101
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The effects of diet and gut microbiota on the regulation of intestinal mucin glycosylation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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102
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Luo D, Zhao W, Lin Z, Wu J, Lin H, Li Y, Song J, Zhang J, Peng H. The Effects of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis on the Gut Microbiota of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients, and the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Patient Prognoses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:579386. [PMID: 33834002 PMCID: PMC8021868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.579386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota alterations occur in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with or without dialysis. However, it remains unclear whether changes in gut microbiota of dialysis ESRD patients result from dialysis or ESRD, or both. Similarly, there is a dearth of information on the relationship between gut microbiota and ESRD prognoses. We collected fecal samples and tracked clinical outcomes from 73 ESRD patients, including 33 pre-dialysis ESRD patients, 19 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and 21 hemodialysis (HD) patients. 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the gut microbiota of ESRD patients and healthy controls. Gut microbiota diversity was different before and after dialysis. Bacteroidetes were significantly deceased in HD patients. Twelve bacterial genera exhibited statistically significant differences, due to dialysis (all P < 0.05, FDR corrected). HD reversed abnormal changes in Oscillospira and SMB53 in pre-dialysis patients. Functional predictions of microbial communities showed that PD and HD altered signal transduction and metabolic pathways in ESRD patients. Furthermore, Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were associated with cardiovascular mortality. Dorea, Clostridium, and SMB53 were related to peritonitis in PD patients. This study not only demonstrated differences in gut microbiota between pre-dialysis and dialysis ESRD patients, but also firstly proposed gut bacteria may exert an impact on patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongchun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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103
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Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of over-the-counter probiotics to promote health has grown rapidly worldwide and become an independent industry. In medicine, various studies have demonstrated that probiotics can help improve the immune system and intestinal health. They are usually safe, but in some rare cases, they may cause concerning adverse reactions. Although the use of probiotics has been widely popularized in the public, the results of many probiotic clinical trials are contradictory. Particularly in cancer patients, the feasibility of probiotic management providing benefits by targeting cancer and lessening anticancer side effects requires further investigation. This review summarizes the interactions between probiotics and the host as well as current knowledge on the pros and cons of utilizing probiotics in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanwu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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104
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Host immunity modulates the efficacy of microbiota transplantation for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:755. [PMID: 33531483 PMCID: PMC7854624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful therapeutic strategy for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Despite remarkable efficacy, implementation of FMT therapy is limited and the mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for the immune system in supporting FMT using a murine C. difficile infection system. Following FMT, Rag1 heterozygote mice resolve C. difficile while littermate Rag1-/- mice fail to clear the infection. Targeted ablation of adaptive immune cell subsets reveal a necessary role for CD4+ Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells, but not B cells or CD8+ T cells, in FMT-mediated resolution of C. difficile infection. FMT non-responsive mice exhibit exacerbated inflammation, impaired engraftment of the FMT bacterial community and failed restoration of commensal bacteria-derived secondary bile acid metabolites in the large intestine. These data demonstrate that the host's inflammatory immune status can limit the efficacy of microbiota-based therapeutics to treat C. difficile infection.
