101
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Song JN, Wang Z. Reductive radical-initiated 1,2-C migration assisted by an azidyl group. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7921-7926. [PMID: 34123076 PMCID: PMC8163324 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a novel reductive radical-polar crossover reaction that is a reductive radical-initiated 1,2-C migration of 2-azido allyl alcohols enabled by an azidyl group. The reaction tolerates diverse migrating groups, such as alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, allowing access to n+1 ring expansion of small to large rings. The possibility of directly using propargyl alcohols in one-pot is also described. Mechanistic studies indicated that an azidyl group is a good leaving group and provides a driving force for the 1,2-C migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Zhansong Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jin-Na Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zikun Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
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102
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Nagai T, Mimata N, Terada Y, Sebe C, Shigehisa H. Catalytic Dealkylative Synthesis of Cyclic Carbamates and Ureas via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover. Org Lett 2020; 22:5522-5527. [PMID: 32633527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the transition-metal hydrogen atom transfer and radical-polar crossover concepts, we developed a functional-group-tolerant and scalable method for the synthesis of cyclic carbamates and ureas, which are found in the structures of bioactive compounds. This method provides not only a common five-membered ring but also six-to-eight-membered ring products. The reaction proceeds through the intramolecular displacement of an alkylcobalt(IV) intermediate and dealkylation by 2,4,6-collidine; the activation energies of these steps were calculated by DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Nao Mimata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Terada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Chikayoshi Sebe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shigehisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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103
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Peng C, Arya P, Zhou Z, Snyder SA. A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐Waihoensene Guided by Quaternary Center Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Piyush Arya
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Zhiyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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104
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Hagiwara H. Aspects in the Total Syntheses of Higher Terpenoids Starting From Wieland–Miescher Ketone and Its Derivative: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20925340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic studies of higher terpenoids starting from Wieland–Miescher ketone since 2012 have been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisahiro Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-Ku, Niigata, Japan
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105
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Matos JLM, Green SA, Chun Y, Dang VQ, Dushin RG, Richardson P, Chen JS, Piotrowski DW, Paegel BM, Shenvi RA. Cycloisomerization of Olefins in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeishla L. M. Matos
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yuge Chun
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Vuong Q. Dang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California Irvine 101 Theory, Suite 100 Irvine CA 92617 USA
| | | | - Paul Richardson
- Pfizer Medicinal Chemistry 10578 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Jason S. Chen
- Automated Synthesis Facility Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | | | - Brian M. Paegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California Irvine 101 Theory, Suite 100 Irvine CA 92617 USA
- Departments of Chemistry & Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine 101 Theory, Suite 100 Irvine CA 92617 USA
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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106
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Qu Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Huang J, Yang Z. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Waihoensene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6511-6515. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zheyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhongchao Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wendou Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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107
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Chen R, Yang S, Zhang Y. Recent progress in the total synthesis of marine brominated sesquiterpene aplydactone. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1036-1045. [PMID: 31961356 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aplydactone is a brominated sesquiterpene isolated from the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela. Structurally, it features a complex cage-like skeleton containing a highly strained tricyclic-[4.2.0.03,8]-4-decanone system. Its unique structural features have fascinated many synthetic chemists. In this review, the synthetic efforts towards aplydactone in the last five years are summarized in two categories including nonbiomimetic synthesis and biomimetic synthesis based on the core synthetic strategy. These syntheses set a classical and instructive example for the syntheses of other marine natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Sihan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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108
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Huang MH, Hong Y, Hu JQ, Yang SZ, Zhu YL, Wang DC, Jiang B. Iron(III)-promoted hydrofunctionalization/bicyclization of 1,7-enynes toward benzo[a]fluoren-5-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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109
