is associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome. METHODS A total of 48 elderly cognitively normal subjects were evaluated for differences in subgingival periodontal bacteria (assayed by 16S rRNA sequencing) between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker groups of amyloid and neurofibrillary pathology. A dysbiotic index (DI) was defined at the genus level as the abundance ratio of known periodontal bacteria to healthy bacteria. Analysis of variance/analysis of covariance (ANOVA/ANCOVA), linear discriminant effect-size analyses (LEfSe) were used to determine the bacterial genera and species differences between the CSF biomarker groups. RESULTS At genera and species levels, higher subgingival periodontal dysbiosis was associated with reduced CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42 (P = 0.02 and 0.01) but not with P-tau. DISCUSSION We show a selective relationship between periodontal disease bacterial dysbiosis and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis, but not for tau. Further modeling is needed to establish the direct link between oral bacteria and Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Deepthi Gulivindala
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Tracy Butler
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Karla V. Ballman
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Population Health SciencesWeill Medical CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUSA
| | - Patricia M. Corby
- Department of Oral MedicineSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
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Yamamoto M, Aizawa R. Maintaining a protective state for human periodontal tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:142-156. [PMID: 33690927 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, caused by infection with periodontal pathogens, is primarily characterized by inflammatory bone resorption and destruction of connective tissue. Simply describing periodontitis as a specific bacterial infection cannot completely explain the various periodontal tissue destruction patterns observed. Periodontal tissue damage is thought to be caused by various factors. In recent years, research goals for periodontal pathogens have shifted from searching for specific pathogens to investigating mechanisms that damage periodontal tissues. Bacteria interact directly with the host in several ways, influencing expression and activity of molecules that evade host defenses, and destroying local tissues and inhibiting their repair. The host's innate and acquired immune systems are important defense mechanisms that protect periodontal tissues from attack and invasion of periodontal pathogens, thus preventing infection. Innate and acquired immunity have evolved to confront the microbial challenge, forming a seamless defense network in periodontal tissues. In the innate immune response, host cells quickly detect, via specialized receptors, macromolecules and nucleic acids present on bacterial cell walls, and this triggers a protective, inflammatory response. The work of this subsystem of host immunity is performed mainly by phagocytes, beta-defensin, and the complement system. In addition, the first line of defense in oral innate immunity is the junctional epithelium, which acts as a physical barrier to the entry of oral bacteria and other nonself substances. In the presence of a normal flora, junctional epithelial cells differentiate actively and proliferate apically, with concomitant increase in chemotactic factor expression recruiting neutrophils. These immune cells play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and the protective state in periodontal tissue because they eliminate unwanted bacteria over time. Previous studies indicate a mechanism for attracting immune cells to periodontal tissue with the purpose of maintaining a protective state; although this mechanism can function without bacteria, it is enhanced by the normal flora. A better understanding of the relationship between the protective state and its disruption in periodontal disease could lead to the development of new treatment strategies for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Aizawa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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53
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Bachtiar BM, Theodorea CF, Tahapary DL, Astrella C, n/a N, Bachtiar EW. A pilot study of red complex and three genera subgingival microbiome in periodontitis subjects with and without diabetes, evaluated by MinION platform. F1000Res 2021; 10:79. [PMID: 34249333 PMCID: PMC8261760 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28216.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subgingival niche is one biofilm habitat containing rich microbiota, which plays an active role in maintaining the health of periodontal tissue and determining host response. As such, a study of changing subgingival biofilms is important for understanding the effect of a systemic condition. In this study, we compared the occurrence of six bacteria cohabiting in the subgingival area of periodontitis subjects, with (DP, n = 8) and without (NDP, n = 4) diabetes. Methods: The six genus and species of targeted bacteria were confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on MinION nanopore platform. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the obtained data. Results: We found that the six genus and species of targeted bacteria were detected but in different quantities in either group's periodontal pocket. Our data showed that Tannerella forsythia was the most abundant species in subgingival biofilms of the DP group of the red complex bacteria. In contrast, Aggregatibacter sp., which belongs to the phylum of proteobacteria, was present at a relatively lower level. In contrast, Fusobacterium sp., which belongs to orange complex bacteria, showed relative similarities in subgingival biofilms of both groups tested, while Veillonella sp., were abundant in the DP groups. Conclusions: Our data show that the diversity of classic periodontopathogens increased in the subgingival niche of periodontitis subjects with diabetes. It is the first study in Indonesia to apply MinION-based, full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Citra F Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Astrella
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Natalina n/a
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Genome-resolved metagenomics reveals site-specific diversity of episymbiotic CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea in groundwater ecosystems. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:354-365. [PMID: 33495623 PMCID: PMC7906910 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria and DPANN archaea are unisolated, small-celled symbionts that are often detected in groundwater. The effects of groundwater geochemistry on the abundance, distribution, taxonomic diversity and host association of CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea has not been studied. Here, we performed genome-resolved metagenomic analysis of one agricultural and seven pristine groundwater microbial communities and recovered 746 CPR and DPANN genomes in total. The pristine sites, which serve as local sources of drinking water, contained up to 31% CPR bacteria and 4% DPANN archaea. We observed little species-level overlap of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) across the groundwater sites, indicating that CPR and DPANN communities may be differentiated according to physicochemical conditions and host populations. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy imaging and genomic analyses enabled us to identify CPR and DPANN lineages that reproducibly attach to host cells and showed that the growth of CPR bacteria seems to be stimulated by attachment to host-cell surfaces. Our analysis reveals site-specific diversity of CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea that coexist with diverse hosts in groundwater aquifers. Given that CPR and DPANN organisms have been identified in human microbiomes and their presence is correlated with diseases such as periodontitis, our findings are relevant to considerations of drinking water quality and human health. Metagenomics and electron microscopy are combined to analyse the diversity of episymbiotic CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea in eight groundwater communities.
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55
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Miralda I, Uriarte SM. Periodontal Pathogens' strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 36:103-120. [PMID: 33128827 PMCID: PMC8048607 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an irreversible, chronic inflammatory disease where inflammophilic pathogenic microbial communities accumulate in the gingival crevice. Neutrophils are a major component of the innate host response against bacterial challenge, and under homeostatic conditions, their microbicidal functions typically protect the host against periodontitis. However, a number of periodontal pathogens developed survival strategies to evade neutrophil microbicidal functions while promoting inflammation, which provides a source of nutrients for bacterial growth. Research on periodontal pathogens has largely focused on a few established species: Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, advances in culture-independent techniques have facilitated the identification of new bacterial species in periodontal lesions, such as the two Gram-positive anaerobes, Filifactor alocis and Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, whose characterization of pathogenic potential has not been fully described. Additionally, there is not a full understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms used against neutrophils by organisms that are abundant in periodontal lesions. This presents a substantial barrier to the development of new approaches to prevent or ameliorate the disease. In this review, we first summarize the neutrophil functions affected by the established periodontal pathogens listed above, denoting unknown areas that still merit a closer look. Then, we review the literature on neutrophil functions and the emerging periodontal pathogens, F. alocis and P. stomatis, comparing the effects of the emerging microbes to that of established pathogens, and speculate on the contribution of these putative pathogens to the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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56
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The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on oral microbiome dynamics in Japanese patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21989. [PMID: 33319834 PMCID: PMC7738506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixed orthodontic appliances are common and effective tools to treat malocclusion. Adverse effects of these appliances, such as dental caries and periodontitis, may be associated with alteration of the microbiome. This study investigated the impact of these appliances on the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Seventy-one patients were selected. Supragingival plaque samples were collected before placement (T0) and six months after placement (T1). Saliva samples were collected at T0 and T1, and then when appliance removal (T2). Microbial DNA was analyzed by 16S rRNA meta-sequencing. The diversity analysis indicated dynamic changes in the structure of the oral microbiome. Taxonomic analysis at phylum level showed a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and Saccharibacteria (formally TM7) and decrease in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria over time, in both plaque and saliva. Genus level analysis of relative abundance indicated a significant increase in anaerobic and facultative anaerobes in both plaque and saliva. Fixed orthodontic appliances induced measurable changes in the oral microbiome. This was characterized by an increase in relative abundance of obligate anaerobes, including periodontal pathogens. It can be concluded that this dysbiosis induced by fixed orthodontic appliances is likely to represent a transitional stage in the shift in microbiome from healthy to periodontitis.
