151
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Chen J, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Intramolecular transport of small-molecule cargo in a nanoscale device operated by light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6765-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02382g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A light-operated molecular nanodevice is able to transport an acetyl cargo intramolecularly over a distance of about 2 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
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152
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Goujon A, Du G, Moulin E, Fuks G, Maaloum M, Buhler E, Giuseppone N. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Muscle-Like Fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:703-7. [PMID: 26582752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An acid-base switchable [c2]daisy chain rotaxane terminated with two 2,6-diacetylamino pyridine units has been self-assembled with a bis(uracil) linker. The complementary hydrogen-bond recognition patterns, together with lateral van der Waals aggregations, result in the hierarchical formation of unidimensional supramolecular polymers associated in bundles of muscle-like fibers. Microscopic and scattering techniques reveal that the mesoscopic structure of these bundles depends on the extended or contracted states that the rotaxanes show within individual polymer chains. The observed local dynamics span over several length scales because of a combination of supramolecular and mechanical bonds. This work illustrates the possibility to modify the hierarchical mesoscopic structuring of large polymeric systems by the integrated actuation of individual molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Goujon
- SAMS research group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
| | - Guangyan Du
- SAMS research group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France).,Current address: Southwest Petroleum University, No.8 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500 (P.R. China)
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS research group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS research group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- SAMS research group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
| | - Eric Buhler
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC) Laboratory, University of Paris Diderot-Paris VII, UMR 7057, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13 (France)
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS research group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France).
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153
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Goujon A, Du G, Moulin E, Fuks G, Maaloum M, Buhler E, Giuseppone N. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Muscle-Like Fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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154
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Stadler AM, Karmazin L, Bailly C. Eine Ca2+-, Mg2+- und Zn2+-basierte dendritische kontraktile Nanovorrichtung mit zwei pH-abhängigen Bewegungsfunktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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155
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Stadler A, Karmazin L, Bailly C. A Ca
2+
‐, Mg
2+
‐, and Zn
2+
‐Based Dendritic Contractile Nanodevice with Two pH‐Dependent Motional Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14570-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian‐Mihail Stadler
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (UMR 7006), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Corinne Bailly
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
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156
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Unidirectional rotary motion in achiral molecular motors. Nat Chem 2015; 7:890-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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157
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Coutrot F. A Focus on Triazolium as a Multipurpose Molecular Station for pH-Sensitive Interlocked Crown-Ether-Based Molecular Machines. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:556-76. [PMID: 26491633 PMCID: PMC4608521 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of motion of one element with respect to others in an interlocked architecture allows for different co-conformational states of a molecule. This can result in variations of physical or chemical properties. The increase of knowledge in the field of molecular interactions led to the design, the synthesis, and the study of various systems of molecular machinery in a wide range of interlocked architectures. In this field, the discovery of new molecular stations for macrocycles is an attractive way to conceive original molecular machines. In the very recent past, the triazolium moiety proved to interact with crown ethers in interlocked molecules, so that it could be used as an ideal molecular station. It also served as a molecular barrier in order to lock interlaced structures or to compartmentalize interlocked molecular machines. This review describes the recently reported examples of pH-sensitive triazolium-containing molecular machines and their peculiar features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 Cnrs, Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier, ENSCMBâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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158
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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159
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Niess F, Duplan V, Diercks CS, Sauvage JP. Contractile and extensible molecular figures-of-eight. Chemistry 2015; 21:14393-400. [PMID: 26332007 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two large rings, 66- (m-66) and 78-membered (m-78) rings, each one incorporating two pairs of transition-metal-complexing units, have been prepared. The coordinating fragments are alternating bi- and tridentate chelating groups, namely, 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dpp) and 2,2',2',6''-terpyridine (terpy) respectively. Both macrocycles form molecular figures-of-eight in the presence of Fe(II) , affording a classical bis-terpy complex as the central core. The larger m-78 ring can accommodate a four-coordinate Cu(I) center with the formation of a {Cu(dpp)2 }(+) central complex and a highly twisted figure-of-eight backbone, whereas m-66 is too small to coordinate Cu(I) . Macrocycle m-78 thus affords stable complexes with both Fe(II) and Cu(I) ; the ligand around the metal changes from (terpy)2 to (dpp)2 . This bimodal coordination situation allows for a large amplitude rearrangement of the organic backbone. When coordinated to preferentially octahedrally coordinated Fe(II) or Cu(II) , the height of the molecule along the coordinating axis of the tridentate terpy ligands is only about 11 Å, whereas the height of the molecule along the same vertical axis is several times as large for the tetrahedral Cu(I) complex. Chemically or electrochemically driven contraction and extension motions along a defined axis make this figure-of-eight particularly promising as a new class of molecular machine prototype for use as a constitutive element in muscle-like dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Niess
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Vincent Duplan
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Christian S Diercks
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg (France).
