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El Manouni El Hassani S, Soers RJ, Berkhout DJC, Niemarkt HJ, Weda H, Nijsen T, Benninga MA, de Boer NKH, de Meij TGJ, Knobel HH. Optimized sample preparation for fecal volatile organic compound analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolomics 2020; 16:112. [PMID: 33037948 PMCID: PMC7547966 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) is widely considered the gold standard of quantitative fecal VOC analysis. However, guidelines providing general recommendations for bioanalytical method application in research and clinical setting are lacking. OBJECTIVES To propose an evidence-based research protocol for fecal VOC analysis by HS-GC-MS, based on extensive testing of instrumental and sampling conditions on detection and quantification limits, linearity, accuracy and repeatability of VOC outcome. METHODS The influence of the following variables were assessed: addition of different salt solutions, injection temperature, injection speed, injection volume, septum use, use of calibration curves and fecal sample mass. Ultimately, the optimal sample preparation was assessed using fecal samples from healthy preterm infants. Fecal VOC analysis in this specific population has potential as diagnostic biomarkers, but available amount of feces is limited here, so optimization of VOC extraction is of importance. RESULTS We demonstrated that addition of lithium chloride enhanced the release of polar compounds (e.g. small alcohols) into the headspace. Second, a linear relationship between injection volume, speed and temperature, and fecal sample mass on the abundance of VOC was demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of a septum preserved 90% of the non-polar compounds. By application of optimal instrumental and sampling conditions, a maximum of 320 unique compounds consisting of 14 different chemical classes could be detected. CONCLUSIONS These findings may contribute to standardized analysis of fecal VOC by HS-GC-MS, facilitating future application of fecal VOC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia El Manouni El Hassani
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruud J Soers
- EurofinsEAG, Eurofins Materials Science Netherlands B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J C Berkhout
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Niemarkt
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AG&M Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo H Knobel
- EurofinsEAG, Eurofins Materials Science Netherlands B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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102
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A Review of GC-Based Analysis of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer and Related Pathways. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103191. [PMID: 33019642 PMCID: PMC7601558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In Europe, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. With the advent of metabolomics approaches, studies regarding the investigation of metabolite profiles related to CRC have been conducted, aiming to serve as a tool for early diagnosis. In order to provide further information about the current status of this field of research, 21 studies were systematically reviewed, regarding their main findings and analytical aspects. A special focus was given to the employment of matrices obtained non-invasively and the use of gas chromatography as the analytical platform. The relationship between the reported volatile and non-volatile biomarkers and CRC-related metabolic alterations was also explored, demonstrating that many of these metabolites are connected with biochemical pathways proven to be involved in carcinogenesis. The most commonly reported CRC indicators were hydrocarbons, aldehydes, amino acids and short-chain fatty acids. These potential biomarkers can be associated with both human and bacterial pathways and the analysis based on such species has the potential to be applied in the clinical practice as a low-cost screening method.
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103
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Zhang X, Das S, Dunbar S, Tang YW. Molecular and non-molecular approaches to etiologic diagnosis of gastroenteritis. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 99:49-85. [PMID: 32951639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteritis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally and rapid identification of the causative pathogen is important for appropriate treatment and patient management, implementation of effective infection control measures, reducing hospital length of stay, and reducing overall medical costs. Although stool culture and microscopic examination of diarrheal stool has been the primary method for laboratory diagnosis, culture-independent proteomic and genomic tests are receiving increased attention. Antigen tests for stool pathogens are routinely implemented as rapid and simple analytics whereas molecular tests are now available in various formats from high complexity to waived point-of-care tests. In addition, metagenomic next-generation sequencing stands poised for use as a method for both diagnosis and routine characterization of the gut microbiome in the very near future. Analysis of host biomarkers as indicators of infection status and pathogenesis may also become important for prediction, diagnosis, and monitoring of gastrointestinal infection. Here we review current methods and emerging technologies for the etiologic diagnosis of gastroenteritis in the clinical laboratory. Benefits and limitations of these evolving methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Cepheid, Danaher Diagnostic Platform, Shanghai, China.
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104
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Houttu V, Boulund U, Grefhorst A, Soeters MR, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Nieuwdorp M, Holleboom AG. The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820941745. [PMID: 32973925 PMCID: PMC7495942 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820941745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the human gut microbiome has been found to influence a multitude of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, with its components type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is recognized to be mainly influenced by environmental factors, such as lifestyle, but also genetics may play a role. The interaction of gut microbiota and obesity has been widely studied, but in regard to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a manifestation of obesity and insulin resistance, the causal role of the gut microbiome has not been fully established. The mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and occurrence of fibrosis in the liver are a topic of active research. In addition, the influence of exercise on gut microbiome composition is also being investigated. In clinical trials, exercise reduced hepatic steatosis independently of weight reduction. Other studies indicate that exercise may modulate the gut microbiome. This puts forward the question whether exercise could mediate its beneficial effects on NAFLD via changes in gut microbiome. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Thus, associative evidence from clinical trials, as well as mechanistic studies in vivo are called for to elucidate the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD. Here, we review the current literature on exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Houttu
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Boulund
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R. Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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105
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Mojsak P, Rey-Stolle F, Parfieniuk E, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. The role of gut microbiota (GM) and GM-related metabolites in diabetes and obesity. A review of analytical methods used to measure GM-related metabolites in fecal samples with a focus on metabolites' derivatization step. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113617. [PMID: 32971497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of gut microbiota (GM) composition is increasingly related to the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases. Additionally, GM is responsible for the production and transformation of metabolites involved in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current state of knowledge regarding the composition of GM and GM-related metabolites in relation to the progress and development of obesity and T2DM is presented in this review. To understand the relationships between GM-related metabolites and the development of metabolic disorders, their accurate qualitative and quantitative measurement in biological samples is needed. Feces represent a valuable biological matrix which composition may reflect the health status of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the whole organism. Mass spectrometry (MS), mainly in combination with gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), is commonly used to measure fecal metabolites. However, profiling metabolites in such a complex matrix as feces is challenging from both analytical chemistry and biochemistry standpoints. Chemical derivatization is one of the most effective methods used to overcome these problems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the derivatization methods of GM-related metabolites prior to GC-MS or LC-MS analysis, which have been published in the last five years (2015-2020). Additionally, analytical methods used for the analysis of GM-related metabolites without the derivatization step are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mojsak
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ewa Parfieniuk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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106
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Daulton E, Wicaksono AN, Tiele A, Kocher HM, Debernardi S, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Covington JA. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the non-invasive detection of pancreatic cancer from urine. Talanta 2020; 221:121604. [PMID: 33076134 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly challenging cancer, with very low 5-year survival rates. This low survival rate is linked to late stage diagnosis, associated with the lack of approved biomarkers. One approach that is receiving considerable attention is the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from biological waste as biomarkers for disease. In this study, we used urine as our biological matrix and two VOC analysis platforms: gas chromatography - ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and GC time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). We measured the urinary headspace of samples from patients with PDAC, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and healthy controls. In total, 123 samples were tested from these groups. Results indicate that both GC-IMS and GC-TOF-MS were able to discriminate PDAC from healthy controls with high confidence and an AUC (area under the curve) in excess of 0.85. However, both methods struggled to separate CP from PDAC, with the best result of AUC 0.58. This indicates that both conditions produce similar biomarkers in the urinary headspace. Chemical identification suggests that 2,6-dimethyl-octane, nonanal, 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene and 2-pentanone play an important role in separating these groups. Therefore, both techniques validate this approach in identifying subjects for further investigation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Daulton
