101
|
Lee S, Park MS, Lee H, Kim JJ, Eimes JA, Lim YW. Fungal Diversity and Enzyme Activity Associated with the Macroalgae, Agarum clathratum. MYCOBIOLOGY 2019; 47:50-58. [PMID: 31001450 PMCID: PMC6452909 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2019.1580464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agarum clathratum, a brown macroalgae species, has recently become a serious environmental problem on the coasts of Korea. In an effort to solve this problem, fungal diversity associated with decaying A. clathratum was investigated and related β-glucosidase and endoglucanase activities were described. A total of 233 fungal strains were isolated from A. clathratum at 15 sites and identified 89 species based on morphology and a multigene analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and protein-coding genes including actin (act), β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM), and translation elongation factor (tef1). Acremonium, Corollospora, and Penicillium were the dominant genera, and Acremonium fuci and Corollospora gracilis were the dominant species. Fifty-one species exhibited cellulase activity, with A. fuci, Alfaria terrestris, Hypoxylon perforatum, P. madriti, and Pleosporales sp. Five showing the highest enzyme activities. Further enzyme quantification confirmed that these species had higher cellulase activity than P. crysogenum, a fungal species described in previous studies. This study lays the groundwork for bioremediation using fungi to remove decaying seaweed from populated areas and provides important background for potential industrial applications of environmentally friendly processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seobihn Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John A. Eimes
- University College, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Which came first: The disease or the pest? Is there a host mediated spread of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) by invasive palm pests? J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 162:26-42. [PMID: 30735763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is threatening the palm family worldwide, causing important economic losses. Current tactics to manage the weevil are largely based on chemical control, although the use of pesticides is hampered by several environmental constraints. Since the first introduction of RPW in Spain in 1996 and during its progressive spread around the Mediterranean basin, the number of reports of natural infection of RPW populations by entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) has been rising for 15 years, and this rise could support a pest-mediated EPF spread. To challenge this hypothesis, we assessed the usefulness of the region of elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), Bloc nuclear intergenic region (Bloc) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, alone or in combination, to infer the relationships among Mediterranean Beauveria and Metarhizium strains isolated from the RPW. Second, the effect of abiotic factors, such as temperature, humidity and UV-B radiation, on the germination and growth of these EPFs strains as a function of their genealogy and geographic origin were determined. Finally, the pathogenicity of strains from different genetic clades was evaluated against larvae and adults of R. ferrugineus. The phylogenetic analysis based on the EF-1α gene identified eight different sequences among 24 fungal isolates of four fungal species. Similar clades were clustered when Bloc and ISSR analyses were performed. The results showed that strains of different origins were clustered in the same clade, and this outcome could be explained by an RPW-mediated EPF spread that was also influenced by time, geographical and other RPW related factors. Neither the response to abiotic factors nor virulence to RPW larvae and adults were related to the sequence type, with all B. bassiana strains well adapted to Mediterraneam climatic conditions. Taken together, these findings may help to select the best strain for RPW management.
Collapse
|
103
|
Pollard AT, Okubara PA. Real-time PCR quantification of Fusarium avenaceum in soil and seeds. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 157:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
104
|
Jacobs-Venter A, Laraba I, Geiser DM, Busman M, Vaughan MM, Proctor RH, McCormick SP, O'Donnell K. Molecular systematics of two sister clades, the Fusarium concolor and F. babinda species complexes, and the discovery of a novel microcycle macroconidium-producing species from South Africa. Mycologia 2018; 110:1189-1204. [PMID: 30522417 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1526619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multilocus DNA sequence data were used to investigate species identity and diversity in two sister clades, the Fusarium concolor (FCOSC) and F. babinda species complexes. Of the 109 isolates analyzed, only 4 were received correctly identified to species and these included 1/46 F. concolor, 1/31 F. babinda, and 2/3 F. anguioides. The majority of the F. concolor and F. babinda isolates were received as F. polyphialidicum, which is a heterotypic synonym of the former species. Previously documented from South America, Africa, Europe, and Australia, our data show that F. concolor is also present in North America. The present study expands the known distribution of F. babinda in Australia to Asia, Europe, and North America. The molecular phylogenetic results support the recognition of a novel Fusarium species within the FCOSC, which is described and illustrated here as F. austroafricanum, sp. nov. It was isolated as an endophyte of kikuyu grass associated with a putative mycotoxicosis of cattle and from plant debris in soil in South Africa. Fusarium austroafricanum is most similar morphologically to F. concolor and F. babinda but differs from the latter two species in producing (i) much longer macroconidia in which the apical cell is blunt to slightly papillate and the basal cell is only slightly notched and (ii) macroconidia via microcycle conidiation on water agar. BLASTn searches of the whole genome sequence of F. austroafricanum NRRL 53441 were conducted to predict mycotoxin potential, using genes known to be essential for the synthesis of several mycotoxins and biologically active metabolites. Based on the presence of intact gene clusters that confer the ability to synthesize mycotoxins and pigments, we analyzed cracked corn kernel cultures of F. austroafricanum via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) but failed to detect these metabolites in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriaana Jacobs-Venter
- a Biosystematics Unit, Plant Health and Protection, Agricultural Research Council , Pretoria , 0001 South Africa
| | - Imane Laraba
- b Laboratoire de phytopathologie et de biologie moléculaire, département de botanique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique , Algiers , Algeria
| | - David M Geiser
- c Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology , Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Mark Busman
- d Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 60604-3999
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- d Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 60604-3999
| | - Robert H Proctor
- d Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 60604-3999
| | - Susan P McCormick
- d Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 60604-3999
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- d Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 60604-3999
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Genetic Differentiation Associated with Fumonisin and Gibberellin Production in Japanese Fusarium fujikuroi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 85:AEM.02414-18. [PMID: 30341078 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02414-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi is a pathogenic fungus that infects rice. It produces several important mycotoxins, such as fumonisins. Fumonisin production has been detected in strains of maize, strawberry, and wheat, whereas it has not been detected in strains from rice seedlings infested with bakanae disease in Japan. We investigated the genetic relationships, pathogenicity, and resistance to a fungicide, thiophanate-methyl (TM), in 51 fumonisin-producing strains and 44 nonproducing strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and two specific genes (a combined sequence of translation elongation factor 1α [TEF1α] and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit [RPB2]) indicated differential clustering between the fumonisin-producing and -nonproducing strains. One of the AFLP markers, EATMCAY107, was specifically present in the fumonisin-producing strains. A specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between the fumonisin-producing and nonproducing strains was also detected in RPB2, in addition to an SNP previously found in TEF1α. Gibberellin production was higher in the nonproducing than in the producing strains according to an in vitro assay, and the nonproducing strains had the strongest pathogenicity with regard to rice seedlings. TM resistance was closely correlated with the cluster of fumonisin-nonproducing strains. The results indicate that intraspecific evolution in Japanese F. fujikuroi is associated with fumonisin production and pathogenicity. Two subgroups of Japanese F. fujikuroi, designated G group and F group, were distinguished based on phylogenetic differences and the high production of gibberellin and fumonisin, respectively.IMPORTANCE Fusarium fujikuroi is a pathogenic fungus that causes rice bakanae disease. Historically, this pathogen has been known as Fusarium moniliforme, along with many other species based on a broad species concept. Gibberellin, which is currently known as a plant hormone, is a virulence factor of F. fujikuroi Fumonisin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin posing a serious threat to food and feed safety. Although it has been confirmed that F. fujikuroi produces gibberellin and fumonisin, production varies among strains, and individual production has been obscured by the traditional appellation of F. moniliforme, difficulties in species identification, and variation in the assays used to determine the production of these secondary metabolites. In this study, we discovered two phylogenetic subgroups associated with fumonisin and gibberellin production in Japanese F. fujikuroi.