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57
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Lamont RF, van den Munckhof EHA, Luef BM, Vinter CA, Jørgensen JS. Recent advances in cultivation-independent molecular-based techniques for the characterization of vaginal eubiosis and dysbiosis. Fac Rev 2020; 9:21. [PMID: 33659953 PMCID: PMC7886079 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
“The bacterial vaginosis syndrome” has significant adverse effects for women and babies, including preterm birth and increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections and HIV. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis is Gram stain microscopy of vaginal secretions, which is not readily available, is somewhat subjective, and does not differentiate between the likely different subtypes of vaginal dysbioses that may have different etiologies, microbiology, responses to antibiotics, and phenotypic outcomes. With new information from molecular-based, cultivation-independent studies, there is increasing interest in the use of molecular techniques for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. We reviewed the current evidence on and the rationale behind the use of molecular techniques for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. We found a number of commercially available molecular diagnostic tests, a few of which have US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or Conformité Européenne in vitro diagnostic (CE-IVD) approval, and we have compared their performance with respect to sensitivities and specificities. Molecular-based tests have the advantage of objectivity, quantification, detection of fastidious organisms, and validity for self-obtained vaginal swabs. The performance of the molecular tests against standard microscopy is impressive, but further education of users on interpretation is needed. Bacterial vaginosis is the major cause of vaginal dysbiosis and should be recognized for the threat it is to women’s genital tract health. Quantitative assessment of microbial abundance, the diversity of other organisms present, specific primers for gene sequence regions, and clades and biovars of target microbes should be recognized and incorporated into future molecular diagnostic tests to better differentiate between vaginal eubiosis and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F Lamont
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Kløvervænget 10, 10th floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Division of Surgery, University College London, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research Campus, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | | | - Birgitte Møller Luef
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Kløvervænget 10, 10th floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Christina Anne Vinter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Kløvervænget 10, 10th floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jan Stener Jørgensen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Kløvervænget 10, 10th floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Fragkioudakis I, Riggio MP, Apatzidou DA. Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts. J Med Microbiol 2020; 70. [PMID: 33295858 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1960s the microbial aetiology of periodontal diseases was introduced based on classical experimental gingivitis studies . Since then, numerous studies have addressed the fundamental role that oral microbiota plays in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Recent advances in laboratory identification techniques have contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of the oral microbiome in both health and disease. Modern culture-independent methods such as human oral microbial identification microarray and next-generation sequencing have been used to identify a wide variety of microbial taxa residing in the gingival sulcus and the periodontal pocket. The first theory of the 'non-specific plaque' hypothesis gave rise to the 'ecological plaque' hypothesis and more recently to the 'polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis hypothesis'. Periodontitis is now considered to be a multimicrobial inflammatory disease in which the various bacterial species within the dental biofilm are in a dysbiotic state and this imbalance favours the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions and ultimately the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart from the known putative periodontal pathogens, the whole biofilm community is now considered to play a role in the establishment of inflammation and the initiation and progression of periodontitis in a susceptible host. Treatment is unlikely to eliminate putative pathogens but, when it is thoroughly performed it has the potential to establish a healthy ecosystem by altering the microbial community in numbers and composition and also contribute to the maturation of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fragkioudakis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marcello P Riggio
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Dental School, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Gonçalves C, Cristina Figueiredo L, Teles F. Did Omics change periodontal therapy? Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:182-209. [PMID: 33226695 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth. This article aims to compile the results of studies, using next-generation sequencing techniques to evaluate the periodontal microbiome, in an attempt to determine how far the knowledge provided by these studies has brought us in terms of influencing the way we treat periodontitis. The taxonomic data provided, to date, by published association and elimination studies using next-generation sequencing confirm previous knowledge on the role of classic periodontal pathogens in the pathobiology of disease and include new species/genera. Conversely, species and genera already considered as host-compatible and others less explored were associated with periodontal health as their levels were elevated in healthy individuals and increased after therapy. Functional and transcriptomic analyses also demonstrated that periodontal biofilms are taxonomically diverse, functionally congruent, and highly cooperative. Very few interventional studies to date have examined the effects of treatment on the periodontal microbiome, and such studies are heterogeneous in terms of design, sample size, sampling method, treatment provided, and duration of follow-up. Hence, it is still difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from them. Thus, although OMICS knowledge has not yet changed the way we treat patients in daily practice, the information provided by these studies opens new avenues for future research in this field. As new pathogens and beneficial species become identified, future randomized clinical trials could monitor these species/genera more comprehensively. In addition, the metatranscriptomic data, although still embryonic, suggest that the interplay between the host and the oral microbiome may be our best opportunity to implement personalized periodontal treatments. Therapeutic schemes targeting particular bacterial protein products in subjects with specific genetic profiles, for example, may be the futuristic view of enhanced periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves
- Department of Periodontology, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Teles
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Clinical and Microbiological Efficacy of Pyrophosphate Containing Toothpaste: A Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111806. [PMID: 33212981 PMCID: PMC7698517 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dental calculus works as a niche wherein pathogenic bacteria proliferate in the oral cavity. Previous studies revealed the anticalculus activity of pyrophosphates, however there was no clinical study that evaluated microbiome changes associated with calculus inhibition. Therefore, the aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the calculus inhibition of pyrophosphate-containing toothpaste and its effect on oral microbiome changes. (2) Methods: Eighty subjects with a calculus index ≥2 on the lingual of the mandibular anterior tooth were randomly allocated to the test group that pyrophosphate-containing toothpaste was given to or the placebo control group. Full mouth debridement and standardized tooth brushing instruction were given before the allocation. Plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were measured at the baseline, and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Genomic DNA was extracted from the plaque samples collected at the baseline and at 12 weeks, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing was applied for microbiome analysis. (3) Results: None of the clinical parameters showed significant differences by visits or groups, except the plaque index of the test group, which reduced significantly between 4 and 12 weeks. A significant difference of microbiome between the baseline and 12 weeks was observed in the test group. Between baseline and 12 weeks, the proportion of Spirochetes decreased in the control group, and the proportions of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Spirochetes in the phylum level and the proportions of Haemophilus, Fusobacterium and Capnocytophaga in the genus level decreased in the test group. In the test group, as plaque index decreased, Streptococcus increased, and Fusobacterium and Haemophilus parainfluenza decreased. (4) Conclusion: The use of pyrophosphate-containing toothpaste effectively inhibited the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and the proliferation of pathogenic species in periodontal disease. Clinically, plaque formation in the pyrophosphate-containing toothpaste group was effectively decreased, however there was no significant change in calculus deposition.
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Siddiqui S, Bao D, Doyle-Meyers L, Dufour J, Wu Y, Liu YZ, Ling B. Alterations of the gut bacterial microbiota in rhesus macaques with SIV infection and on short- or long-term antiretroviral therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19056. [PMID: 33149234 PMCID: PMC7642356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation are associated with chronic systemic immune activation and inflammation in HIV-1 infection. However, the extent of restoration of gut microbiota in HIV-1 patients with short or long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unclear. To understand the impact of ART on the gut microbiota, we used the rhesus macaque model of SIV infection to characterize and compare the gut microbial community upon SIV infection and during ART. We observed altered taxonomic compositions of gut microbiota communities upon SIV infection and at different time points of ART. SIV-infected animals showed decreased diversity of gut microbiome composition, while the ART group appeared to recover towards the diversity level of the healthy control. Animals undergoing ART for various lengths of time were observed to have differential gut bacterial abundance across different time points. In addition, increased blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels during SIV infection were reduced to near normal upon ART, indicating that microbial translocation and immune activation can be improved during therapy. In conclusion, while short ART may be related to transient increase of certain pathogenic bacterial microbiome, ART may promote microbiome diversity compromised by SIV infection, improve the gut microbiota towards the healthy compositions and alleviate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Siddiqui
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Duran Bao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Jason Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Department of Molecular and Microbiology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Yao-Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Binhua Ling
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA. .,Tulane Center for Aging, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
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Liu J, Huang S, Li G, Zhao J, Lu W, Zhang Z. High housing density increases stress hormone- or disease-associated fecal microbiota in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Horm Behav 2020; 126:104838. [PMID: 32791065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Density-dependence is an important mechanism in the population regulation of small mammals. Stressors induced by high-density (e.g., crowding and aggression) can cause physiological and neurological disorders, and are hypothesized to be associated with alterations in gut microbiota, which may in turn reduce the fitness of animals by increasing stress- or disease-associated microbes. In this study, we examined the effects of housing density on the hormone levels, immunity, and composition of gut microbiota in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) by conducting two specific housing density experiments with or without physical contact between voles. Voles in high density groups exhibited higher serum corticosterone (CORT), serotonin (5-HT), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, as well as higher testosterone (T) levels only in the experiment with physical contact. Meanwhile, high-density treatments induced significant changes in the composition of gut microbiota by increasing disease-associated microbes. The levels of hormones and immunity (i.e., CORT, 5-HT, and IgG) elevated by the high density treatment were significantly correlated with some specific microbes. These results imply that high-density-induced stress may shape the fitness of animals under natural conditions by altering their gut microbiota. Our study provides novel insights into the potential roles of gut microbiota in the density-dependent population regulation of small rodents as well as the potential mechanisms underlying psychological disorders in humans and animals under crowded conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Abstract
The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition, no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encouraged by the lack of strong confounding factors. More than 1,000 different species of microbes have been found to live within the human oral cavity, where they play important roles in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Several studies have identified the core members of this microbial community; however, the factors that determine oral microbiome composition are not well understood. In this study, we exam the salivary oral microbiome of 1,049 Atlantic Canadians using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine which dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric features play a role in shaping microbial community composition. Features that were identified as being significantly associated with overall composition then were additionally examined for genera, amplicon sequence variants, and predicted pathway abundances that were associated with these features. Several associations were replicated in an additional secondary validation data set. Overall, we found that several anthropometric measurements, including waist-hip ratio (WHR), height, and fat-free mass, as well as age and sex, were associated with overall oral microbiome structure in both our exploratory and validation data sets. We were unable to validate any dietary impacts on overall taxonomic oral microbiome composition but did find evidence to suggest potential contributions from factors such as the number of vegetable and refined grain servings an individual consumes. Interestingly, each one of these factors on its own was associated with only minor shifts in the overall taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome, suggesting that future biomarker identification for several diseases associated with the oral microbiome can be undertaken without the worry of confounding factors obscuring biological signals. IMPORTANCE The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition, no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encouraged by the lack of strong confounding factors.