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Akira Tiele
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvana Debernardi
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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107
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Kochevalina MY, Trunov VG, Morozova OV, Kogun GA, Rodionova EI. Change in Urine Odor of Mice in the Dynamics of Formation of a Transplanted Hepatocarcinoma H33 Tumor. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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108
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Probert C, Greenwood R, Mayor A, Hughes D, Aggio R, Jackson RE, Simcox L, Barrow H, García-Finana M, Ewer AK. Faecal volatile organic compounds in preterm babies at risk of necrotising enterocolitis: the DOVE study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020; 105:474-479. [PMID: 31871055 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) may improve prognosis but there are no proven biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential biomarkers for NEC. DESIGN Multicentre prospective study. SETTINGS 8 UK neonatal units. PATIENTS Preterm infants <34 weeks gestation. METHODS Daily faecal samples were collected prospectively from 1326 babies of whom 49 subsequently developed definite NEC. Faecal samples from 32 NEC cases were compared with samples from frequency-matched controls without NEC. Headspace, solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was performed and VOCs identified from reference libraries. VOC samples from cases and controls were compared using both discriminant and factor analysis methods. RESULTS VOCs were found to cluster into nine groups (factors), three were associated with NEC and indicated the possibility of disease up to 3-4 days before the clinical diagnosis was established. For one factor, a 1 SD increase increased the odds of developing NEC by 1.6 times; a similar decrease of the two other factors was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.5 or 0.7, respectively). Discriminant analyses identified five individual VOCs, which are associated with NEC in babies at risk, each with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.75-0.76, up to 4 days before the clinical diagnosis was made. CONCLUSIONS Faecal VOCs are altered in preterm infants with NEC. These data are currently insufficient to enable reliable cotside detection of babies at risk of developing NEC and further work is needed investigate the role of VOCs in clarifying the aetiology of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Probert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosemary Greenwood
- Department of Research and Innovation, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Arno Mayor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translation Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raphael Aggio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Liz Simcox
- Neonatal Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather Barrow
- Neonatal Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marta García-Finana
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translation Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew K Ewer
- Neonatal Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK .,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Universityof Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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109
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Peters Y, Schrauwen RWM, Tan AC, Bogers SK, de Jong B, Siersema PD. Detection of Barrett's oesophagus through exhaled breath using an electronic nose device. Gut 2020; 69:1169-1172. [PMID: 32098798 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Timely detection of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and even more so its precursor Barrett's oesophagus (BO) could contribute to decrease OAC incidence and mortality. An accurate, minimally-invasive screening method for BO for widespread use is currently not available. In a proof-of-principle study in 402 patients, we developed and cross-validated a BO prediction model using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis with an electronic nose device. This electronic nose was able to distinguish between patients with and without BO with good diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 91% specificity 74%) and seemed to be independent of proton pump inhibitor use, the presence of hiatal hernia, and reflux. This technique may enable an efficient, well-tolerated, and sensitive and specific screening method to select high-risk individuals to undergo upper endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonne Peters
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud W M Schrauwen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Bernhoven, Uden, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan C Tan
- Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne K Bogers
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Bernhoven, Uden, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Jong
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Siersema
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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110
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Bosch S, Wintjens DSJ, Wicaksono A, Kuijvenhoven J, van der Hulst R, Stokkers P, Daulton E, Pierik MJ, Covington JA, de Meij TGJ, de Boer NKH. The faecal scent of inflammatory bowel disease: Detection and monitoring based on volatile organic compound analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:745-752. [PMID: 32402741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is diagnosed and monitored using endoscopic assessment, which is invasive and costly. In this study, potential of faecal volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis for IBD detection and identification of disease activity was evaluated. METHODS IBD patients visiting outpatient clinics of participating tertiary hospitals were included. Active disease was defined as FCP ≥250 mg/g, remission as FCP <100 mg/g with Harvey Bradshaw Index <4 for Crohn's disease (CD) or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index <3 for ulcerative colitis (UC). Healthy controls (HC) were patients without mucosal abnormalities during colonoscopy. Faecal samples were measured using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 280 IBD patients collected 107 CDa, 84 CDr, 80 UCa and 63 UCr samples. Additionally, 227 HC provided one faecal sample. UC and CD were discriminated from HC with high accuracy (AUC (95%CI): UCa vs HC 0.96(0.94-0.99); UCr vs HC 0.95(0.93-0.98); CDa vs HC 0.96(0.94-0.99); CDr vs HC 0.95(0.93-0.98)). There were small differences between UC and CD (0.55(0.50-0.6)) and no differences between active disease and remission (UCa vs UCr 0.63(0.44-0.82); CDa vs CDr 0.52(0.39-0.65)). CONCLUSION Our study outcomes imply that faecal VOC analysis holds potential for identifying biomarkers for IBD detection but not for monitoring disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Bosch
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AG&M research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dion S J Wintjens
- MUMC+, Maastricht University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfian Wicaksono
- University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Kuijvenhoven
- Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - René van der Hulst
- Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Stokkers
- OLVG West, Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Daulton
- University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- MUMC+, Maastricht University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - James A Covington
- University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, AG&M research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AG&M research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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111
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Natalia Drabińska, Starowicz M, Krupa-Kozak U. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Urine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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112
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Jayasinghe TN, Vatanen T, Chiavaroli V, Jayan S, McKenzie EJ, Adriaenssens E, Derraik JGB, Ekblad C, Schierding W, Battin MR, Thorstensen EB, Cameron-Smith D, Forbes-Blom E, Hofman PL, Roy NC, Tannock GW, Vickers MH, Cutfield WS, O'Sullivan JM. Differences in Compositions of Gut Bacterial Populations and Bacteriophages in 5-11 Year-Olds Born Preterm Compared to Full Term. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:276. [PMID: 32612960 PMCID: PMC7309444 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are exposed to major perinatal, post-natal, and early infancy events that could impact on the gut microbiome. These events include infection, steroid and antibiotic exposure, parenteral nutrition, necrotizing enterocolitis, and stress. Studies have shown that there are differences in the gut microbiome during the early months of life in preterm infants. We hypothesized that differences in the gut microbial composition and metabolites in children born very preterm persist into mid-childhood. Participants were healthy prepubertal children aged 5-11 years who were born very preterm (≤32 weeks of gestation; n = 51) or at term (37-41 weeks; n = 50). We recorded the gestational age, birth weight, mode of feeding, mode of birth, age, sex, and the current height and weight of our cohort. We performed a multi'omics [i.e., 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, SPME-GCMS (solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)] analysis to investigate the structure and function of the fecal microbiome (as a proxy of the gut microbiota) in our cross-sectional cohort. Children born very preterm were younger (7.8 vs. 8.3 years; p = 0.034), shorter [height-standard deviation score (SDS) 0.31 vs. 0.92; p = 0.0006) and leaner [BMI (body mass index) SDS -0.20 vs. 0.29; p < 0.0001] than the term group. Children born very preterm had higher fecal calprotectin levels, decreased fecal phage richness, lower plasma arginine, lower fecal branched-chain amino acids and higher fecal volatile (i.e., 3-methyl-butanoic acid, butyrolactone, butanoic acid and pentanoic acid) profiles. The bacterial microbiomes did not differ between preterm and term groups. We speculate that the observed very preterm-specific changes were established in early infancy and may impact on the capacity of the very preterm children to respond to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Sachin Jayan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - José G. B. Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start—National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron Ekblad
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerald W. Tannock