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105
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Qin R, Mahal LK. The host glycomic response to pathogens. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:149-156. [PMID: 33529786 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in the biology of infectious diseases. Although glycans are expressed on both the pathogens and the host, the functions and dynamics of the host glycome during infection are not well understood. Recent years have witnessed new discoveries on the host glycome respsonse to infection, as well as related mechanisms and their implications. Herein, we present a brief review on the latest findings in this field and put them in the context of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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106
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Bao R, Hesser LA, He Z, Zhou X, Nadeau KC, Nagler CR. Fecal microbiome and metabolome differ in healthy and food-allergic twins. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141935. [PMID: 33463536 DOI: 10.1172/jci141935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThere has been a striking generational increase in the prevalence of food allergies. We have proposed that this increase can be explained, in part, by alterations in the commensal microbiome.METHODSTo identify bacterial signatures and metabolic pathways that may influence the expression of this disease, we collected fecal samples from a unique, well-controlled cohort of twins concordant or discordant for food allergy. Samples were analyzed by integrating 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolite profiling.RESULTSA bacterial signature of 64 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) distinguished healthy from allergic twins; the OTUs enriched in the healthy twins were largely taxa from the Clostridia class. We detected significant enrichment in distinct metabolite pathways in each group. The enrichment of diacylglycerol in healthy twins is of particular interest for its potential as a readily measurable fecal biomarker of health. In addition, an integrated microbial-metabolomic analysis identified a significant association between healthy twins and Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Ruminococcus bromii, suggesting new possibilities for the development of live microbiome-modulating biotherapeutics.CONCLUSIONTwin pairs exhibited significant differences in their fecal microbiomes and metabolomes through adulthood, suggesting that the gut microbiota may play a protective role in patients with food allergies beyond the infant stage.TRIAL REGISTRATIONParticipants in this study were recruited as part of an observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01613885) at multiple sites from 2014 to 2018.FUNDINGThis work was supported by the Sunshine Charitable Foundation; the Moss Family Foundation; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (R56AI134923 and R01AI 140134); the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL 118612); the Orsak family; the Kepner family; and the Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ziyuan He
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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107
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Mao X, Ding X, Zeng Q, Bai S, Zhang K, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Yan H, Luo J, Luo Y, Wang J. The effect of dietary pectic oligosaccharide supplementation on intestinal health of broiler breeders with different egg-laying rates. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100938. [PMID: 33518299 PMCID: PMC7936170 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore whether dietary pectic oligosaccharide (POS) supplementation could improve gut health of broiler breeders with different egg-laying rates. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used in this study. Two hundred fifty-six Arbor Acres broiler breeders (48 wk of age), including 128 average egg-laying rate and 128 low egg-laying rate (LELR) birds, were randomly fed with the diets supplemented with or without 200 mg kg−1 of POS (n = 8). The trial lasted for 8 wk. Compared with average egg-laying rate broiler breeders, LELR broiler breeders had lower laying rate and qualified egg rate (P < 0.05), higher egg weight and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the jejunum (P < 0.05), higher IL-6 (P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (P = 0.07) mRNA expressions in the jejunal mucosa, and lower microflora diversity in cecal digesta. Dietary POS supplementation increased egg weight of broiler breeders (P < 0.05), enhanced superoxide dismutase activity in the jejunum (P < 0.05), decreased MDA level in the jejunum (P < 0.05), upregulated zonula occluden 1 mRNA expression in the jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), downregulated IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in the jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), and regulated relative abundance of some microbiota (including the phylum and genus, P < 0.05). In addition, in LELR broiler breeders, POS administration enhanced villus height (P = 0.08) and ZO-2 mRNA expression (P = 0.09) in the jejunal mucosa, alleviated the increasing MDA level in the jejunum (P < 0.05) and IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in the jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), and regulated relative abundance of some microbiota (including the phylum and genus, P < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementing POS in diets may elevate gut health via improvement of intestinal barrier function, antioxidant capacity, and microbiota composition in broiler breeders with different egg-laying rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China.