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64
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Song MK, Kim HY, Choi BK, Kim HH. Filifactor alocis-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit osteogenesis through TLR2 signaling. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 35:202-210. [PMID: 33044804 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Filifactor alocis, an asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rod (AAGPR), is an emerging marker of periodontitis. Severe periodontitis causes destruction of the alveolar bone that supports teeth and can even lead to tooth loss. Based on our previous report that F. alocis-derived extracellular vesicles (FA EVs) contain various effector molecules and have immunostimulatory activity, we investigated the effect of FA EVs on osteogenesis using mouse bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). FA EVs dramatically inhibited bone mineralization similar to whole bacteria and reduced the expression levels of osteogenic marker genes. The osteogenic differentiation of TLR2-deficient BMSCs was not inhibited by FA EVs, suggesting that their inhibitory effect on osteogenesis is dependent on TLR2 signaling. FA EVs effectively activated TLR2 downstream signaling of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In addition, FA EVs regulated RANKL and OPG gene expression, increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio in BMSCs in a TLR2-dependent manner. Our study suggests that F. alocis-derived EVs interfere with bone metabolism via TLR2 activation, providing insight into the pathogenesis of bone loss associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Song
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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65
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McCracken BA, Nathalia Garcia M. Phylum Synergistetes in the oral cavity: A possible contributor to periodontal disease. Anaerobe 2020; 68:102250. [PMID: 32791127 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial contributions to periodontal disease have been under renewed scrutiny with the advent of newer technologies to identify their presence and gene expression at the molecular level. Members of the phylum Synergistetes are some of the more recent bacteria to be associated with periodontal disease. Bacteria classified in this phylum can be found in a wide variety of habitats including both inside and outside of a mammalian host. Members of this phylum have been identified as part of the human microbiome. Indeed, many of the identified phylotypes have yet to be cultivated. Here we consider contributions of three named and formally described species to the oral microbial community and to pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Anne McCracken
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Growth, Development And Structure, 2800 College Ave., Alton, IL, 62002, USA.
| | - M Nathalia Garcia
- Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, Alton, IL, 62002, USA
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66
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High abundance of genus Prevotella is associated with dysregulation of IFN-I and T cell response in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 2020; 34:1467-1473. [PMID: 32675560 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-1-associated dysbiosis is most commonly characterized by overall decreased diversity, with abundance of the genus Prevotella, recently related to inflammatory responses. DESIGN A pilot study including 10 antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-1-infected men and 50 uninfected controls was performed to identify the main gut dysbiosis determinants (e.g. Prevotella enrichment), that may affect mucosal antiviral defenses and T cell immunity in HIV-1-infected individuals. METHODS 16rRNA gene sequencing was applied to the HIV-1-infected individuals' fecal microbiota and compared with controls. Measurements of CD4 and CD8 T cell activation [CD38, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD38 HLA-DR] and frequencies of Th17, obtained from lamina propria lymphocytes isolated from five different intestinal sites, were performed by flow cytometry. IFNβ, IFNAR1 and MxA gene expression level was evaluated by real-time PCR in lamina propria lymphocytes. Nonparametric t tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS HIV-1-infected men had a significant fecal microbial communities' imbalance, including different levels of genera Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Alistipes and Bacteroides, compared with controls. Notably, Prevotella abundance positively correlated with frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing CD38 or HLA-DR and coexpressing CD38 and HLA-DR (P < 0.05 for all these measures). The same trend was observed for the activated CD8 T cells. Moreover, Prevotella levels were inversely correlated with IFN-I genes (P < 0.05 for IFNβ, IFNAR1 and MxA genes) and the frequencies of Th17 cells (P < 0.05). By contrast, no statistically significant correlations were observed for the remaining bacterial genera. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Prevotella enrichment might affect gut mucosal IFN-I pathways and T cell response in HIV-1-infected patients, thus contributing to immune dysfunction.
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Genco RJ, LaMonte MJ, McSkimming DI, Buck MJ, Li L, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Sun Y, Tsompana M, Zheng W, Banack HR, Murugaiyan V, Wactawski-Wende J. The Subgingival Microbiome Relationship to Periodontal Disease in Older Women. J Dent Res 2020; 98:975-984. [PMID: 31329044 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519860449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the oral microbiome in relation to periodontal disease in older adults is limited. The composition and diversity of the subgingival microflora and their oligotypes in health and levels of periodontal disease were investigated in this study on older postmenopausal women. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform in 1,206 women aged 53 to 81 y. Presence and severity of periodontal disease were defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology criteria. Composition of the microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the abundance of taxa described by the centered log2-ratio (CLR) transformed operational taxonomic unit (OTU) values. Differences according to periodontal disease status were determined by analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. Bacteria oligotypes associated with periodontal disease and health were determined by minimum entropy decomposition and their functions estimated in silico using PICRUSt. Prevalence of none/mild, moderate, and severe periodontal disease was 25.1%, 58.3%, and 16.6%, respectively. Alpha diversity of the microbiome differed significantly across the 3 periodontal disease categories. β-Diversity differed between no/mild and severe periodontal disease, although considerable overlap was noted. Of the 267 bacterial species identified at ≥0.02% abundance, 56 (20.9%) differed significantly in abundance according to periodontal disease status. Significant linear correlations for pocket depth and clinical attachment level with bacterial amounts were observed for several taxa. Of the taxa differing in abundance according to periodontal disease status, 53% had multiple oligotypes appearing to differ between none/mild and severe periodontal disease. Among older women, taxonomic differences in subgingival microbiome composition and diversity were observed in relation to clinical periodontal disease measures. Potential differences in bacterial subspecies (oligotypes) and their function were also identified in periodontal disease compared with health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Genco
- 1 Departments of Oral Biology, and Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Microbiome Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M J LaMonte
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D I McSkimming
- 3 Genome, Environment, and Microbiome Community of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M J Buck
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - L Li
- 5 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K M Hovey
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C A Andrews
- 6 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Sun
- 7 Departments of Immunology, Computer Science and Engineering, and Bioinformatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Tsompana
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - W Zheng
- 5 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H R Banack
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - V Murugaiyan
- 3 Genome, Environment, and Microbiome Community of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J Wactawski-Wende
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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68
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Ghapanchi J, Bazargani A, Khorshidi H, Erfani M, Rezazadeh F, Azad A, Derafshi R, Kalantari AH. Isolation and Identification of Non- Commensal Pathogenic Bacteria in the Saliva of Patients Candidate for Liver Transplant: A Cross Sectional Study in Shiraz, South of Iran. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2020. [PMID: 32582821 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2019.77854.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of liver failure. It is mentioned as one of the main etiologies of morbidity and mortality in the world. The human salivary bacteria may induce oral disorders and interact with other body microbiota. Purpose The aim of the present study is to identify the pathogenic bacteria of non-oral origin from the saliva samples of patients with end stage liver failure. Materials and Method In this cross-sectional study, the saliva samples of 88 end stage liver disease cases and 84 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were collected. The samples were cultured using gram staining and API20E Kit. Results According to the statistical analysis, the total amount of the non-commensal bacteria was significantly higher in chronic liver failure (CLF) group than controls (p= 0.001). There was no significant difference between both groups for the presence of other bacteria (p= 0.001) except for Escherichia coli (E. coli). E. coli was isolated from the saliva of 15 cases and only 2 controls. Conclusion Oral cavity may act as a reservoir for enteric bacteria such as E. coli in liver failure patients. Adequate oral and general hygiene might reduce the risk of systemic infection especially in immunocompromised cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannan Ghapanchi
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Bazargani
- Dept. of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hooman Khorshidi
- Dept. of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Erfani
- Student, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Rezazadeh
- Oral & Dental Disease Research Center, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azita Azad
- Dept. of Prosthetics, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Derafshi
- Dept. of Prosthetics, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hassan Kalantari
- Dept. of Prosthetics, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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69
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Ansbro K, Wade WG, Stafford GP. Tannerella serpentiformis sp. nov., isolated from the human mouth. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3749-3754. [PMID: 32519941 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three strains representing the previously uncultured human oral Tannerella taxon HMT-286 were recently isolated from the subgingival plaque of a patient with chronic periodontitis. The phenotypic and genetic features of strain SP18_26T were compared to those of the type species of Tannerella, Tannerella forsythia. A genome size of 2.97 Mbp (G+C content 56.5 mol%) was previously reported for SP18_26T, compared to a size of 3.28 Mbp (47.1 mol%) in T. forsythia ATCC 43037T. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons also revealed 94.3 % sequence identity with T. forsythia ATCC 43037T. Growth was stimulated by supplementation of media with N-acetyl muramic acid, as seen with T. forsythia, but the cells displayed a distinctive snake-like morphology. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis revealed a profile differing from T. forsythia, chiefly in the amount of 3-OH-16 : 0 (four-fold lower in SP18_26T). Overall, metabolic enzyme activity also differed from T. forsythia, with enzyme activity for indole present, but the complement of glycoside hydrolase enzyme activity was smaller than T. forsythia, for example, lacking sialidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase - evidence backed up by analysis of its gene content. On the basis of these results, a new species Tannerella serpentiformis is proposed for which the type strain is SP18_26T (=DSM 102894T=JCM 31303T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ansbro
- Integrated BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - William G Wade
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge MA, USA.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Graham P Stafford
- Integrated BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
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70
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Role of Superoxide Reductase FA796 in Oxidative Stress Resistance in Filifactor alocis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9178. [PMID: 32513978 PMCID: PMC7280497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filifactor alocis, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is now a proposed diagnostic indicator of periodontal disease. Because the stress response of this bacterium to the oxidative environment of the periodontal pocket may impact its pathogenicity, an understanding of its oxidative stress resistance strategy is vital. Interrogation of the F. alocis genome identified the HMPREF0389_00796 gene that encodes for a putative superoxide reductase (SOR) enzyme. SORs are non-heme, iron-containing enzymes that can catalyze the reduction of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and are important in the protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we have functionally characterized the putative SOR (FA796) from F. alocis ATCC 35896. The recombinant FA796 protein, which is predicted to be a homotetramer of the 1Fe-SOR class, can reduce superoxide radicals. F. alocis FLL141 (∆FA796::ermF) was significantly more sensitive to oxygen/air exposure compared to the parent strain. Sensitivity correlated with the level of intracellular superoxide radicals. Additionally, the FA796-defective mutant had increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide-induced stress, was inhibited in its ability to form biofilm and had reduced survival in epithelial cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the F. alocis SOR protein is a key enzymatic scavenger of superoxide radicals and protects the bacterium from oxidative stress conditions.
