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Flexas J, Gago J. A role for ecophysiology in the 'omics' era. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:251-259. [PMID: 30091802 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant Ecophysiology is the study on how Plant Physiology is modulated by the environment. This discipline could have benefited greatly from the development of the different 'omic' technologies (from genomics to metabolomics). Instead, the overall impression is that ecophysiology and 'omics' have developed mostly independent each other. Here we provide a literature analysis over the past 20 years which fully confirms this view. Then, we review a few examples of studies in which ecophysiology and 'omics' studies have combined to different extents to illustrate the potential benefits from their mutualistic interaction. In addition, we debate on the possibilities of working with plants other than Arabidopsis, which is illustrated with some examples of fascinating plants from extreme environments of the world, what we call the 'sherplants'. Finally, we raise a call to both communities (ecophysiology and 'omics') to integrate these disciplines to enter an 'ecophysiolomics era' to maximize our understanding about plant mechanisms from a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), cta. Valldemossa km 7, 5 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), cta. Valldemossa km 7, 5 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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102
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Nadal M, Flexas J, Gulías J. Possible link between photosynthesis and leaf modulus of elasticity among vascular plants: a new player in leaf traits relationships? Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1372-1379. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions Departament de Biologia; Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions Departament de Biologia; Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
| | - Javier Gulías
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions Departament de Biologia; Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
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103
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Wang X, Du T, Huang J, Peng S, Xiong D. Leaf hydraulic vulnerability triggers the decline in stomatal and mesophyll conductance during drought in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4033-4045. [PMID: 29788146 PMCID: PMC6054168 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological responses of crops to drought is important for ensuring sustained crop productivity under climate change, which is expected to exacerbate the frequency and intensity of periods of drought. Drought responses involve multiple traits, and the correlations between these traits are poorly understood. Using a variety of techniques, we estimated the changes in gas exchange, leaf hydraulic conductance, and leaf turgor in rice (Oryza sativa) in response to both short- and long-term soil drought. We performed a photosynthetic limitation analysis to quantify the contributions of each limiting factor to the resultant overall decrease in photosynthesis during drought. Biomass, leaf area, and leaf width significantly decreased during the 2-week drought treatment, but leaf mass per area and leaf vein density increased. Light-saturated photosynthetic rate declined dramatically during soil drought, mainly due to the decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm). Stomatal modeling suggested that the decline in leaf hydraulic conductance explained most of the decrease in stomatal closure during the drought treatment, and may also trigger the drought-related decrease of stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance. The results of this study provide insight into the regulation of carbon assimilation under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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104
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Yang ZH, Huang W, Yang QY, Chang W, Zhang SB. Anatomical and diffusional determinants inside leaves explain the difference in photosynthetic capacity between Cypripedium and Paphiopedilum, Orchidaceae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:315-328. [PMID: 29159723 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Comparing with other angiosperms, most members within the family Orchidaceae have lower photosynthetic capacities. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Cypripedium and Paphiopedilum are closely related phylogenetically in Orchidaceae, but their photosynthetic performances are different. We explored the roles of internal anatomy and diffusional conductance in determining photosynthesis in three Cypripedium and three Paphiopedilum species, and quantitatively analyzed their diffusional and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis. Paphiopedilum species showed lower light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A N), stomatal conductance (g s), and mesophyll conductance (g m) than Cypripedium species. A N was positively correlated with g s and g m. And yet, in both species A N was more strongly limited by g m than by biochemical factors or g s. The greater g s of Cypripedium was mainly affected by larger stomatal apparatus area and smaller pore depth, while the less g m of Paphiopedilum was determined by the reduced surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspace per unit of leaf area, and much thicker cell wall thickness. These results suggest that leaf anatomical structure is the key factor affecting g m, which is largely responsible for the difference in photosynthetic capacity between those two genera. Our findings provide new insight into the photosynthetic physiology and functional diversification of orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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105
