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Ferreira de Almeida TL, Petarli GB, Cattafesta M, Zandonade E, Bezerra OMDPA, Tristão KG, Salaroli LB. Association of Selenium Intake and Development of Depression in Brazilian Farmers. Front Nutr 2021; 8:671377. [PMID: 34095192 PMCID: PMC8173156 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.671377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Depression and deficiency in the consumption of micronutrients are a public health problem, especially in the rural population. The deficiency in selenium consumption affects mental health, contributing to the development of major depressive disorders. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate selenium intake and its association with depressive symptoms in farmers in southeastern Brazil. Material and Methods: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study with 736 farmers aged between 18 and 59. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical condition data. For evaluation of food intake, three 24-h recalls were applied, and for identification of depressive episodes, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was conducted. Results: A total of 16.1% (n = 119) of the farmers presented symptoms of major depressive episodes, 5.8% (n = 43) presented symptoms of current depressive episodes, and 10.3% (n = 76) presented symptoms of recurrent major depressive episodes. Sociodemographic factors associated with depression were gender (p < 0.001), marital status (p = 0.004), and socioeconomic class (p = 0.015). The consumption of high doses of selenium was associated with a reduction of ~54% in the chances of occurrence of depression (OR = 0.461; 95% CI = 0.236–0.901). Conclusion: High selenium intake is associated with a lower prevalence of depression even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and pesticide intoxication. The findings of this study contributed to highlighting the high prevalence of depression in rural areas and its relationship with selenium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenda Blaser Petarli
- Clinical Nutrition Unit of the Cassiano Antonio Moraes Hospital (HUCAM) of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Monica Cattafesta
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Department of Statistics and the Graduate Program in Collective Health at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Górska N, Cubała WJ, Słupski J, Wiglusz MS, Gałuszko-Węgielnik M, Kawka M, Grzegorzewska A. Magnesium in Ketamine Administration in Treatment-Resistant Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050430. [PMID: 34063604 PMCID: PMC8147622 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between depression and magnesium levels is reported. This observational study examined whether serum magnesium concentration change over time of ketamine treatment course, also whether association between magnesium concentrations and treatment response measured with Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score occurs. Moreover, interlink between changes in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score, somatic comorbidities, and magnesium concentration was studied. Inpatients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder were rated weekly by clinician using MADRS and YMRS. Magnesium levels assessments were carried out weekly, before start of ketamine treatment and then every second infusion and one week after last ketamine infusion. The concentration of Mg2+ ions differs depending on the measurement. The Mg2+ concentration in pre-measurement was significantly higher than in measurement after five infusions (p = 0.031) and after seven infusions (p = 0.003). No significant correlation was observed between changes in magnesium serum levels and MADRS or YMRS. The concentration of Mg2+ ion in course of the treatment was not associated with somatic comorbidities. The study supports data for role of magnesium in treatment-resistant depression, particularly related to ketamine treatment, but provides no clear evidence of straightforward association between magnesium serum concentration and treatment response or comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mateusz Kawka
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-26-50; Fax: +48-58-349-27-48
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Jahan I, Islam MR, Islam MR, Ali R, Rahman SMM, Nahar Z, Hasnat A, Islam MS. Altered serum elements, antioxidants, MDA, and immunoglobulins are associated with an increased risk of seborrheic dermatitis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06621. [PMID: 33855245 PMCID: PMC8027277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exact mechanism for the pathophysiology of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) remains unknown. According to past knowledge, neuropsychiatric disorders, weak immune responses, fungal infections, antioxidants deficiencies, and inadequate nutrition might involve in SD. Here we evaluated serum trace elements, micronutrients, antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunoglobulins in SD patients. Methods This case-control study recruited 75 SD patients and 76 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We measured serum micronutrients using atomic absorption spectroscopic methods. Similarly, we assessed serum antioxidants applying the RP-HPLC techniques. Also, serum MDA and immunoglobulins levels were evaluated by UV-spectrophotometric and turbidimetric methods, respectively. Results We observed higher serum levels of copper, manganese, iron, calcium, magnesium, and MDA in SD patients than HCs. Together with vitamin E, we noticed lower serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, G, and M in SD patients than HCs. The present study detected a positive correlation between serum zinc and calcium levels (r = 0.365, p = 0.009) in SD patients. However, we identified a negative correlation between serum copper and calcium levels (r = -0.298, p = 0.035). Conclusion The present study suggests that the altered levels of micronutrients, antioxidants, MDA, and immunoglobulins are associated with the pathophysiology of SD. These changes may not be the cause but the consequences of the disease. These findings might help to understand the etiopathology and management of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reazul Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaiya Ali
- Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - S M Matiur Rahman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ad-din Women's Medical College Hospital, 2 Bara Maghbazar Outer Circular Road, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hasnat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Effects of quercetin on the alterations of serum elements in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressed rats. Biometals 2021; 34:589-602. [PMID: 33745087 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious psychiatric disorder, but current conventional antidepressants have limited efficacy and significant side effects. Thus, better antidepressants are urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects and potential mechanism of quercetin by evaluating the changes of serum elements in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. Based on the results of the sucrose preference test (SPT), 96 rats were randomly assigned to six groups: control, different dosages of quercetin (10 and 50 mg/kg·bw, respectively), depressed, and different dosages quercetin plus depressed groups. After 8 weeks of CUMS modeling, rat serum was collected. Fifteen elements in serum were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and related enzyme indicators, antioxidant indicators, and inflammatory cytokines were detected to further explore the potential mechanism. Besides, the accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated. The results showed that the levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and calcium (Ca) in serum significantly increased (p ≤ 0.001), while the levels of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and cobalt (Co) significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in depressed group compared with the control group. The levels of the remaining eight elements did not change significantly. When high-dose quercetin was administered to depressed rats, the levels of the above seven elements significantly restored (p ≤ 0.001). This study suggests that quercetin (50 mg/kg·bw) has a regulatory effect on serum elements in CUMS rats, which may be mediated by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, and regulating a variety of neurotransmitter systems.
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Riya S, Sultana S, Daria S, Proma MA, Bhuiyan MA, Haque MA, Islam MR. Evaluation of Serum Lysophosphatidic Acid and Lysophosphatidylcholine Levels in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e12388. [PMID: 33542861 PMCID: PMC7849208 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition featured with a continuous low mood, feeling of sadness, lack of interest to perform daily activities. Genetic, physiological, biological, social, and environmental factors are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Though several human studies failed to identify the suitable biological markers for depression, some animal studies showed phospholipids play a vital role in the alteration of emotion. Thus, the current study aimed to measure the serum levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) to explore their roles and relationship with depression. Methods This case-control study enrolled 53 MDD patients and 50 HCs matched by age, gender, and body mass index. Based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition, a qualified psychiatrist diagnosed patients and assessed HCs. We applied the Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) to measure the severity of depression. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to measure serum lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine levels. Results We found no alterations of these parameters in serum levels of MDD patients compared to HCs. We also observed a significant positive correlation between LPA and LPC levels in MDD patients. Moreover, the present study showed no significant associations between target markers and either diagnosis of depression or Ham-D scores, or management of depression. Conclusion The present study suggests that LPA and LPC levels probably would not serve as potential biomarkers of MDD. Thus, we recommend further studies with large and more homogeneous populations to explore the exact relationship between serum lipids and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaia Riya
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Maliha A Proma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
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Copper Concentrations in Ketamine Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120971. [PMID: 33322475 PMCID: PMC7764151 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in serum copper concentration are observed in patients with depressive symptoms. Unmet needs in contemporary antidepressant treatment have increased interest in non-monoaminergic antidepressants, such as ketamine, an anaesthetic drug that has demonstrated a rapid antidepressant effect in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The purpose of this study was to examine whether serum copper concentrations change during ketamine treatment and whether there is an association between the copper concentrations and treatment response measured using psychometric scale scores. Moreover, the interlink between somatic comorbidities and copper concentration was studied. Patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder were rated weekly by a clinician using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Copper level assessments were carried out weekly before the start of ketamine treatment and then after every second infusion and one week after the last ketamine infusion. The serum concentration of copper before ketamine treatment was significantly higher than that after the fifth infusion (p = 0.016), and the serum concentration after the treatment was significantly higher than that after the fifth infusion (p = 0.048). No significant correlations between changes in the copper serum concentrations and MADRS or YMRS were found. The serum copper level was not associated with somatic comorbidities during the course of treatment. This study provides data on the role of copper in short-term intravenous ketamine treatment in TRD, although no clear evidence of a connection between the copper level and treatment response was found.