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71
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Zargar N, Ashraf H, Marashi SMA, Sabeti M, Aziz A. Identification of microorganisms in irreversible pulpitis and primary endodontic infections with respect to clinical and radiographic findings. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:2099-2108. [PMID: 32377864 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of microbiota of irreversible pulpitis and primary endodontic infections with respect to clinical and radiographic findings by performing cultures and 16s rDNA sequencing in Iranian patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, samples were collected from 41 root canals for 4 main groups of patients. Bacterial identification was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16s rDNA sequencing of aerobic and anaerobic cultivable colonies taken from patients' culture plates. Additionally, the presence of 13 bacterial species and 3 nonbacterial species was also explored using PCR and species-specific primers. RESULTS Sixteen microbial species, 1 fungus (Candida albicans), and 1 virus (Herpes simplex virus) were discovered and isolated. Species with the highest prevalence were Dialister invisus (68.3%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (58.8%), Streptococcus salivarius (58.5%), and Treponema denticola (56.1%). Lysinibacillus fusiformis (19.1%) was detected in the root canals for the first time. Candida albicans was seen in 11 cases (26.8%). Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was seen in 4 patients (9.8%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Gram-negative anaerobic oral bacteria are the majority of the microbes in primary endodontic infections. Various combinations of bacterial species were related to different clinical and radiographic conditions. Lysinibacillus fusiformis was detected for the first time in primary endodontic infections. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this investigation might help clinicians choose to identify suspected endodontic pathogens in the etiology of each form of pulpal and periradicular diseases to determine the best therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Zargar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blv., Daneshgah Square, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Hengameh Ashraf
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blv., Daneshgah Square, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - S M Amin Marashi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabeti
- UCSF School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Ave. Room-D 3226, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA
| | - Alireza Aziz
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blv., Evin Avenue, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
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72
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Ram-Mohan N, Meyer MM. Comparative Metatranscriptomics of Periodontitis Supports a Common Polymicrobial Shift in Metabolic Function and Identifies Novel Putative Disease-Associated ncRNAs. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:482. [PMID: 32328037 PMCID: PMC7160235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that deteriorates bone supporting teeth afflicting ∼743 million people worldwide. Bacterial communities associated with disease have been classified into red, orange, purple, blue, green, and yellow complexes based on their roles in the periodontal pocket. Previous metagenomic and metatranscriptomics analyses suggest a common shift in metabolic signatures in disease vs. healthy communities with up-regulated processes including pyruvate fermentation, histidine degradation, amino acid metabolism, TonB-dependent receptors. In this work, we examine existing metatranscriptome datasets to identify the commonly differentially expressed transcripts and potential underlying RNA regulatory mechanisms behind the metabolic shifts. Raw RNA-seq reads from three studies (including 49 healthy and 48 periodontitis samples) were assembled into transcripts de novo. Analyses revealed 859 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts, 675 more- and 174 less-expressed. Only ∼20% of the DE transcripts originate from the pathogenic red/orange complexes, and ∼50% originate from organisms unaffiliated with a complex. Comparison of expression profiles revealed variations among disease samples; while specific metabolic processes are commonly up-regulated, the underlying organisms are diverse both within and across disease associated communities. Surveying DE transcripts for known ncRNAs from the Rfam database identified a large number of tRNAs and tmRNAs as well as riboswitches (FMN, glycine, lysine, and SAM) in more prevalent transcripts and the cobalamin riboswitch in both more and less prevalent transcripts. In silico discovery identified many putative ncRNAs in DE transcripts. We report 15 such putative ncRNAs having promising covariation in the predicted secondary structure and interesting genomic context. Seven of these are antisense of ribosomal proteins that are novel and may involve maintaining ribosomal protein stoichiometry during the disease associated metabolic shift. Our findings describe the role of organisms previously unaffiliated with disease and identify the commonality in progression of disease across three metatranscriptomic studies. We find that although the communities are diverse between individuals, the switch in metabolic signatures characteristic of disease is typically achieved through the contributions of several community members. Furthermore, we identify many ncRNAs (both known and putative) which may facilitate the metabolic shifts associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Ram-Mohan
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Michelle M Meyer
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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Proctor DM, Shelef KM, Gonzalez A, Davis CL, Dethlefsen L, Burns AR, Loomer PM, Armitage GC, Ryder MI, Millman ME, Knight R, Holmes SP, Relman DA. Microbial biogeography and ecology of the mouth and implications for periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:26-41. [PMID: 31850642 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the composition of microbial communities differs among body sites and between habitats within a single site. Patterns of variation in the distribution of organisms across time and space are referred to as "biogeography." The human oral cavity is a critical observatory for exploring microbial biogeography because it is spatially structured, easily accessible, and its microbiota has been linked to the promotion of both health and disease. The biogeographic features of microbial communities residing in spatially distinct, but ecologically similar, environments on the human body, including the subgingival crevice, have not yet been adequately explored. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we seek to provide the dental community with a primer on biogeographic theory, highlighting its relevance to the study of the human oral cavity. We summarize what is known about the biogeographic variation of dental caries and periodontitis and postulate that disease occurrence reflects spatial patterning in the composition and structure of oral microbial communities. Second, we present a number of methods that investigators can use to test specific hypotheses using biogeographic theory. To anchor our discussion, we apply each method to a case study and examine the spatial variation of the human subgingival microbiota in 2 individuals. Our case study suggests that the composition of subgingival communities may conform to an anterior-to-posterior gradient within the oral cavity. The gradient appears to be structured by both deterministic and nondeterministic processes, although additional work is needed to confirm these findings. A better understanding of biogeographic patterns and processes will lead to improved efficacy of dental interventions targeting the oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Proctor
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katie M Shelef
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Clara L Davis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Les Dethlefsen
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Adam R Burns
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peter M Loomer
- Ashman Department of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark I Ryder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meredith E Millman
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Susan P Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Dorina L, Annalisa P, Ornella D, Alessandro B, Liliana O, Marco G, Di Girolamo M, Valentina C. The use of a new chemical device based on silver and cationic surfactants as a new approach for daily oral hygiene: A preliminary study on a group of periodontal patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 33:2058738419868101. [PMID: 31663443 PMCID: PMC6822178 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419868101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the abatement power of oral microbial
loading of a new gel formulation based on the complex silver-2-mercaptobenzoate,
chlorhexidine digluconate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (named ADC)
through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study sample consists of a group of
20 patients with chronic periodontal disease. Patients were over 25 years of age
and did not undergo surgical or non-surgical periodontal treatment in the
previous 6 months. The study sample was allotted into two groups of 10 patients
each, homogeneous by age and sex. The test group received a bottle containing
ADC gel, while the control group received an identical one containing placebo,
similar to ADC in consistence, colour, taste and odour. Sub-gingival samples of
four sites, one in each quadrant, of greatest probing depth in each patient were
used. Microbiological analyses were performed at baseline and at day 15. Paired
t test was performed to detect statistical significant reduction in total
bacterial loading and oral pathogens in the study groups. The analysis showed a
statistically significant reduction in the total bacterial loading evaluated
pre- and post-treatment (P = 0.029) in the study groups. In the
control group, the decrease in total bacterial loading was not significant
(P = 0.279). Clinically, ADC gel does not have any side
effects and discomfort such as pain, burning, tingling sensation or numbness and
produces no adverse reactions in time. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy
of a new chemical formulation with antibacterial properties to use for daily
oral hygiene with a preliminary study. Our results showed a statistically
significant reduction in total bacterial loading after treatment, but the
limitations of our study do not allow us to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of
the ADC gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauritano Dorina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Palmieri Annalisa
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D'Orto Ornella
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Bolzoni Alessandro
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottria Liliana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gargari Marco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Di Girolamo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Candotto Valentina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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75
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Staton GJ, Sullivan LE, Blowey RW, Carter SD, Evans NJ. Surveying bovine digital dermatitis and non-healing bovine foot lesions for the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Treponema pallidum. Vet Rec 2020; 186:450. [PMID: 32066637 PMCID: PMC7279135 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-healing bovine foot lesions, including non-healing white line disease, non-healing sole ulcer and toe necrosis, are an increasingly important cause of chronic lameness that are poorly responsive to treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated a high-level association between these non-healing lesions and the Treponema phylogroups implicated in bovine digital dermatitis (BDD). However, a polymicrobial aetiology involving other gram-stain-negative anaerobes is suspected. METHODS A PCR-based bacteriological survey of uncomplicated BDD lesions (n=10) and non-healing bovine foot lesions (n=10) targeting Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dichelobacter nodosus and Treponema pallidum/T. paraluiscuniculi was performed. RESULTS P. endodontalis DNA was detected in 80.0% of the non-healing lesion biopsies (p=<0.001) but was entirely absent from uncomplicated BDD lesion biopsies. When compared to the BDD lesions, F. necrophorum was detected at a higher frequency in the non-healing lesions (33.3% vs 70.0%, respectively), whereas D. nodosus was detected at a lower frequency (55.5% vs 20.0%, respectively). Conversely, T. pallidum/T. paraluiscuniculi DNA was not detected in either lesion type. CONCLUSION The data from this pilot study suggest that P. endodontalis and F. necrophorum should be further investigated as potential aetiological agents of non-healing bovine foot lesions. A failure to detect syphilis treponemes in either lesion type is reassuring given the potential public health implications such an infection would present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth James Staton
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - Leigh Emma Sullivan
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | | | - Stuart D Carter
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - Nicholas James Evans
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
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76