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108
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Wang Q, Kim SY, Matsushita H, Wang Z, Pandyarajan V, Matsuda M, Ohashi K, Tsuchiya T, Roh YS, Kiani C, Zhao Y, Chan M, Devkota S, Lu SC, Hayashi T, Carson DA, Seki E. Oral administration of PEGylated TLR7 ligand ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease via the induction of IL-22. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020868118. [PMID: 33443222 PMCID: PMC7817133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020868118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are limited; therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is greatly warranted. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a pattern recognition receptor for single-stranded RNA, and its activation prevents liver fibrosis. We examined liver and intestinal damage in Tlr7-/- mice to determine the role of TLR7 in ALD pathogenesis. In an alcoholic hepatitis (AH) mouse model, hepatic steatosis, injury, and inflammation were induced by chronic binge ethanol feeding in mice, and Tlr7 deficiency exacerbated these effects. Because these results demonstrated that endogenous TLR7 signaling activation is protective in the AH mouse model, we hypothesized that TLR7 activation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ALD. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effect of TLR7 agonistic agent, 1Z1, in the AH mouse model. Oral administration of 1Z1 was well tolerated and prevented intestinal barrier disruption and bacterial translocation, which thus suppressed ethanol-induced hepatic injury, steatosis, and inflammation. Furthermore, 1Z1 treatment up-regulated the expression of antimicrobial peptides, Reg3b and Reg3g, in the intestinal epithelium, which modulated the microbiome by decreasing and increasing the amount of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus, respectively. Additionally, 1Z1 up-regulated intestinal interleukin (IL)-22 expression. IL-22 deficiency abolished the protective effects of 1Z1 in ethanol-induced liver and intestinal damage, suggesting intestinal IL-22 as a crucial mediator for 1Z1-mediated protection in the AH mouse model. Collectively, our results indicate that TLR7 signaling exerts protective effects in the AH mouse model and that a TLR7 ligand, 1Z1, holds therapeutic potential for the treatment of AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Wang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Hiroshi Matsushita
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Vijay Pandyarajan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Koichiro Ohashi
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Takashi Tsuchiya
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Calvin Kiani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048;
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109
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Fachi JL, Pral LP, dos Santos JAC, Codo AC, de Oliveira S, Felipe JS, Zambom FFF, Câmara NOS, Vieira PMMM, Colonna M, Vinolo MAR. Hypoxia enhances ILC3 responses through HIF-1α-dependent mechanism. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:828-841. [PMID: 33446906 PMCID: PMC8221997 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) have a prominent role in the maintenance of intestine mucosa homeostasis. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important modulator of immune cell activation and a key mechanism for cellular adaptation to oxygen deprivation. However, its role on ILC3 is not well known. In this study, we investigated how a hypoxic environment modulates ILC3 response and the subsequent participation of HIF-1 signaling in this process. We found increased proliferation and activation of intestinal ILC3 at low oxygen levels, a response that was phenocopied when HIF-1α was chemically stabilized and was reversed when HIF-1 was blocked. The increased activation of ILC3 relied on a HIF-1α-dependent transcriptional program, but not on mTOR-signaling or a switch to glycolysis. HIF-1α deficiency in RORyt compartment resulted in impaired IL-17 and IL-22 production by ILC3 in vivo, which reflected in a lower expression of their target genes in the intestinal epithelium and an increased susceptibility to Clostridiodes difficile infection. Taken together, our results show that HIF-1α activation in intestinal ILC3 is relevant for their functions in steady state and infectious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Fachi
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - L. P. Pral
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J. A. C. dos Santos
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A. C. Codo
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - S. de Oliveira
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J. S. Felipe
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - F. F. F. Zambom
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N. O. S. Câmara
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. M. M. M. Vieira
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Obesity and Comorbolities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - M. Colonna
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - M. A. R. Vinolo
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Obesity and Comorbolities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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110
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Microbiota-mediated protection against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Genes Immun 2021; 22:255-267. [PMID: 33947987 PMCID: PMC8497270 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Colonization by the microbiota provides one of our most effective barriers against infection by pathogenic microbes. The microbiota protects against infection by priming immune defenses, by metabolic exclusion of pathogens from their preferred niches, and through direct antimicrobial antagonism. Disruption of the microbiota, especially by antibiotics, is a major risk factor for bacterial pathogen colonization. Restoration of the microbiota through microbiota transplantation has been shown to be an effective way to reduce pathogen burden in the intestine but comes with a number of drawbacks, including the possibility of transferring other pathogens into the host, lack of standardization, and potential disruption to host metabolism. More refined methods to exploit the power of the microbiota would allow us to utilize its protective power without the drawbacks of fecal microbiota transplantation. To achieve this requires detailed understanding of which members of the microbiota protect against specific pathogens and the mechanistic basis for their effects. In this review, we will discuss the clinical and experimental evidence that has begun to reveal which members of the microbiota protect against some of the most troublesome antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Clostridioides difficile.
