101
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Xiang L, Zeng X, Xia F, Jin W, Liu Y, Hu Y. Recent Advances in Flexible and Stretchable Sensing Systems: From the Perspective of System Integration. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6449-6469. [PMID: 32479071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological signals generated during various biological processes are critically important for providing insight into the human physiological status. Recently, there have been many great efforts in developing flexible and stretchable sensing systems to provide biological signal monitoring platforms with intimate integration with biological surfaces. Here, this review summarizes the recent advances in flexible and stretchable sensing systems from the perspective of electronic system integration. A comprehensive general sensing system architecture is described, which consists of sensors, sensor interface circuits, memories, and digital processing units. The subsequent content focuses on the integration requirements and highlights some advanced progress for each component. Next, representative examples of flexible and stretchable sensing systems for electrophysiological, physical, and chemical information monitoring are introduced. This review concludes with an outlook on the remaining challenges and opportunities for future fully flexible or stretchable sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wanlin Jin
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youdi Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youfan Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
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102
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Pauliukaite R, Voitechovič E. Multisensor Systems and Arrays for Medical Applications Employing Naturally-Occurring Compounds and Materials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3551. [PMID: 32585936 PMCID: PMC7349305 DOI: 10.3390/s20123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The significant improvement of quality of life achieved over the last decades has stimulated the development of new approaches in medicine to take into account the personal needs of each patient. Precision medicine, providing healthcare customization, opens new horizons in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of numerous diseases. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for novel analytical devices and methods capable of addressing the challenges of precision medicine. For example, various types of sensors or their arrays are highly suitable for simultaneous monitoring of multiple analytes in complex biological media in order to obtain more information about the health status of a patient or to follow the treatment process. Besides, the development of sustainable sensors based on natural chemicals allows reducing their environmental impact. This review is concerned with the application of such analytical platforms in various areas of medicine: analysis of body fluids, wearable sensors, drug manufacturing and screening. The importance and role of naturally-occurring compounds in the development of electrochemical multisensor systems and arrays are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Pauliukaite
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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103
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Ying Z, Feng L, Ji D, Zhang Y, Chen W, Dai Y, Janyasupab M, Li X, Wen W, Liu CC. Phase-Regulated Sensing Mechanism of MoS 2 Based Nanohybrids toward Point-of-Care Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000307. [PMID: 32250065 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) has been proven to be consistently overexpressed in prostate cancer epitheliums, and is expected to act as a positive biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in clinical practice. Here, a strategy for specific determination of AMACR in real human serum by using an electrochemical microsensor system is presented. In order to implement the protocol, a self-organized nanohybrid consisting of metal nanopillars in a 2D MoS2 matrix is developed as material for the sensing interface. The testing signal outputs are strongly enhanced with the presence of the nanohybrids owing to that the metal pillars provide an efficient mass difussion and electron transfer path to the MoS2 film surface. Furthermore, the phase-regulated sensing mechanism over MoS2 is noticed and demonstrated by density functional theory calculation and experiments. The explored MoS2 based nanohybrids are employed for the fabrication of an electrochemical microsensor, presenting good linear relationship in both ng µL-1 and pg µL-1 ranges for AMACR quantification. The sampling analysis of human serum indicates that this microsensor has good diagnostic specificity and sensitivity toward AMACR. The proposed electrochemical microsensor system also demonstrates the advantages of convenience, cost-effectiveness, and disposability, resulting in a potential integrated microsystem for point-of-care prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ying
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Dongqing Ji
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Metini Janyasupab
- Department of Electronics Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chung-Chiun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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104
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Wearable capillary microfluidics for continuous perspiration sensing. Talanta 2020; 212:120786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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105
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Microbial Nanocellulose Printed Circuit Boards for Medical Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20072047. [PMID: 32268471 PMCID: PMC7181041 DOI: 10.3390/s20072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the viability of using ultra-thin sheets of microbially grown nanocellulose to build functional medical sensors. Microbially grown nanocellulose is an interesting alternative to plastics, as it is hydrophilic, biocompatible, porous, and hydrogen bonding, thereby allowing the potential development of new application routes. Exploiting the distinguishing properties of this material enables us to develop solution-based processes to create nanocellulose printed circuit boards, allowing a variety of electronics to be mounted onto our nanocellulose. As proofs of concept, we have demonstrated applications in medical sensing such as heart rate monitoring and temperature sensing-potential applications fitting the wide-ranging paradigm of a future where the Internet of Things is dominant.