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Crusell MKW, Brink LR, Nielsen T, Allin KH, Hansen T, Damm P, Lauenborg J, Hansen TH, Pedersen O. Gestational diabetes and the human salivary microbiota: a longitudinal study during pregnancy and postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 32005194 PMCID: PMC6995204 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An aberrant composition of the salivary microbiota has been found in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and in pregnant women salivary microbiota composition has been associated with preeclampsia and pre-term birth. Pregnant women, who develop gestational diabetes (GDM), have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. In the present study we assessed whether GDM is linked to variation in the oral microbial community by examining the diversity and composition of the salivary microbiota. Method In this observational study the salivary microbiota of pregnant women with GDM (n = 50) and normal glucose regulation (n = 160) in third trimester and 9 months postpartum was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V1-V3 region. GDM was diagnosed in accordance with the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Cross-sectional difference in alpha diversity was assessed using Student’s t-test and longitudinal changes were assessed by mixed linear regression. Cross-sectional and longitudinal difference in beta diversity was assessed by permutational multivariate analyses of variance. Differentially abundant genera and OTUs were identified by negative binomial regression. Results In the third trimester, two species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while eight OTUs postpartum were differentially abundant in women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic women. OTU richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness decreased from late pregnancy to 9 months after delivery regardless of glycaemic status. Conclusion GDM is associated with a minor aberration of the salivary microbiota during late pregnancy and postpartum. For unknown reasons richness of the salivary microbiota decreased from late pregnancy to postpartum, which might be explained by the physiological changes of the immune system during human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie K W Crusell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hvidovre University Hospital, Kettegaardsvej 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Lærke R Brink
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Trine Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter Damm
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamdsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jeannet Lauenborg
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tue H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 30, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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77
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Liu P, Cui L, Shen L. Expression characteristics of adiponectin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand in the alveolar bone of rats with periodontitis and its effect. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1796829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Cui Lijun Stomatological Clinic, Datong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Shen
- Meiyuan Stomatological Hospital, Datong, People’s Republic of China
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78
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Armitage GC. A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought-leaders of the past, and current challenges. Periodontol 2000 2019; 82:12-25. [PMID: 31850629 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes historical events in periodontology in the United States over the past 200 years. The contributions of some of the key thought-leaders of the past are highlighted. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of thought, leading to the views currently held regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases, was significantly influenced by: (1) major changes in health-care education; (2) the emergence of periodontics as a specialty of dentistry; (3) the publication of peer-reviewed journals with an emphasis on periodontology; (4) formation of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); and (5) expansion of periodontal research programs by the NIDCR. The two major future challenges facing periodontal research are development of a better understanding of the ecological complexities of host-microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease, and identification of the relevant mechanisms involved in the predictable regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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79
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol 2019; 89 Suppl 1:S46-S73. [PMID: 29926936 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical gingival inflammation is a well-defined site-specific condition for which several measurement systems have been proposed and validated, and epidemiological studies consistently indicate its high prevalence globally. However, it is clear that defining and grading a gingival inflammatory condition at a site level (i.e. a "gingivitis site") is completely different from defining and grading a "gingivitis case" (GC) (i.e. a patient affected by gingivitis), and that a "gingivitis site" does not necessarily mean a "GC". The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence on clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, genetic markers as well as symptoms associated with plaque-induced gingivitis and to propose a set of criteria to define GC. IMPORTANCE A universally accepted case definition for gingivitis would provide the necessary information to enable oral health professionals to assess the effectiveness of their prevention strategies and treatment regimens; help set priorities for therapeutic actions/programs by health care providers; and undertake surveillance. FINDINGS Based on available methods to assess gingival inflammation, GC could be simply, objectively and accurately identified and graded using bleeding on probing score (BOP%) CONCLUSIONS: A patient with intact periodontium would be diagnosed as a GC according to a BOP score ≥ 10%, further classified as localized (BOP score ≥ 10% and ≤30%) or generalized (BOP score > 30%). The proposed classification may also apply to patients with a reduced periodontium, where a GC would characterize a patient with attachment loss and BOP score ≥ 10%, but without BOP in any site probing ≥4 mm in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cléverson O Silva
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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80
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Kugaji MS, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG, Joshi VM, Kumbar VM, Peram MR. Quantitative Evaluation of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Indian Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206819863952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims:Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) is considered as an important pathogen responsible for periodontal disease which is characterized by inflammation of gingiva and destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone leading to loss of tooth. Along with clinical investigations, suitable microbiological analysis needs to be performed which could provide more insight into the disease severity. We aim to quantify P. gingivalis by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and analyze its association with demographic data including clinical parameters.Materials and Methods:The study consisted of chronic periodontitis patients (CP group) and healthy subjects (H group) with 120 samples in each group. RT-PCR was carried out by the SYBR Green assay to target 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid species-specific region of P. gingivalis. Standard strain of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was used as a control.Results:In the CP group, 79.16% samples were found positive for P. gingivalis, whereas 29.17% samples were positive in the H group. A significant difference was found when the prevalence was compared within males and females ( P < .001 for both). In the older age groups, we found a higher rate of detection of P. gingivalis. As analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test, the number of cells of P. gingivalis was significantly associated with probing depth ( P = .02) and clinical attachment level ( P = .01) in the CP group. The mean cell number of P. gingivalis was found to be increasing with increasing levels of probing depth and clinical attachment level ( P < .001 and P = .01, respectively).Conclusion:The present study reaffirms that the P. gingivalis microbe is significantly associated with the chronic periodontitis and that its level varies with the severity of the disease. Colonization of the bacterium is significantly associated with severe forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar S. Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday M. Muddapur
- B.V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G. Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak M. Joshi
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vijay M. Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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81
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Fischer LA, Demerath E, Bittner-Eddy P, Costalonga M. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens: the potential missing link. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:383-392.e3. [PMID: 31051120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies demonstrate that women with severe periodontitis have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birthweight. Standard treatment for periodontitis in the form of scaling and root planing during the second trimester failed to reduce the risk of preterm or low birthweight. It is premature to dismiss the association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes because one explanation for the failure of scaling and root planing to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is that periodontal pathogens spread to the placental tissue prior to periodontal treatment. In the placenta, orally derived organisms could cause direct tissue damage or mediate a maternal immune response that impairs the growth of the developing fetus. Sequencing studies demonstrate the presence of organisms derived from the oral microbiome in the placenta, but DNA-based sequencing studies should not be the only technique to evaluate the placental microbiome because they may not detect important shifts in the metabolic capability of the microbiome. In humans, polymerase chain reaction and histology have detected periodontal pathogens in placental tissue in association with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conclude that both placental and oral microbiomes may play a role in periodontitis-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the measure to determine the association between periodontal pathogens in the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes should be the amount and prevalence, not the mere presence of such microorganisms. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens thus potentially represents the missing link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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82
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Lopez-Oliva I, de Pablo P, Dietrich T, Chapple I. Gums and joints: is there a connection? Part two: the biological link. Br Dent J 2019; 227:611-617. [PMID: 31605072 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD) are inflammatory diseases characterised by an exacerbated immune-inflammatory reaction that leads to the destruction of bone and other connective tissues that share numerous similarities. Although a significant and independent association between these two conditions has been described, the pathophysiological processes that may explain this relationship remain unknown and multiple theories have been proposed. This review presents the most important theories currently proposed to explain the biological link between RA and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lopez-Oliva
- Periodontal Research Group, Birmingham Dental School, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Paola de Pablo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- Periodontal Research Group, Birmingham Dental School, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Birmingham Dental School, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
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83
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Systemic inflammation linking chronic periodontitis to cognitive decline. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:63-73. [PMID: 31279681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation in the systemic immune system can impose detrimental effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation might be a result of this to accelerate the progressive deterioration of neuronal functions during aging. In this regard, controlling inflammation through delaying and/or preventing chronic inflammatory diseases may be a potential strategy to prevent or modify the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that is common among the elderly, especially for those who have decline in cognitive functions. While epidemiological findings support the association of chronic periodontitis and cognitive decline, whether they have causal relationship remains unclear. Nonetheless, the possibility that periodontopathogens, systemic immune cells and inflammatory cytokines could reach the CNS should not be overlooked. The impacts of periodontitis on CNS homeostasis and inflammation as a pathophysiological factor concerning the association between periodontitis and AD will be discussed in this review. Future work should elucidate the pathological pathways involved in periodontitis-induced cerebral infections and inflammation, and define the role of the latter in AD progression.