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Wang X, Wang W, Huang J, Peng S, Xiong D. Diffusional conductance to CO 2 is the key limitation to photosynthesis in salt-stressed leaves of rice (Oryza sativa). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:45-58. [PMID: 29055043 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity significantly limits leaf photosynthesis but the factors causing the limitation in salt-stressed leaves remain unclear. In the present work, photosynthetic and biochemical traits were investigated in four rice genotypes under two NaCl concentration (0 and 150 mM) to assess the stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical contributions to reduced photosynthetic rate (A) in salt-stressed leaves. Our results indicated that salinity led to a decrease in A, leaf osmotic potential, electron transport rate and CO2 concentrations in the chloroplasts (Cc ) of rice leaves. Decreased A in salt-stressed leaves was mainly attributable to low Cc , which was determined by stomatal and mesophyll conductance. The increased stomatal limitation was mainly related to the low leaf osmotic potential caused by soil salinity. However, the increased mesophyll limitation in salt-stressed leaves was related to both osmotic stress and ion stress. These findings highlight the importance of considering mesophyll conductance when developing salinity-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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106
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Drăghiceanu OA, Soare LC, Fierăscu I, Fierăscu RC, Popescu M. Lead-Induced Physiological, Biochemical and Enzymatic Changes in Asplenium scolopendrium L. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:438-443. [PMID: 29335756 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper aims to determine the lead-induced physiological, biochemical and enzymatic changes in Asplenium scolopendrium, which could represent biomarkers used in environmental assessment. Of all the physiological processes, photosynthesis and respiration were analyzed and the enzymatic and biochemical determinations focused on catalase activity, assimilatory pigment concentration, polyphenol content and lead presence in tissues.The stress induced by the exposure to Pb of the species Asplenium scolopendrium determined an increase in the carotenoid content, the catalase activity, the total polyphenol content and also enhanced the respiration potential. No significant changes were recorded regarding the chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic activity. The recorded changes may be used as non-specific markers in the assessment of the impact of Pb on plants (Asplenium scolopendrium).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Cristina Soare
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pitești, 1 Târgul din Vale, 110040, Pitesti, Romania.
| | - Irina Fierăscu
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202, Spl. Independenței, Sect 6, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu-Claudiu Fierăscu
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202, Spl. Independenței, Sect 6, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Popescu
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pitești, 1 Târgul din Vale, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
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107
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Xiong D, Douthe C, Flexas J. Differential coordination of stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and leaf hydraulic conductance in response to changing light across species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:436-450. [PMID: 29220546 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (gs ) and mesophyll conductance (gm ) represent major constraints to photosynthetic rate (A), and these traits are expected to coordinate with leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) across species, under both steady-state and dynamic conditions. However, empirical information about their coordination is scarce. In this study, Kleaf , gas exchange, stomatal kinetics, and leaf anatomy in 10 species including ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms were investigated to elucidate the correlation of H2 O and CO2 diffusion inside leaves under varying light conditions. Gas exchange, Kleaf , and anatomical traits varied widely across species. Under light-saturated conditions, the A, gs , gm , and Kleaf were strongly correlated across species. However, the response patterns of A, gs , gm , and Kleaf to varying light intensities were highly species dependent. Moreover, stomatal opening upon light exposure of dark-adapted leaves in the studied ferns and gymnosperms was generally faster than in the angiosperms; however, stomatal closing in light-adapted leaves after darkening was faster in angiosperms. The present results show that there is a large variability in the coordination of leaf hydraulic and gas exchange parameters across terrestrial plant species, as well as in their responses to changing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
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108
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Flexas J, Cano FJ, Carriquí M, Coopman RE, Mizokami Y, Tholen D, Xiong D. CO2 Diffusion Inside Photosynthetic Organs. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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109