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Hamazaki K, Matsumura K, Tsuchida A, Kasamatsu H, Tanaka T, Ito M, Inadera H. Dietary intake of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of postpartum depression: a nationwide longitudinal study - the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Psychol Med 2020; 50:2416-2424. [PMID: 31535610 PMCID: PMC7610183 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women require increased levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) due to the demands of the growing fetus. Although some evidence indicates that maternal intake of fish and n-3 PUFAs is associated with reduced risk of postpartum depression, the results are inconsistent. METHODS We investigated whether dietary consumption of fish and/or n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of maternal postpartum depression at 6 months after delivery and of serious mental illness at 1 year in a Japanese population. After exclusion and multiple imputation from a dataset comprising 103 062 pregnancies obtained in the Japan Environment and Children's Study, we evaluated 84 181 and 81 924 women at 6 months and 1 year after delivery, respectively. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression showed a reduced risk of postpartum depression at 6 months in the second to fifth quintiles v. the lowest quintile for fish and n-3 PUFA intake, with trend tests also revealing a significant linear association. At 1 year after delivery, fish intake was associated with a reduced risk of serious mental illness in the second to fifth quintiles v. the lowest quintile for fish and in the third to fifth quintiles v. the lowest quintile for n-3 PUFA intake, with trend tests also revealing a significant linear association. CONCLUSIONS Women with higher fish and/or n-3 PUFA intake showed reduced risk of postpartum depression at 6 months after delivery and of serious mental illness at 1 year after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsuchida
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruka Kasamatsu
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanaka
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Sahin Z, Ozkurkculer A, Kalkan OF, Ozkaya A, Koc A, Koca RO, Solak H, Gormus ZIS, Kutlu S. Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:349-356. [PMID: 32954971 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Ozkurkculer
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Kalkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Aynur Koc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Raviye Ozen Koca
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Solak
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Selim Kutlu
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Iron Aggravates the Depressive Phenotype of Stressed Mice by Compromising the Glymphatic System. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1542-1546. [PMID: 32578069 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Islam MR, Ali S, Karmoker JR, Kadir MF, Ahmed MU, Nahar Z, Islam SMA, Islam MS, Hasnat A, Islam MS. Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:333. [PMID: 32580709 PMCID: PMC7315550 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alterations of biological markers are thought to be effective tools to understand the pathophysiology and management of major depressive disorder (MDD). A lot of researches has implied many markers for depression, but any of them fully discovered the association between the markers and depression. The present study investigated the serum levels of amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in major depression, and also explained their association with depression. METHODS This study examined 247 MDD patients and 248 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) was used to all the participants to measure the severity of depression. Quantification of serum amino acids, vitamin A and E were carried out using the HPLC system whereas vitamin C levels were measured by UV-spectrophotometer. All the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). The independent sample t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Fisher's exact test were applied to detect the group differences where a Bonferroni correction applied to the p value. RESULTS It was observed that serum levels of four amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) along with three non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, E, and C) were significantly dropped in MDD patients compared to HCs (Cohen's d (d): - 0.45, - 0.50, - 0.68, - 0.21, - 0.27, - 0.65, and - 0.24, respectively). Furthermore, Ham-D scores of cases were negatively correlated with serum levels of methionine (r = - 0.155, p = 0.015) and tyrosine (r = - 0.172, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that lowered serum methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and non-enzymatic antioxidants are associated with depression. The reduction of these parameters in MDD patients may be the consequence, and not the cause, of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh ,grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Samia Ali
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - James Regun Karmoker
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Fahim Kadir
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Maizbha Uddin Ahmed
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Sardar Mohammad Ashraful Islam
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- grid.449503.f0000 0004 1798 7083Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur Noakhali, 3814 Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hasnat