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84
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Chen J, Wu X, Zhu D, Xu M, Yu Y, Yu L, Zhang W. Microbiota in Human Periodontal Abscess Revealed by 16S rDNA Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1723. [PMID: 31417518 PMCID: PMC6682650 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal abscess is an oral infective disease caused by various kinds of bacteria. We aimed to characterize the microbiota composition of periodontal abscesses by metagenomic methods and compare it to that of the corresponding pocket and healthy gingival crevice to investigate the specific bacteria associated with this disease. Samples from abscess pus (AB), periodontal pocket coronally above the abscess (PO), and the gingival crevice of the periodontal healthy tooth were obtained from 20 periodontal abscess patients. Furthermore, healthy gingival crevice samples were obtained from 25 healthy individuals. Bacterial DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA gene fragments were sequenced to characterize the microbiota and determine taxonomic classification. The beta-diversity analysis results showed that the AB and PO groups had similar compositions. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and other Prevotella spp. were the predominant bacteria of human periodontal abscesses. The abundances of Filifactor alocis and Atopobium rimae were significantly higher in periodontal abscesses than in the periodontal pocket, suggesting their association with periodontal abscess formation. In conclusion, we characterized the microbiota in periodontal abscess and identified some species that are positively associated with this disease. This provides a better understanding of the components of periodontal abscesses, which will help facilitate the development of antibiotic therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwen Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danting Zhu
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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85
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Gomes AC, Hoffmann C, Mota JF. Gut microbiota is associated with adiposity markers and probiotics may impact specific genera. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1751-1762. [PMID: 31250099 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that restoring gut microbiota alterations with probiotics represents a potential clinical target for the treatment of gut microbiota-related diseases, such as obesity. Here, we apply 16S rDNA microbiota profiling to establish which bacteria in the human gut are associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, and to evaluate whether probiotic supplementation modulates gut microbiota. METHODS We evaluated the effects of a probiotic mixture (2 × 1010 CFU/day of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-14, Lactobacillus casei LC-11, Lactococcus lactis LL-23, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-06, and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-4) in 32 overweight or obese women in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, we characterized fecal samples and investigated the relationships between microbiome data and diet, body composition, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory profile. In addition, we characterized the degree of variation among fecal communities after the intervention. RESULTS BMI, weight, fat mass, lean mass, conicity index, protein intake, monounsaturated fat intake, glycated hemoglobin, TNF-α, and IL6/IL10 were significantly correlated with microbiome composition. The candidate division TM7 was strongly associated with all adiposity markers and Clostridiaceae associated negatively with TNF-α. The family Clostridiaceae increased and TM7 tended to decrease after the probiotic mixture supplementation. Subjects were clustered according to body composition, and a higher proportion of TM7 was observed in those with higher adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Ecosystem-wide analysis of probiotic use effects on the gut microbiota revealed a genera specific influence, and one of which (TM7) represents a promising novel target for obesity treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER U1111-1137-4566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Corado Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74.605-080, Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74.605-080, Brazil.
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86
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Lundmark A, Hu YOO, Huss M, Johannsen G, Andersson AF, Yucel-Lindberg T. Identification of Salivary Microbiota and Its Association With Host Inflammatory Mediators in Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:216. [PMID: 31281801 PMCID: PMC6598052 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a microbial-induced chronic inflammatory disease, which may not only result in tooth loss, but can also contribute to the development of various systemic diseases. The transition from healthy to diseased periodontium depends on microbial dysbiosis and impaired host immune response. Although periodontitis is a common disease as well as associated with various systemic inflammatory conditions, the taxonomic profiling of the salivary microbiota in periodontitis and its association with host immune and inflammatory mediators has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify key pathogens and their potential interaction with the host's inflammatory mediators in saliva samples for periodontitis risk assessment. The microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the levels of inflammatory mediators were performed in saliva samples from patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy control subjects. The salivary microbial community composition differed significantly between patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls. Our analyses identified a number of microbes, including bacteria assigned to Eubacterium saphenum, Tannerella forsythia, Filifactor alocis, Streptococcus mitis/parasanguinis, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella sp., Phocaeicola sp., and Fretibacterium sp. as more abundant in periodontitis, compared to healthy controls. In samples from healthy individuals, we identified Campylobacter concisus, and Veillonella sp. as more abundant. Integrative analysis of the microbiota and inflammatory mediators/cytokines revealed associations that included positive correlations between the pathogens Treponema sp. and Selenomas sp. and the cytokines chitinase 3-like 1, sIL-6Rα, sTNF-R1, and gp130/sIL-6Rβ. In addition, a negative correlation was identified between IL-10 and Filifactor alocis. Our results reveal distinct and disease-specific patterns of salivary microbial composition between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls, as well as significant correlations between microbiota and host-mediated inflammatory cytokines. The positive correlations between the pathogens Treponema sp. and Selenomas sp. and the cytokines chitinase 3-like 1, sIL-6Rα, sTNF-R1, and gp130/sIL-6Rβ might have the future potential to serve as a combined bacteria-host salivary biomarker panel for diagnosis of the chronic infectious disease periodontitis. However, further studies are required to determine the capacity of these microbes and inflammatory mediators as a salivary biomarker panel for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lundmark
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yue O O Hu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Huss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johannsen
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders F Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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87
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Fretibacterium sp. human oral taxon 360 is a novel biomarker for periodontitis screening in the Japanese population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218266. [PMID: 31216300 PMCID: PMC6584019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease, leading to bone destruction and tooth loss. Screening for periodontitis is important in preventing the progress of this disease. Various types of bacteria have been examined as potential screening targets, but only culturable pathogenic bacteria have been considered candidates. Recently, the various uncultivable bacteria have been identified in microbiome studies, but the value of these bacteria in periodontitis screening remains unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic use of uncultivable bacteria Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 and TM7 sp. HOT 356 for periodontitis screening in the Japanese population. Material and methods Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 217 participants (periodontitis group, n = 157; healthy group, n = 60). The two uncultivable bacterial species selected were: Fretibacterium sp. human oral taxon 360 (Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360) and TM7 sp. human oral taxon 356 (TM7 sp. HOT 356). The levels of these two bacterial species were compared with those of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone pathogen in periodontitis. These three species of bacteria were then quantified using qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with specific primers and Taqman probes. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 software. P value was statistically significant at .05. Results The populations of uncultivable bacterial species TM7 sp. HOT 356 and Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 were significantly higher in periodontitis group than in healthy group. Only Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 showed a significantly positive correlation with such periodontal parameters as probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Conclusion These findings indicate that uncultivable bacteria Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 can be used as a saliva-based diagnostic bacterial biomarker for periodontitis screening.