Collapse
|
106
|
|
107
|
O’Donnell K, McCormick SP, Busman M, Proctor RH, Ward TJ, Doehring G, Geiser DM, Alberts JF, Rheeder JP. Marasas et al. 1984 “Toxigenic Fusarium Species: Identity and Mycotoxicology” revisited. Mycologia 2018; 110:1058-1080. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1519773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry O’Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Susan P. McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Mark Busman
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Robert H. Proctor
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Todd J. Ward
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Gail Doehring
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
| | - David M. Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Johanna F. Alberts
- Mycotoxicology and Chemoprevention Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology (IBMB), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - John P. Rheeder
- Mycotoxicology and Chemoprevention Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology (IBMB), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Fusarium udum revisited: a common, but poorly understood member of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
109
|
Mizutani Y, Abraham A, Uesaka K, Kondo H, Suga H, Suzuki N, Chiba S. Novel Mitoviruses and a Unique Tymo-Like Virus in Hypovirulent and Virulent Strains of the Fusarium Head Blight Fungus, Fusarium boothii. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110584. [PMID: 30373133 PMCID: PMC6266667 DOI: 10.3390/v10110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypovirulence of phytopathogenic fungi are often conferred by mycovirus(es) infections and for this reason many mycoviruses have been characterized, contributing to a better understanding of virus diversity. In this study, three strains of Fusarium head blight fungus (Fusarium boothii) were isolated from Ethiopian wheats as dsRNA-carrying strains: hypovirulent Ep-BL13 (>10, 3 and 2.5 kbp dsRNAs), and virulent Ep-BL14 and Ep-N28 (3 kbp dsRNA each) strains. The 3 kbp-dsRNAs shared 98% nucleotide identity and have single ORFs encoding a replicase when applied to mitochondrial codon usage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these were strains of a new species termed Fusarium boothii mitovirus 1 in the genus Mitovirus. The largest and smallest dsRNAs in Ep-BL13 appeared to possess single ORFs and the smaller was originated from the larger by removal of its most middle part. The large dsRNA encoded a replicase sharing the highest amino acid identity (35%) with that of Botrytis virus F, the sole member of the family Gammaflexiviridae. Given that the phylogenetic placement, large genome size, simple genomic and unusual 3′-terminal RNA structures were far different from members in the order Tymovirales, the virus termed Fusarium boothii large flexivirus 1 may form a novel genus and family under the order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyoshi Mizutani
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Adane Abraham
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Uesaka
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
- Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Nirenberg HI, O'Donnell K, Kroschel J, Andrianaivo AP, Frank JM, Mubatanhema W. Two new species ofFusarium: Fusarium brevicatenulatumfrom the noxious weedStriga asiaticain Madagascar andFusarium pseudoanthophilumfromZea maysin Zimbabwe. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1998.12026930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helgard I. Nirenberg
- Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Königin-Luise-Straβe 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Microbial Properties Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604 USA
| | - J. Kroschel
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, University of Hohenheim (380), D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A. P. Andrianaivo
- Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developpement Rural, Division de Recherches Agronomiques, Division de Pathologie Vegetale, P.O. Box 1444 FOFIFA/Ambatobe - Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - J. Mick Frank
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 5XH, England
| | - Wellington Mubatanhema
- University of Zimbabwe, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Family Sciences, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Torbati M, Arzanlou M, Sandoval-Denis M, Crous PW. Multigene phylogeny reveals new fungicolous species in the Fusarium tricinctum species complex and novel hosts in the genus Fusarium from Iran. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
112
|
Wingfield BD, Liu M, Nguyen HDT, Lane FA, Morgan SW, De Vos L, Wilken PM, Duong TA, Aylward J, Coetzee MPA, Dadej K, De Beer ZW, Findlay W, Havenga M, Kolařík M, Menzies JG, Naidoo K, Pochopski O, Shoukouhi P, Santana QC, Seifert KA, Soal N, Steenkamp ET, Tatham CT, van der Nest MA, Wingfield MJ. Nine draft genome sequences of Claviceps purpurea s.lat., including C. arundinis, C. humidiphila, and C. cf. spartinae, pseudomolecules for the pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum, draft genome of Davidsoniella eucalypti, Grosmannia galeiformis, Quambalaria eucalypti, and Teratosphaeria destructans. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:401-418. [PMID: 30622889 PMCID: PMC6317589 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This genome announcement includes draft genomes from Claviceps purpurea s.lat., including C. arundinis, C. humidiphila and C. cf. spartinae. The draft genomes of Davidsoniella eucalypti, Quambalaria eucalypti and Teratosphaeria destructans, all three important eucalyptus pathogens, are presented. The insect associate Grosmannia galeiformis is also described. The pine pathogen genome of Fusarium circinatum has been assembled into pseudomolecules, based on additional sequence data and by harnessing the known synteny within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. This new assembly of the F. circinatum genome provides 12 pseudomolecules that correspond to the haploid chromosome number of F. circinatum. These are comparable to other chromosomal assemblies within the FFSC and will enable more robust genomic comparisons within this species complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Miao Liu
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Hai D T Nguyen
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Frances A Lane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Seamus W Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - P Markus Wilken
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Tuan A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Janneke Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Martin P A Coetzee
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Kasia Dadej
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Z Wilhelm De Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Wendy Findlay
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Minette Havenga
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jim G Menzies
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Kershney Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Olivia Pochopski
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Parivash Shoukouhi
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Quentin C Santana
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Nicole Soal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Emma T Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Catherine T Tatham
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Margriet A van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Fourie G, Van der Merwe NA, Wingfield BD, Bogale M, Wingfield MJ, Steenkamp ET. Mitochondrial introgression and interspecies recombination in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:37-48. [PMID: 30018871 PMCID: PMC6048563 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) is an economically important monophyletic lineage in the genus Fusarium. Incongruence observed among mitochondrial gene trees, as well as the multiple non-orthologous copies of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA genes, suggests that the origin and history of this complex likely involved interspecies gene flow. Based on this hypothesis, the mitochondrial genomes of non-conspecific species should harbour signatures of introgression or introgressive hybridization. The aim of this study was therefore to search for recombination between the mitochondrial genomes of different species in the FFSC. Using methods based on mt genome sequence similarity, five significant recombinant regions in both gene and intergenic regions were detected. Using coalescent-based methods and the sequences for individual mt genes, various ancestral recombination events between different lineages of the FFSC were also detected. These findings suggest that interspecies gene flow and introgression are likely to have played key roles in the evolution of the FFSC at both ancient and more recent time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Fourie
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicolaas A Van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mesfin Bogale
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emma T Steenkamp