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Li J, Li F, King-Smith E, Renata H. Merging chemoenzymatic and radical-based retrosynthetic logic for rapid and modular synthesis of oxidized meroterpenoids. Nat Chem 2020; 12:173-179. [PMID: 31959962 PMCID: PMC7250629 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are natural products of hybrid biosynthetic origins-derived from both terpenoid and polyketide pathways-with a wealth of biological activities. Given their therapeutic potential, a general strategy to access these natural products in a concise and divergent fashion is highly desirable. Here, we report a modular synthesis of a suite of oxidized meroterpenoids using a hybrid synthetic strategy that is designed to harness the power of both biocatalytic and radical-based retrosynthetic logic. This strategy enables direct introduction of key hydroxyl groups and rapid construction of key bonds and stereocentres, facilitating the development of a concise route (7-12 steps from commercial materials) to eight oxidized meroterpenoids from two common molecular scaffolds. This work lays the foundation for rapid access to a wide range of oxidized meroterpenoids through the use of similar hybrid strategy that combines two synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Emma King-Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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110
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Delgado KR, Youmans DD, Diver ST. Mild Isomerization of Conjugated Dienes Using Co-Mediated Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2020; 22:750-754. [PMID: 31913634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild and high yielding rearrangement of 1,3-disubstituted-1,3-dienes to 1,1,4-trisubstituted-1,3-dienes using a cobaloxime catalyst and a silane cocatalyst is reported. Chiral centers near the conjugated diene were not racemized. Deuterium labeling studies are consistent with a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism, and radical intermediates were found to be accessible due to the observed ring opening of a cyclopropane ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Delgado
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Dustin D Youmans
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Steven T Diver
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
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111
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Date S, Hamasaki K, Sunagawa K, Koyama H, Sebe C, Hiroya K, Shigehisa H. Catalytic Direct Cyclization of Alkenyl Thioester. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Date
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kensei Hamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Karen Sunagawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Koyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Chikayoshi Sebe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kou Hiroya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shigehisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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112
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Kyne SH, Lefèvre G, Ollivier C, Petit M, Ramis Cladera VA, Fensterbank L. Iron and cobalt catalysis: new perspectives in synthetic radical chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8501-8542. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron and cobalt complexes are at the origin of high valuable synthetic pathways involving radical intemediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Kyne
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- i-CLeHS CSB2D
- Chimie ParisTech
- 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie
- FR 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Marc Petit
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | | | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
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113
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Li J, Liu A, Wang Y, Zhai S, Ma D, Chen C. Noble-metal-free TiO 2 photocatalysis for selective CC reduction of α,β-enones by CF 3SO 3H modification. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The highly selective CC reduction of α,β-enones was realized by CF3SO3H-modifying noble-metal-free TiO2 photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
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114
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Park H, Christian LS, Kim MJ, Li QJ, Hong J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Subglutinol Analogs for Immunomodulatory Agents. J Med Chem 2019; 63:283-294. [PMID: 31793781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment options for autoimmune diseases have increased over the past several decades, but they are, in general, limited in their clinical efficacy due to high toxicity and lack of selectivity. Thus, efforts must be made to identify new immunomodulatory agents that are effective through a novel mechanism to circumvent existing side effects. To define the structural requirements of subglutinols for immunomodulatory activity and to provide guiding principles on future therapeutic development, we prepared and evaluated several subglutinol analogs for their immunomodulatory activities. Our efforts identified a subglutinol analog with reduced structural complexity as a potential lead compound for future autoimmune drug development. Our study will provide an important framework for the design of potent and nontoxic immunomodulating agents derived from subglutinols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Park
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | | | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | | | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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115
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Wein LA, Wurst K, Angyal P, Weisheit L, Magauer T. Synthesis of (-)-Mitrephorone A via a Bioinspired Late Stage C-H Oxidation of (-)-Mitrephorone B. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19589-19593. [PMID: 31770485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a bioinspired late-stage C-H oxidation of the ent-trachylobane natural product mitrephorone B to mitrephorone A. The realization of this unprecedented transformation was accomplished by either an iron-catalyzed or electrochemical oxidation and enabled access to the densely substituted oxetane in one step. Formation of mitrephorone C, which is lacking the central oxetane unit but features a keto-function at C2, was not formed under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Anton Wein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences , Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry , Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Peter Angyal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2 , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lara Weisheit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences , Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences , Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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116
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George J, Ward JS, Sherburn MS. A general synthesis of dendralenes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9969-9973. [PMID: 32055353 PMCID: PMC7003925 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The first broad spectrum dendralene synthesis permits the widest structural and substituent variation and promotes applications in step economic synthesis.