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Oguchi R, Onoda Y, Terashima I, Tholen D. Leaf Anatomy and Function. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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110
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Lima VF, Medeiros DB, Dos Anjos L, Gago J, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Toward multifaceted roles of sucrose in the regulation of stomatal movement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1494468. [PMID: 30067434 PMCID: PMC6149408 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1494468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant atmospheric CO2 fixation depends on the aperture of stomatal pores at the leaf epidermis. Stomatal aperture or closure is regulated by changes in the metabolism of the two surrounding guard cells, which respond directly to environmental and internal cues such as mesophyll-derived metabolites. Sucrose has been shown to play a dual role during stomatal movements. The sucrose produced in the mesophyll cells can be transported to the vicinity of the guard cells via the transpiration stream, inducing closure in periods of high photosynthetic rate. By contrast, sucrose breakdown within guard cells sustains glycolysis and glutamine biosynthesis during light-induced stomatal opening. Here, we provide an update regarding the role of sucrose in the regulation of stomatal movement highlighting recent findings from metabolic and systems biology studies. We further explore how sucrose-mediated mechanisms of stomatal movement regulation could be useful to understand evolution of stomatal physiology among different plant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. F. Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
- CONTACT Danilo M. Daloso Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - D. B. Medeiros
- Central metabolism group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - L. Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras-MG, Brasil
| | - J. Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions. Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears)/Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Illes Balears, Spain
| | - A. R. Fernie
- Central metabolism group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - D. M. Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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111
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Lu Z, Pan Y, Hu W, Cong R, Ren T, Guo S, Lu J. The photosynthetic and structural differences between leaves and siliques of Brassica napus exposed to potassium deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:240. [PMID: 29228924 PMCID: PMC5725657 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of photosynthesis in chlorenchymas under potassium (K) deficiency focus exclusively on leaves; however, little information is available on the physiological role of K on reproductive structures, which play a critical role in plant carbon gain. Brassica napus L., a natural organ-succession species, was used to compare the morphological, anatomical and photo-physiological differences between leaves and siliques exposed to K-deficiency. RESULTS Compared to leaves, siliques displayed considerably lower CO2 assimilation rates (A) under K-deficient (-K) or sufficient conditions (+K), limited by decreased stomatal conductance (g s), apparent quantum yield (α) and carboxylation efficiency (CE), as well as the ratio of the maximum rate of electron transport (J max) and the maximum rate of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation (V cmax). The estimated J max, V cmax and α of siliques were considerably lower than the theoretical value calculated on the basis of a similar ratio between these parameters and chlorophyll concentration (i.e. J max/Chl, V cmax/Chl and α/Chl) to leaves, of which the gaps between estimated- and theoretical-J max was the largest. In addition, the average ratio of J max to V cmax was 16.1% lower than that of leaves, indicating that the weakened electron transport was insufficient to meet the requirements for carbon assimilation. Siliques contained larger but fewer stoma, tightly packed cross-section with larger cells and fewer intercellular air spaces, fewer and smaller chloroplasts and thin grana lamellae, which might be linked to the reduction in light capture and CO2 diffusion. K-deficiency significantly decreased leaf and silique A under the combination of down-regulated stomatal size and g s, chloroplast number, α, V cmax and J max, while the CO2 diffusion distance between chloroplast and cell wall (D chl-cw) was enhanced. Siliques were more sensitive than leaves to K-starvation, exhibiting smaller reductions in tissue K and parameters such as g s, V cmax, J max and D chl-cw. CONCLUSION Siliques had substantially smaller A than leaves, which was attributed to less efficient functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, especially the integrated limitations of biochemical processes (J max and V cmax) and α; however, siliques were slightly less sensitive to K deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- Collge of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Collge of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenshi Hu
- Collge of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Collge of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ren
- Collge of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Collge of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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112