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Lücking R, Hawksworth DL. Formal description of sequence-based voucherless Fungi: promises and pitfalls, and how to resolve them. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:143-166. [PMID: 30018876 PMCID: PMC6048566 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is urgent need for a formal nomenclature of sequence-based, voucherless Fungi, given that environmental sequencing has accumulated more than one billion fungal ITS reads in the Sequence Read Archive, about 1,000 times as many as fungal ITS sequences in GenBank. These unnamed Fungi could help to bridge the gap between 115,000 to 140,000 currently accepted and 2.2 to 3.8 million predicted species, a gap that cannot realistically be filled using specimen or culture-based inventories. The Code never aimed at placing restrictions on the nature of characters chosen for taxonomy, and the requirement for physical types is now becoming a constraint on the advancement of science. We elaborate on the promises and pitfalls of sequence-based nomenclature and provide potential solutions to major concerns of the mycological community. Types of sequence-based taxa, which by default lack a physical specimen or culture, could be designated in four alternative ways: (1) the underlying sample ('bag' type), (2) the DNA extract, (3) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), or (4) the type sequence itself. Only (4) would require changes to the Code and the latter would be the most straightforward approach, complying with three of the five principal functions of types better than physical specimens. A fifth way, representation of the sequence in an illustration, has been ruled as unacceptable in the Code. Potential flaws in sequence data are analogous to flaws in physical types, and artifacts are manageable if a stringent analytical approach is applied. Conceptual errors such as homoplasy, intragenomic variation, gene duplication, hybridization, and horizontal gene transfer, apply to all molecular approaches and cannot be used as a specific argument against sequence-based nomenclature. The potential impact of these phenomena is manageable, as phylogenetic species delimitation has worked satisfactorily in Fungi. The most serious shortcoming of sequence-based nomenclature is the likelihood of parallel classifications, either by describing taxa that already have names based on physical types, or by using different markers to delimit species within the same lineage. The probability of inadvertently establishing sequence-based species that have names available is between 20.4 % and 1.5 % depending on the number of globally predicted fungal species. This compares favourably to a historical error rate of about 30 % based on physical types, and this rate could be reduced to practically zero by adding specific provisions to this approach in the Code. To avoid parallel classifications based on different markers, sequence-based nomenclature should be limited to a single marker, preferably the fungal ITS barcoding marker; this is possible since sequence-based nomenclature does not aim at accurate species delimitation but at naming lineages to generate a reference database, independent of whether these lineages represent species, closely related species complexes, or infraspecies. We argue that clustering methods are inappropriate for sequence-based nomenclature; this approach must instead use phylogenetic methods based on multiple alignments, combined with quantitative species recognition methods. We outline strategies to obtain higher-level phylogenies for ITS-based, voucherless species, including phylogenetic binning, 'hijacking' species delimitation methods, and temporal banding. We conclude that voucherless, sequence-based nomenclature is not a threat to specimen and culture-based fungal taxonomy, but a complementary approach capable of substantially closing the gap between known and predicted fungal diversity, an approach that requires careful work and high skill levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; and Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province,130118 China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Regional differences in the composition of Fusarium Head Blight pathogens and mycotoxins associated with wheat in Mexico. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 273:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
116
|
Jayawardena RS, Purahong W, Zhang W, Wubet T, Li X, Liu M, Zhao W, Hyde KD, Liu J, Yan J. Biodiversity of fungi on Vitis vinifera L. revealed by traditional and high-resolution culture-independent approaches. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
117
|
van Dam P, de Sain M, Ter Horst A, van der Gragt M, Rep M. Use of Comparative Genomics-Based Markers for Discrimination of Host Specificity in Fusarium oxysporum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01868-17. [PMID: 29030446 PMCID: PMC5734036 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01868-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphyletic nature of many formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum prevents molecular identification of newly encountered strains based on conserved, vertically inherited genes. Alternative molecular detection methods that could replace labor- and time-intensive disease assays are therefore highly desired. Effectors are functional elements in the pathogen-host interaction and have been found to show very limited sequence diversity between strains of the same forma specialis, which makes them potential markers for host-specific pathogenicity. We therefore compared candidate effector genes extracted from 60 existing and 22 newly generated genome assemblies, specifically targeting strains affecting cucurbit plant species. Based on these candidate effector genes, a total of 18 PCR primer pairs were designed to discriminate between each of the seven Cucurbitaceae-affecting formae speciales When tested on a collection of strains encompassing different clonal lineages of these formae speciales, nonpathogenic strains, and strains of other formae speciales, they allowed clear recognition of the host range of each evaluated strain. Within Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis more genetic variability exists than anticipated, resulting in three F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis marker patterns that partially overlapped with the cucurbit-infecting Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae, and/or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lagenariae For F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, a multiplex TaqMan assay was evaluated and was shown to allow quantitative and specific detection of template DNA quantities as low as 2.5 pg. These results provide ready-to-use marker sequences for the mentioned F. oxysporum pathogens. Additionally, the method can be applied to find markers distinguishing other host-specific forms of F. oxysporumIMPORTANCE Pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum are differentiated into formae speciales based on their host range, which is normally restricted to only one or a few plant species. However, horizontal gene transfer between strains in the species complex has resulted in a polyphyletic origin of host specificity in many of these formae speciales This hinders accurate and rapid pathogen detection through molecular methods. In our research, we compared the genomes of 88 strains of F. oxysporum with each other, specifically targeting virulence-related genes that are typically highly similar within each forma specialis Using this approach, we identified marker sequences that allow the discrimination of F. oxysporum strains affecting various cucurbit plant species through different PCR-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Dam
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mara de Sain
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anneliek Ter Horst
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michelle van der Gragt
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Rep
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Rajendran RK, Lin CC, Huang SL, Kirschner R. Enrichment, isolation, and biodegradation potential of long-branched chain alkylphenol degrading non-ligninolytic fungi from wastewater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 125:416-425. [PMID: 28964501 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
4-t-Octylphenol (4-t-OP) has become a serious environmental concern due to the endocrine disruption in animals and humans. The biodegradation of 4-t-OP by pure cultures has been extensively investigated only in bacteria and wood-decaying fungi. In this study we isolated and identified 14 filamentous fungal strains from wastewater samples in Taiwan using 4-t-OP as a sole carbon and energy source. The isolates were identified based on sequences from different DNA regions. Of 14 fungal isolates, 10 strains grew effectively on solid medium with a wide variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals as the sole carbon and energy source. As revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, the most effective 4-t-OP degradation (>70%) in liquid medium was observed in Fusarium falciforme after 15days. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the degradation of 4-t-OP as a sole carbon and energy source by non-ligninolytic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Rajendran
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Ly Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roland Kirschner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Slippers B, Crous PW, Jami F, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ. Diversity in the Botryosphaeriales: Looking back, looking forward. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:307-321. [PMID: 28317537 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Botryosphaeriales are amongst the most widespread, common and important fungal pathogens of woody plants. Many are also known to exist as endophytes in healthy plant tissues. This special issue highlights a number of key themes in the study of this group of fungi. In particular, there have been dramatic taxonomic changes over the past decade; from one family to nine (including two in this special issue) and from 10 to 33 genera known from culture. It is also clear from many studies that neither morphology nor single locus sequence data are sufficient to define taxa. This problem is exacerbated by the increasing recognition of cryptic species and hybrids (as highlighted for the first time in this special issue). It is futile that management strategies, including quarantine, continue to rely on outdated taxonomic definitions and identification tools. This is especially true in light of growing evidence that many species continue to be moved globally as endophytes in plants and plant products. A well defined natural classification and an extensive collection of tools to study the Botryosphaeriaceae, including a growing number of genomes, now provide a springboard for a much deeper exploration of their biology, biogeography and host associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Slippers