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Boscutti A, Viscardi B, Brambilla P. The Role and the Effect of Magnesium in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061661. [PMID: 32503201 PMCID: PMC7352515 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Magnesium is an essential cation involved in many functions within the central nervous system, including transmission and intracellular signal transduction. Several studies have shown its usefulness in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, it seems that magnesium levels are lowered in the course of several mental disorders, especially depression. Objectives: In this study, we wish to evaluate the presence of a relationship between the levels of magnesium and the presence of psychiatric pathology as well as the effectiveness of magnesium as a therapeutic supplementation. Methods: A systematic search of scientific records concerning magnesium in psychiatric disorders published from 2010 up to March 2020 was performed. We collected a total of 32 articles: 18 on Depressive Disorders (DD), four on Anxiety Disorders (AD), four on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), three on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), one on Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD), one on Schizophrenia (SCZ) and one on Eating Disorders (ED). Results: Twelve studies highlighted mainly positive results in depressive symptoms. Seven showed a significant correlation between reduced plasma magnesium values and depression measured with psychometric scales. Two papers reported improved depressive symptoms after magnesium intake, two in association with antidepressants, compared to controls. No significant association between magnesium serum levels and panic or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) patients, in two distinct papers, was found. In two other papers, a reduced Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score in depressed patients correlated with higher levels of magnesium and beneficial levels of magnesium in stressed patients was found. Two papers reported low levels of magnesium in association with ADHD. Only one of three papers showed lower levels of magnesium in ASD. ED and SCZ reported a variation in magnesium levels in some aspects of the disease. Conclusion: The results are not univocal, both in terms of the plasma levels and of therapeutic effects. However, from the available evidence, it emerged that supplementation with magnesium could be beneficial. Therefore, it is necessary to design ad hoc clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium alone or together with other drugs (antidepressants) in order to establish the correct use of this cation with potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Botturi
- Neurologic Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Bianca Viscardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Jentsch MC, Burger H, Meddens MBM, Beijers L, van den Heuvel ER, Meddens MJM, Schoevers RA. Gender Differences in Developing Biomarker-Based Major Depressive Disorder Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093039. [PMID: 32344909 PMCID: PMC7246841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) holds great promise to develop an objective laboratory test. However, current biomarkers lack discriminative power due to the complex biological background, and not much is known about the influence of potential modifiers such as gender. We first performed a cross-sectional study on the discriminative power of biomarkers for MDD by investigating gender differences in biomarker levels. Out of 28 biomarkers, 21 biomarkers were significantly different between genders. Second, a novel statistical approach was applied to investigate the effect of gender on MDD disease classification using a panel of biomarkers. Eleven biomarkers were identified in men and eight in women, three of which were active in both genders. Gender stratification caused a (non-significant) increase of Area Under Curve (AUC) for men (AUC = 0.806) and women (AUC = 0.807) compared to non-stratification (AUC = 0.739). In conclusion, we have shown that there are differences in biomarker levels between men and women which may impact accurate disease classification of MDD when gender is not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike C. Jentsch
- Brainscan BV, 7418 AH Deventer, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.C.J.); (R.A.S.); Tel.: +31-62-874-6151 (M.C.J); Tel.: +31-50-361-2065 (R.A.S.)
| | - Huibert Burger
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lian Beijers
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin R. van den Heuvel
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert A. Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.C.J.); (R.A.S.); Tel.: +31-62-874-6151 (M.C.J); Tel.: +31-50-361-2065 (R.A.S.)
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Liu X, Zhong S, Li Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Lai S, Miao H, Jia Y. Serum copper and zinc levels correlate with biochemical metabolite ratios in the prefrontal cortex and lentiform nucleus of patients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109828. [PMID: 31778759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that copper and zinc metabolism are associated with the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Abnormal copper and zinc levels may be related to neurotransmission and biochemical metabolism in the brains of MDD patients, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and lentiform nucleus (LN). However, the mechanism of how copper and zinc levels contribute to neural metabolism in MDD patients remains to be deciphered. This study aimed to correlate copper and zinc levels with biochemical metabolite ratios in the PFC and LN of MDD patients. METHOD Twenty-nine MDD patients and thirty-two healthy control (HC) volunteers were enrolled in this study. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to determine the levels of the N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr) in the brain, and specifically in the PFC and LN regions. Serum copper and zinc levels were measured using atomic emission spectrometry (AES). Afterwards, copper and zinc levels were correlated with biochemical metabolite ratios in the PFC and LN regions of the brain. RESULTS Higher serum copper and lower serum zinc levels with higher copper/zinc ratios were observed in MDD patients. NAA/Cr ratios in the PFC of MDD patients were lower compared to HC volunteers. In MDD patients, serum copper levels were negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratios in the right PFC and right LN, while copper/zinc ratios were negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratios in the right LN. No significant differences in serum copper and zinc levels with NAA/Cr ratios in the left PFC and left LN were observed in MDD patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that higher serum copper and lower serum zinc levels may contribute to neuronal impairment by affecting neuronal biochemical metabolite ratios in the right PFC and right LN of MDD patients. Abnormal copper and zinc levels may play an important role in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhinan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | | | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Abou-Hashem RM, Shaat MM, Hamza SA, Mahmoud NH, Ali SM. The Relationship between Trace Elements and Depression among Older Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Twayej AJ, Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Dujaili AH, Maes M. Lowered zinc and copper levels in drug-naïve patients with major depression: Effects of antidepressants, ketoprofen and immune activation. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:127-138. [PMID: 31062629 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1612090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present work is to examine the effects of treatment with sertraline with and without ketoprofen on serum levels of zinc and copper in association with immune-inflammatory biomarkers in drug-naïve major depressed patients.Methods: We measured serum zinc and copper, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, interferon-γ, and transforming growth factor-β1 in 40 controls and 133 depressed patients. The clinical efficacy of the treatment was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at baseline and 8 weeks later.Results: We found significantly reduced serum zinc and copper in association with upregulation of all cytokines, indicating activation of the immune-inflammatory responses system (IRS) and the compensatory immune regulatory system (CIRS). Treatment with sertraline significantly increased zinc and decreased copper. During treatment, there was a significant inverse association between serum zinc and immune activation. The improvement in the BDI-II during treatment was significantly associated with increments in serum zinc coupled with attenuation of the IRS/CIRS.Conclusions: Lower zinc is a hallmark of depression, while increments in serum zinc and attenuation of the immune-inflammatory response during treatment appear to play a role in the clinical efficacy of sertraline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jasim Twayej
- Pathological Analysis Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Kafeel University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Serum Concentrations of Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus and Trace Minerals in Adults and Children with Haemophilia A: Association with Disease Severity, Quality of Life, Joint Health and Functional Status. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2020; 14:56-71. [PMID: 32337015 PMCID: PMC7167607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background : To investigate the serum levels of 25(OH)D and minerals in adults and children with haemophilia A, and the possible association of these factors with Pediatric Haemophilia/Haemophilia Activities List (PedHAL/HAL), Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and Haemophilia-specific quality of life (QoL) index this case-control study was conducted. Materials and Methods: Eighty five haemophilia A patients (HP) registered in Hemophilia Society of Lorestan province were recruited. Along with HP, sex and age matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Linear regression was used to evaluate the possible relation between biochemical factors and other variables. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the biochemical factors between three or more independent groups. Results: Results indicated that serum zinc, phosphorus and magnesium were significantly lower, whereas, serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was statistically higher in HP compared with HCs. Other biochemical factors including calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were not different between groups. Serum 25(OH) D was lower only in children with haemophilia and not in adults. Percentage of subjects who were vitamin D deficient was higher in HP vs. HCs (57.6% vs. 35.3%), and also this rate was higher in children with haemophilia vs. adults (77.8% vs. 48.3%). Lower serum concentrations of assessed minerals and vitamin D were associated with lower physical activity, poor QoL and worst joint health, and these associations were stronger in children. Conclusion: Present study indicated that serum levels of vitamin D and minerals were low in HP, and these low levels were associated with poor QoL, lower physical activity and worst joint health.
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Anjum S, Qusar MMAS, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Altered serum interleukin-7 and interleukin-10 are associated with drug-free major depressive disorder. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320916655. [PMID: 32435448 PMCID: PMC7225792 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320916655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal expression of inflammatory cytokines in major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests the activation of an inflammatory process. The pattern of alterations in cytokine levels is still ambiguous. The present study aimed to evaluate interleukin-7 (IL-7) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) for their involvement in the pathophysiology of MDD and determine their relationships with depression risk. METHODS The study included 166 medication-free subjects: 84 MDD patients and 82 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). A qualified psychiatrist diagnosed patients and evaluated controls based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) was used to measure the severity of depression in MDD patients. Serum IL-7 and IL-10 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the serum levels of IL-7 were significantly decreased, whereas that of IL-10 increased in MDD patients. Moreover, the severity of depression is correlated with the altered levels of IL-7 and IL-10 in MDD patients. We found a negative correlation between IL-7 and Hamilton depression rating (Ham-D) scores (r = -0.580, p < 0.05), whereas there was a positive correlation between IL-10 and Ham-D scores (r = 0.555, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The altered levels of serum IL-7 and IL-10 in MDD patients may represent a homeostatic mechanism that enhances the inflammatory process during depression. The alterations of these cytokine levels in MDD and their association with the severity of depression support them as promising, but there may still be controversial factors for understanding the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh