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Roucou A, Violle C, Fort F, Roumet P, Ecarnot M, Vile D. Shifts in plant functional strategies over the course of wheat domestication. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Roucou
- CEFE; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE, IRD; Montpellier France
- LEPSE; Univ Montpellier; INRA; SupAgro Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE, IRD; Montpellier France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE; Montpellier SupAgro; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE, IRD; Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Roumet
- AGAP; Univ Montpellier; CIRAD; INRA; Montpellier SupAgro; Montpellier France
| | - Martin Ecarnot
- AGAP; Univ Montpellier; CIRAD; INRA; Montpellier SupAgro; Montpellier France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE; Univ Montpellier; INRA; SupAgro Montpellier; Montpellier France
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113
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Gago J, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Tohge T, Martorell S, Escalona JM, Ribas-Carbó M, Flexas J, Medrano H. Integrative field scale phenotyping for investigating metabolic components of water stress within a vineyard. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:90. [PMID: 29093742 PMCID: PMC5663058 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently a high requirement for field phenotyping methodologies/technologies to determine quantitative traits related to crop yield and plant stress responses under field conditions. METHODS We employed an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a thermal camera as a high-throughput phenotyping platform to obtain canopy level data of the vines under three irrigation treatments. High-resolution imagery (< 2.5 cm/pixel) was employed to estimate the canopy conductance (gc ) via the leaf energy balance model. In parallel, physiological stress measurements at leaf and stem level as well as leaf sampling for primary and secondary metabolome analysis were performed. RESULTS Aerial gc correlated significantly with leaf stomatal conductance (gs ) and stem sap flow, benchmarking the quality of our remote sensing technique. Metabolome profiles were subsequently linked with gc and gs via partial least square modelling. By this approach malate and flavonols, which have previously been implicated to play a role in stomatal function under controlled greenhouse conditions within model species, were demonstrated to also be relevant in field conditions. CONCLUSIONS We propose an integrative methodology combining metabolomics, organ-level physiology and UAV-based remote sensing of the whole canopy responses to water stress within a vineyard. Finally, we discuss the general utility of this integrative methodology for broad field phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, cta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastiá Martorell
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, cta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - José Mariano Escalona
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, cta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, cta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, cta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Hipólito Medrano
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, cta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Li L, Ma Z, Niinemets Ü, Guo D. Three Key Sub-leaf Modules and the Diversity of Leaf Designs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1542. [PMID: 28932233 PMCID: PMC5592238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Earth harbors a highly diverse array of plant leaf forms. A well-known pattern linking diverse leaf forms with their photosynthetic function across species is the global leaf economics spectrum (LES). However, within homogeneous plant functional groups such as tropical woody angiosperms or temperate deciduous woody angiosperms, many species can share a similar position in the LES but differ in other vital leaf traits, and thus function differently under the given suite of environmental drivers. How diverse leaves differentiate from each other has yet to be fully explained. Here, we propose a new perspective for linking leaf structure and function by arguing that a leaf may be divided into three key sub-modules, the light capture module, the water-nutrient flow module and the gas exchange module. Each module consists of a set of leaf tissues corresponding to a certain resource acquisition function, and the combination and configuration of different modules may differ depending on overall leaf functioning in a given environment. This modularized-leaf perspective differs from the whole-leaf perspective used in leaf economics theory and may serve as a valuable tool for tracing the evolution of leaf form and function. This perspective also implies that the evolutionary direction of various leaf designs is not to optimize a single critical trait, but to optimize the combination of different traits to better adapt to the historical and current environments. Future studies examining how different modules are synchronized for overall leaf functioning should offer critical insights into the diversity of leaf designs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zeqing Ma
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of SciencesTallinn, Estonia
| | - Dali Guo