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160
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Zhang Y, Barboiu M. Constitutional Dynamic Materials—Toward Natural Selection of Function. Chem Rev 2015; 116:809-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems
Group, Institut Européen des Membranes—UMR CNRS 5635, Place Eugène
Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems
Group, Institut Européen des Membranes—UMR CNRS 5635, Place Eugène
Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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161
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McConnell AJ, Wood CS, Neelakandan PP, Nitschke JR. Stimuli-Responsive Metal–Ligand Assemblies. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7729-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash P. Neelakandan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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162
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Götz G, Zhu X, Mishra A, Segura JL, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. π-Conjugated [2]Catenanes Based on Oligothiophenes and Phenanthrolines: Efficient Synthesis and Electronic Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:7193-210. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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163
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Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Yan X, Huang F. Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7398-501. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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164
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Multi-state molecular shuttling of a pair of [2]rotaxane in response to weak and strong acid and base stimuli. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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165
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Qu DH, Wang QC, Zhang QW, Ma X, Tian H. Photoresponsive Host–Guest Functional Systems. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7543-88. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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166
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Zhao YL, Zhang RQ, Minot C, Hermann K, Van Hove MA. Revealing highly unbalanced energy barriers in the extension and contraction of the muscle-like motion of a [c2]daisy chain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18318-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elongated and contracted forms of a [c2]daisy chain polymer under acidic vs. basic conditions optimized by computational simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Zhao
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Rui-Qin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Christian Minot
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong
- China
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
| | - Klaus Hermann
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Michel A. Van Hove
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong
- China
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167
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Irie M, Fukaminato T, Matsuda K, Kobatake S. Photochromism of Diarylethene Molecules and Crystals: Memories, Switches, and Actuators. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12174-277. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1755] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Irie
- Research
Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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168
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Loh IY, Cheng J, Tee SR, Efremov A, Wang Z. From bistate molecular switches to self-directed track-walking nanomotors. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10293-10304. [PMID: 25268955 DOI: 10.1021/nn5034983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Track-walking nanomotors and larger systems integrating these motors are important for wide real-world applications of nanotechnology. However, inventing these nanomotors remains difficult, a sharp contrast to the widespread success of simpler switch-like nanodevices, even though the latter already encompasses basic elements of the former such as engine-like bistate contraction/extension or leg-like controllable binding. This conspicuous gap reflects an impeding bottleneck for the nanomotor development, namely, lack of a modularized construction by which spatially and functionally separable "engines" and "legs" are flexibly assembled into a self-directed motor. Indeed, all track-walking nanomotors reported to date combine the engine and leg functions in the same molecular part, which largely underpins the device-motor gap. Here we propose a general design principle allowing the modularized nanomotor construction from disentangled engine-like and leg-like motifs, and provide an experimental proof of concept by implementing a bipedal DNA nanomotor up to a best working regime of this versatile design principle. The motor uses a light-powered contraction-extension switch to drive a coordinated hand-over-hand directional walking on a DNA track. Systematic fluorescence experiments confirm the motor's directional motion and suggest that the motor possesses two directional biases, one for rear leg dissociation and one for forward leg binding. This study opens a viable route to develop track-walking nanomotors from numerous molecular switches and binding motifs available from nanodevice research and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iong Ying Loh
- Department of Physics, ‡NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, §Center for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
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169