The first general synthetic approach to substituted [3]- and higher dendralenes is reported. Fifty-one mono- through to penta-substituted dendralenes carrying alkyl-, cycloalkyl-, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, aryl- and heteroaryl-substitutents are accessed, and the first (E)/(Z)-stereoselective syntheses of dendralenes are reported (twenty-eight examples). The approach involves twofold Pd(0)-catalyzed Negishi couplings of 1,1-dibromoalkenes with alkenylzinc reagents, and exploits both substrate- and catalyst-controlled aspects of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity in the two C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond forming steps. The value of the new hydrocarbons in rapid structural complexity generation is demonstrated through their deployment in unprecedented diene- and triene-transmissive pericyclic reaction sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josemon George
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia .
| | - Jas S Ward
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia .
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia .
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117
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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118
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Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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119
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Discolo CA, Touney EE, Pronin SV. Catalytic Asymmetric Radical–Polar Crossover Hydroalkoxylation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17527-17532. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Discolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Eric E. Touney
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V. Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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120
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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121
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Zhang H, Zhan X, Chen X, Tang L, He S, Shi Z, Wang Y, Wang J. Iron(III) Chloride/Phenylsilane‐Mediated Cascade Reaction of Allyl Alcohols with Maleimides: Synthesis of Poly‐Substituted γ‐Butyrolactones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Zhan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu‐Ling Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center and Department of Anaesthesiology, West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai He
- Southwest Minzu University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Chuan Shi
- Southwest Minzu University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials SciencesGuizhou Education University Guiyang People's Republic of China
| | - Ji‐Yu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
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122
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Thomas WP, Schatz DJ, George DT, Pronin SV. A Radical-Polar Crossover Annulation To Access Terpenoid Motifs. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12246-12250. [PMID: 31329434 PMCID: PMC7556742 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic radical-polar crossover annulation between two unsaturated carbonyl compounds is described. The annulation proceeds under exceptionally mild conditions and provides direct and expedient access to complex terpenoid motifs. Application of this chemistry allows for synthesis of forskolin, a densely functionalized terpenoid, in 14 steps from commercially available material.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Devon J. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - Sergey V. Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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123
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Timmerman JC, Sims NJ, Wood JL. Total Synthesis of Caesalpinnone A and Caesalpinflavan B: Evolution of a Concise Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10082-10090. [PMID: 31145855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The total syntheses of caesalpinnone A (1) and its putative biosynthetic precursor caesalpinflavan B (3) are described. Herein, we describe the evolution of a synthetic strategy toward 1 and 3, which entails a convergent Barluenga coupling that quickly delivers a heavily functionalized benzopyran containing the core carbon framework and exploration of two distinct synthetic routes for forging the flavanoid C-ring by reducing a sterically encumbered embedded alkene: one via a stepwise approach and a second, more direct and atom-economical, enabled by a Shenvi-HAT hydrogenation. The latter strategy allowed access to caesalpinflavan B in 6 steps after Pd-mediated deallylation. A late-stage dearomative phenolic oxidation and deallylation/oxa-Michael cascade was implemented to access caesalpinnone A (1) in 7 steps. We also describe an enantioselective total synthesis and stereochemical revision of (-)-caesalpinflavan B, as well as a formal enantioselective synthesis of (-)-caesalpinnone A, by implementing an enantioselective Pd-catalyzed conjugate addition developed by Stoltz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Timmerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97248 , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Noah J Sims
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97248 , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - John L Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97248 , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
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124