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Hosfield BD, Pecoraro AR, Baxter NT, Hawkins TB, Markel TA. The Assessment of Fecal Volatile Organic Compounds in Healthy Infants: Electronic Nose Device Predicts Patient Demographics and Microbial Enterotype. J Surg Res 2020; 254:340-347. [PMID: 32526503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a noninvasive biomarker in many different pathologies. Before assessing whether VOCs can be used to diagnose intestinal diseases, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), it is necessary to measure the impact of variable infant demographic factors on VOC signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stool samples were collected from term infants at four hospitals in a large metropolitan area. Samples were heated, and fecal VOCs assessed by the Cyranose 320 Electronic Nose. Twenty-eight sensors were combined into an overall smellprint and were also assessed individually. 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used to categorize infant microbiomes. Smellprints were correlated to feeding type (formula versus breastmilk), sex, hospital of birth, and microbial enterotype. Overall smellprints were assessed by PERMANOVA with Euclidean distances, and individual sensors from each smellprint were assessed by Mann-Whitney U-tests. P < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS Overall smellprints were significantly different according to diet. Individual sensors were significantly different according to sex and hospital of birth, but overall smellprints were not significantly different. Using a decision tree model, two individual sensors could reliably predict microbial enterotype. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of fecal VOCs with an electronic nose is impacted by several demographic characteristics of infants and can be used to predict microbiome composition. Further studies are needed to design appropriate algorithms that are able to predict NEC based on fecal VOC profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Hosfield
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Anthony R Pecoraro
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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114
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Fu H, Zhang QL, Huang XW, Ma ZH, Zheng XL, Li SL, Duan HN, Sun XC, Lin FF, Zhao LJ, Teng GS, Liu J. A rapid and convenient derivatization method for quantitation of short-chain fatty acids in human feces by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8730. [PMID: 31952097 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are associated with intestinal microbiota and diseases in humans. SCFAs have a low response in mass spectrometry, and in order to increase sensitivity, reduce sample consumption, shorten analysis time, and simplify sample preparation steps, a derivatization method was developed. METHODS We converted seven SCFAs into amide derivatives with 4-aminomethylquinoline. The reaction occurred for 20 min at room temperature. The analytes were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column and quantitated in the positive ion electrospray ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring. Acetic acid-d4 was used as the stable-isotope-labeled surrogate analyte for acetic acid in the working solutions, while the other stable-isotope-labeled standards were used as internal standards (ISs). RESULTS Method validation showed that the intra-day and inter-day precision of quantitation for the seven SCFAs over the whole concentration range was ≤3.8% (n = 6). The quantitation accuracy ranged from 85.5% to 104.3% (n = 6). Most important, the collected feces were vortexed immediately with ethanol. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new derivatization method for a precise, accurate, and rapid quantitation of SCFAs in human feces using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method successfully determined the concentration of SCFAs in human feces and could assist in the exploration of intestinal microbiota and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Li Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zheng-Hua Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Lin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Nan Duan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Fei-Fei Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Teng
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Rider CV, Vallant M, Blystone C, Waidyanatha S, South NL, Xie G, Turner K. Short-term perinatal toxicity study in sprague Dawley rats with the plasticizer and emerging contaminant N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:159-166. [PMID: 32437845 PMCID: PMC9463652 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) is a plasticizer and emerging contaminant that has been detected in a wide array of environmental samples. There are very little toxicity data available with which to evaluate potential risk from exposure to NBBS or other structurally-related sulfonamide plasticizers. To address this knowledge gap, NBBS was selected by the National Toxicology Program for evaluation. The current short-term pre- and post-natal (perinatal) study aims to provide preliminary toxicity and gestational transfer data for NBBS. NBBS was administered via dosed feed at concentrations of 0, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, and 10,000 ppm to time-mated Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD®) rats from gestation day (GD) 6 through postnatal day (PND) 28. The high concentration of 10,000 ppm NBBS was overtly toxic to dams, and the group was removed on GD 17-18. Exposure to NBBS resulted in lower maternal weights during the gestational period in the 5000 and 10,000 ppm groups as compared to control weights. Dams also displayed lower weights in the lactational period, which resolved to control levels by PND 28. NBBS exposure did not affect pregnancy or littering parameters in F0 dams. However, pup survival was lower in the 5000 ppm group, and pup weights were dose-responsively lower than control pup weights with the difference expanding over the postnatal period. The lowest observed effect level (LOEL) based on significantly lower body weights was 5000 ppm NBBS for F0 dams and 2500 ppm NBBS for F1 pups. Preliminary data for NBBS levels indicated that the chemical was transferred from dams to offspring during the gestational period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Molly Vallant
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chad Blystone
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Guanhua Xie
- Social & Scientific Systems Inc, Public Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katie Turner
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, (current location Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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Yuan ZY, Li J, Zhou XJ, Wu MH, Li L, Pei G, Chen NH, Liu KL, Xie MZ, Huang HY. HS-GC-IMS-Based metabonomics study of Baihe Jizihuang Tang in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1148:122143. [PMID: 32417717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) obtained from the feces of a Baihe Jizihuang Tang (BHT)-treated rat depression model. Rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and the differences in VOCs were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), NIST software, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Eleven biomarkers were identified on the basis of VOC migration time, and their relative peak intensities were analyzed. A metabonomic model was established using multivariate statistical analysis. The study demonstrated the metabonomics of CUMS rats and the intervention effect of BHT and also highlighted the potential therapeutic effects of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Jingfang for the clinical treatment of complex diseases, which was in line with the holistic and systemic approaches of TCM. This study augments the use of metabonomics based on HS-GC-IMS in research studies. Using this method, there is no need to pre-process samples by extraction or derivatization, and the VOC component of the sample can be detected directly and rapidly. In conclusion, this study establishes a simple, convenient, and fast technique, which can help identify clinical biomarkers for rapid medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Yuan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Functional Food Homology of Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Min-Hui Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Liang Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Gang Pei
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Men-Zhou Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Functional Food Homology of Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Hui-Yong Huang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Functional Food Homology of Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Nol P, Ionescu R, Geremariam Welearegay T, Barasona JA, Vicente J, de Jesus Beleño-Sáenz K, Barrenetxea I, Jose Torres M, Ionescu F, Rhyan J. Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050346. [PMID: 32370281 PMCID: PMC7281121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in wild swine, such as in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Eurasia, is cause for serious concern. Development of accurate, efficient, and noninvasive methods to detect MTBC in wild swine would be highly beneficial to surveillance and disease management efforts in affected populations. Here, we describe the first report of identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC) obtained from the breath and feces of wild boar to distinguish between MTBC-positive and MTBC-negative boar. We analyzed breath and fecal VOC collected from 15 MTBC-positive and 18 MTBC-negative wild boar in Donaña National Park in Southeast Spain. Analyses were divided into three age classes, namely, adults (>2 years), sub-adults (12–24 months), and juveniles (<12 months). We identified significant compounds by applying the two-tailed statistical t-test for two samples assuming unequal variance, with an α value of 0.05. One statistically significant VOC was identified in breath samples from adult wild boar and 14 were identified in breath samples from juvenile wild boar. One statistically significant VOC was identified in fecal samples collected from sub-adult wild boar and three were identified in fecal samples from juvenile wild boar. In addition, discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to build classification models for MTBC prediction in juvenile animals. Using DFA, we were able to distinguish between MTBC-positive juvenile wild boar and MTBC-negative juvenile wild boar using breath VOC or fecal VOC. Based on our results, further research is warranted and should be performed using larger sample sizes, as well as wild boar from various geographic locations, to verify these compounds as biomarkers for MTBC infection in this species. This new approach to detect MTBC infection in free-ranging wild boar potentially comprises a reliable and efficient screening tool for surveillance in animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Nol
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-218-1418
| | - Radu Ionescu
- Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (R.I.); (I.B.); (F.I.)
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Tesfalem Geremariam Welearegay
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Jose Angel Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, ETSIA Ciudad Real, University Castilla La Mancha & CSIC, 13003 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Kelvin de Jesus Beleño-Sáenz
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irati Barrenetxea
- Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (R.I.); (I.B.); (F.I.)
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Biomedical Institute of Sevilla (IBiS), University of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, 41071 Seville, Spain;
| | - Florina Ionescu
- Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (R.I.); (I.B.); (F.I.)
