1
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Dey S, Aggarwal M, Chakraborty D, Mukherjee PS. Uncovering tetrazoles as building blocks for constructing discrete and polymeric assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38738480 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic self-assembly with flexible moieties is a budding field of research due to the possibility of the formation of unique architectures. Tetrazole, characterised by four nitrogen atoms in a five-member ring, exhibits immense potential as a component. Tetrazole offers four coordination sites for binding to the metal centre with nine distinct binding modes, leading to various assemblies. This review highlights different polymeric and discrete tetrazole-based assemblies and their functions. The meticulous manipulation of stoichiometry, ligands, and metal ions required for constructing discrete assemblies has also been discussed. The different applications of these architectures in separation, catalysis and detection have also been accentuated. The latter section of the review consolidates tetrazole-based cage composites, highlighting their applications in cell imaging and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Dey
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Medha Aggarwal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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2
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Liao S, Tang J, Ma C, Yu L, Tan Y, Li X, Gan Q. Foldaxane-Based Switchable [c2]Daisy Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315668. [PMID: 38346927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Artificial molecular muscles are highly attractive in the field of molecular machinery due to their unique properties of contraction and stretching motion. However, the synthesis of molecular muscles poses formidable challenges as it is hindered by undesirable yields and poor selectivity. Herein, we present a procedure for the dynamic assembly of foldaxane-based [c2]daisy chains, wherein the hermaphroditic sequences consisting of aromatic helices and peptide rods are interlocked through inter-strand hydrogen-bonding interactions. The binding complementarity facilitates a selective and efficient assembly of [c2]daisy chain structures, inhibiting the creation of by-products. Introducing multiple recognition sites confers the system with contraction and stretching motion actuated by chemical stimuli. The rate of this muscle-like motion is calculated to be 0.8 s-1, which is 107 times faster than that of complex dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmiao Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanzhu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
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3
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Yao Y, Tse YC, Lai SKM, Shi Y, Low KH, Au-Yeung HY. Dynamic mechanostereochemical switching of a co-conformationally flexible [2]catenane controlled by specific ionic guests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1952. [PMID: 38433258 PMCID: PMC10909852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Responsive synthetic receptors for adaptive recognition of different ionic guests in a competitive environment are valuable molecular tools for not only ion sensing and transport, but also the development of ion-responsive smart materials and related technologies. By virtue of the mechanical chelation and ability to undergo large-amplitude co-conformational changes, described herein is the discovery of a chameleon-like [2]catenane that selectively binds copper(I) or sulfate ions and its associated co-conformational mechanostereochemical switching. This work highlights not only the advantages and versatility of catenane as a molecular skeleton in receptor design, but also its potential in constructing complex responsive systems with multiple inputs and outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yixiang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Zhou SW, Zhou D, Gu R, Ma CS, Yu C, Qu DH. Mechanically interlocked [c2]daisy chain backbone enabling advanced shape-memory polymeric materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1690. [PMID: 38402228 PMCID: PMC10894290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of mechanically interlocked structures into polymer backbones has been shown to confer remarkable functionalities to materials. In this work, a [c2]daisy chain unit based on dibenzo-24-crown-8 is covalently embedded into the backbone of a polymer network, resulting in a synthetic material possessing remarkable shape-memory properties under thermal control. By decoupling the molecular structure into three control groups, we demonstrate the essential role of the [c2]daisy chain crosslinks in driving the shape memory function. The mechanically interlocked topology is found to be an essential element for the increase of glass transition temperature and consequent gain of shape memory function. The supramolecular host-guest interactions within the [c2]daisy chain topology not only ensure robust mechanical strength and good network stability of the polymer, but also impart the shape memory polymer with remarkable shape recovery properties and fatigue resistance ability. The incorporation of the [c2]daisy chain unit as a building block has the potential to lay the groundwork for the development of a wide range of shape-memory polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Gu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Shun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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5
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Nandi M, Bej S, Jana T, Ghosh P. From construction to application of a new generation of interlocked molecules composed of heteroditopic wheels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38015500 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research on mechanically interlocked molecules has significantly evolved owing to their unique structural features and interesting properties. A substantial percentage of the reported works have focused on the synthetic strategies, leading to the preparation of functional MIMs for their applications in the chemical, materials, and biomedical sciences. Importantly, various macrocyclic wheels with specific heteroditopicity (including phenanthroline, amide, amine, oxy-ether, isophthalamide, calixarene and triazole) and threading axles (bipyridine, phenanthroline, pyridinium, triazolium, etc.) have been designed to synthesize targeted multifunctional mononuclear/multinuclear pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes and catenanes. The structural uniqueness of these interlocked systems is advantageous owing to the presence of mechanical bonds with specific three-dimensional cavities. Furthermore, their multi-functionalities and preorganised structural entities exhibit a high potential for versatile applications, like switching, shuttling, dynamic properties, recognition and sensing. In this feature article, we describe some of the most recent advances in the construction and chemical behaviour of a new generation of interlocked molecules, primarily focusing on heteroditopic wheels and their applications in different directions of the modern research area. Furthermore, we outline the future prospects and significant perspectives of the new generation heteroditopic wheel based interlocked molecules in different emerging areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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6