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Li H, Li X, Ågren H, Qu DH. Two switchable star-shaped [1](n)rotaxanes with different multibranched cores. Org Lett 2014; 16:4940-3. [PMID: 25208234 DOI: 10.1021/ol502466x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Two novel star-shaped [1](n)rotaxanes with three and four identical [1]rotaxane arms but different multibranched cores were designed, synthesized, and well-characterized. In the two systems, external base-acid stimuli result in the uniform relative mechanical movement of the macrocyclic rings and threads of their [1]rotaxane arms. The energy-minimized structures of the two rotaxanes in different states were obtained using molecular dynamics simulations in acetone solution, suggesting the construction of more sophisticated molecular machines mimicking the extension and contraction motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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170
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Witus LS, Hartlieb KJ, Wang Y, Prokofjevs A, Frasconi M, Barnes JC, Dale EJ, Fahrenbach AC, Stoddart JF. Relative contractile motion of the rings in a switchable palindromic [3]rotaxane in aqueous solution driven by radical-pairing interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6089-93. [PMID: 25010832 PMCID: PMC4110165 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01228c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial muscles are an essential component for the development of next-generation prosthetic devices, minimally invasive surgical tools, and robotics. This communication describes the design, synthesis, and characterisation of a mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM), capable of switchable and reversible linear molecular motion in aqueous solution that mimics muscular contraction and extension. Compatibility with aqueous solution was achieved in the doubly bistable palindromic [3]rotaxane design by using radical-based molecular recognition as the driving force to induce switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S. Witus
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Karel J. Hartlieb
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA
| | - Edward J. Dale
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Albert C. Fahrenbach
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Department of Molecular Biology , and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA
- Earth-Life Science Institute , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
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171
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Wang S, Zhang N, Ge X, Wan Y, Li X, Yan L, Xia Y, Song B. Self-assembly of an azobenzene-containing polymer prepared by a multi-component reaction: supramolecular nanospheres with photo-induced deformation properties. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:4833-4839. [PMID: 24860850 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00675e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have synthesized a polymer containing regulated azobenzene groups by one-pot multi-component polymerization (MCP) based on Passerini reaction, and investigated its self-assembly behavior and photo-induced deformation properties. We found that this molecule can form spherical structures with sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers when dissolved in THF. NMR and FTIR studies indicate that there are associated hydrogen bonds among the molecules in the aggregates, which are responsible for the formation of the nanospheres. By controlling the stirring rate as the THF suspension is dropped into water, the nanospheres can be sorted according to their size. In this way, we have obtained nanospheres with relatively uniform diameter. When irradiated by UV light in the aqueous medium, the nanospheres tend to aggregate into large clusters, while in dry state they are ready to merge into island-like structures, showing a good photo-induced deformation property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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172
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Han Y, Guo J, Chen C. Complexation of Triptycene-Derived Macrotricyclic Host Containing Pyridine Groups with Paraquat Derivatives: A Switchable Process Controlled by Zn2+Ions. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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173
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Abstract
CONSPECTUS: More than two decades of investigating the chemistry of bistable mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as rotaxanes and catenanes, has led to the advent of numerous molecular switches that express controlled translational or circumrotational movement on the nanoscale. Directed motion at this scale is an essential feature of many biomolecular assemblies known as molecular machines, which carry out essential life-sustaining functions of the cell. It follows that the use of bistable MIMs as artificial molecular machines (AMMs) has been long anticipated. This objective is rarely achieved, however, because of challenges associated with coupling the directed motions of mechanical switches with other systems on which they can perform work. A natural source of inspiration for designing AMMs is muscle tissue, since it is a material that relies on the hierarchical organization of molecular machines (myosin) and filaments (actin) to produce the force and motion that underpin locomotion, circulation, digestion, and many other essential life processes in humans and other animals. Muscle is characterized at both microscopic and macroscopic length scales by its ability to generate forces that vary the distance between two points at the expense of chemical energy. Artificial muscles that mimic this ability are