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111
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Shin JH, Pawlowski SW, Warren CA. Teaching old mice new tricks: the utility of aged mouse models of C. difficile infection to study pathogenesis and rejuvenate immune response. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1966255. [PMID: 34432545 PMCID: PMC8405153 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1966255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile is a serious problem for the aging population. Aged mouse model of C. difficile infection (CDI) has emerged as a valuable tool to evaluate the mechanism of aging in CDI. METHODS We reviewed five published studies utilizing aged mice (7-28 months) for CDI model for findings that may advance our understanding of how aging influences outcome from CDI. RESULTS Aged mouse models of CDI uniformly demonstrated more severe disease in the old compared to young mice. Diminished neutrophil recruitment to intestinal tissue in aged mice is the most consistent finding. Differences in innate and humoral immune responses were also observed. The effects of aging on the outcome of infection were reversed by pharmacologic or microbiota-targeted interventions. CONCLUSION The aged mouse presents an important in vivo model to study CDI and elucidate the mechanisms underlying advanced age as an important risk factor for severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Cirle A. Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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112
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Pike CM, Theriot CM. Mechanisms of Colonization Resistance Against Clostridioides difficile. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:S194-S200. [PMID: 33326565 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is an urgent antimicrobial-resistant bacterium, causing mild to moderate and sometimes life-threatening disease. Commensal gut microbes are critical for providing colonization resistance against C difficile and can be leveraged as non-antibiotic alternative therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of C difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Pike
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Casey M Theriot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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113
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Tao ZH, Han JX, Fang JY. Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication: Exploring their impacts on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12754. [PMID: 32876377 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of microbiota research has remolded our view of human physiological and pathological processes. Among all the gastrointestinal microorganisms, Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is probably the most notorious constituent. Although half of the adults worldwide are infected with H pylori, their clinical manifestations vary widely, suggesting other microorganisms beyond H pylori may play a role in determining clinical outcomes. Recently, many studies have put effort into elucidating the crosstalk within the human microbiota, some of which specifically explored the interplay between H pylori and other gastrointestinal microbial members. In this work, we reviewed these potential interactions. Meanwhile, the impacts of H pylori eradication therapy on gastrointestinal microbial homeostasis were summarized in terms of diversity, composition, functional capacity, and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Xuan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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114
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Abstract
There are 100 trillion diverse bacterial residents in the mammalian gut. Commensal bacterial species/strains cooperate and compete with each other to establish a well-balanced community, crucial for the maintenance of host health. Pathogenic bacteria hijack cooperative mechanisms or use strategies to evade competitive mechanisms to establish infection. Moreover, pathogenic bacteria cause marked environmental changes in the gut, such as the induction of inflammation, which fosters the selective growth of pathogens. In this review, we summarize the latest findings concerning the mechanisms by which commensal bacterial species/strains colonize the gut through cooperative or competitive behaviors. We also review the mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria adapt to the inflamed gut and thrive at the expense of commensal bacteria. The understanding of bacterial adaptation to the healthy and the inflamed gut may provide new bacteria-targeted therapeutic approaches that selectively promote the expansion of beneficial commensal bacteria or limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,CONTACT Nobuhiko Kamada Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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115