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Jiang H, Lai W, Chen H. Generation of Carbon Radical from Iron-Hydride/Alkene: Exchange-Enhanced Reactivity Selects the Reactive Spin State. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhen Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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125
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126
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Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of highly complex hexacyclic meroterpenoids STR-2 and -9 (strongylophorine (STR)) are reported. Key elements of the synthetic route include the use of Robinson-type annulation reaction to construct the tricyclic terpenoid building block and a highly efficient PIDA-mediated 1,3-diaxial sp3 C-H activation to incorporate the requisite δ-lactone moiety. This route also enables the determination of absolute configuration of the synthesized natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya H Dethe
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , Uttar Pradesh 208016 , India
| | - Susanta Kumar Sau
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , Uttar Pradesh 208016 , India
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127
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Kim D, Rahaman SMW, Mercado BQ, Poli R, Holland PL. Roles of Iron Complexes in Catalytic Radical Alkene Cross-Coupling: A Computational and Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7473-7485. [PMID: 31025567 PMCID: PMC6953484 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing and useful class of alkene coupling reactions involve hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from a metal-hydride species to an alkene to form a free radical, which is responsible for subsequent bond formation. Here, we use a combination of experimental and computational investigations to map out the mechanistic details of iron-catalyzed reductive alkene cross-coupling, an important representative of the HAT alkene reactions. We are able to explain several observations that were previously mysterious. First, the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle is the formation of the reactive Fe-H intermediate, elucidating the importance of the choice of reductant. Second, the success of the catalytic system is attributable to the exceptionally weak (17 kcal/mol) Fe-H bond, which performs irreversible HAT to alkenes in contrast to previous studies on isolable hydride complexes where this addition was reversible. Third, the organic radical intermediates can reversibly form organometallic species, which helps to protect the free radicals from side reactions. Fourth, the previously accepted quenching of the postcoupling radical through stepwise electron transfer/proton transfer is not as favorable as alternative mechanisms. We find that there are two feasible pathways. One uses concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from an iron(II) ethanol complex, which is facilitated because the O-H bond dissociation free energy is lowered by 30 kcal/mol upon metal binding. In an alternative pathway, an O-bound enolate-iron(III) complex undergoes proton shuttling from an iron-bound alcohol. These kinetic, spectroscopic, and computational studies identify key organometallic species and PCET steps that control selectivity and reactivity in metal-catalyzed HAT alkene coupling, and create a firm basis for elucidation of mechanisms in the growing class of HAT alkene cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - S. M. Wahidur Rahaman
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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128
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of arborisidine, a unique Kopsia indole alkaloid possessing a fully substituted cyclohexanone ring system with two quaternary carbons, has been achieved in seven steps in racemic format from tryptamine and in nine steps in asymmetric format from d-tryptophan methyl ester. Key elements of the design include a carefully orchestrated decyanation protocol to finalize the asymmetric formation of an aza-quaternary center that is challenging to access in optically active format via direct Pictet-Spengler cyclizations with tryptamine, a metal-promoted 6- endo-dig cyclization of an enyne to establish the second core quaternary center, and regiospecific functionalizations of the resultant complex diene to finalize the target structure. The distinct and efficient nature of the developed solution is highlighted by several unsuccessful approaches and unexpected rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Alison X Gao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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129
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Green SA, Huffman TR, McCourt RO, van der Puyl V, Shenvi RA. Hydroalkylation of Olefins To Form Quaternary Carbons. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7709-7714. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tucker R. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ruairí O. McCourt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vincent van der Puyl
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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130
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Inoshita T, Goshi K, Morinaga Y, Umeda Y, Ishikawa H. Enantioselective Construction of Octahydroquinolines via Trienamine-Mediated Diels-Alder Reactions. Org Lett 2019; 21:2903-2907. [PMID: 30950281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A trienamine-mediated asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction using a 5-nitro-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridone derivative as a dienophile in the presence of a secondary amine organocatalyst derived from cis-hydroxyproline was discovered. The reaction provides optically active octahydroquinolines through an endo-selective [4 + 2] cyclization pathway. The following stereoselective denitration, isomerization, and/or hydrogenation generated divergent stereoisomers of decahydroquinolines, which are useful synthons for the total synthesis of Lycopodium alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Inoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Kei Goshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Yuka Morinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami , Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