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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Théroux-Rancourt G, Earles JM, Gilbert ME, Zwieniecki MA, Boyce CK, McElrone AJ, Brodersen CR. The bias of a two-dimensional view: comparing two-dimensional and three-dimensional mesophyll surface area estimates using noninvasive imaging. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1609-1622. [PMID: 28691233 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular air space per leaf area (Sm ) is closely associated with CO2 diffusion and photosynthetic rates. Sm is typically estimated from two-dimensional (2D) leaf sections and corrected for the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of mesophyll cells, leading to potential differences between the estimated and actual cell surface area. Here, we examined how 2D methods used for estimating Sm compare with 3D values obtained from high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) for 23 plant species, with broad phylogenetic and anatomical coverage. Relative to 3D, uncorrected 2D Sm estimates were, on average, 15-30% lower. Two of the four 2D Sm methods typically fell within 10% of 3D values. For most species, only a few 2D slices were needed to accurately estimate Sm within 10% of the whole leaf sample median. However, leaves with reticulate vein networks required more sections because of a more heterogeneous vein coverage across slices. These results provide the first comparison of the accuracy of 2D methods in estimating the complex 3D geometry of internal leaf surfaces. Because microCT is not readily available, we provide guidance for using standard light microscopy techniques, as well as recommending standardization of reporting Sm values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Mason Earles
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Matthew E Gilbert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maciej A Zwieniecki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - C Kevin Boyce
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Deparment of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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116
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Wilson JP, Montañez IP, White JD, DiMichele WA, McElwain JC, Poulsen CJ, Hren MT. Dynamic Carboniferous tropical forests: new views of plant function and potential for physiological forcing of climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1333-1353. [PMID: 28742257 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1333 I. 1334 II. 1335 III. 1339 IV. 1344 V. 1347 VI. 1347 1348 1348 References 1348 SUMMARY: The Carboniferous, the time of Earth's penultimate icehouse and widespread coal formation, was dominated by extinct lineages of early-diverging vascular plants. Studies of nearest living relatives of key Carboniferous plants suggest that their physiologies and growth forms differed substantially from most types of modern vegetation, particularly forests. It remains a matter of debate precisely how differently and to what degree these long-extinct plants influenced the environment. Integrating biophysical analysis of stomatal and vascular conductivity with geochemical analysis of fossilized tissues and process-based ecosystem-scale modeling yields a dynamic and unique perspective on these paleoforests. This integrated approach indicates that key Carboniferous plants were capable of growth and transpiration rates that approach values found in extant crown-group angiosperms, differing greatly from comparatively modest rates found in their closest living relatives. Ecosystem modeling suggests that divergent stomatal conductance, leaf sizes and stem life span between dominant clades would have shifted the balance of soil-atmosphere water fluxes, and thus surface runoff flux, during repeated, climate-driven, vegetation turnovers. This synthesis highlights the importance of 'whole plant' physiological reconstruction of extinct plants and the potential of vascular plants to have influenced the Earth system hundreds of millions of years ago through vegetation-climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel P Montañez
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joseph D White
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - William A DiMichele
- Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Jennifer C McElwain
- Earth Institute, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Poulsen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael T Hren
- Center for Integrative Geosciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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117
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Demmig-Adams B, Stewart JJ, Adams WW. Environmental regulation of intrinsic photosynthetic capacity: an integrated view. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:34-41. [PMID: 28410523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental modulation of photosynthetic capacity is reviewed in the context of its assessment and its regulation, genetic differences among species and ecotypes, and links to plant stress tolerance and productivity. Modulation of intrinsic photosynthetic capacity matches investment in photosynthetic components to opportunity for CO2 uptake and productivity in specific environments, with exceptionally high rates during particularly narrow windows of opportunity. Response varies among species and ecotypes and should be evaluated on multiple reference bases as well as chloroplast, leaf, and whole plant scales. Photosynthetic capacity, total foliar vascular transport capacity, and plant sink strength are modulated in concert. Switching among alternative target sinks and alternative foliar vascular architectures may provide avenues for co-optimization of productivity and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA.