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Ijomone OM, Aluko OM, Okoh COA, Martins AC, Aschner M. Role for calcium signaling in manganese neurotoxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:146-155. [PMID: 31470248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential macronutrient that is involved in many cellular processes. Homeostatic control of intracellular levels of calcium ions [Ca2+] is vital to maintaining cellular structure and function. Several signaling molecules are involved in regulating Ca2+ levels in cells and perturbation of calcium signaling processes is implicated in several neurodegenerative and neurologic conditions. Manganese [Mn] is a metal which is essential for basic physiological functions. However, overexposure to Mn from environmental contamination and workplace hazards is a global concern. Mn overexposure leads to its accumulation in several human organs particularly the brain. Mn accumulation in the brain results in a manganism, a Parkinsonian-like syndrome. Additionally, Mn is a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mn neurotoxicity also affects several neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic. The mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still being elucidated. AIM The review will highlight a potential role for calcium signaling molecules in the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION Ca2+ regulation influences the neurodegenerative process and there is possible role for perturbed calcium signaling in Mn neurotoxicity. Mechanisms implicated in Mn-induced neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, generation of free radicals, and apoptosis. These are influenced by mitochondrial integrity which can be dependent on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Nevertheless, further elucidation of the direct effects of calcium signaling dysfunction and calcium-binding proteins activities in Mn neurotoxicity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Darroudi S, Abolbashari S, Ahangari N, Tayefi M, Khashyarmanesh Z, Zamani P, Haghighi HM, Mohammadpour AH, Tavalaei S, Esmaily H, Ferns GA, Meshkat Z, Tayefi B, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association Between Trace Element Status and Depression in HTLV-1-Infected Patients: a Retrospective Cohort Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:75-80. [PMID: 30715684 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression and Anxiety are two important public health problems that are known to be associated with viral infections. The association between the intake of nutrients such as zinc and copper with symptoms of depression has been studied previously. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between depression with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and serum content of zinc and copper in a large Iranian population cohort. The study population consisted of 279 HTLV-1-positive patients who were identified after recruitment as part of a large cohort study: the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Association Disorder (MASHAD) study. They were divided into two groups of diagnosed with or without depression based on their symptoms. Serum zinc and copper levels of all subjects were measured using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The population sample comprised of 279 individuals infected with HTLV-1 of whom 192 (68.8%) were women. The mean serum zinc in the group with and without depression was 78.69 ± 13.79 μg/dl and 86.87 ± 19.44 μg/dl, respectively (p < 0.001). Also, the serum copper level was higher in the depressive group (116.75 ± 39.56) than in the non-depressive group (104.76 ± 30.77) (p 0.004). The association between serum zinc and copper with depression in HTLV-1-infected patients which was shown in this study could be considered in the treatment strategies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Darroudi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abolbashari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science , Mashhad, Iran
- University International Accreditation, International Office, Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khashyarmanesh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Tavalaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Batool Tayefi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran.
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Al-Fartusie FS, Al-Bairmani HK, Al-Garawi ZS, Yousif AH. Evaluation of Some Trace Elements and Vitamins in Major Depressive Disorder Patients: a Case-Control Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:412-419. [PMID: 30238421 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder worldwide; however, little is known about its etiology. It is well known that levels of certain trace elements are associated with the pathogenesis of some diseases. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the effect of trace elements and vitamins in the etiology of MDD. In this case-control study, sixty men patients with MDD and sixty, age and gender matched, control subjects were examined. Serum levels of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn, Mg, and Al were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry as well as serum levels of vitamins E and A were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that there were significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) of Cu, Cr, and Al in patients sera compared with control. While there were significantly lower levels (p < 0.001) of Zn, Ni, Mn, Mg, vitamin E, and vitamin A in MDD patients as compared with control. In addition, high Cu/Zn ratio (p < 0.05) was observed with the depressive disorder patients. The present study highlights some main indications: a significant relationship between the disturbances of element levels and vitamins (E and A) with MDD. Cu and Zn seemed to have a crucial role in understanding the pathogenesis of depressive disorders, where Cu/Zn ratio could have an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. Moreover, the results suggest that the reduction in the antioxidant vitamin E leads to increased risk of MDD. Finally, more studies on using trace element supplementation would be suggested to clarify their effect, in order to improve the therapy of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falah S Al-Fartusie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Palestine street, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Hassanain K Al-Bairmani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Palestine street, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zahraa S Al-Garawi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Palestine street, Baghdad, Iraq