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131
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Meng Q, Schirmer TE, Katou K, König B. Controllable Isomerization of Alkenes by Dual Visible‐Light‐Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Yuan Meng
- Institute of Organic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tobias E. Schirmer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Kousuke Katou
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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132
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Meng QY, Schirmer TE, Katou K, König B. Controllable Isomerization of Alkenes by Dual Visible-Light-Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5723-5728. [PMID: 30835931 PMCID: PMC6519376 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein that thermodynamic and kinetic isomerization of alkenes can be accomplished by the combination of visible light with Co catalysis. Utilizing Xantphos as the ligand, the most stable isomers are obtained, while isomerizing terminal alkenes over one position can be selectively controlled by using DPEphos as the ligand. The presence of the donor–acceptor dye 4CzIPN accelerates the reaction further. Transformation of exocyclic alkenes into the corresponding endocyclic products could be efficiently realized by using 4CzIPN and Co(acac)2 in the absence of any additional ligands. Spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical investigations indicate CoI being involved in the generation of a Co hydride, which subsequently adds to alkenes initiating the isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Meng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias E Schirmer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kousuke Katou
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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133
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Liu Y, Bergès J, Zaid Y, Chahdi FO, Van Der Lee A, Harakat D, Clot E, Jaroschik F, Taillefer M. Aerobic and Ligand-Free Manganese-Catalyzed Homocoupling of Arenes or Aryl Halides via in Situ Formation of Aryllithiums. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4413-4420. [PMID: 30665303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-free manganese-catalyzed homocoupling of arenes or aryl halides can be carried out under aerobic conditions via the in situ formation of the corresponding aryllithiums. A wide range of biaryls and derivatives has been obtained, and a mechanism involving monomeric manganese-oxo complexes has been proposed on the basis of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , Université de Montpellier , UMR 5253 CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale , Montpellier 34296 , France
| | - Julien Bergès
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , Université de Montpellier , UMR 5253 CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale , Montpellier 34296 , France
| | - Yassir Zaid
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , Université de Montpellier , UMR 5253 CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale , Montpellier 34296 , France.,Laboratoire Chimie Organique Appliquée LCOA , Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Fès 30000 , Morocco
| | - Fouad Ouazzani Chahdi
- Laboratoire Chimie Organique Appliquée LCOA , Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Fès 30000 , Morocco
| | - Arie Van Der Lee
- Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , UMR 5635 CNRS, Montpellier 34095 , France
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims , Université de Reims , UMR 7312 CNRS, BP 1039, Reims 51687 , France
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , Université de Montpellier , UMR 5253 CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale , Montpellier 34296 , France
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , Université de Montpellier , UMR 5253 CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale , Montpellier 34296 , France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , Université de Montpellier , UMR 5253 CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale , Montpellier 34296 , France
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134
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135
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Kim DE, Zweig JE, Newhouse TR. Total Synthesis of Paspaline A and Emindole PB Enabled by Computational Augmentation of a Transform-Guided Retrosynthetic Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1479-1483. [PMID: 30626183 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the total syntheses of two indole diterpenoid natural products, paspaline A and emindole PB. Paspaline A is synthesized in a 9-step sequence from commercially available materials. The first total synthesis of emindole PB is accomplished in 13 steps and confirms a previously ambiguous structural assignment. Density functional theory calculations are utilized to interrogate the key carbocationic rearrangement in a predictive capacity to aid in the selection of the most favorable precursor substrate. This work highlights how retrosynthetic design can be augmented with quantum chemical calculations to reveal energetically feasible synthetic disconnections, minimizing time-consuming and expensive empirical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria E Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Joshua E Zweig