| | - Jack Rhyan
- National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA;
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118
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Cruz R, Palmeira JD, Martins ZE, Faria MA, Ferreira H, Marques A, Casal S, Cunha SC. Multidisciplinary approach to determine the effect of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113920. [PMID: 31991346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health is increasingly compromised by persistent toxic substances, which may have serious implications in food safety and, thus, in human health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are anthropogenic contaminants with endocrine disruption abilities and are commonly found in seafood, the main route of human exposure. Growing evidence points out that the human gut microbiota interacts with xenobiotics, which may lead to impairment of host homeostasis if functions of microbiota become compromised. The aim of this study was to ascertain if the physiological balance of human gut microbiome is affected by the presence and degree of exposure to PBDEs. Fermentation was performed in a batch closed-system using an inoculum made from fresh human stool. The volatolomic profile was analysed by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mesophilic, Gram-negative bacteria and coliforms were quantified by classic plating methods. Changes in the gut microbiome were evaluated after DNA extraction followed by deep sequencing of the 16S rDNA region. The exposure to PBDEs resulted in an imbalance in sulfur, short-chain fatty acids and aromatic organic compounds, changing the microbial volatolome in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Slight deviations in the microbial structure of human gut occurred in the presence of PBDEs, especially for high doses of exposure. For the first time, the impact of PBDEs on the microbial homeostasis of human gut microbiota was taken into consideration, revealing noteworthy modifications with serious health implications even at oral exposure doses considered as safe by worldwide regulatory entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cruz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Josman D Palmeira
- UCIBIO, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Zita E Martins
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Faria
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- UCIBIO, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA, Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Avenida Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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119
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Bastos TS, de Lima DC, Souza CMM, Maiorka A, de Oliveira SG, Bittencourt LC, Félix AP. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis reduce faecal protein catabolites concentration and odour in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:116. [PMID: 32306951 PMCID: PMC7168969 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct-fed microbials (DFM), such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, may improve gut functionality of the host by favouring non-pathogenic bacteria and reducing the formation of putrefactive compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient digestibility, faecal characteristics and intestinal-fermentation products in dogs fed diets with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Sixteen dogs were randomly divided into two groups. Every eight dogs were fed with the control diet or the diet with the addition of 62.5 g of DFM (B. subtilis and B. licheniformis)/ton. Diets were provided throughout a 20-day adaptation period, followed by 5 days of total faecal collection. Nutrient digestibility and the metabolisable energy of the diets, plus the dogs' faecal characteristics and intestinal fermentation products were assessed. RESULTS There were no differences in nutrient digestibility (P > 0.05). However, DFM supplementation improved faecal score and resulted in less fetid faeces (P < 0.001). DFM inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) the biogenic amines concentration: putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine, besides the concentration of phenols and quinoline. CONCLUSIONS The use of B. subtillis and B. licheniformis as DFM reduce the concentration of nitrogen fermentation products in faeces and faecal odour, but the digestibility of nutrients is not altered in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Silvino Bastos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Alex Maiorka
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ananda Portella Félix
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brazil
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Preclinical Detection of Non-catheter Related Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants by Fecal Volatile Compounds Analysis: A Prospective, Multi-center Cohort Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:330-335. [PMID: 32032172 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants is preceded by fecal volatile organic compound (VOC) alterations, suggesting an etiologic role of gut microbiota in LOS rather than being primarily caused by central venous catheters (CVC). To increase our knowledge about the involvement of the gut microbiota in LOS, we analyzed fecal samples from septic infants without a CVC. METHODS In this prospective multicenter study, fecal samples were collected daily from all infants born at ≤30 weeks gestation. Fecal VOC profiles up to 3 days prior to sepsis onset from infants with non-catheter-related LOS were compared with profiles from non-septic controls by means of High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry. RESULTS In total, 104 fecal samples were analyzed. Fecal VOC profiles allowed for discrimination between non-catheter-related LOS cases (n = 24) and matched controls (n = 25). Discriminative accuracy increased after focusing on center of origin (area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity; 0.95, 100%, 83%) and after focusing on LOS cases caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (0.95, 100%, 78%), the most cultured pathogen (n = 11). CONCLUSIONS Fecal VOC profiles of preterm LOS infants without a CVC differed from matched controls underlining the increasing notion that aberrations in gut microbiota composition and activity may play a role in LOS etiology.
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Zhgun ES, Ilina EN. Fecal Metabolites As Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Gut Diseases. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:4-14. [PMID: 32742723 PMCID: PMC7385093 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the importance of the human intestinal microbiome in maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, as well as in the development of pathological processes. The intestinal microbiome manifests itself primarily as fecal metabolites. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in studying its composition, which for the most part had to do with the possibility of using the metabolomic analysis in clinical diagnosis. In contrast to the comprehensive description of blood serum, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, data on fecal metabolites is sparse. Despite the instrumental and methodological achievements in the metabolomic analysis in general, the analysis of fecal metabolome remains less well developed, mainly because of the inhomogeneity of its composition and the lack of standardized methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing fecal samples. This review summarizes data on methods for studying and describing various groups of fecal metabolites. It also assesses their potential as tools in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Zhgun
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - E. N. Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435 Russia
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122
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:223-237. [PMID: 32076145 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1146] [Impact Index Per Article: 229.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key role of the gut microbiota in the establishment and maintenance of health, as well as in the pathogenesis of disease, has been identified over the past two decades. One of the primary modes by which the gut microbiota interacts with the host is by means of metabolites, which are small molecules that are produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism. These metabolites can derive from bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules, such as bile acids, or directly from bacteria. Signals from microbial metabolites influence immune maturation, immune homeostasis, host energy metabolism and maintenance of mucosal integrity. Alterations in the composition and function of the microbiota have been described in many studies on IBD. Alterations have also been described in the metabolite profiles of patients with IBD. Furthermore, specific classes of metabolites, notably bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. This Review aims to define the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites that are altered in IBD, describe the pathophysiological basis of these associations and identify future targets for precision therapeutic modulation.
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123
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Van Malderen K, De Winter BY, De Man JG, De Schepper HU, Lamote K. Volatomics in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102725. [PMID: 32330874 PMCID: PMC7177032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by the human metabolism, inflammation and gut microbiota and form the basis of innovative volatomics research. VOCs detected through breath and faecal analysis hence serve as attractive, non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review describes the clinical applicability of volatomics in discriminating between IBS, IBD and healthy volunteers with acceptable accuracy in breath (70%-100%) and faecal (58%-85%) samples. Promising compounds are propan-1-ol for diagnosing and monitoring of IBD patients, and 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,4-diene as biomarker for IBS diagnosis. However, these VOCs often seem to be related to inflammation and probably will need to be used in conjunction with other clinical evidence. Furthermore, three interventional studies underlined the potential of VOCs in predicting treatment outcome and patient follow-up. This shows great promise for future use of VOCs as non-invasive breath and faecal biomarkers in personalised medicine. However, properly designed studies that correlate VOCs to IBD/IBS pathogenesis, while taking microbial influences into account, are still key before clinical implementation can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Van Malderen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Infla-Med Research Consortium of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Infla-Med Research Consortium of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Infla-Med Research Consortium of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heiko U De Schepper
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Infla-Med Research Consortium of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Infla-Med Research Consortium of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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A GC-MS Based Metabolic Profiling of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Food Products. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Elevated levels of proinflammatory volatile metabolites in feces of high fat diet fed KK-A y mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5681. [PMID: 32231228 PMCID: PMC7105489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
When the microfloral composition deteriorates, it triggers low-level chronic inflammation associated with several lifestyle-related diseases including obesity and diabetic mellitus. Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been found to differ in gastrointestinal diseases as well as intestinal infection. In this study, to evaluate a potential association between the pathogenesis of lifestyle-related diseases and VOCs in the intestinal tract, fecal VOCs from obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice (KK) or controls (C57BL/6J mice; BL) fed a normal or high fat diet (NFD or HFD) were investigated using headspace sampler-GC-EI-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) of fecal VOC profiles clearly separated the experimental groups depending on the mouse lineage (KK vs BL) and the diet type (NFD vs HFD). 16 s rRNA sequencing revealed that the PCA distribution of VOCs was in parallel with the microfloral composition. We identified that some volatile metabolites including n-alkanals (nonanal and octanal), acetone and phenol were significantly increased in the HFD and/or KK groups. Additionally, these volatile metabolites induced proinflammatory activity in the RAW264 murine macrophage cell line indicating these bioactive metabolites might trigger low-level chronic inflammation. These results suggest that proinflammatory VOCs detected in HFD-fed and/or diabetic model mice might be novel noninvasive diagnosis biomarkers for diabetes.
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Elmassry MM, Piechulla B. Volatilomes of Bacterial Infections in Humans. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:257. [PMID: 32269511 PMCID: PMC7111428 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sense of smell in humans has the capacity to detect certain volatiles from bacterial infections. Our olfactory senses were used in ancient medicine to diagnose diseases in patients. As humans are considered holobionts, each person's unique odor consists of volatile organic compounds (VOCs, volatilome) produced not only by the humans themselves but also by their beneficial and pathogenic micro-habitants. In the past decade it has been well documented that microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) are able to emit a broad range of olfactory active VOCs [summarized in the mVOC database (http://bioinformatics.charite.de/mvoc/)]. During microbial infection, the equilibrium between the human and its microbiome is altered, followed by a change in the volatilome. For several decades, physicians have been trying to utilize these changes in smell composition to develop fast and efficient diagnostic tools, particularly because volatiles detection is non-invasive and non-destructive, which would be a breakthrough in many therapies. Within this review, we discuss bacterial infections including gastrointestinal, respiratory or lung, and blood infections, focusing on the pathogens and their known corresponding volatile biomarkers. Furthermore, we cover the potential role of the human microbiota and their volatilome in certain diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. We also report on discrete mVOCs that affect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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127
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Important Considerations for Sample Collection in Metabolomics Studies with a Special Focus on Applications to Liver Functions. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030104. [PMID: 32178364 PMCID: PMC7142637 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has found numerous applications in the study of liver metabolism in health and disease. Metabolomics studies can be conducted in a variety of biological matrices ranging from easily accessible biofluids such as urine, blood or feces, to organs, tissues or even cells. Sample collection and storage are critical steps for which standard operating procedures must be followed. Inappropriate sample collection or storage can indeed result in high variability, interferences with instrumentation or degradation of metabolites. In this review, we will first highlight important general factors that should be considered when planning sample collection in the study design of metabolomic studies, such as nutritional status and circadian rhythm. Then, we will discuss in more detail the specific procedures that have been described for optimal pre-analytical handling of the most commonly used matrices (urine, blood, feces, tissues and cells).