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Tang R, Xiao X, Lu Y, Li H, Zhou Q, Kwadwo Nuro-Gyina P, Li X. Interleukin-22 attenuates renal tubular cells inflammation and fibrosis induced by TGF-β1 through Notch1 signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2020; 42:381-390. [PMID: 32338120 PMCID: PMC7241524 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1753538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a crucial factor implicated in the development of renal inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). The cytokine interleukin 22 (IL-22) was previously reported to involve in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, however recent studies showed that IL-22 could reduced inflammatory responses and tissue damage. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role and mechanisms of IL-22 in renal tubular cells inflammation and fibrosis induced by TGF-β1. HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 in the presence of IL-22 or the Notch pathway inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) for 48 h. Collagen I (Col I), fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and E-Cadherin were detected by western blot, proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES) were evaluated by ELISA. Jagged1, Notch1, NICD1, and Hes1 were also detected by western blot. We found TGF-β1 increased the levels of Col I, FN, α-SMA and vimentin in HK-2 cells compared with control, and decreased E-Cadherin level, however, IL-22 restored their expressions partly. IL-22 reduced overexpression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES) levels induced by TGF-β1, along with down-regulation of Jagged1, Notch, NICD1 and Hes1. Fibrosis and inflammation in renal tubular cells induced by TGF-β1 could be attenuated by IL-22, and the effects were similar to DBZ treatment. Collectively, our study shows that IL-22 exerts a protective role in renal fibrotic and inflammatory responses induced by TGF-β1 in vitro, which may be through inhibiting Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Xia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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116
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The Initial Gut Microbiota and Response to Antibiotic Perturbation Influence Clostridioides difficile Clearance in Mice. mSphere 2020; 5:5/5/e00869-20. [PMID: 33087520 PMCID: PMC7580958 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00869-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a leading nosocomial infection. Although perturbation to the gut microbiota is an established risk, there is variation in who becomes asymptomatically colonized, develops an infection, or has adverse infection outcomes. Mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI) are widely used to answer a variety of C. difficile pathogenesis questions. However, the interindividual variation between mice from the same breeding facility is less than what is observed in humans. Therefore, we challenged mice from 6 different breeding colonies with C. difficile. We found that the starting microbial community structures and C. difficile persistence varied by the source of mice. Interestingly, a subset of the bacteria that varied across sources were associated with how long C. difficile was able to colonize. By increasing the interindividual diversity of the starting communities, we were able to better model human diversity. This provided a more nuanced perspective of C. difficile pathogenesis. The gut microbiota has a key role in determining susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs). However, much of the mechanistic work examining CDIs in mouse models uses animals obtained from a single source. We treated mice from 6 sources (2 University of Michigan colonies and 4 commercial vendors) with clindamycin, followed by a C. difficile challenge, and then measured C. difficile colonization levels throughout the infection. The microbiota were profiled via 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the variation across sources and alterations due to clindamycin treatment and C. difficile challenge. While all mice were colonized 1 day postinfection, variation emerged from days 3 to 7 postinfection with animals from some sources colonized with C. difficile for longer and at higher levels. We identified bacteria that varied in relative abundance across sources and throughout the experiment. Some bacteria were consistently impacted by clindamycin treatment in all sources of mice, including Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. To identify bacteria that were most important to colonization regardless of the source, we created logistic regression models that successfully classified mice based on whether they cleared C. difficile by 7 days postinfection using community composition data at baseline, post-clindamycin treatment, and 1 day postinfection. With these models, we identified 4 bacterial taxa that were predictive of whether C. difficile cleared. They varied across sources (Bacteroides) or were altered by clindamycin (Porphyromonadaceae) or both (Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus). Allowing for microbiota variation across sources better emulates human interindividual variation and can help identify bacterial drivers of phenotypic variation in the context of CDIs. IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile is a leading nosocomial infection. Although perturbation to the gut microbiota is an established risk, there is variation in who becomes asymptomatically colonized, develops an infection, or has adverse infection outcomes. Mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI) are widely used to answer a variety of C. difficile pathogenesis questions. However, the interindividual variation between mice from the same breeding facility is less than what is observed in humans. Therefore, we challenged mice from 6 different breeding colonies with C. difficile. We found that the starting microbial community structures and C. difficile persistence varied by the source of mice. Interestingly, a subset of the bacteria that varied across sources were associated with how long C. difficile was able to colonize. By increasing the interindividual diversity of the starting communities, we were able to better model human diversity. This provided a more nuanced perspective of C. difficile pathogenesis.