| | - Jared J Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
| | - William W Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
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118
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Groszmann M, Osborn HL, Evans JR. Carbon dioxide and water transport through plant aquaporins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:938-961. [PMID: 27739588 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are channel proteins that function to increase the permeability of biological membranes. In plants, aquaporins are encoded by multigene families that have undergone substantial diversification in land plants. The plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) subfamily of aquaporins is of particular interest given their potential to improve plant water relations and photosynthesis. Flowering plants have between 7 and 28 PIP genes. Their expression varies with tissue and cell type, through development and in response to a variety of factors, contributing to the dynamic and tissue specific control of permeability. There are a growing number of PIPs shown to act as water channels, but those altering membrane permeability to CO2 are more limited. The structural basis for selective substrate specificities has not yet been resolved, although a few key amino acid positions have been identified. Several regions important for dimerization, gating and trafficking are also known. PIP aquaporins assemble as tetramers and their properties depend on the monomeric composition. PIPs control water flux into and out of veins and stomatal guard cells and also increase membrane permeability to CO2 in mesophyll and stomatal guard cells. The latter increases the effectiveness of Rubisco and can potentially influence transpiration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hannah L Osborn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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119
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Reich PB, Flores-Moreno H. Peeking beneath the hood of the leaf economics spectrum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1395-1397. [PMID: 28485082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Habacuc Flores-Moreno
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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120
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Onoda Y, Wright IJ, Evans JR, Hikosaka K, Kitajima K, Niinemets Ü, Poorter H, Tosens T, Westoby M. Physiological and structural tradeoffs underlying the leaf economics spectrum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1447-1463. [PMID: 28295374 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) represents a suite of intercorrelated leaf traits concerning construction costs per unit leaf area, nutrient concentrations, and rates of carbon fixation and tissue turnover. Although broad trade-offs among leaf structural and physiological traits have been demonstrated, we still do not have a comprehensive view of the fundamental constraints underlying the LES trade-offs. Here, we investigated physiological and structural mechanisms underpinning the LES by analysing a novel data compilation incorporating rarely considered traits such as the dry mass fraction in cell walls, nitrogen allocation, mesophyll CO2 diffusion and associated anatomical traits for hundreds of species covering major growth forms. The analysis demonstrates that cell wall constituents are major components of leaf dry mass (18-70%), especially in leaves with high leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and long lifespan. A greater fraction of leaf mass in cell walls is typically associated with a lower fraction of leaf nitrogen (N) invested in photosynthetic proteins; and lower within-leaf CO2 diffusion rates, as a result of thicker mesophyll cell walls. The costs associated with greater investments in cell walls underpin the LES: long leaf lifespans are achieved via higher LMA and in turn by higher cell wall mass fraction, but this inevitably reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Peguero-Pina JJ, Sisó S, Flexas J, Galmés J, García-Nogales A, Niinemets Ü, Sancho-Knapik D, Saz MÁ, Gil-Pelegrín E. Cell-level anatomical characteristics explain high mesophyll conductance and photosynthetic capacity in sclerophyllous Mediterranean oaks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:585-596. [PMID: 28058722 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf mass per area (LMA) has been suggested to negatively affect the mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm ), which is the most limiting factor for area-based photosynthesis (AN ) in many Mediterranean sclerophyll species. However, despite their high LMA, these species have similar AN to plants from other biomes. Variations in other leaf anatomical traits, such as mesophyll and chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air space (Sm /S and Sc /S), may offset the restrictions imposed by high LMA in gm and AN in these species. Seven sclerophyllous Mediterranean oaks from Europe/North Africa and North America with contrasting LMA were compared in terms of morphological, anatomical and photosynthetic traits. Mediterranean oaks showed specific differences in AN that go beyond the common morphological leaf traits reported for these species (reduced leaf area and thick leaves). These variations resulted mainly from the differences in gm , the most limiting factor for carbon assimilation in these species. Species with higher AN showed increased Sc /S, which implies increased gm without changes in stomatal conductance. The occurrence of this anatomical adaptation at the cell level allowed evergreen oaks to reach AN values comparable to congeneric deciduous species despite their higher LMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Sisó
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana García-Nogales
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Saz
- Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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122