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
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136
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Qi J, Tang H, Chen C, Cui S, Xu G. Reductive coupling of alkenes with unsaturated imines via a radical pathway. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reductive coupling of alkenes with unsaturated imines via a radical pathway is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Qi
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Haibin Tang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Changwei Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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137
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Goethe O, Heuer A, Ma X, Wang Z, Herzon SB. Antibacterial properties and clinical potential of pleuromutilins. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:220-247. [PMID: 29979463 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018Pleuromutilins are a clinically validated class of antibiotics derived from the fungal diterpene (+)-pleuromutilin (1). Pleuromutilins inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the ribosome. In this review we summarize the biosynthesis and recent total syntheses of (+)-pleuromutilin (1). We review the mode of interaction of pleuromutilins with the bacterial ribosome, which involves binding of the C14 extension and the tricyclic core to the P and A sites of the PTC, respectively. We provide an overview of existing clinical agents, and discuss the three primary modes of bacterial resistance (mutations in ribosomal protein L3, Cfr methylation, and efflux). Finally we collect structure-activity relationships from publicly available reports, and close with some forward looking statements regarding future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Goethe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Abigail Heuer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Zhixun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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138
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Touney EE, Foy NJ, Pronin SV. Catalytic Radical–Polar Crossover Reactions of Allylic Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16982-16987. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Touney
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Foy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V. Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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139
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Green SA, Crossley SWM, Matos JLM, Vásquez-Céspedes S, Shevick SL, Shenvi RA. The High Chemofidelity of Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2628-2640. [PMID: 30406655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of any chemical reaction in a structurally complex setting ( King , S. M. J. Org. Chem. 2014 , 79 , 8937 ) confronts structurally defined barriers: steric environment, functional group reactivity, product instability, and through-bond electronics. However, there are also practical barriers. Late-stage reactions conducted on small quantities of material are run inevitably at lower than optimal concentrations. Access to late-stage material limits extensive optimization. Impurities from past reactions can interfere, especially with catalytic reactions. Therefore, chemical reactions on which one can rely at the front lines of a complex synthesis campaign emerge from the crucible of total synthesis as robust, dependable, and widely applied. Trost conceptualized "chemoselectivity" as a reagent's selective reaction of one functional group or reactive site in preference to others ( Trost , B. M. Science 1983 , 219 , 245 ). Chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance can be evaluated quickly using robustness screens ( Collins , K. D. Nat. Chem. 2013 , 5 , 597 ). A reaction may also be characterized by its "chemofidelity", that is, its reliable reaction with a functional group in any molecular context. For example, ketone reduction by an electride (dissolving metal conditions) exhibits high chemofidelity but low chemoselectivity: it usually works, but many other functional groups are reduced at similar rates. Conversely, alkene coordination chemistry effected by π Lewis acids can exhibit high chemoselectivity ( Trost , B. M. Science 1983 , 219 , 245 ) but low chemofidelity: it can be highly selective for alkenes but sensitive to the substitution pattern ( Larionov , E. Chem. Commun. 2014 , 50 , 9816 ). In contrast, alkenes undergo reliable, robust, and diverse hydrogen atom transfer reactions from metal hydrides to generate carbon-centered radicals. Although there are many potential applications of this chemistry, its functional group tolerance, high rates, and ease of execution have led to its rapid deployment in complex synthesis campaigns. Its success derives from high chemofidelity, that is, its dependable reactivity in many molecular environments and with many alkene substitution patterns. Metal hydride H atom transfer (MHAT) reactions convert diverse, simple building blocks to more stereochemically and functionally dense products ( Crossley , S. W. M. Chem. Rev. 2016 , 116 , 8912 ). When hydrogen is returned to the metal, MHAT can be considered the radical equivalent of Brønsted acid catalysis-itself a broad reactivity paradigm. This Account summarizes our group's contributions to method development, reagent discovery, and mechanistic interrogation. Our earliest contribution to this area-a stepwise hydrogenation with high chemoselectivity and high chemofidelity-has found application to many problems. More recently, we reported the first examples of dual-catalytic cross-couplings that rely on the merger of MHAT cycles and nickel catalysis. With time, we anticipate that MHAT will become a staple of chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Steven W. M. Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeishla L. M. Matos