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117
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Yan H, Yu B, Degroote J, Spranghers T, Van Noten N, Majdeddin M, Van Poucke M, Peelman L, De Vrieze J, Boon N, Gielen I, Smet SD, Chen D, Michiels J. Antibiotic affects the gut microbiota composition and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and myofiber types in skeletal muscle of piglets. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:392. [PMID: 33066774 PMCID: PMC7568366 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life antibiotic administration is known to affect gut microbiota and host adiposity, but the effects of antibiotic exposure on skeletal muscle properties remain unknown. The present study evaluated the changes in skeletal muscle properties including myofiber characteristics and composition, as well as intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle of piglets when exposed to a tylosin-containing diet. RESULTS A total of 18 piglets (28 days of age) were randomly allocated into two groups: control basal diet (Control) and Control + 100 mg tylosin phosphate/kg of feed (Antibiotic). The trial lasted for 39 days. High-throughput amplicon sequencing revealed that no significant difference in initial gut microbiota composition was existed between Control and Antibiotic groups. Antibiotic administration increased body weight and growth rate and decreased feed to gain ratio of pigs (P < 0.05). The carcass lean and fat volumes of pigs were increased by the tylosin administration (P < 0.05). Antibiotic treatment increased myofiber density and the expression of genes related to type I and type IIb myofibers in longissimus muscle (P < 0.05). The IMF content in longissimus muscle was increased by antibiotic exposure (P < 0.05). Antibiotic administration increased expression of genes related to fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis, and decreased expression of genes related to triglyceride hydrolysis (P < 0.05). Tylosin administration affected taxonomic distribution and beta diversity of the caecal and colonic microbiota of piglets. CONCLUSION These results confirm that the growth performance, myofiber composition and muscle lipid metabolism are affected by antibiotic administration, which may be associated with an altered gut microbiota, suggesting that the gut microbiota could be served as a potential target for modulating skeletal muscle properties of host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Spranghers
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noémie Van Noten
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maryam Majdeddin
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Gielen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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118
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Sabihi M, Böttcher M, Pelczar P, Huber S. Microbiota-Dependent Effects of IL-22. Cells 2020; 9:E2205. [PMID: 33003458 PMCID: PMC7599675 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are important contributors to immune responses against microbial and environmental threats and are of particular importance at epithelial barriers. These interfaces are continuously exposed to external factors and thus require immune components to both protect the host from pathogen invasion and to regulate overt inflammation. Recently, substantial efforts have been devoted to understanding how cytokines act on certain cells at barrier sites, and why the dysregulation of immune responses may lead to pathogenesis. In particular, the cytokine IL-22 is involved in preserving an intact epithelium, maintaining a balanced microbiota and a functioning defense system against external threats. However, a tight regulation of IL-22 is generally needed, since uncontrolled IL-22 production can lead to the progression of autoimmunity and cancer. Our aim in this review is to summarize novel findings on IL-22 and its interactions with specific microbial stimuli, and subsequently, to understand their contributions to the function of IL-22 and the clinical outcome. We particularly focus on understanding the detrimental effects of dysregulated control of IL-22 in certain disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
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119
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Bushman FD, Conrad M, Ren Y, Zhao C, Gu C, Petucci C, Kim MS, Abbas A, Downes KJ, Devas N, Mattei LM, Breton J, Kelsen J, Marakos S, Galgano A, Kachelries K, Erlichman J, Hart JL, Moraskie M, Kim D, Zhang H, Hofstaedter CE, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Zackular JP, Li H, Bittinger K, Baldassano R. Multi-omic Analysis of the Interaction between Clostridioides difficile Infection and Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:422-433.e7. [PMID: 32822584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are particularly vulnerable to infection with Clostridioides difficile (CDI). IBD and IBD + CDI have overlapping symptoms but respond to distinctive treatments, highlighting the need for diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we studied pediatric patients with IBD and IBD + CDI, comparing longitudinal data on the gut microbiome, metabolome, and other measures. The microbiome is dysbiotic and heterogeneous in both disease states, but the metabolome reveals disease-specific patterns. The IBD group shows increased concentrations of markers of inflammation and tissue damage compared with healthy controls, and metabolic changes associate with susceptibility to CDI. In IBD + CDI, we detect both metabolites associated with inflammation/tissue damage and fermentation products produced by C. difficile. The most discriminating metabolite found is isocaproyltaurine, a covalent conjugate of a distinctive C. difficile fermentation product (isocaproate) and an amino acid associated with tissue damage (taurine), which may be useful as a joint marker of the two disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Maire Conrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yue Ren
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Gu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Petucci