- Department of Genetics, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Pedro Willem Crous
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fahimeh Jami
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Michael John Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Steenkamp ET, Wingfield BD, Desjardins AE, Marasas WF, Wingfield MJ. Cryptic speciation inFusarium subglutinans. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2003.11833158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Anne E. Desjardins
- Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization of Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Services, 1815 N University Street, Preoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Walter F.O. Marasas
- PROMEC, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Geiser DM, Lewis Ivey ML, Hakiza G, Juba JH, Miller SA. Gibberella xylarioides(anamorph:Fusarium xylarioides),a causative agent of coffee wilt disease in Africa, is a previously unrecognized member of theG. fujikuroispecies complex. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Melanie L. Lewis Ivey
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691
| | - Georgina Hakiza
- Coffee Research Institute (CORI), P.O.Box 185, Mukono-Kituza, Uganda
| | - Jean H. Juba
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Sally A. Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Schroers HJ, O’Donnell K, Lamprecht SC, Kammeyer PL, Johnson S, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG, Geiser DM, Summerbell RC. Taxonomy and phylogeny of theFusarium dimerumspecies group. Mycologia 2017; 101:44-70. [DOI: 10.3852/08-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry O’Donnell
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | | | | | - Stuart Johnson
- Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | | | - Michael G. Rinaldi
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - David M. Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Richard C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario, M6K 1Y9, Canada; CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Kelly A, Proctor RH, Belzile F, Chulze SN, Clear RM, Cowger C, Elmer W, Lee T, Obanor F, Waalwijk C, Ward TJ. The geographic distribution and complex evolutionary history of the NX-2 trichothecene chemotype from Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 95:39-48. [PMID: 27497828 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum and 21 related species comprising the F. sambucinum species complex lineage 1 (FSAMSC-1) are the most important Fusarium Head Blight pathogens of cereal crops world-wide. FSAMSC-1 species typically produce type B trichothecenes. However, some F. graminearum strains were recently found to produce a novel type A trichothecene (NX-2) resulting from functional variation in the trichothecene biosynthetic enzyme Tri1. We used a PCR-RFLP assay targeting the TRI1 gene to identify the NX-2 allele among a global collection of 2515 F. graminearum. NX-2 isolates were only found in southern Canada and the northern U.S., where they were observed at low frequency (1.8%), but over a broader geographic range and set of cereal hosts than previously recognized. Phylogenetic analyses of TRI1 and adjacent genes produced gene trees that were incongruent with the history of species divergence within FSAMSC-1, indicating trans-species evolution of ancestral polymorphism. In addition, placement of NX-2 strains in the TRI1 gene tree was influenced by the accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions associated with the evolution of the NX-2 chemotype, and a significant (P<0.001) change in selection pressure was observed along the NX-2 branch (ω=1.16) in comparison to other branches (ω=0.17) in the TRI1 phylogeny. Parameter estimates were consistent with positive selection for specific amino-acid changes during the evolution of NX-2, but direct tests of positive selection were not significant. Phylogenetic analyses of fourfold degenerate sites and intron sequences in TRI1 indicated the NX-2 chemotype had a single evolutionary origin and evolved recently from a type B ancestor. Our results indicate the NX-2 chemotype may be indigenous, and possibly endemic, to southern Canada and the northern U.S. In addition, we demonstrate that the evolution of TRI1 within FSAMSC-1 has been complex, with evidence of trans-species evolution and chemotype-specific shifts in selective constraint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kelly
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Robert H Proctor
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Francois Belzile
- Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sofia N Chulze
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto-CONICET, Rutas 8 and 36 Km 601, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Christina Cowger
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 3411 Gardner Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wade Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Theresa Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Friday Obanor
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Todd J Ward
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Pearson K, Taylor A, Fuchs R, Woodward S. Characterisation and pathogenicity of Fusarium taxa isolated from ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) roots. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
125
|
Mohammadi A, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Kachuei R, Gholami-Shabani M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Giberella fujikuroi species complex isolated from maize and wheat in Iran: distribution, molecular identification and fumonisin B1 in vitro biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1333-1340. [PMID: 25903322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination of food and agricultural crops by Fusarium species is a major concern of food spoilage and a potential public health hazard. In the present study, natural contamination of maize and wheat samples from main cultivation areas of Iran by Fusarium species belonging to the Giberella fujikuroi species complex was evaluated, with special attention to the ability of the isolates to produce fumonisin B1 (FB1 ). RESULTS A total of 55 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 27/32 maize samples (84.4%) and 11/15 wheat samples (73.3%). They were identified as F. verticillioides (47.3%), F. proliferatum (47.3%), F. fujikuroi (1.8%), F. nygamai (1.8%) and F. redolens (1.8%) by sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α). Twenty-two of 55 Fusarium isolates belonging to F. proliferatum (23.6%), F. verticillioides (14.5%) and F. fujikuroi (1.8%) produced FB1 in the concentration range 230.4-9565.0 µg mL(-1) . The dendrogram resulting from the TEF1-α profile showed that the genotypes were divided into clusters I, II and III, of which cluster III contained only F. redolens, its first report from Iran. CONCLUSION On the basis of in vitro FB1 biosynthesis of the analyzed strains, the high degree of contamination of maize and wheat with Fusarium strains reported here should be considered as a potential public health threat, because a meaningful number of the isolates were found to produce hazardous levels of carcinogenic FB1 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Mohammadi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran
| | - Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Group, Lorestan University, PO Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Álvarez-Baz G, Fernández-Bravo M, Pajares J, Quesada-Moraga E. Potential of native Beauveria pseudobassiana strain for biological control of Pine Wood Nematode vector Monochamus galloprovincialis. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 132:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
127
|
Wingfield BD, Ades PK, Al-Naemi FA, Beirn LA, Bihon W, Crouch JA, de Beer ZW, De Vos L, Duong TA, Fields CJ, Fourie G, Kanzi AM, Malapi-Wight M, Pethybridge SJ, Radwan O, Rendon G, Slippers B, Santana QC, Steenkamp ET, Taylor PW, Vaghefi N, van der Merwe NA, Veltri D, Wingfield MJ. IMA Genome-F 4: Draft genome sequences of Chrysoporthe austroafricana, Diplodia scrobiculata, Fusarium nygamai, Leptographium lundbergii, Limonomyces culmigenus, Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and Thielaviopsis punctulata. IMA Fungus 2015; 6:233-48. [PMID: 26203426 PMCID: PMC4500086 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of Chrysoporthe austroafricana, Diplodia scrobiculata, Fusarium nygami, Leptographium lundbergii, Limonomyces culmigenus, Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and Thielaviopsis punctulata are presented in this genome announcement. These seven genomes are from endophytes, plant pathogens and economically important fungal species. The genome sizes range from 26.6 Mb in the case of Leptographium lundbergii to 44 Mb for Chrysoporthe austroafricana. The availability of these genome data will provide opportunities to resolve longstanding questions regarding the taxonomy of species in these genera, and may contribute to our understanding of the lifestyles through comparative studies with closely related organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Peter K. Ades
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fatima A. Al-Naemi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lisa A. Beirn
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wubetu Bihon
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, P. Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Christopher J. Fields