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128
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The gut microbiome as a predictor of low fermentable oligosaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides and polyols diet efficacy in functional bowel disorders. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2020; 36:147-154. [PMID: 31850930 PMCID: PMC7425749 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fermentable oligosaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) dietary restriction ameliorates irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms; however, not all individuals with IBS respond. Given the gut microbiome's role in carbohydrate fermentation, investigators have evaluated whether the gut microbiome may predict low FODMAP diet efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS Gut microbiome fermentation, even to the same carbohydrate, is not uniform across all individuals with several factors (e.g. composition) playing a role. In both children and adults with IBS, studies are emerging suggesting the gut microbiome may predict low FODMAP diet efficacy. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the approaches (study population, microbiome assessment methods, statistical techniques, etc.) used amongst these studies. SUMMARY The gut microbiome holds promise as a predictor of low FODMAP diet efficacy. However, further investigation using standardized approaches to evaluate the microbiome while concomitantly assessing other potential predictors are needed to more rigorously evaluate this area.
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129
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Robinson A, Bristow J, Holl MV, Makalo P, Alemayehu W, Bailey RL, Macleod D, Birkett MA, Caulfield JC, Sarah V, Pickett JA, Dewhirst S, Chen-Hussey V, Woodcock CM, D’Alessandro U, Last A, Burton MJ, Lindsay SW, Logan JG. Responses of the putative trachoma vector, Musca sorbens, to volatile semiochemicals from human faeces. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007719. [PMID: 32126087 PMCID: PMC7069642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative vector of trachoma, Musca sorbens, prefers to lay its eggs on human faeces on the ground. This study sought to determine whether M. sorbens females were attracted to volatile odours from human faeces in preference to odours from the faeces of other animals, and to determine whether specific volatile semiochemicals mediate selection of the faeces. Traps baited with the faeces of humans and local domestic animals were used to catch flies at two trachoma-endemic locations in The Gambia and one in Ethiopia. At all locations, traps baited with faeces caught more female M. sorbens than control traps baited with soil, and human faeces was the most successful bait compared with soil (mean rate ratios 44.40, 61.40, 10.50 [P<0.001]; 8.17 for child faeces [P = 0.004]). Odours from human faeces were sampled by air entrainment, then extracts of the volatiles were tested by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography with laboratory-reared female M. sorbens. Twelve compounds were electrophysiologically active and tentatively identified by coupled mass spectrometry-gas chromatography, these included cresol, indole, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. It is possible that some of these volatiles govern the strong attraction of M. sorbens flies to human faeces. If so, a synthetic blend of these chemicals, at the correct ratios, may prove to be a highly attractive lure. This could be used in odour-baited traps for monitoring or control of this species in trachoma-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailie Robinson
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Bristow
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew V. Holl
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pateh Makalo
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, The Gambia
| | | | - Robin L. Bailey
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Macleod
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Birkett
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Caulfield
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Sarah
- Global Partnerships Executive, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Crawford Mews, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Pickett
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dewhirst
- ARCTEC, Chariot Innovations Ltd, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Chen-Hussey
- ARCTEC, Chariot Innovations Ltd, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M. Woodcock
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Last
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Burton
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve W. Lindsay
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom
| | - James G. Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
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Luzardo-Ocampo I, Campos-Vega R, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Loarca-Piña G. Consumption of a baked corn and bean snack reduced chronic colitis inflammation in CD-1 mice via downregulation of IL-1 receptor, TLR, and TNF-α associated pathways. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109097. [PMID: 32331643 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a condition that has been rising in the number of cases around the world. Food products made from natural ingredients such as corn and common bean might serve as alternatives for the treatment of UC. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the consumption of a baked corn and bean snack (CBS) in an in vivo model of UC using 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) as inductor of colitis. CD-1 mice (45, n = 9/group) were randomly separated into 5 groups, treated for 6-weeks as follows: G1 (basal diet, BD), G2 (2% DSS), G3 (20 g CBS/body weight BW/day + BD), G4 (40 g CBS/BW/day + BD) and G5 (60 g CBS/BW/day + BD). BW, Disease Activity Index (DAI), and feces were collected throughout the treatment. After euthanasia, organs (spleen, liver, and colon) were excised and weighed. Feces were analyzed for β-glucuronidase (β-GLUC) activity and gas-chromatography. The colons were analyzed for histopathology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and gene analysis. At the end of treatments, among the DSS-induced groups, G3 exhibited the lowest BW losses (11.5%), MPO activity (10.4%) and β-GLUC (8.6%). G4 presented the lowest DAI (0.88), relative spleen weight, and histological inflammation score (p < 0.05). Compared to G2, CBS consumption significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 levels. The fecal metabolome analysis ranked 9-decenoic acid, decane, and butyric acid as the main contributors of pathways associated with the β-oxidation of fatty acids. G4 showed the highest fecal/cecal contents of short-chain fatty acids among all the DSS-induced groups. For the gene expression, G4 was clustered with G1, showing a differential inhibition of the pro-inflammatory genes Il1r1, Il1a, Tlr4, Tlr2, and Tnfrsf1b. In conclusion, CBS consumption decreased the inflammatory state and reduced the expression of the IL-1 receptor, TLR, and TNF-α-associated pathways in DSS-induced UC in CD-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Queretaro, Mexico; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228-230 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228-230 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Queretaro, Mexico.
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131
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Botticelli A, Vernocchi P, Marini F, Quagliariello A, Cerbelli B, Reddel S, Del Chierico F, Di Pietro F, Giusti R, Tomassini A, Giampaoli O, Miccheli A, Zizzari IG, Nuti M, Putignani L, Marchetti P. Gut metabolomics profiling of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients under immunotherapy treatment. J Transl Med 2020; 18:49. [PMID: 32014010 PMCID: PMC6998840 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) only the 20-30% of treated patients present long term benefits. The metabolic changes occurring in the gut microbiota metabolome are herein proposed as a factor potentially influencing the response to immunotherapy. METHODS The metabolomic profiling of gut microbiota was characterized in 11 patients affected by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab in second-line treatment with anti-PD-1 nivolumab. The metabolomics analyses were performed by GC-MS/SPME and 1H-NMR in order to detect volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Metabolomic data were processed by statistical profiling and chemometric analyses. RESULTS Four out of 11 patients (36%) presented early progression, while the remaining 7 out of 11 (64%) presented disease progression after 12 months. 2-Pentanone (ketone) and tridecane (alkane) were significantly associated with early progression, and on the contrary short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (i.e., propionate, butyrate), lysine and nicotinic acid were significantly associated with long-term beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data suggest a significant role of gut microbiota metabolic pathways in affecting response to immunotherapy. The metabolic approach could be a promising strategy to contribute to the personalized management of cancer patients by the identification of microbiota-linked "indicators" of early progressor and long responder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NMR-based Metabolomics Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alberta Tomassini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NMR-based Metabolomics Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Miccheli
- NMR-based Metabolomics Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Enviromental Biology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Parasitology and Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,AOU Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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132
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Niemuth JN, Harms CA, Macdonald JM, Stoskopf MK. NMR-based metabolomic profile of cold stun syndrome in loggerhead Caretta caretta, green Chelonia mydas and Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii sea turtles in North Carolina, USA. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A. Harms
- MKS and C. A. Harms: Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State Univ., Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Macdonald
- J. M. Macdonald and M. K. Stoskopf, Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael K. Stoskopf
- J. M. Macdonald and M. K. Stoskopf, Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
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133