- Metabolomics Core, Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Metabolomics Core, Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arwa Abbas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin J Downes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nina Devas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lisa M Mattei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica Breton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Judith Kelsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Marakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alissa Galgano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelly Kachelries
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessi Erlichman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica L Hart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Moraskie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dorothy Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huanjia Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Casey E Hofstaedter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James D Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph P Zackular
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert Baldassano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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120
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Identification of Simplified Microbial Communities That Inhibit Clostridioides difficile Infection through Dilution/Extinction. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00387-20. [PMID: 32727857 PMCID: PMC7392540 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00387-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in limiting susceptibility to infection with Clostridioides difficile To better understand the ecology of bacteria important for C. difficile colonization resistance, we developed an experimental platform to simplify complex communities of fecal bacteria through dilution and rapidly screen for their ability to resist C. difficile colonization after challenge, as measured by >100-fold reduction in levels of C. difficile in challenged communities. We screened 76 simplified communities diluted from cultures of six fecal donors and identified 24 simplified communities that inhibited C. difficile colonization in vitro Sequencing revealed that simplified communities were composed of 19 to 67 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and could be partitioned into four distinct community types. One simplified community could be further simplified from 56 to 28 OTUs through dilution and retain the ability to inhibit C. difficile We tested the efficacy of seven simplified communities in a humanized microbiota mouse model. We found that four communities were able to significantly reduce the severity of the initial C. difficile infection and limit susceptibility to disease relapse. Analysis of fecal microbiomes from treated mice demonstrated that simplified communities accelerated recovery of indigenous bacteria and led to stable engraftment of 19 to 22 OTUs from simplified communities. Overall, the insights gained through the identification and characterization of these simplified communities increase our understanding of the microbial dynamics of C. difficile infection and recovery.IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and a significant health care burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation is highly effective at treating recurrent C. difficile disease; however, uncertainties about the undefined composition of fecal material and potential long-term unintended health consequences remain. These concerns have motivated studies to identify new communities of microbes with a simpler composition that will be effective at treating disease. This work describes a platform for rapidly identifying and screening new simplified communities for efficacy in treating C. difficile infection. Four new simplified communities of microbes with potential for development of new therapies to treat C. difficile disease are identified. While this platform was developed and validated to model infection with C. difficile, the underlying principles described in the paper could be easily modified to develop therapeutics to treat other gastrointestinal diseases.
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121
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Wu Q, Savidge TC. Systems approaches for the clinical diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection. Transl Res 2020; 220:57-67. [PMID: 32272094 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent threat to global public health. Patient susceptibility to C. difficile is highly dependent on host immune status and gut dysbiosis resulting in loss of protective microbiota consortia that prevent spore germination, pathogen colonization, and disease pathogenesis. Recent clinical studies highlight the problems of differentiating symptomatic CDI from asymptomatic C. difficile carriage in patients with diarrhea. In this review, we consider how integration of microbiome and host immune systems biology data may aid in the clinical diagnosis of CDI when validated against gold standard testing and combined with standard microbiology laboratory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
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122
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Wang H, Chen G, Li X, Zheng F, Zeng X. Yeast β-glucan, a potential prebiotic, showed a similar probiotic activity to inulin. Food Funct 2020; 11:10386-10396. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucan, an economical by-product of yeast, showed a similar probiotic activity to inulinw, which is expected to be a potential prebiotic for the modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Wang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment
- Beijing 100022
- China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering
- Yancheng Teachers’ University
- Yancheng
- China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
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