- High Performance Biological Computing Group, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center/W.M. Keck Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Gerda Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Aquillah M. Kanzi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Martha Malapi-Wight
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Sarah J. Pethybridge
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Osman Radwan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA and Department of Plant Production, College of Technology, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Gloria Rendon
- High Performance Biological Computing Group, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center/W.M. Keck Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Quentin C. Santana
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Emma T. Steenkamp
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Paul W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Nicolaas A. van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Daniel Veltri
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Oak Ridge Laboratories ARS Research Participation Program, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Wingfield MJ. Identifying and naming plant-pathogenic fungi: past, present, and future. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 53:247-267. [PMID: 26047568 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scientific names are crucial in communicating knowledge about fungi. In plant pathology, they link information regarding the biology, host range, distribution, and potential risk. Our understanding of fungal biodiversity and fungal systematics has undergone an exponential leap, incorporating genomics, web-based systems, and DNA data for rapid identification to link species to metadata. The impact of our ability to recognize hitherto unknown organisms on plant pathology and trade is enormous and continues to grow. Major challenges for phytomycology are intertwined with the Genera of Fungi project, which adds DNA barcodes to known biodiversity and corrects the application of old, established names via epi- or neotypification. Implementing the one fungus-one name system and linking names to validated type specimens, cultures, and reference sequences will provide the foundation on which the future of plant pathology and the communication of names of plant pathogens will rest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
La Scalia G, Aiello G, Miceli A, Nasca A, Alfonzo A, Settanni L. Effect of Vibration on the Quality of Strawberry Fruits Caused by Simulated Transport. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. La Scalia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DICGIM); Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze Ed. 8 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - G. Aiello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DICGIM); Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze Ed. 8 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - A. Miceli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - A. Nasca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - A. Alfonzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - L. Settanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
O'Donnell K, Sink S, Libeskind-Hadas R, Hulcr J, Kasson MT, Ploetz RC, Konkol JL, Ploetz JN, Carrillo D, Campbell A, Duncan RE, Liyanage PNH, Eskalen A, Na F, Geiser DM, Bateman C, Freeman S, Mendel Z, Sharon M, Aoki T, Cossé AA, Rooney AP. Discordant phylogenies suggest repeated host shifts in the Fusarium-Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualism. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 82:277-90. [PMID: 25445310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mutualism between xyleborine beetles in the genus Euwallacea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and members of the Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC) represents one of 11 known evolutionary origins of fungiculture by ambrosia beetles. Female Euwallacea beetles transport fusarial symbionts in paired mandibular mycangia from their natal gallery to woody hosts where they are cultivated in galleries as a source of food. Native to Asia, several exotic Euwallacea species were introduced into the United States and Israel within the past two decades and they now threaten urban landscapes, forests and avocado production. To assess species limits and to date the evolutionary diversification of the mutualists, we reconstructed the evolutionary histories of key representatives of the Fusarium and Euwallacea clades using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Twelve species-level lineages, termed AF 1-12, were identified within the monophyletic AFC and seven among the Fusarium-farming Euwallacea. Bayesian diversification-time estimates placed the origin of the Euwallacea-Fusarium mutualism near the Oligocene-Miocene boundary ∼19-24 Mya. Most Euwallacea spp. appear to be associated with one species of Fusarium, but two species farmed two closely related fusaria. Euwallacea sp. #2 in Miami-Dade County, Florida cultivated Fusarium spp. AF-6 and AF-8 on avocado, and Euwallacea sp. #4 farmed Fusarium ambrosium AF-1 and Fusarium sp. AF-11 on Chinese tea in Sri Lanka. Cophylogenetic analyses indicated that the Euwallacea and Fusarium phylogenies were largely incongruent, apparently due to the beetles switching fusarial symbionts (i.e., host shifts) at least five times during the evolution of this mutualism. Three cospeciation events between Euwallacea and their AFC symbionts were detected, but randomization tests failed to reject the null hypothesis that the putative parallel cladogenesis is a stochastic pattern. Lastly, two collections of Euwallacea sp. #2 from Miami-Dade County, Florida shared an identical cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) allele with Euwallacea validus, suggesting introgressive hybridization between these species and/or pseudogenous nature of this marker. Results of the present study highlight the importance of understanding the potential for and frequency of host-switching between Euwallacea and members of the AFC, and that these shifts may bring together more aggressive and virulent combinations of these invasive mutualists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry O'Donnell
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Stacy Sink
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Ran Libeskind-Hadas
- Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew T Kasson
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Randy C Ploetz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Joshua L Konkol
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Jill N Ploetz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Alina Campbell
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Rita E Duncan
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | | | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Francis Na
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David M Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Craig Bateman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Stanley Freeman
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Zvi Mendel
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Michal Sharon
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Takayuki Aoki
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Genetic Resources Center, 2-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Allard A Cossé
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Alejandro P Rooney
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Fraga BM, Bressa C, González P, Guillermo R. Microbial Transformation of the Diterpene 7- epi-Foliol by Fusarium fujikuroi. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incubation of 3α,7α,18-trihydroxy- ent-kaur-16-ene (7- epi-foliol) with the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi gave 3α,7α,18-trihydroxy- ent-kaur-16-en-18-al as the sole product. The biotransformation of other 7α- or 7β-hydroxy derivatives had led to the oxidation of C-19, which is a main step in the biosynthesis of gibberellins and kaurenolides. Now, the presence of the 3a-hydroxyl impedes that oxidation, which is directed to the adjacent C-18 hydroxymethyl forming the corresponding aldehyde.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M. Fraga
- Instituto de ProductosNaturales y Agrobiología, C.S.I.C., Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Instituto de ProductosNaturales y Agrobiología, C.S.I.C., Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro González
- InstitutoUniversitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guillermo
- InstitutoUniversitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Phylogeny of the clinically relevant species of the emerging fungus Trichoderma and their antifungal susceptibilities. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2112-25. [PMID: 24719448 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00429-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of 73 isolates of the emerging fungus Trichoderma isolated from human and animal clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and molecularly using a multilocus sequence analysis that included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (Tef1), endochitinase CHI18-5 (Chi18-5), and actin 1 (Act1) genes. The most frequent species was Trichoderma longibrachiatum (26%), followed by Trichoderma citrinoviride (18%), the Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species complex (15%), the newly described species Trichoderma bissettii (12%), and Trichoderma orientale (11%). The most common anatomical sites of isolation in human clinical specimens were the respiratory tract (40%), followed by deep tissue (30%) and superficial tissues (26%), while all the animal-associated isolates were obtained from superficial tissue samples. Susceptibilities of the isolates to eight antifungal drugs in vitro showed mostly high MICs, except for voriconazole and the echinocandins.