highly sought for applications involving the transduction of mechanical energy. Rotaxane-based molecular switches are excellent candidates for artificial muscles because their architectures intrinsically possess movable filamentous molecular components. In this Account, we describe (i) the different types of rotaxane "molecular muscle" architectures that express contractile and extensile motion, (ii) the molecular recognition motifs and corresponding stimuli that have been used to actuate them, and (iii) the progress made on integrating and scaling up these motions for potential applications. We identify three types of rotaxane muscles, namely, "daisy chain", "press", and "cage" rotaxanes, and discuss their mechanical actuation driven by ions, pH, light, solvents, and redox stimuli. Different applications of these rotaxane-based molecular muscles are possible at various length scales. On a molecular level, they have been harnessed to create adjustable receptors and to control electronic communication between chemical species. On the mesoscale, they have been incorporated into artificial muscle materials that amplify their concerted motions and forces, making future applications at macroscopic length scales look feasible. We emphasize how rotaxanes constitute a remarkably versatile platform for directing force and motion, owing to the wide range of stimuli that can be used to actuate them and their diverse modes of mechanical switching as dictated by the stereochemistry of their mechanical bonds, that is, their mechanostereochemistry. We hope that this Account will serve as an exposition that sets the stage for new applications and materials that exploit the capabilities of rotaxanes to transduce mechanical energy and help in paving the path going forward to genuine AMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson J. Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
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174
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Hattori Y, Nishikawa M, Kusamoto T, Kume S, Nishihara H. Steric Interference on the Redox-conjugated Pyrimidine Ring Rotation of Mono- and Dinuclear Copper Complexes with (4-Methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)imine Ligands. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Michihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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175
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Niess F, Duplan V, Sauvage JP. Molecular Muscles: From Species in Solution to Materials and Devices. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Niess
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7006
| | - Vincent Duplan
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7006
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7006
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176
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Ma H, Wang F, Li W, Ma Y, Yao X, Lu D, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Lei Z. Supramolecular assemblies of azobenzene-β-cyclodextrin dimers and azobenzene modified polycaprolactones. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengchang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Dedai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
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177
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Fernando IR, Mo Y, Mezei G. Metal-binding studies of linear rigid-axle [2]pseudorotaxanes with in situ generated anionic metal halide complexes. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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178
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Cu(I)/Zn2+ exchange has no geometrical effect in a cyclic [4]rotaxane whereas it induces rearrangement in a simpler [3]rotaxane. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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179
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Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, García-España E, Delgado-Pinar E. Metals in supramolecular chemistry. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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180
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Niess F, Duplan V, Sauvage JP. Interconversion between a Vertically Oriented Transition Metal-Complexed Figure-of-Eight and a Horizontally Disposed One. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5876-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501765y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Niess
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Duplan
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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181
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Bruns CJ, Frasconi M, Iehl J, Hartlieb KJ, Schneebeli ST, Cheng C, Stupp SI, Stoddart JF. Redox Switchable Daisy Chain Rotaxanes Driven by Radical–Radical Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4714-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500675y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carson J. Bruns
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julien Iehl
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karel J. Hartlieb
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Severin T. Schneebeli
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department
of Chemistry ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering §Department of Medicine Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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182
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Hattori Y, Nishikawa M, Kusamoto T, Kume S, Nishihara H. Regulation of the Rate of Dinucleation of a Monocopper(I) Complex Containing Bipyrimidine Rotary Units by Restricted Double Pyrimidine Rotation. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2831-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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183