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van Keulen KE, Jansen ME, Schrauwen RWM, Kolkman JJ, Siersema PD. Volatile organic compounds in breath can serve as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for the detection of advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:334-346. [PMID: 31858615 PMCID: PMC7003780 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosis in the Western world. AIM To evaluate exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a non-invasive biomarker for the detection of CRC and precursor lesions using an electronic nose. METHODS In this multicentre study adult colonoscopy patients, without inflammatory bowel disease or (previous) malignancy, were invited for breath analysis. Two-thirds of the breath tests were randomly assigned to develop training models which were used to predict the diagnosis of the remaining patients (external validation). In the end, all data were used to develop final-disease models to further improve the discriminatory power of the algorithms. RESULTS Five hundred and eleven breath samples were collected. Sixty-four patients were excluded due to an inadequate breath test (n = 51), incomplete colonoscopy (n = 8) or colitis (n = 5). Classification was based on the most advanced lesion found; CRC (n = 70), advanced adenomas (AAs) (n = 117), non-advanced adenoma (n = 117), hyperplastic polyp (n = 15), normal colonoscopy (n = 125). Training models for CRC and AAs had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 and 0.71 and blind validation resulted in an AUC of 0.74 and 0.61 respectively. Final models for CRC and AAs yielded an AUC of 0.84 (sensitivity 95% and specificity 64%) and 0.73 (sensitivity and specificity 79% and 59%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that exhaled VOCs could potentially serve as a non-invasive biomarker for the detection of CRC and AAs. Future studies including more patients could further improve the discriminatory potential of VOC analysis for the detection of (pre-)malignant colorectal lesions. (https://clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT03488537).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. van Keulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Maud E. Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedisch Spectrum TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands,University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen J. Kolkman
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedisch Spectrum TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands,University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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134
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Effects of Antibiotic Pretreatment of an Ulcerative Colitis-Derived Fecal Microbial Community on the Integration of Therapeutic Bacteria In Vitro. mSystems 2020; 5:5/1/e00404-19. [PMID: 31992630 PMCID: PMC6989129 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00404-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a proposedly useful strategy for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders through remediation of the patient gut microbiota. However, its therapeutic success has been variable, necessitating research to uncover mechanisms that improve patient response. Antibiotic pretreatment has been proposed as one method to enhance the success rate by increasing niche availability for introduced species. Several limitations hinder exploring this hypothesis in clinical studies, such as deleterious side effects and the development of antimicrobial resistance in patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of an in vitro, bioreactor-based, colonic ecosystem model as a form of preclinical testing by determining how pretreatment with the antibiotic rifaximin influenced engraftment of bacterial strains sourced from a healthy donor into an ulcerative colitis-derived defined microbial community. Distinct species integrated under the pretreated and untreated conditions, with the relative rifaximin resistance of the microbial strains being an important influencer. However, both conditions resulted in the integration of taxa from Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa, a concomitant reduction of Proteobacteria, and similar decreases in metabolites associated with poor health status. Our results agree with the findings of similar research in the clinic by others, which observed no difference in primary patient outcomes whether or not patients were given rifaximin prior to FMT. We therefore conclude that our model is useful for screening for antibiotics that could improve efficacy of FMT when used as a pretreatment.IMPORTANCE Patients with gastrointestinal disorders often exhibit derangements in their gut microbiota, which can exacerbate their symptoms. Replenishing these ecosystems with beneficial bacteria through fecal microbiota transplantation is thus a proposedly useful therapeutic; however, clinical success has varied, necessitating research into strategies to improve outcomes. Antibiotic pretreatment has been suggested as one such approach, but concerns over harmful side effects have hindered testing this hypothesis clinically. Here, we evaluate the use of bioreactors supporting defined microbial communities derived from human fecal samples as models of the colonic microbiota in determining the effectiveness of antibiotic pretreatment. We found that relative antimicrobial resistance was a key determinant of successful microbial engraftment with rifaximin (broad-spectrum antibiotic) pretreatment, despite careful timing of the application of the therapeutic agents, resulting in distinct species profiles from those of the control but with similar overall outcomes. Our model had results comparable to the clinical findings and thus can be used to screen for useful antibiotics.
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135
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Comparison of Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Solid Phase Microextraction of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Metabolite Profile of Staphylococcus Aureus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 25:molecules25010055. [PMID: 31877955 PMCID: PMC6982899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the analysis of volatile bacterial compounds, solid phase microextraction (SPME) is currently the most widely used metabolite concentration technique. Recently, the potential of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) for this use has been demonstrated. These two approaches were therefore used in combination with gas-chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile bacterial compounds produced by Staphylococcus aureus. In both cases, SPME and SBSE/headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) enrichment was carried out in two coating phases. A whole analytical and statistical process was developed to differentiate the metabolites produced from the metabolites consumed. The results obtained with SBSE/HSSE and SPME were compared and showed the recovery of 90% of the compounds by SBSE/HSSE. In addition, we were able to detect the production of 12 volatile/semi-volatile compounds by S. aureus, six of which had never been reported before. The extraction by SBSE/HSSE showed higher concentration capacities and greater sensitivity than SPME concerning bacterial compounds, suggesting that this technique may therefore become the new preferred option for bacterial volatile and semi-volatile compound analysis.
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136
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Monitoring type 2 diabetes from volatile faecal metabolome in Cushing's syndrome and single Afmid mouse models via a longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18779. [PMID: 31827172 PMCID: PMC6906526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a non-invasive method for disease monitoring, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) has shown potential over the years although not yet set in clinical practice. Longitudinal studies to date are limited and the understanding of the underlying VOC emission over the age is poorly understood. This study investigated longitudinal changes in VOCs present in faecal headspace in two mouse models of T2D – Cushing’s syndrome and single Afmid knockout mice. Longitudinal changes in bodyweight, blood glucose levels and plasma insulin concentration were also reported. Faecal headspace analysis was carried out using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Multivariate data analysis of the VOC profile showed differences mainly in acetic acid and butyric acid able to discriminate the groups Afmid and Cushing’s mice. Moreover, multivariate data analysis revealed statistically significant differences in VOCs between Cushing’s mice/wild-type (WT) littermates, mainly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ketones, and alcohols, and longitudinal differences mainly attributed to methanol, ethanol and acetone. Afmid mice did not present statistically significant differences in their volatile faecal metabolome when compared to their respective WT littermates. The findings suggested that mice developed a diabetic phenotype and that the altered VOC profile may imply a related change in gut microbiota, particularly in Cushing’s mice. Furthermore, this study provided major evidence of age-related changes on the volatile profile of diabetic mice.
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The smell of longevity: a combination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can discriminate centenarians and their offspring from age-matched subjects and young controls. GeroScience 2019; 42:201-216. [PMID: 31808027 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by dynamic changes at metabolic level that lead to modifications in the composition of the metabolome. Since the identification of biomarkers that can discriminate people of different age and health status has recently attracted a great interest, we wondered whether age-specific changes in the metabolome could be identified and serve as new and informative biomarkers of aging and longevity. In the last few years, a specific branch of metabonomics devoted to the study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been developed. To date, little is known about the profile of specific VOCs in healthy aging and longevity in humans; therefore, we investigated the profile of VOCs in both urine and feces samples from 73 volunteers of different age including centenarians that represent useful "super-controls" to identify potential biomarkers of successful aging and footprints of longevity. To this purpose, we performed a discriminant analysis by which we were able to identify specific profiles of urinary and fecal VOCs. Such profiles can discriminate different age groups, from young to centenarians, and, even more interesting, centenarians' offspring from age-matched controls. Moreover, we were able to identify VOCs that are specific for the couples "centenarians - offspring" or the trios "centenarians - offspring - spouse," suggesting the possible existence of a familiar component also for VOCs profile.