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Veromann-Jürgenson LL, Tosens T, Laanisto L, Niinemets Ü. Extremely thick cell walls and low mesophyll conductance: welcome to the world of ancient living! JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1639-1653. [PMID: 28419340 PMCID: PMC5441924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance is thought to be an important photosynthetic limitation in gymnosperms, but they currently constitute the most understudied plant group in regard to the extent to which photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency are limited by mesophyll conductance. A comprehensive analysis of leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic limitations, mesophyll conductance (calculated by three methods previously used for across-species comparisons), and the underlying ultra-anatomical, morphological and chemical traits in 11 gymnosperm species varying in evolutionary history was performed to gain insight into the evolution of structural and physiological controls on photosynthesis at the lower return end of the leaf economics spectrum. Two primitive herbaceous species were included in order to provide greater evolutionary context. Low mesophyll conductance was the main limiting factor of photosynthesis in the majority of species. The strongest sources of limitation were extremely thick mesophyll cell walls, high chloroplast thickness and variation in chloroplast shape and size, and the low exposed surface area of chloroplasts per unit leaf area. In gymnosperms, the negative relationship between net assimilation per mass and leaf mass per area reflected an increased mesophyll cell wall thickness, whereas the easy-to-measure integrative trait of leaf mass per area failed to predict the underlying ultrastructural traits limiting mesophyll conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda-Liisa Veromann-Jürgenson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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123
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Ancient cell structural traits and photosynthesis in today’s environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1389-1392. [PMCID: PMC5444445 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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124
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Takemura K, Kamachi H, Kume A, Fujita T, Karahara I, Hanba YT. A hypergravity environment increases chloroplast size, photosynthesis, and plant growth in the moss Physcomitrella patens. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:181-192. [PMID: 27896464 PMCID: PMC6105216 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and anatomical responses of bryophytes to altered gravity conditions will provide crucial information for estimating how plant physiological traits have evolved to adapt to significant increases in the effects of gravity in land plant history. We quantified changes in plant growth and photosynthesis in the model plant of mosses, Physcomitrella patens, grown under a hypergravity environment for 25 days or 8 weeks using a custom-built centrifuge equipped with a lighting system. This is the first study to examine the response of bryophytes to hypergravity conditions. Canopy-based plant growth was significantly increased at 10×g, and was strongly affected by increases in plant numbers. Rhizoid lengths for individual gametophores were significantly increased at 10×g. Chloroplast diameters (major axis) and thicknesses (minor axis) in the leaves of P. patens were also increased at 10×g. The area-based photosynthesis rate of P. patens was also enhanced at 10×g. Increases in shoot numbers and chloroplast sizes may elevate the area-based photosynthesis rate under hypergravity conditions. We observed a decrease in leaf cell wall thickness under hypergravity conditions, which is in contrast to previous findings obtained using angiosperms. Since mosses including P. patens live in dense populations, an increase in canopy-based plant numbers may be effective to enhance the toughness of the population, and, thus, represents an effective adaptation strategy to a hypergravity environment for P. patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takemura
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamachi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kume
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ichirou Karahara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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125
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Lu Z, Lu J, Pan Y, Lu P, Li X, Cong R, Ren T. Anatomical variation of mesophyll conductance under potassium deficiency has a vital role in determining leaf photosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2428-2439. [PMID: 27423139 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaves exposed to potassium (K) deficiency usually present decreased mesophyll conductance (gm ) and photosynthesis (A). The relative contributions of leaf anatomical traits in determining gm have been quantified; however, anatomical variabilities related to low gm under K starvation remain imperfectly known. A one-dimensional model was used to quantify anatomical controls of the entire CO2 diffusion pathway resistance within a leaf on two Brassica napus L. cultivars in response to K deficiency. Leaf photosynthesis of both cultivars was significantly decreased under K deficiency in parallel with down-regulated gm . The mesophyll conductance limitation contributed to more than one-half of A decline. The decreased internal air space in K-starved leaves was associated with the increase of gas-phase resistance. Potassium deficiency reduced liquid-phase conductance by decreasing the exposed surface area of chloroplasts per unit leaf area (Sc /S), and enlarging the resistance of the cytoplasm that can be interpreted by the increasing distance of chloroplast from cell wall, and between adjacent chloroplasts. Additionally, the discrepancies of A between two cultivars were in part because of gm variations, ascribing to an altered Sc /S. These results emphasize the important role of K on the regulation of gm by enhancing Sc /S and reducing cytoplasm resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Piaopiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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