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Bergis D, Tessmer L, Badenhoop K. Iron deficiency in long standing type 1 diabetes mellitus and its association with depression and impaired quality of life. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 151:74-81. [PMID: 30935925 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Iron deficiency (ID) is the most frequent malnutrition worldwide and often associated with reduced quality of life (QoL) and depression. We aimed to investigate the iron status in middle-aged type 1 diabetes in relation to depression and QoL. METHODS 109 people with type 1 diabetes (54.1% male, mean age 56.2 years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at the diabetes clinic of the Goethe University Hospital. Iron, haemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured. Treatment satisfaction, QoL and depression were assessed using standardized questionnaires (Disease Specific Quality of Life scale, CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and WHO-5 well-being index. RESULTS Decreased serum iron (<60 µg/dl) and ferritin levels (<50 pg/nl) were observed in 18 (16.8%) and 28 (26.7%) patients, respectively. Anemia was present in 20 patients (18.34%). A high rate of depression was observed: 42.2% (WHO-5) and 40.7% (CES-D). The personal goals and current diabetes therapy satisfaction score (PWTSS) was significantly better in patients with sufficient iron status (ferritin level > 50 pg/ml, p = 0.018). Multiple regression analysis revealed iron status (p = 0.03) to be an independent predictor for better PWTSS. Insufficient iron status correlated significantly with depression as measured by WHO-5 (p = 0.044) and CES-D (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes patients in the current study were frequently depressive and reported an impaired QoL that associated with iron insufficiency. If confirmed a better awareness is needed for depression and ID in long standing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bergis
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Lea Tessmer
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Nishuty NL, Khandoker MMH, Karmoker JR, Ferdous S, Shahriar M, Qusar MMAS, Islam MS, Kadir MF, Islam MR. Evaluation of Serum Interleukin-6 and C-reactive Protein Levels in Drug-naïve Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Cureus 2019; 11:e3868. [PMID: 30899619 PMCID: PMC6414189 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling health problem with a very high global prevalence and burden. Alteration of inflammatory markers in depression is of growing interest to many psychiatry researchers. This study aimed to examine the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in MDD patients to find out their association with depression. Materials and methods The present study recruited 88 MDD patients and 86 control subjects matched by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). The Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) was used on all patients to measure their severity of depression. Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were analyzed by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). Results The mean values of serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were 2.94 ± 0.12 pg/mL and 0.99 ± 0.02 mg/L for the patient group and 2.42 ± 0.21 pg/mL and 1.09 ± 0.06 mg/L for the control group, respectively. We found significantly elevated concentrations of serum IL-6 in MDD patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.001). However, the alteration of serum CRP levels was not significant between the groups (p = 0.126). Ham-D scores of patients were positively correlated with serum IL-6 (r = 0.552; p = 0.004) and CRP (r = 0.621; p < 0.001) levels. Moreover, serum IL-6 and CRP levels were observed to be positively correlated (r = 0.452; p = 0.043) with each other in depression. Conclusions The present study suggests that increased serum IL-6 level might be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sumiya Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
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You HJ, Cho SE, Kang SG, Cho SJ, Na KS. Decreased serum magnesium levels in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:534-541. [PMID: 30444158 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1538388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg2+), an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has received increased attention recently because of its role in the pathophysiology of and treatment response in depression. However, whether Mg2+ level is decreased in depression is not firmly established. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to help making consensus for the association between Mg2+ levels and depression. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the electronic database resources PubMed and Embase. After a careful selection of relevant studies, a meta-analysis using the random effects model was conducted in each measuring source, such as serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in this study. Among 11 studies that measured Mg2+ in the serum, Mg2+ level was lower in patients with depression than in controls (weighted mean difference = -.088, 95% confidence interval = -.164 to -.012). In the sensitivity analysis by removing studies one by one, 2 out of the 11 studies obliterated such significant differences. There were no significant differences in the Mg2+ levels in the studies for plasma and CSF. CONCLUSIONS Despite some evidence supporting an association between decreased Mg2+ levels and depression from studies with serum, the results of our meta-analysis urge to use caution when associating Mg2+ levels and depression. Future studies are needed to establish a consensus for the role of low Mg2+ levels in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju You
- a Department of Psychiatry , Dongmin Psychiatric Clinic , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Eun Cho
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
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Nasreen W, Kadir MF, Karmoker JR, Islam MR, Islam MR. Profiling of Serum Immunoglobulins in Bangladeshi Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.109090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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