Collapse
|
133
|
Suga H, Kitajima M, Nagumo R, Tsukiboshi T, Uegaki R, Nakajima T, Kushiro M, Nakagawa H, Shimizu M, Kageyama K, Hyakumachi M. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the translation elongation factor 1α gene correlates with the ability to produce fumonisin in Japanese Fusarium fujikuroi. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:402-12. [PMID: 24742835 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PCR-RFLP based on the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF) gene was developed to identify Fusarium fujikuroi in the Fusarium (Gibberella) fujikuroi species complex. Ninety-three strains, most of which were obtained from various sources in Japan, were identified as F. fujikuroi and their capability to produce fumonisin was investigated using an in vitro assay. Fumonisin production was detected in 50 strains isolated from maize, strawberry, wheat, and rice, whereas it was undetectable in 43 strains derived from rice seeds and rice seedlings carrying the bakanae disease, and from unknown sources. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the TEF gene (T618G) correlated with the ability to synthesize fumonisin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Miha Kitajima
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Riku Nagumo
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takao Tsukiboshi
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Uegaki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, NARO, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Masayo Kushiro
- National Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Shimizu
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Hyakumachi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Draft Genome Sequence of Fusarium fujikuroi B14, the Causal Agent of the Bakanae Disease of Rice. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:genomeA00035-13. [PMID: 23472226 PMCID: PMC3587928 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00035-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the genome sequence of a Korean strain (B14) of Fusarium fujikuroi, a fungal rice pathogen. The final assembly consists of 455 contigs with 43,810,516 bp and 14,017 predicted genes. Comparison with the F. verticillioides 7600 genome revealed a reference coverage of 83% (66.3% of reads mapped).
Collapse
|
135
|
Dodd SL, Lieckfeldt E, Samuels GJ. Hypocrea atroviridis sp. nov., the teleomorph of Trichoderma atroviride. Mycologia 2012; 95:27-40. [PMID: 21156586 DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new species, Hypocrea atroviridis, is described for the teleomorph of Trichoderma atroviride. Based on sequences of ITS-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2 regions of the rDNA complex and translation-elongation factor (EF-1α), T. atroviride and H. atroviridis form a well-supported clade within Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma. The conserved anamorphic phenotype of T. atroviride, observed for both conidial and ascospore derived cultures, was only found within that clade. In contrast, the teleomorph phenotype of H. atroviridis was morphologically indistinguishable from H. rufa, the teleomorph of T. viride. This Hypocrea phenotype may, therefore, be considered to be plesiomorphic within Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma, suggesting that genes controlling the expression of the teleomorph and anamorph evolve at different rates and that the genes controlling expression of the teleomorph are more conserved than are those controlling the expression of the anamorph.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Dodd
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, 301 Buckhout Lab., University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Identification and regulation of fusA, the polyketide synthase gene responsible for fusarin production in Fusarium fujikuroi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7258-66. [PMID: 22865073 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01552-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarins are a class of mycotoxins of the polyketide family produced by different Fusarium species, including the gibberellin-producing fungus Fusarium fujikuroi. Based on sequence comparisons between polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes for fusarin production in other Fusarium strains, we have identified the F. fujikuroi orthologue, called fusA. The participation of fusA in fusarin biosynthesis was demonstrated by targeted mutagenesis. Fusarin production is transiently stimulated by nitrogen availability in this fungus, a regulation paralleled by the fusA mRNA levels in the cell. Illumination of the cultures results in a reduction of the fusarin content, an effect partially explained by a high sensitivity of these compounds to light. Mutants of the fusA gene exhibit no external phenotypic alterations, including morphology and conidiation, except for a lack of the characteristic yellow and/or orange pigmentation of fusarins. Moreover, the fusA mutants are less efficient than the wild type at degrading cellophane on agar cultures, a trait associated with pathogenesis functions in Fusarium oxysporum. The fusA mutants, however, are not affected in their capacities to grow on plant tissues.
Collapse
|
137
|
Larriba E, Martín-Nieto J, Lopez-Llorca LV. Gene cloning, molecular modeling, and phylogenetics of serine protease P32 and serine carboxypeptidase SCP1 from nematophagous fungi Pochonia rubescens and Pochonia chlamydosporia. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:815-27. [PMID: 22690687 DOI: 10.1139/w2012-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pochonia rubescens are parasites of nematode eggs and thus are biocontrol agents of nematodes. Proteolytic enzymes such as the S8 proteases VCP1 and P32, secreted during the pathogenesis of nematode eggs, are major virulence factors in these fungi. Recently, expression of these enzymes and of SCP1, a new putative S10 carboxypeptidase, was detected during endophytic colonization of barley roots by these fungi. In our study, we cloned the genomic and mRNA sequences encoding P32 from P. rubescens and SCP1 from P. chlamydosporia. P32 showed a high homology with the serine proteases Pr1A from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and VCP1 from P. chlamydosporia (86% and 76% identity, respectively). However, the catalytic pocket of P32 showed differences in the amino acids of the substrate-recognition sites compared with the catalytic pockets of Pr1A and VCP1 proteases. Phylogenetic analysis of P32 suggests a common ancestor with protease Pr1A. SCP1 displays the characteristic features of a member of the S10 family of serine proteases. Phylogenetic comparisons show that SCP1 and other carboxypeptidases from filamentous fungi have an origin different from that of yeast vacuolar serine carboxypeptidases. Understanding protease genes from nematophagous fungi is crucial for enhancing the biocontrol potential of these organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Larriba
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Evidence implicating Thamnostylum lucknowense as an etiological agent of rhino-orbital mucormycosis. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:1491-4. [PMID: 22301030 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.06611-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we present a case of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a 57-year-old female with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. The only mold cultured at 25°C, 37°C, and 40°C from a specimen of the nasal crust was identified phenotypically and independently using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data as Thamnostylum lucknowense. To our knowledge, this report presents the first data implicating this mucoraceous fungus as a mycotic agent of human infection.