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106
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Tadini-Buoninsegni F, Palchetti I. Label-Free Bioelectrochemical Methods for Evaluation of Anticancer Drug Effects at a Molecular Level. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071812. [PMID: 32218227 PMCID: PMC7181070 DOI: 10.3390/s20071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial family of diseases that is still a leading cause of death worldwide. More than 100 different types of cancer affecting over 60 human organs are known. Chemotherapy plays a central role for treating cancer. The development of new anticancer drugs or new uses for existing drugs is an exciting and increasing research area. This is particularly important since drug resistance and side effects can limit the efficacy of the chemotherapy. Thus, there is a need for multiplexed, cost-effective, rapid, and novel screening methods that can help to elucidate the mechanism of the action of anticancer drugs and the identification of novel drug candidates. This review focuses on different label-free bioelectrochemical approaches, in particular, impedance-based methods, the solid supported membranes technique, and the DNA-based electrochemical sensor, that can be used to evaluate the effects of anticancer drugs on nucleic acids, membrane transporters, and living cells. Some relevant examples of anticancer drug interactions are presented which demonstrate the usefulness of such methods for the characterization of the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs that are targeted against various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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107
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108
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Manjakkal L, Dervin S, Dahiya R. Flexible potentiometric pH sensors for wearable systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8594-8617. [PMID: 35496561 PMCID: PMC9050124 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for developing wearable sensors that can non-invasively detect the signs of chronic diseases early on to possibly enable self-health management. Among these the flexible and stretchable electrochemical pH sensors are particularly important as the pH levels influence most chemical and biological reactions in materials, life and environmental sciences. In this review, we discuss the most recent developments in wearable electrochemical potentiometric pH sensors, covering the key topics such as (i) suitability of potentiometric pH sensors in wearable systems; (ii) designs of flexible potentiometric pH sensors, which may vary with target applications; (iii) materials for various components of the sensor such as substrates, reference and sensitive electrode; (iv) applications of flexible potentiometric pH sensors, and (v) the challenges relating to flexible potentiometric pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libu Manjakkal
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Saoirse Dervin
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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109
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Zhai Q, Yap LW, Wang R, Gong S, Guo Z, Liu Y, Lyu Q, Wang J, Simon GP, Cheng W. Vertically Aligned Gold Nanowires as Stretchable and Wearable Epidermal Ion-Selective Electrode for Noninvasive Multiplexed Sweat Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4647-4655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Zhai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lim Wei Yap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhirui Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Quanxia Lyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - George. P. Simon
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- New Horizon Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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110
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The role of sampling in wearable sweat sensors. Talanta 2020; 212:120801. [PMID: 32113563 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors demonstrate outstanding performance in non-invasive, real-time monitoring of vital biomarkers in sweat, which offer an opportunity for individuals to achieve dynamic monitoring their own physiology in molecular-level. As a key step in sweat analysis that impact the accuracy of results, frequently-used sweat sampling methods are introduced in this review, and the emphasis is sweat sampling in wearable sensors including absorbent materials, superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surface, sweat guidance and epidermal microfluidic systems. In the end, we also propose the remaining challenges in the practical, large-scale application of wearable sweat sensors and provide personal prospects on the future development.
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111
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Leal C, Lopes PA, Serra A, Coelho JFJ, de Almeida AT, Tavakoli M. Untethered Disposable Health Monitoring Electronic Patches with an Integrated Ag 2O-Zn Battery, a AgInGa Current Collector, and Hydrogel Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3407-3414. [PMID: 31888325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics stickers that adhere to the human skin and collect biopotentials are becoming increasingly popular for biomonitoring applications. Such stickers include electrodes, stretchable interconnects, silicon chips for processing and communication, and batteries. Here, we demonstrate a material architecture and fabrication technique for a multilayer, stretchable, low-cost, rapidly deployable, and disposable sticker that integrates skin-interfacing hydrogel electrodes, stretchable interconnects, and a Ag2O-Zn (silver oxide-zinc) battery. In addition, the application of a printed biphasic current collector (AgInGa) for the Ag2O-Zn battery is reported for the first time. Surprisingly, and unlike previously reported batteries, the battery capacity increases after being subjected to strain cycles and reaches a record-breaking areal capacity of 6.88 mAh cm-2 post stretch. As a proof of concept, an application of heart rate monitoring is presented. The disposable patch is interfaced with a miniature battery-free electronics circuit for data acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission. A version of the patch partially covering the patient's chest can supply enough energy for continuous operation for ∼6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Leal
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-290 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Pedro Alhais Lopes
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-290 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Arménio Serra
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-290 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-290 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Aníbal T de Almeida
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-290 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Mahmoud Tavakoli
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-290 Coimbra , Portugal
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112
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Song Y, Min J, Gao W. Wearable and Implantable Electronics: Moving toward Precision Therapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12280-12286. [PMID: 31725255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soft wearable and implantable electronic systems have attracted tremendous attention due to their flexibility, conformability, and biocompatibility. Such favorable features are critical for reliably monitoring key biomedical and physiological information (including both biophysical and biochemical signals) and effective treatment and management of specific chronic diseases. Miniaturized, fully integrated self-powered bioelectronic devices that can harvest energy from the human body represent promising and emerging solutions for long-term, intimate, and personalized therapies. In this Perspective, we offer a brief overview of recent advances in wearable/implantable soft electronic devices and their therapeutic applications ranging from drug delivery to tissue regeneration. We also discuss the key opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this important area needed to fulfill the vision of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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