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sophia L. Shevick
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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140
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Saladrigas M, Loren G, Bonjoch J, Bradshaw B. Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT)-Triggered Iron-Catalyzed Intra- and Intermolecular Coupling of Alkenes with Hydrazones: Access to Complex Amines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Saladrigas
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Loren
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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141
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Chouthaiwale PV, Aher RD, Tanaka F. Catalytic Enantioselective Formal (4+2) Cycloaddition by Aldol-Aldol Annulation of Pyruvate Derivatives with Cyclohexane-1,3-Diones to Afford Functionalized Decalins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13298-13301. [PMID: 30125444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The decalin structure is found in bioactive molecules. We have developed catalytic enantioselective formal (4+2) cycloaddition reactions via aldol-aldol cascade reactions between pyruvate-derived diketoester derivatives and cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives that afford highly functionalized decalin derivatives. The reactions were performed using a quinidine-derived catalyst under mild conditions. Decalin derivatives bearing up to six chiral carbon centers including tetrasubstituted carbon centers were synthesized with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Five to six stereogenic centers were generated from achiral molecules with the formation of two C-C bonds in a single transformation resulting in the formation of the decalin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandurang V Chouthaiwale
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ravindra D Aher
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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142
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Godfrey NA, Schatz DJ, Pronin SV. Twelve-Step Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Nodulisporic Acid C. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12770-12774. [PMID: 30261724 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A short, enantioselective synthesis of (-)-nodulisporic acid C is described. The route features two highly diastereoselective polycyclizations en route to the terpenoid core and the indenopyran fragment and a highly convergent assembly of a challenging indole moiety. Application of this chemistry allows for a 12-step synthesis of the target indoloterpenoid from commercially available material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Devon J Schatz
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Sergey V Pronin
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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143
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Shevick SL, Obradors C, Shenvi RA. Mechanistic Interrogation of Co/Ni-Dual Catalyzed Hydroarylation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12056-12068. [PMID: 30153002 PMCID: PMC6329606 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt/nickel-dual catalyzed hydroarylation of terminal olefins with iodoarenes builds complexity from readily available starting materials, with a high preference for the Markovnikov (branched) product. Here, we advance a mechanistic model of this reaction through the use of reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA), radical clock experiments, and stoichiometric studies. Through exclusion of competing hypotheses, we conclude that the reaction proceeds through an unprecedented alkylcobalt to nickel direct transmetalation. Demonstration of catalytic alkene prefunctionalization, via spectroscopic observation of an organocobalt species, distinguishes this Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling method from a conventional transmetalation process, which employs a stoichiometric organometallic nucleophile, and from a bimetallic oxidative addition of an organohalide across nickel, described by radical scission and subsequent alkyl radical capture at a second nickel center. A refined understanding of the reaction leads to an optimized hydroarylation procedure that excludes exogenous oxidant, demonstrating that the transmetalation is net redox neutral. Catalytic alkene prefunctionalization by cobalt and engagement with nickel catalytic cycles through direct transmetalation provides a new platform to merge these two rich areas of chemistry in preparatively useful ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Shevick
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Carla Obradors
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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144
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Chouthaiwale PV, Aher RD, Tanaka F. Catalytic Enantioselective Formal (4+2) Cycloaddition by Aldol–Aldol Annulation of Pyruvate Derivatives with Cyclohexane‐1,3‐Diones to Afford Functionalized Decalins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurang V. Chouthaiwale
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Ravindra D. Aher
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
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145