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138
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Kimball BA, Volker SF, Griffin DL, Johnson SR, Gilbert AT. Volatile metabolomic signatures of rabies immunization in two mesocarnivore species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007911. [PMID: 31790413 PMCID: PMC6907841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with rabies virus, which circulates naturally in several wild carnivore and bat reservoirs in the United States (US). The most important reservoir in the US from an animal and public health perspective is the raccoon (Procyon lotor). To prevent the westward expansion of a significant raccoon rabies epizootic along the eastern seaboard, an operational control program implementing oral rabies vaccination (ORV) has existed in the US since the 1990s. Recently, two vaccine efficacy studies conducted with raccoons and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) provided the opportunity to determine if volatile fecal metabolites might be used to non-invasively monitor ORV programs and/or predict virus protection for these species. The volatile metabolome is a rich source of information that may significantly contribute to our understanding of disease and infection. Fecal samples were collected at multiple time points from raccoons and striped skunks subjected to oral treatment with rabies vaccine (or sham). Intramuscular challenge with a lethal dose of rabies virus was used to determine protection status at six (raccoons) and 11 (skunks) months post-vaccination. In addition to fecal samples, blood was collected at various time points to permit quantitative assessment of rabies antibody responses arising from immunization. Feces were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and the chromatographic responses were grouped according to cluster analysis. Cluster scores were subjected to multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) to determine if fecal volatiles may hold a signal of immunization status. Multiple regression was then used to build models of the measured immune responses based on the metabolomic data. MANOVA results identified one cluster associated with protective status of skunks and one cluster associated with protective status of raccoons. Regression models demonstrated considerably greater success in predicting rabies antibody responses in both species. This is the first study to link volatile compounds with measures of adaptive immunity and provides further evidence that the volatile metabolome holds great promise for contributing to our understanding of disease and infections. The volatile metabolome may be an important resource for monitoring rabies immunization in raccoons and striped skunks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Kimball
- USDA-APHIS-WS-NWRC, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven F Volker
- USDA-APHIS-WS-NWRC, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Doreen L Griffin
- USDA-APHIS-WS-NWRC, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shylo R Johnson
- USDA-APHIS-WS-NWRC, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amy T Gilbert
- USDA-APHIS-WS-NWRC, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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139
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Janfaza S, Khorsand B, Nikkhah M, Zahiri J. Digging deeper into volatile organic compounds associated with cancer. Biol Methods Protoc 2019; 4:bpz014. [PMID: 32161807 PMCID: PMC6994028 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced and emitted through the metabolism of cancer cells or the body's immune system, are considered novel cancer biomarkers for diagnostic purposes. Of late, a large number of work has been done to find a relationship between VOCs' signature of body and cancer. Cancer-related VOCs can be used to detect several types of cancers at the earlier stages which in turn provide a significantly higher chance of survival. Here we aim to provide an updated picture of cancer-related VOCs based on recent findings in this field focusing on cancer odor database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Janfaza
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran 14117, Iran
| | - Babak Khorsand
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran 14117, Iran
| | - Javad Zahiri
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran 14117, Iran
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140
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Vossen E, Goethals S, De Vrieze J, Boon N, Van Hecke T, De Smet S. Red and processed meat consumption within two different dietary patterns: Effect on the colon microbial community and volatile metabolites in pigs. Food Res Int 2019; 129:108793. [PMID: 32036914 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigs were fed either red and processed meat or chicken meat within either a prudent or a Western dietary pattern for four weeks (2 × 2 full factorial design). The colon microbial community and volatile organic compounds were assessed (either quantified or based on their presence). Results show that Lactobacilli were characteristic for the chicken × prudent dietary pattern treatment and Paraprevotella for the red and processed meat × prudent dietary pattern treatment. Enterobacteriaceae and Desulfovibrio were characteristic for the chicken × Western dietary pattern treatment and Butyrivibrio for the red and processed meat × Western dietary pattern treatment. Campylobacter was characteristic for chicken consumption and Clostridium XIVa for red and processed meat, irrespective of the dietary pattern. Ethyl valerate and 1-methylthio-propane were observed more frequently in pigs fed red and processed meat compared to chicken meat. The prevalence of 3-methylbutanal was >80% for pigs receiving a Western dietary pattern, whereas for pigs fed a prudent dietary pattern the prevalence was <35%. The concentration of butanoic acid was significantly higher when the prudent dietary pattern was given, compared to the Western dietary pattern, but no differences for other short chain fatty acids or protein fermentation products were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Vossen
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Goethals
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Hecke
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
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141
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury and Changes During Dialysis. Crit Care Med 2019; 47:239-246. [PMID: 30365402 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize volatile organic compounds in breath exhaled by ventilated care patients with acute kidney injury and changes over time during dialysis. DESIGN Prospective observational feasibility study. SETTING Critically ill patients on an ICU in a University Hospital, Germany. PATIENTS Twenty sedated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated patients with acute kidney injury and indication for dialysis. INTERVENTIONS Patients exhalome was evaluated from at least 30 minutes before to 7 hours after beginning of continuous venovenous hemodialysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Expired air samples were aspirated from the breathing circuit at 20-minute intervals and analyzed using multicapillary column ion-mobility spectrometry. Volatile organic compound intensities were compared with a ventilated control group with normal renal function. A total of 60 different signals were detected by multicapillary column ion-mobility spectrometry, of which 44 could be identified. Thirty-four volatiles decreased during hemodialysis, whereas 26 remained unaffected. Forty-five signals showed significant higher intensities in patients with acute kidney injury compared with control patients with normal renal function. Among these, 30 decreased significantly during hemodialysis. Volatile cyclohexanol (23 mV; 2575th, 19-38), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (16 mV, 9-26), 3-methylbutanal (20 mV; 14-26), and dimer of isoprene (26 mV; 18-32) showed significant higher intensities in acute kidney impairment compared with control group (12 mV; 10-16 and 8 mV; 7-14 and not detectable and 4 mV; 0-6; p < 0.05) and a significant decline after 7 hours of continuous venovenous hemodialysis (16 mV; 13-21 and 7 mV; 6-13 and 9 mV; 8-13 and 14 mV; 10-19). CONCLUSIONS Exhaled concentrations of 45 volatile organic compounds were greater in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury than in patients with normal renal function. Concentrations of two-thirds progressively decreased during dialysis. Exhalome analysis may help quantify the severity of acute kidney injury and to gauge the efficacy of dialysis.
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142
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Lima AR, Pinto J, Azevedo AI, Barros-Silva D, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, de Lourdes Bastos M, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M. Identification of a biomarker panel for improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis by volatile metabolic profiling of urine. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:857-868. [PMID: 31588123 PMCID: PMC6889512 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) is a major hurdle to improve patient management. METHODS A metabolomics approach based on GC-MS was used to investigate the performance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in general and, more specifically, volatile carbonyl compounds (VCCs) present in urine as potential markers for PCa detection. RESULTS Results showed that PCa patients (n = 40) can be differentiated from cancer-free subjects (n = 42) based on their urinary volatile profile in both VOCs and VCCs models, unveiling significant differences in the levels of several metabolites. The models constructed were further validated using an external validation set (n = 18 PCa and n = 18 controls) to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the urinary volatile profile to discriminate PCa from controls. The VOCs model disclosed 78% sensitivity, 94% specificity and 86% accuracy, whereas the VCCs model achieved the same sensitivity, a specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 89%. Our findings unveil a panel of 6 volatile compounds significantly altered in PCa patients' urine samples that was able to identify PCa, with a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 83%, and accuracy of 86%. CONCLUSIONS It is disclosed a biomarker panel with potential to be used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Lima
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pinto
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Azevedo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Barros-Silva
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology-Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology-Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.