Collapse
|
139
|
AOKI T, WARD TJ, KISTLER HC, O'DONNELL K. Systematics, Phylogeny and Trichothecene Mycotoxin Potential of Fusarium Head Blight Cereal Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2520/myco.62.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
140
|
Short DPG, O'Donnell K, Zhang N, Juba JH, Geiser DM. Widespread occurrence of diverse human pathogenic types of the fungus Fusarium detected in plumbing drains. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:4264-72. [PMID: 21976755 PMCID: PMC3232942 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.05468-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that plumbing systems might serve as a significant environmental reservoir of human-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium. We tested this hypothesis by performing the first extensive multilocus sequence typing (MLST) survey of plumbing drain-associated Fusarium isolates and comparing the diversity observed to the known diversity of clinical Fusarium isolates. We sampled 471 drains, mostly in bathroom sinks, from 131 buildings in the United States using a swabbing method. We found that 66% of sinks and 80% of buildings surveyed yielded at least one Fusarium culture. A total of 297 isolates of Fusarium collected were subjected to MLST to identify the phylogenetic species and sequence types (STs) of these isolates. Our survey revealed that the six most common STs in sinks were identical to the six most frequently associated with human infections. We speculate that the most prevalent STs, by virtue of their ability to form and grow in biofilms, are well adapted to plumbing systems. Six major Fusarium STs were frequently isolated from plumbing drains within a broad geographic area and were identical to STs frequently associated with human infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan P G Short
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Chronic rhinofacial mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (Rhizomucor variabilis) in India. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2372-5. [PMID: 21508154 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02326-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe a chronic case of rhinofacial mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis, formerly known as Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis, a rare mycotic agent in humans. The infection caused progressive destruction of the nasal septum and soft and hard palate, leading to collapse of the nose bridge and an ulcerative gaping hole. The mucoralean mold cultured from a nasal biopsy specimen was determined by multilocus DNA sequence data to be conspecific with M. irregularis.
Collapse
|
142
|
Prospects of molecular markers in Fusarium species diversity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1625-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
143
|
Yli-Mattila T, Ward TJ, O'Donnell K, Proctor RH, Burkin AA, Kononenko GP, Gavrilova OP, Aoki T, McCormick SP, Gagkaeva TY. Fusarium sibiricum sp. nov, a novel type A trichothecene-producing Fusarium from northern Asia closely related to F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 147:58-68. [PMID: 21459470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Production of type A trichothecenes has been reported in the closely related species Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. Here, we characterized a collection of Fusarium isolates from Siberia and the Russian Far East (hereafter Asian isolates) that produce high levels of the type A trichothecene T-2 toxin and are similar in morphology to the type A trichothecene-producing F. langsethiae, and to F. poae which often produces the type B trichothecene nivalenol. The Asian isolates possess unique macroscopic and microscopic characters and have a unique TG repeat in the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS rDNA) region. In Asian isolates, the TRI1-TRI16 locus, which determines type A versus type B trichothecene production in other species, is more similar in organization and sequence to the TRI1-TRI16 locus in F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae than to that in F. poae. Phylogenetic analysis of the TRI1 and TRI16 gene coding regions indicates that the genes in the Asian isolates are more closely related to those of F. sporotrichioides than F. langsethiae. Phylogenetic analysis of the beta-tubulin, translation elongation factor, RNA polymerase II and phosphate permease gene sequences resolved the Asian isolates into a well-supported sister lineage to F. sporotrichioides, with F. langsethiae forming a sister lineage to F. sporotrichioides and the Asian isolates. The Asian isolates are conspecific with Norwegian isolate IBT 9959 based on morphological and molecular analyses. In addition, the European F. langsethiae isolates from Finland and Russia were resolved into two distinct subgroups based on analyses of translation elongation factor and IGS rDNA sequences. Nucleotide polymorphisms within the IGS rDNA were used to design PCR primers that successfully differentiated the Asian isolates from F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae. Based on these data, we formally propose that the Asian isolates together with Norwegian isolate IBT 9959 comprise a novel phylogenetic species, F. sibiricum, while the two subgroups of F. langsethiae only represent intraspecific groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Accurate and practical identification of 20 Fusarium species by seven-locus sequence analysis and reverse line blot hybridization, and an in vitro antifungal susceptibility study. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:1890-8. [PMID: 21389150 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02415-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven reference and 25 clinical isolates of Fusarium were subject to multilocus DNA sequence analysis to determine the species and haplotypes of the fusarial isolates from Beijing and Shandong, China. Seven loci were analyzed: the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EF-1α); the nuclear rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU), and intergenic spacer (IGS) regions; the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase gene (RPB2); the calmodulin gene (CAM); and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rRNA gene. We also evaluated an IGS-targeted PCR/reverse line blot (RLB) assay for species/haplotype identification of Fusarium. Twenty Fusarium species and seven species complexes were identified. Of 25 clinical isolates (10 species), the Gibberella (Fusarium) fujikuroi species complex was the commonest (40%) and was followed by the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) (36%) and the F. incarnatum-F. equiseti species complex (12%). Six FSSC isolates were identified to the species level as FSSC-3+4, and three as FSSC-5. Twenty-nine IGS, 27 EF-1α, 26 RPB2, 24 CAM, 18 ITS, 19 LSU, and 18 mtSSU haplotypes were identified; 29 were unique, and haplotypes for 24 clinical strains were novel. By parsimony informative character analysis, the IGS locus was the most phylogenetically informative, and the rRNA gene regions were the least. Results by RLB were concordant with multilocus sequence analysis for all isolates. Amphotericin B was the most active drug against all species. Voriconazole MICs were high (>8 μg/ml) for 15 (42%) isolates, including FSSC. Analysis of larger numbers of isolates is required to determine the clinical utility of the seven-locus sequence analysis and RLB assay in species classification of fusaria.