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Durot S, Heitz V, Sour A, Sauvage JP. Transition-Metal-Complexed Catenanes and Rotaxanes: From Dynamic Systems to Functional Molecular Machines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 354:35-70. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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184
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Beves JE, Blanco V, Blight BA, Carrillo R, D'Souza DM, Howgego D, Leigh DA, Slawin AMZ, Symes MD. Toward metal complexes that can directionally walk along tracks: controlled stepping of a molecular biped with a palladium(II) foot. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2094-100. [PMID: 24446768 DOI: 10.1021/ja4123973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on the design, synthesis, and operation of a bimetallic molecular biped on a three-foothold track. The "walker" features a palladium(II) complex "foot" that can be selectively stepped between 4-dimethylaminopyridine and pyridine ligand sites on the track via reversible protonation while the walker remains attached to the track throughout by means of a kinetically inert platinum(II) complex foot. The substitution pattern of the three ligand binding sites, together with the kinetic stability of the metal-ligand coordination bonds, affords the two positional isomers a high degree of metastability, meaning that altering the chemical state of the track does not automatically instigate stepping in the absence of an additional stimulus (heat in the presence of a coordinating solvent). The use of metastable metal complexes for foot-track interactions offers a promising alternative to dynamic covalent chemistry for the design of small-molecule synthetic molecular walkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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185
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Bruns CJ, Li J, Frasconi M, Schneebeli ST, Iehl J, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Stupp SI, Voth GA, Stoddart JF. An Electrochemically and Thermally Switchable Donor-Acceptor [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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186
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Bruns CJ, Li J, Frasconi M, Schneebeli ST, Iehl J, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Stupp SI, Voth GA, Stoddart JF. An Electrochemically and Thermally Switchable Donor-Acceptor [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1953-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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187
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Meng Z, Xiang JF, Chen CF. Tristable [n]rotaxanes: from molecular shuttle to molecular cable car. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53295j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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188
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van Dongen SFM, Cantekin S, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Functional interlocked systems. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:99-122. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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189
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Credi A, Silvi S, Venturi M. Light-Operated Machines Based on Threaded Molecular Structures. MOLECULAR MACHINES AND MOTORS 2014; 354:1-34. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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190
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Luo D, Zhang X, Shen Y, Xu J, Shu L, Zeng Q, Wang C. Two-dimensional supramolecular spring: coordination driven reversible extension and contraction of bridged half rings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9369-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02120g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tetraethylene glycol ether bridged derivative 9 has been designed and synthesized, and its two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled behavior has been investigated at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Luo
- Key laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongtao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijin Shu
- Key laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190, China
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191
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Zigon N, Kyritsakas N, Hosseini MW. Organometallic turnstiles: acid and base locking and unlocking. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:152-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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192
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Samanta SK, Rana A, Schmittel M. Reversible cargo shipping between orthogonal stations of a nanoscaffold upon redox input. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9438-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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193
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195
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Sahoo SC, Sinha SB, Kiran MSRN, Ramamurty U, Dericioglu AF, Reddy CM, Naumov P. Kinematic and Mechanical Profile of the Self-Actuation of Thermosalient Crystal Twins of 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene: A Molecular Crystalline Analogue of a Bimetallic Strip. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13843-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4056323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - M. S. R. N. Kiran