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143
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Identification of volatile biomarkers of Giardia duodenalis infection in children with persistent diarrhoea. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3139-3147. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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144
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Niccolai E, Baldi S, Ricci F, Russo E, Nannini G, Menicatti M, Poli G, Taddei A, Bartolucci G, Calabrò AS, Stingo FC, Amedei A. Evaluation and comparison of short chain fatty acids composition in gut diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5543-5558. [PMID: 31576099 PMCID: PMC6767983 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An altered (dysbiosis) and unhealthy status of the gut microbiota is usually responsible for a reduction of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration. SCFAs obtained from the carbohydrate fermentation processes are crucial in maintaining gut homeostasis and their determination in stool samples could provide a faster, reliable and cheaper method to highlight the presence of an intestinal dysbiosis and a biomarker for various gut diseases. We hypothesize that different intestinal diseases, such as celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP) and colorectal cancer (CRC) could display a particular fecal SCFAs' signature. AIM To compare the fecal SCFAs' profiles of CD, AP, CRC patients and healthy controls, using the same analytical method. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we defined and compared the SCFAs' concentration in fecal samples of 9 AP, 16 CD, 19 CRC patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). The SCFAs' analysis were performed using a gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method. Data analysis was carried out using Wilcoxon rank-sum test to assess pairwise differences of SCFAs' profiles, partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) to determine the status membership based on distinct SCFAs' profiles, and Dirichlet regression to determine factors influencing concentration levels of SCFAs. RESULTS We have not observed any difference in the SCFAs' amount and composition between CD and healthy control. On the contrary, the total amount of SCFAs was significantly lower in CRC patients compared to HC (P = 0.044) and CD (P = 0.005). Moreover, the SCFAs' percentage composition was different in CRC and AP compared to HC. In detail, HC displayed higher percentage of acetic acid (P value = 1.3 × 10-6) and a lower amount of butyric (P value = 0.02192), isobutyric (P value = 7.4 × 10-5), isovaleric (P value = 0.00012) and valeric (P value = 0.00014) acids compared to CRC patients. AP showed a lower abundance of acetic acid (P value = 0.00062) and higher percentages of propionic (P value = 0.00433) and isovaleric (P value = 0.00433) acids compared to HC. Moreover, AP showed higher levels of propionic acid (P value = 0.03251) and a lower level of isobutyric acid (P value = 0.00427) in comparison to CRC. The PLS-DA model demonstrated a significant separation of CRC and AP groups from HC, although some degree of overlap was observed between CRC and AP. CONCLUSION Analysis of fecal SCFAs shows the potential to provide a non-invasive means of diagnosis to detect patients with CRC and AP, while CD patients cannot be discriminated from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poli
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G.Parenti”, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Antonino Salvatore Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
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145
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Kücklich M, Weiß BM, Birkemeyer C, Einspanier A, Widdig A. Chemical cues of female fertility states in a non-human primate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13716. [PMID: 31548568 PMCID: PMC6757047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies suggest that olfaction is important for communication throughout the order of primates. Callitrichids, in particular, have well-developed olfactory systems and use anogenital glands to produce scent marks. Behavioural studies have shown that male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) distinguish between odours from the peri-ovulatory and luteal phase of females. However, large gaps remain in understanding the chemical underpinnings of olfactory cues. To investigate whether chemical cues vary with female fertility and reproductive quality, our study combined behavioural bioassays with chemical analyses of the anogenital odours of female common marmosets using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that cycle states, age and parity have an impact on chemical profiles and further identified affected chemical substances. Our results confirm and expand on previous behavioural evidence for cues of fertility. Our results indicate that cycle-related substances likely act as chemical cues. Males could use such olfactory fertility cues to optimize their mating effort and thereby increase their paternity certainty. This certainty could enhance paternal care for their infants. The results of our study open a promising avenue to find the metabolic pathways from which chemical cues of fertility arise and to unravel their importance during primate evolution in future comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Kücklich
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Research Group of Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Brigitte M Weiß
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Almuth Einspanier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Widdig
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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146
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Rondanelli M, Perdoni F, Infantino V, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Iannello G, Nichetti M, Alalwan TA, Perna S, Cocuzza C. Volatile Organic Compounds as Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Nutritional Status. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:7247802. [PMID: 31583160 PMCID: PMC6754926 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7247802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to identify the best solution for rapid and noninvasive diagnosis and long-term monitoring of patients affected by inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, colon and gastric cancer, obesity in correlation to diet, and breast milk to evaluate exposure to VOCs in women and infants. METHODS This review included 20 previously published eligible studies. VOC analysis has allowed us to highlight differences in lifestyles, intestinal microbiota, and metabolism. New innovative methods have been described that allow the detection and quantification of a broad spectrum of metabolites present in exhaled breath even at very low levels, some of which have been shown to be indicators of pathological conditions. RESULTS Five studies were analyzed that involved VOC analysis in relation to type of diet. All of them showed that the type of diet can have an impact on metabolites excreted and therefore can be a useful tool in the nutritional studies related to metabolism and health and disease status. Two studies concerned VOC analysis in inflammatory bowel diseases, and the results showed that VOCs can distinguish active disease from remission; VOC profile is clearly different in patients. In particular, C15H30 1-pentadecene, 3-methyl-1-butanal, octane, acetic acid, alpha-pinene, and m-cymene are elevated in active ulcerative colitis. Four studies examined VOCs in gastric and colorectal tumors showing a change in metabolic biomarkers of cancer patients compared to the control group. Finally, the study of VOCs in breast milk has improved the understanding of the potential health risks of exposure of children to chemical pollutants. CONCLUSIONS VOC analysis allowed to highlight differences in behavior, lifestyle, and metabolism of individuals. Analytical methods are continuously developed to allow for better detection and quantification of metabolites, thus enabling the detection of a broader spectrum of pathophysiology and disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Federica Perdoni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mara Nichetti
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Tariq A. Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus P.O. Box 32038, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus P.O. Box 32038, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Clementina Cocuzza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
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147
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Thermodynamic assessment of human feces gasification: an experimental-based approach. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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148
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Barbosa JMG, Pereira NZ, David LC, de Oliveira CG, Soares MFG, Avelino MAG, de Oliveira AE, Shokry E, Filho NRA. Cerumenogram: a new frontier in cancer diagnosis in humans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11722. [PMID: 31409861 PMCID: PMC6692389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the deadliest human disease and the development of new diagnosis methods is important to increase the chances of a cure. In this work it was developed a new method, named here for the first time as cerumenogram, using cerumen (earwax) as a new biomatrix for diagnosis. Earwax samples collected from cancer patients (cancer group) and cancer-free patients (control group) were analyzed by Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS/GC-MS), following with multivariate analysis steps to process the raw data generated. In total, 158 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) were identified in the cerumen samples. The 27 selected as potential VOMs biomarkers for cancer provided 100% discrimination between the cancer and control groups. This new test can thus be routinely employed for cancer diagnoses that is non-invasive, fast, cheap, and highly accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Gonçalves Barbosa
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Naiara Zedes Pereira
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lurian Caetano David
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Camilla Gabriela de Oliveira
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus I - Colemar Natal e Silva, 74605-020, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marina Ferraz Gontijo Soares
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus I - Colemar Natal e Silva, 74605-020, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus I - Colemar Natal e Silva, 74605-020, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (LQTC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Engy Shokry
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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149
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Sánchez Pérez LDC, Espinosa Montaño LG, Del Moral-Ramírez E, Ramírez-Médeles MDC, Gutiérrez-Magdaleno G, Pérez-Hernández G. Influence of physicochemical factors on environmental availability and distribution of semiochemicals that affect Varroa destructor and phylogenetically close organisms: classification by VHWOC PCA-clustering. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02269. [PMID: 31440601 PMCID: PMC6699418 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor parasites Apis mellifera larvae following the interception of the semiochemicals involved in bee communication; thus, the semiochemical availability and distribution pathways take place within different physicochemical environments. The structure of 172 molecules with semiochemical activity on Varroa destructor was used to compute the representative physicochemical descriptors of the thermodynamic partition among different physicochemical environments: vapor pressure (V), Henry's coefficient (H), water solubility constant (W), octanol-water partition coefficient (O) and organic carbon partition coefficient (C); VHWOC. The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering of VHWOC descriptors allowed us to establish the trend in availability and distribution of the semiochemicals resulting in a 4 classes model of physicochemical environments: Class 1, Soluble/Volatile; Class 2, Soluble; Class 3, Contact; Class 4, Adsorbed/Volatile. Our results suggest that semiochemicals can transit between different thermodynamic equilibrium phases depending on environment conditions. The classification prediction of the model was tested on 6 new molecules obtained from ketonic extracts of L5 Apis mellifera drone larvae; locating them in class 4, which was consistent with their molecular structure. This study can be the starting point for the design of synthetic semiochemicals or for the control of Varroa destructor. In addition, the method can be used in the analysis of other semiochemical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Guadalupe Espinosa Montaño
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Abejas, Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Conejos y Organismos Acuáticos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Del Moral-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Ramírez-Médeles
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04960, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Magdaleno
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, C.P. 05348, Mexico
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, C.P. 05348, Mexico
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150
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Dekel A, Yakir E, Bohbot JD. The evolutionarily conserved indolergic receptors of the non-hematophagous elephant mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 110:45-51. [PMID: 31004793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The conservation of the mosquito indolergic receptors across the Culicinae and Anophelinae mosquito lineages, which spans 200 million years of evolution, is a testament to the central role of indolic compounds in the biology of these insects. Indole and skatole have been associated with the detection of oviposition sites and animal hosts. To evaluate the potential ecological role of these two compounds, we have used a pharmacological approach to characterize homologs of the indolergic receptors Or2 and Or10 in the non-hematophagous elephant mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis. We provide evidence that both receptors are narrowly tuned to indole and skatole like their counterparts from hematophagous mosquitoes. These findings indicate that Toxorhynchites detects indole and skatole in an ecological context to be determined and underscore the importance of understanding the role of these compounds in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dekel
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Esther Yakir
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jonathan D Bohbot
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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