Collapse
|
145
|
Scandiani MM, Aoki T, Luque AG, Carmona MA, O'Donnell K. First Report of Sexual Reproduction by the Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Pathogen Fusarium tucumaniae in Nature. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:1411-1416. [PMID: 30743391 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-10-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Of the four fusaria that have been shown to cause soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), field surveys indicate that Fusarium tucumaniae is the most important and genetically diverse SDS pathogen in Argentina. Although none of the SDS fusaria have been shown to produce perithecia in nature, a heterothallic sexual cycle has been demonstrated for F. tucumaniae via laboratory crosses. Herein we report on the discovery of perithecia of F. tucumaniae on soybean in Argentina. Ascospores derived from these perithecia gave rise to colonies that produced sporodochial conidia diagnostic of F. tucumaniae. Sporodochial conidia were longer and narrower than those produced by the other SDS fusaria; these conidia also possessed a diagnostic acuate apical cell and a distinctly foot-shaped basal cell. Sixteen strains derived from single ascospores subjected to a validated multilocus genotyping assay (MLGT) for SDS species determination, together with 16 conidial isolates from two sites where teleomorphs were collected, independently confirmed the morphological identification as F. tucumaniae. This study represents the first authentic report of sexual reproduction by a soybean SDS pathogen in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Scandiani
- Laboratorio Agrícola Río Paraná, San Pedro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Aoki
- NIAS Genebank (MAFF), National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - A G Luque
- Centro de Referencia de Micología (CEREMIC) Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M A Carmona
- Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453 (1417), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K O'Donnell
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, NCAUR-ARS-USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604 USA
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
O'Donnell K, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG, Sarver BAJ, Balajee SA, Schroers HJ, Summerbell RC, Robert VARG, Crous PW, Zhang N, Aoki T, Jung K, Park J, Lee YH, Kang S, Park B, Geiser DM. Internet-accessible DNA sequence database for identifying fusaria from human and animal infections. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:3708-18. [PMID: 20686083 PMCID: PMC2953079 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00989-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because less than one-third of clinically relevant fusaria can be accurately identified to species level using phenotypic data (i.e., morphological species recognition), we constructed a three-locus DNA sequence database to facilitate molecular identification of the 69 Fusarium species associated with human or animal mycoses encountered in clinical microbiology laboratories. The database comprises partial sequences from three nuclear genes: translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB1), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB2). These three gene fragments can be amplified by PCR and sequenced using primers that are conserved across the phylogenetic breadth of Fusarium. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined data set reveal that, with the exception of two monotypic lineages, all clinically relevant fusaria are nested in one of eight variously sized and strongly supported species complexes. The monophyletic lineages have been named informally to facilitate communication of an isolate's clade membership and genetic diversity. To identify isolates to the species included within the database, partial DNA sequence data from one or more of the three genes can be used as a BLAST query against the database which is Web accessible at FUSARIUM-ID (http://isolate.fusariumdb.org) and the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS-KNAW) Fungal Biodiversity Center (http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/fusarium). Alternatively, isolates can be identified via phylogenetic analysis by adding sequences of unknowns to the DNA sequence alignment, which can be downloaded from the two aforementioned websites. The utility of this database should increase significantly as members of the clinical microbiology community deposit in internationally accessible culture collections (e.g., CBS-KNAW or the Fusarium Research Center) cultures of novel mycosis-associated fusaria, along with associated, corrected sequence chromatograms and data, so that the sequence results can be verified and isolates are made available for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry O'Donnell
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
|
148
|
Wang B, Brubaker CL, Summerell BA, Thrall PH, Burdon JJ. Local origin of two vegetative compatibility groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum in Australia. Evol Appl 2010; 3:505-24. [PMID: 25567943 PMCID: PMC3352512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity and genetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum from geographically widespread native Gossypium populations, including a cotton growing area believed to be the center of origin of VCG 01111 and VCG 01112 of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) in Australia, was determined using glasshouse bioassays and AFLPs. Five lineages (A-E) were identified among 856 isolates. Of these, 12% were strongly pathogenic on cotton, 10% were weakly pathogenic and designated wild Fov, while 78% were nonpathogenic. In contrast to the occurrence of pathogenic isolates in all five lineages in soils associated with wild Gossypium, in cotton growing areas only three lineages (A, B, E) occurred and all pathogenic isolates belonged to two subgroups in lineage A. One of these contained VCG 01111 isolates while the other contained VCG 01112 isolates. Sequence analyses of translation elongation factor-1α, mitochondrial small subunit rDNA, nitrate reductase and phosphate permease confirmed that Australian Fov isolates were more closely related to lineage A isolates of native F. oxysporum than to Fov races 1-8 found overseas. These results strongly support a local evolutionary origin for Fov in Australian cotton growing regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- CSIRO Plant IndustryCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Balmas V, Migheli Q, Scherm B, Garau P, O'Donnell K, Ceccherelli G, Kang S, Geiser DM. Multilocus phylogenetics show high levels of endemic fusaria inhabiting Sardinian soils (Tyrrhenian Islands). Mycologia 2010; 102:803-12. [PMID: 20648748 DOI: 10.3852/09-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean island of Sardinia is well known for high levels of vascular plant diversity and endemism, but little is known about its microbial diversity. Under the hypothesis that Fusarium species would show similarly high diversity, we estimated variability in Fusarium species composition among 10 sites around the island. Markers previously adopted for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to determine multilocus DNA sequence haplotypes for 263 Fusarium isolates. In addition portions of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha and second largest RNA polymerase subunit genes were sequenced for all isolates. The intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene repeat was sequenced for members of the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC), and a portion of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene repeat comprising the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and part of the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit was sequenced for members of the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Seventy-three multilocus haplotypes were identified among the 263 isolates typed, of which 48 represented FOSC and FSSC. Thirty-seven of 48 FOSC two-locus and FSSC three-locus haplotypes had not been observed previously. The 38 non-FOSC/FSSC fusaria comprised 25 haplotypes distributed among 10 species, five of which appear to represent novel, phylogenetically distinct species. In general newly discovered haplotypes were restricted to one or a few sites. All FSSC isolates represented new haplotypes in phylogenetic species FSSC 5 and 9, which differ from the phylogenetic species dominant in soils worldwide. No obvious correlations were found between haplotype diversity and geospatial or habitat distribution. Overall these results indicate a high degree of Fusarium genetic diversity on multiple geographic scales within Sardinia. These results contrast with recent work showing that common, cosmopolitan species dominate Sardinia's Trichoderma biodiversity. All data are available for access and viewing from the FUSARIUM-ID database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante-Centro per la Conservazione e la Valorizzazione della Biodiversità Vegetale and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Funnell-Harris DL, Pedersen JF, Sattler SE. Alteration in lignin biosynthesis restricts growth of Fusarium spp. in brown midrib sorghum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 100:671-81. [PMID: 20528185 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-100-7-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To improve sorghum for bioenergy and forage uses, brown midrib (bmr)6 and -12 near-isogenic genotypes were developed in different sorghum backgrounds. The bmr6 and bmr12 grain had significantly reduced colonization by members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex compared with the wild type, as detected on two semiselective media. Fusarium spp. were identified using sequence analysis of a portion of the translation elongation factor (TEF) 1-alpha gene. The pathogens Fusarium thapsinum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, G. fujikuroi members, were commonly recovered. Other frequently isolated Fusarium spp. likely colonize sorghum asymptomatically. The chi(2) analyses showed that the ratios of Fusarium spp. colonizing bmr12 grain were significantly different from the wild type, indicating that bmr12 affects colonization by Fusarium spp. One F. incarnatum-F. equiseti species complex (FIESC) genotype, commonly isolated from wild-type and bmr6 grain, was not detected in bmr12 grain. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this FIESC genotype represents a previously unreported TEF haplotype. When peduncles of wild-type and near-isogenic bmr plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum, F. verticillioides, or Alternaria alternata, the resulting mean lesion lengths were significantly reduced relative to the wild type in one or both bmr mutants. This indicates that impairing lignin biosynthesis results in reduced colonization by Fusarium spp. and A. alternata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Funnell-Harris
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 314 BioChem Hall, East Campus, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0737, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|