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Upadrasta Ramamurty
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arcan F. Dericioglu
- Department of Metallurgical
and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - C. Malla Reddy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box
129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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196
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Sawaki T, Ishizuka T, Kawano M, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Complete photochromic structural changes in ruthenium(II)-diimine complexes, based on control of the excited states by metalation. Chemistry 2013; 19:8978-90. [PMID: 23681489 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The thermal and photochemical reactions of a newly synthesized complex, [Ru(II)(TPA)(tpphz)](2+) (1; TPA=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, tpphz=tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h: 2''',3'''-j]phenazine), and its derivatives have been investigated. Heating a solution of complex 1 (closed form) and its derivatives in MeCN caused the partial dissociation of one pyridylmethyl moiety of the TPA ligand and the resulting vacant site on the Ru(II) center was occupied by a molecule of MeCN from the solvent to give a dissociated complex, [Ru(II)(η(3)-TPA)(tpphz)(MeCN)](2+) (1', open form), and its derivatives, respectively, in quantitative yields. The thermal dissociation reactions were investigated on the basis of kinetics analysis, which indicated that the reactions proceeded through a seven-coordinate transition state. Although the backwards reaction was induced by photoirradiation of the MLCT absorption bands, the photoreaction of complex 1' reached a photostationary state between complexes 1 and 1' and, hence, the recovery of complex 1 from complex 1' was 67%. Upon protonation of complex 1 at the vacant site of the tpphz ligand, the efficiency of the photoinduced recovery of complex 1+H(+) from complex 1'+H(+) improved to 83%. In contrast, dinuclear μ-tpphz complexes 2 and 3, which contained the Ru(II)(TPA)(tpphz) unit and either a Ru(II)(bpy)2 or Pd(II)Cl2 moiety on the other coordination edge of the tpphz ligand, exhibited 100% photoconversion from their open forms into their closed forms (2'→2 and 3'→3). These results are the first examples of the complete photochromic structural change of a transition-metal complex, as represented by complete interconversion between its open and closed forms. Scrutinization by performing optical and electrochemical measurements allowed us to propose a rationale for how metal coordination at the vacant site of the tpphz ligand improves the efficiency of photoconversion from the open form into the closed form. It is essential to lower the energy level of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state ((3)MLCT*) of the closed form relative to that of the triplet metal-centered excited state ((3)MC*) by metal coordination. This energy-level manipulation hinders the transition from the (3)MLCT* state into the (3)MC* state in the closed form to block the partial photodissociation of the TPA ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sawaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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197
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Synthesis and X-ray structural analysis of an acyclic bifunctional vicinal triketone, its hydrate, and its ethanol-adduct. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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198
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Clavel C, Romuald C, Brabet E, Coutrot F. A pH-sensitive lasso-based rotaxane molecular switch. Chemistry 2013; 19:2982-9. [PMID: 23345249 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a pH-sensitive two-station [1]rotaxane molecular switch by self-entanglement of a non-interlocked hermaphrodite molecule, containing an anilinium and triazole moieties, is reported. The anilinium was chosen as the best template for the macrocycle benzometaphenylene[25]crown-8 (BMP25C8) and allowed the self-entanglement of the molecule. The equilibrium between the hermaphrodite molecule and the pseudo[1]rotaxane was studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy: the best conditions of self-entanglement were found in the less polar solvent CD(2)Cl(2) and at high dilution. The triazole moiety was then benzylated to afford a benzyltriazolium moiety, which then played a dual role. On one hand, it acts as a bulky gate to trap the BMP25C8, thus to avoid any self-disentanglement of the molecular architecture. On another hand, it acts as a second molecular station for the macrocycle. At acidic pH, the BMP25C8 resides around the best anilinium molecular station, displaying the lasso [1]rotaxane in a loosened conformation. The deprotonation of the anilinium molecular station triggers the shuttling of the BMP25C8 around the triazolium moiety, therefore tightening the lasso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron-UMR CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier 2 et 1, place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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199
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Bruns CJ, Stoddart JF. Supramolecular polymers: Molecular machines muscle up. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:9-10. [PMID: 23263723 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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200
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Zhou W, Guo YJ, Qu DH. Photodriven Clamlike Motion in a [3]Rotaxane with Two [2]Rotaxane Arms Bridged by an Overcrowded Alkene Switch. J Org Chem 2012; 78:590-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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