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Ma X, Herzon SB. Cobalt bis(acetylacetonate)- tert-butyl hydroperoxide-triethylsilane: a general reagent combination for the Markovnikov-selective hydrofunctionalization of alkenes by hydrogen atom transfer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2259-2265. [PMID: 30202480 PMCID: PMC6122341 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that cobalt bis(acetylacetonate) [Co(acac)2], tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and triethylsilane (Et3SiH) constitute an inexpensive, general, and practical reagent combination to initiate a broad range of Markovnikov-selective alkene hydrofunctionalization reactions. These transformations are believed to proceed by cobalt-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to the alkene substrate, followed by interception of the resulting alkyl radical intermediate with a SOMOphile. In addition, we report the first reductive couplings of unactivated alkenes and aryldiazonium salts by an HAT pathway. The simplicity and generality of the Co(acac)2–TBHP–Et3SiH reagent combination suggests it as a useful starting point to develop HAT reactions in complex settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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146
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Hu X, Lim P, Fairhurst RM, Maimone TJ. Synthesis and Study of the Antimalarial Cardamom Peroxide. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:3358-3369. [PMID: 30319159 PMCID: PMC6181145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A full account of our previously disclosed synthesis of the monoterpene dimer cardamom peroxide is reported. Inspired by hypotheses regarding the potential biosynthetic origins of this natural product, several unproductive routes are also reported. The chemical reactivity of this structurally unique metabolite in the presence of iron(II) sources is also reported as is its antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from several Cambodian provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Pharath Lim
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (USA)
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (USA)
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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147
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Liu X, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhang ZX, Jiao L, Liu Q. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective Olefin Isomerization Under Kinetic Control. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6873-6882. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ze-Xin Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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148
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Ma X, Kucera R, Goethe OF, Murphy SK, Herzon SB. Directed C-H Bond Oxidation of (+)-Pleuromutilin. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6843-6892. [PMID: 29664634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics derived from the diterpene fungal metabolite (+)-pleuromutilin (1) are useful agents for the treatment Gram-positive infections in humans and farm animals. Pleuromutilins elicit slow rates of resistance development and minimal cross-resistance with existing antibiotics. Despite efforts aimed at producing new derivatives by semisynthesis, modification of the tricyclic core is underexplored, in part due to a limited number of functional group handles. Herein, we report methods to selectively functionalize the methyl groups of (+)-pleuromutilin (1) by hydroxyl-directed iridium-catalyzed C-H silylation, followed by Tamao-Fleming oxidation. These reactions provided access to C16, C17, and C18 monooxidized products, as well as C15/C16 and C17/C18 dioxidized products. Four new functionalized derivatives were prepared from the protected C17 oxidation product. C6 carboxylic acid, aldehyde, and normethyl derivatives were prepared from the C16 oxidation product. Many of these sequences were executed on gram scales. The efficiency and practicality of these routes provides an easy method to rapidly interrogate structure-activity relationships that were previously beyond reach. This study will inform the design of fully synthetic approaches to novel pleuromutilins and underscores the power of the hydroxyl-directed iridium-catalyzed C-H silylation reaction.
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149
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Liu J, Ma D. A Unified Approach for the Assembly of Atisine- and Hetidine-type Diterpenoid Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Azitine and the Proposed Structure of Navirine C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6676-6680. [PMID: 29611891 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A tetracyclic dinitrile was synthesized in twelve steps from cyclohex-2-en-1-one by using a chelation-triggered conjugate addition to a γ-hydroxy-substituted α,β-unsaturated nitrile and an oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder cycloaddition cascade as the key steps. The first total synthesis of azitine (in 17 steps) was achieved through a simple reductive cyclization of this intermediate and subsequent transformations while the total synthesis of the proposed structure of navirine C (in 19 steps) was accomplished by a hydrogen-atom-transfer reaction of the tetracyclic dinitrile, Pd/C-catalyzed reductive cyclization, and subsequent functional group manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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150
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Liu J, Ma D. A Unified Approach for the Assembly of Atisine‐ and Hetidine‐type Diterpenoid Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Azitine and the Proposed Structure of Navirine C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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