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Wu JS, Kuo CY, Wu JD. Prevotella denticola septic embolic cerebral infarction after difficult lower wisdom tooth extraction. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:426-427. [PMID: 31890133 PMCID: PMC6921114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Sheng Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chia Yi Christian Hospital, Chia Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chia Yi Christian Hospital, Chia Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Der Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chia Yi Christian Hospital, Chia Yi City, Taiwan
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89
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Dysbiosis and Variation in Predicted Functions of the Granulation Tissue Microbiome in HPV Positive and Negative Severe Chronic Periodontitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8163591. [PMID: 31111067 PMCID: PMC6487177 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8163591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective analysis has already shown correlation between severe Chronic Periodontitis (CP) cases with human papiloma virus (HPV). Hence, we aimed to explore deep-seated infected granulation tissue removed during periodontal flap surgery procedures for residential bacterial species between HPV+ and HVP- CP cases, which may serve as good predisposition marker for oral cancer. All CP-granulation samples showed the prominence of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla with an abundance of gram negative anaerobes, except Streptococcus. In Beta diversity nonmetric multidimensional scaling plot, the random distribution of species was observed between HPV+ and HPV- CP granulation-samples. However, an abundance of Capnocytophaga ochracea was observed in HPV+ CP samples (p<0.05), while Porphyromonas endodontalis, Macellibacteroides fermentas, Treponema phagedenis, and Campylobacter rectus species were highly abundant in HPV- CP samples (p<0.05). The differential species richness leads altered functions related to mismatch-repair and nucleotide excision-repair and cytoskeleton-proteins. Hence, differential abundance of gram negative bacterial species between HPV+ and HPV- granulation-samples under anaerobic conditions may release virulence factors which may alter pathways favouring carcinogenesis. Hence, these species may serve as good predisposition marker for oral-cancer.
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90
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91
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Bor B, Bedree JK, Shi W, McLean JS, He X. Saccharibacteria (TM7) in the Human Oral Microbiome. J Dent Res 2019; 98:500-509. [PMID: 30894042 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519831671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the Saccharibacteria phylum (formerly known as TM7) are ubiquitous members of the human oral microbiome and are part of the Candidate Phyla Radiation. Recent studies have revealed remarkable 16S rRNA diversity in environmental and mammalian host-associated members across this phylum, and their association with oral mucosal infectious diseases has been reported. However, due to their recalcitrance to conventional cultivation, TM7's physiology, lifestyle, and role in health and diseases remain elusive. The recent cultivation and characterization of Nanosynbacter lyticus type strain TM7x (HMT_952)-the first Saccharibacteria strain coisolated as an ultrasmall obligate parasite with its bacterial host from the human oral cavity-provide a rare glimpse into the novel symbiotic lifestyle of these enigmatic human-associated bacteria. TM7x is unique among all bacteria: it has an ultrasmall size and lives on the surface of its host bacterium. With a highly reduced genome, it lacks the ability to synthesize any of its own amino acids, vitamins, or cell wall precursors and must parasitize other oral bacteria. TM7x displays a highly dynamic interaction with its bacterial hosts, as reflected by the reciprocal morphologic and physiologic changes in both partners. Furthermore, depending on environmental conditions, TM7x can exhibit virulent killing of its host bacterium. Thus, Saccharibacteria potentially affect oral microbial ecology by modulating the oral microbiome structure hierarchy and functionality through affecting the bacterial host's physiology, inhibiting the host's growth dynamics, or affecting the relative abundance of the host via direct killing. At this time, several other uncharacterized members of this phylum have been detected in various human body sites at high prevalence. In the oral cavity alone, at least 6 distinct groups vary widely in relative abundance across anatomic sites. Here, we review the current knowledge on the diversity and unique biology of this recently uncovered group of ultrasmall bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bor
- 1 The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,2 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J K Bedree
- 1 The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,3 Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Shi
- 1 The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J S McLean
- 4 Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - X He
- 1 The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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92
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Benabdelkader S, Andreani J, Gillet A, Terrer E, Pignoly M, Chaudet H, Aboudharam G, La Scola B. Specific clones of Trichomonas tenax are associated with periodontitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213338. [PMID: 30856220 PMCID: PMC6411126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas tenax, an anaerobic protist difficult to cultivate with an unreliable molecular identification, has been suspected of involvement in periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory dental disease affecting the soft tissue and bone of periodontium. A cohort of 106 periodontitis patients classified by stages of severity and 85 healthy adult control patients was constituted. An efficient culture protocol, a new identification tool by real-time qPCR of T. tenax and a Multi-Locus Sequence Typing system (MLST) based on T. tenax NIH4 reference strain were created. Fifty-three strains of Trichomonas sp. were obtained from periodontal samples. 37/106 (34.90%) T. tenax from patients with periodontitis and 16/85 (18.80%°) T. tenax from control patients were detected by culture (p = 0.018). Sixty of the 191 samples were tested positive for T. tenax by qPCR, 24/85 (28%) controls and 36/106 (34%) periodontitis patients (p = 0.089). By combining both results, 45/106 (42.5%) patients were positive by culture and/or PCR, as compared to 24/85 (28.2%) controls (p = 0.042). A link was established between the carriage in patients of Trichomonas tenax and the severity of the disease. Genotyping demonstrates the presence of strain diversity with three major different clusters and a relation between disease strains and the periodontitis severity (p<0.05). More frequently detected in periodontal cases, T. tenax is likely to be related to the onset or/and evolution of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Benabdelkader
- Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Andreani
- Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Gillet
- UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Terrer
- Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Pignoly
- UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Herve Chaudet
- Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Gerard Aboudharam
- Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Cui X, Liu J, Xiao W, Chu Y, Ouyang X. Subgingival microbiome in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:92-99. [PMID: 30909081 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to profile the subgingival microbiome of Chinese adults with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) using human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM), and to compare the results with matched periodontal healthy controls. DESIGN 15 subjects with GAgP and 15 age- and gender- matched periodontal healthy controls were included. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest pockets of patients with GAgP and matched sites in controls and then analyzed by 16S rRNA-based microarrays. Student's paired t-test was used to compare clinical parameters and mean number of bacterial taxa detected between the two groups. Fisher's exact probability test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum were used to compare bacterial species between all samples. A multiple linear regression model was used for correlations among age, gender and bacterial with clinical parameters. RESULTS From a total sum of 379 strains tested, 171 bacterial strains were detected from subgingival plaques of the GAgP patients, more than the 157 strains detected in control group. Mean number of subgingival bacterial taxa detected in GAgP group was 68 (SD = 21.06) while in control group was 45 (SD = 21.60). 47 bacterial taxa were detected more frequently in GAgP group while 12 taxa were more prevalent in control group. The significantly more prevalent and abundant taxa of bacteria in GAgP group included Filifactor alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromon as endodontalis, Peptostreptococcaceae spp., Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum and Eubacterium saphenum. Meanwhile the more abundant taxa in control group were Streptococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS There are more taxa of bacteria in subgingival plaques of Chinese patients with GAgP than in healthy controls. F. alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., P. gingivalis and T. forsythia are strongly associated with GAgP. High-throughout microbiological results may help dentists have a better understanding of subgingival microbiome of GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Cui
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmei Xiao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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94
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Benner M, Ferwerda G, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. How uterine microbiota might be responsible for a receptive, fertile endometrium. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:393-415. [PMID: 29668899 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertility depends on a receptive state of the endometrium, influenced by hormonal and anatomical adaptations, as well as the immune system. Local and systemic immunity is greatly influenced by microbiota. Recent discoveries of 16S rRNA in the endometrium and the ability to detect low-biomass microbiota fueled the notion that the uterus may be indeed a non-sterile compartment. To date, the concept of the 'sterile womb' focuses on in utero effects of microbiota on offspring and neonatal immunity. However, little awareness has been raised regarding the importance of uterine microbiota for endometrial physiology in reproductive health; manifested in fertility and placentation. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Commensal colonization of the uterus has been widely discussed in the literature. The objective of this review is to outline the possible importance of this uterine colonization for a healthy, fertile uterus. We present the available evidence regarding uterine microbiota, focusing on recent findings based on 16S rRNA, and depict the possible importance of uterine colonization for a receptive endometrium. We highlight a possible role of uterine microbiota for host immunity and tissue adaptation, as well as conferring protection against pathogens. Based on knowledge of the interaction of the mucosal immune cells of the gut with the local microbiome, we want to investigate the potential implications of commensal colonization for uterine health. SEARCH METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles in English indexed from 1 January 2008 to 1 March 2018 for '16S rRNA', 'uterus' and related search terms to assess available evidence on uterine microbiome analysis. A manual search of the references within the resulting articles was performed. To investigate possible functional contributions of uterine microbiota to health, studies on microbiota of other body sites were additionally assessed. OUTCOMES Challenging the view of a sterile uterus is in its infancy and, to date, no conclusions on a 'core uterine microbiome' can be drawn. Nevertheless, evidence for certain microbiota and/or associated compounds in the uterus accumulates. The presence of microbiota or their constituent molecules, such as polysaccharide A of the Bacteroides fragilis capsule, go together with healthy physiological function. Lessons learned from the gut microbiome suggest that the microbiota of the uterus may potentially modulate immune cell subsets needed for implantation and have implications for tissue morphology. Microbiota can also be crucial in protection against uterine infections by defending their niche and competing with pathogens. Our review highlights the need for well-designed studies on a 'baseline' microbial state of the uterus representing the optimal starting point for implantation and subsequent placenta formation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The complex interplay of processes and cells involved in healthy pregnancy is still poorly understood. The correct receptive endometrial state, including the local immune environment, is crucial not only for fertility but also placenta formation since initiation of placentation highly depends on interaction with immune cells. Implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other pathologies of endometrium and placenta, such as pre-eclampsia, represent an increasing societal burden. More robust studies are needed to investigate uterine colonization. Based on current data, future research needs to include the uterine microbiome as a relevant factor in order to understand the players needed for healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Benner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Rezazadeh F, Ghapanchi J, Emami A, Shakibasefat H, Pirbonyeh N. Isolation of Enterococcus faecalis in the saliva samples of patient candidates for liver transplantation. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.266091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Miralda I, Vashishta A, Uriarte SM. Neutrophil Interaction with Emerging Oral Pathogens: A Novel View of the Disease Paradigm. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1197:165-178. [PMID: 31732941 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory infectious disease that compromises the integrity of tooth-supporting tissues. The disease progression depends on the disruption of host-microbe homeostasis in the periodontal tissue. This disruption is marked by a shift in the composition of the polymicrobial oral community from a symbiotic to a dysbiotic, more complex community that is capable of evading killing while promoting inflammation. Neutrophils are the main phagocytic cell in the periodontal pocket, and the outcome of the interaction with the oral microbiota is an important determinant of oral health. Novel culture-independent techniques have facilitated the identification of new bacterial species at periodontal lesions and induced a reappraisal of the microbial etiology of periodontitis. In this chapter, we discuss how neutrophils interact with two emerging oral pathogens, Filifactor alocis and Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, and the different strategies deploy by these organisms to modulate neutrophil effector functions, with the goal to outline a new paradigm in our knowledge about neutrophil responses to putative periodontal pathogens and their contribution to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruna Vashishta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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97
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Rezaei Esfahrood Z, Yadegari Z, Veysari SK, Kadkhodazadeh M. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of sclerostin in chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 44:289-292. [PMID: 30637243 PMCID: PMC6327015 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.6.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that causes destruction of periodontal tissues and bone around the teeth. Sclerostin is a protein encoded by the SOST gene. In this study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of sclerostin in patients with chronic periodontitis were compared with those of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, a total of 40 subjects were enrolled and divided into the healthy group (n=23) and chronic periodontitis group (n=17). GCF samples were collected, and the concentration of sclerostin was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparison of significance between groups was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results Sclerostin concentration was significantly higher in the chronic periodontitis group compared with the healthy group (P<0.005). Conclusion Despite the limitations of this study, sclerostin can be a possible marker for assessment of periodontal health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rezaei Esfahrood
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yadegari
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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98
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Cieplik F, Zaura E, Brandt BW, Buijs MJ, Buchalla W, Crielaard W, Laine ML, Deng DM, Exterkate RAM. Microcosm biofilms cultured from different oral niches in periodontitis patients. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 11:1551596. [PMID: 30598734 PMCID: PMC6263112 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2018.1551596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Periodontal diseases are triggered by dysbiotic microbial biofilms. Therefore, it is essential to develop appropriate biofilm models. Aim of the present study was to culture microcosm biofilms inoculated from different niches in periodontitis patients and compare their microbial composition to those inoculated from subgingival plaque. Methods: Saliva, subgingival plaque, tongue and tonsils were sampled in five periodontitis patients to serve as inocula for culturing biofilms in vitro in an active attachment model. Biofilms were grown for 14 or 28 d and analyzed for their microbial composition by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: As classified by HOMD, all biofilms were dominated by periodontitis-associated taxa, irrespective which niche had been used for inoculation. There was a low similarity between 14 d biofilms and their respective inocula (Bray-Curtis similarity 0.26), while biofilms cultured for 14 and 28 d shared high similarity (0.69). Principal components analysis showed much stronger clustering per patient than per niche indicating that the choice of patients may be more crucial than choice of the respective niches in these patients. Conclusion: Saliva, tongue scrapings or tonsil swabs may represent sufficient alternative inocula for growing microcosm biofilms resembling periodontitis-associated microbial communities in cases when sampling subgingival plaque is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A M Exterkate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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99
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Mahalakshmi K, Krishnan P, Chandrasekaran SC. Detection of Tannerella forsythia bspA and prtH genotypes among periodontitis patients and healthy subjects-A case-Control study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:178-181. [PMID: 30268559 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T. forsythia a gram negative, anaerobe inhabits the mature biofilm present at sites expressing progressive periodontitis. It is a part of "red complex" group which contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The BspA protein and prtH gene encoded cysteine protease play a vital role in the virulence of T. forsythia. The present study aims to detect the two genotypes (bspA and prtH) in periodontitis and healthy subjects. MATERIALS & METHOD Subgingival plaque samples were collected from periodontitis patients and healthy subjects (Chronic Periodontitis n = 128, Aggressive Periodontitis n = 72, healthy subjects n = 200). The samples were screened for the presence of T. forsythia 16S rRNA, bspA and prtH genotypes by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The prevalence of the genotypes between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects was compared with Pearson's Chi-square test. A P value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence for T. forsythia in Chronic Periodontitis (n = 128), Aggressive Periodontitis (n = 72) and health (n = 200) was 73.4%, 59.7% and 10.5% respectively. The prevalence of T.forsythia bspA/prtH genotypes was 81.90%/43.60%, 88.40%/53.50% and 33.30%/14.3% in Chronic Periodontitis, aggressive Periodontitis and health respectively. Compared to healthy subjects, the odds of detecting T.forsythia 16S rRNA was 18.53 times high in individuals with periodontitis (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The high odds ratio of T.forsythia 16S rRNA among periodontitis strongly suggests its role in periodontitis. In addition, the high prevalence of T. forsythia bspA genotype among Chronic Periodontitis signifies it as a useful marker for chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Mahalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Research Lab for Oral -Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Velachery, Tambaram Road, Chennai, 600100, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Padma Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S C Chandrasekaran
- Department of Periodontology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamilnadu, India.
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100
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Bedree JK, Bor B, Cen L, Edlund A, Lux R, McLean JS, Shi W, He X. Quorum Sensing Modulates the Epibiotic-Parasitic Relationship Between Actinomyces odontolyticus and Its Saccharibacteria epibiont, a Nanosynbacter lyticus Strain, TM7x. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2049. [PMID: 30319555 PMCID: PMC6166536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultra-small, obligate parasitic epibiont, TM7x, the first and only current member of the long-elusive Saccharibacteria (formerly the TM7 phylum) phylum to be cultivated, was isolated in co-culture with its bacterial host, Actinomyces odontolyticus subspecies actinosynbacter, XH001. Initial phenotypic characterization of the TM7x-associated XH001 co-culture revealed enhanced biofilm formation in the presence of TM7x compared to XH001 as monoculture. Genomic analysis and previously published transcriptomic profiling of XH001 also revealed the presence of a putative AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) operon, which was highly upregulated upon association of TM7x with XH001. This analysis revealed that the most highly induced gene in XH001 was an lsrB ortholog, which encodes a putative periplasmic binding protein for the auto inducer (AI)-2 QS signaling molecule. Further genomic analyses suggested the lsrB operon in XH001 is a putative hybrid AI-2/ribose transport operon as well as the existence of a luxS ortholog, which encodes the AI-2 synthase. In this study, the potential role of AI-2 QS in the epibiotic-parasitic relationship between XH001 and TM7x in the context of biofilm formation was investigated. A genetic system for XH001 was developed to generate lsrB and luxS gene deletion mutants in XH001. Phenotypic characterization demonstrated that deletion mutations in either lsrB or luxS did not affect XH001's growth dynamic, mono-species biofilm formation capability, nor its ability to associate with TM7x. TM7x association with XH001 induced lsrB gene expression in a luxS-dependent manner. Intriguingly, unlike wild type XH001, which displayed significantly increased biofilm formation upon establishing the epibiotic-parasitic relationship with TM7x, XH001ΔlsrB, and XH001ΔluxS mutants failed to achieve enhanced biofilm formation when associated with TM7x. In conclusion, we demonstrated a significant role for AI-2 QS in modulating dual-species biofilm formation when XH001 and TM7x establish their epibiotic-parasitic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Bedree
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Batbileg Bor
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lujia Cen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anna Edlund
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Renate Lux
- Section of Periodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey S McLean
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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