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Abstract
Daisy chain architectures, made by the self-complementary threading of an axle covalently linked to a macrocycle, represent a particularly intriguing family of supramolecular and mechanically interlocked (macro)molecules. In this review, we discuss their recent history, their modular chemical structures, and the various synthetic strategies to access them. We also detail how their internal sliding motions can be controlled and how their integration within polymers can amplify that motions up to the macroscopic scale. This overview of the literature demonstrates that the peculiar structure and dynamics of daisy chains have already strongly influenced the research on artificial molecular machines, with the potential to be implemented from nanometric switchable devices to mechanically active soft-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christian C Carmona-Vargas
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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7
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Gauthier M, Fournel-Marotte K, Clavel C, Waelès P, Laurent P, Coutrot F. An Interlocked Figure-of-Eight Molecular Shuttle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310643. [PMID: 37594476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Here is reported the synthesis and characterization of an interlocked figure-of-eight rotaxane molecular shuttle from a dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) derivative. This latter bears two molecular chains, whose extremities are able to react together by click chemistry. One of the two substituting chain holds an ammonium function aimed at driving the self-entanglement through the complexation of the DB24C8 moiety. In the targeted figure-of-eight rotaxane, shuttling of the DB24C8 along the threaded axle from the best ammonium station to the weaker binding site triazolium was performed through deprotonation or deprotonation-then-carbamoylation of the ammonium. This way, two discrete co-conformational states were obtained, in which the folding and size of the two loops could be changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Fournel-Marotte
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Laurent
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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8
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Shi JT, Chen XH, Peng YY, Wang GP, Du GY, Li Q. Tunable Fluorescence and Morphology of Aggregates Built from a Mechanically Bonded Amphiphilic Bistable [2]Rotaxane. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302132. [PMID: 37526053 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed Mechanically bonded amphiphiles (MBAs), also known as mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), have emerged as an important kind of functional building block for the construction of artificial molecular machines and soft materials. Herein, a novel MBA, i. e., bistable [2]rotaxane H2 was designed and synthesized. In the solution state, H2 demonstrated pH and metal ion-responsive emissions due to the presence of a distance-dependent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process, respectively. Importantly, the amphiphilic feature of H2 has endowed it with unique self-assembly capability, and nanospheres were obtained in a mixed H2 O/CH3 CN solvent. Moreover, the morphology of H2 aggregates can be tuned from nanospheres to vesicles due to the pH-controlled shuttling motion-induced alternation of H2 amphiphilicity. Interestingly, larger spheres with novel pearl-chain-like structures from H2 were observed after adding stoichiometric Zn2+ . In particular, H2 shows pH-responsive emissions in its aggregation state, allowing the visualization of the shuttling movement by just naked eyes. It is assumed that the well-designed [2]rotaxane, and particularly the proposed concept of MBA shown here, will further enrich the families of MIMs, offering prospects for synthesizing more MIMs with novel assembly capabilities and bottom-up building dynamic smart materials with unprecedented functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Hui Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Quan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for, Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed, by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for, the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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9
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Chau AKH, Leung FKC. Exploration of molecular machines in supramolecular soft robotic systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102892. [PMID: 37084547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotic system, a new era of material science, is rapidly developing with advanced processing technology in soft matters, featured with biomimetic nature. An important bottom-up approach is through the implementation of molecular machines into polymeric materials, however, the synchronized molecular motions, acumination of strain across multiple length-scales, and amplification into macroscopic actuations remained highly challenging. This review presents the significances, key design strategies, and outlook of the hierarchical supramolecular systems of molecular machines to develop novel types of supramolecular-based soft robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kwok-Hei Chau
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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10
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Bouwens T, Bakker TMA, Zhu K, Hasenack J, Dieperink M, Brouwer AM, Huijser A, Mathew S, Reek JNH. Using supramolecular machinery to engineer directional charge propagation in photoelectrochemical devices. Nat Chem 2023; 15:213-21. [PMID: 36302868 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular photoelectrochemical devices are hampered by electron-hole recombination after photoinduced electron transfer, causing losses in power conversion efficiency. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, we demonstrate the use of supramolecular machinery as a strategy to inhibit recombination through an organization of molecular components that enables unbinding of the final electron acceptor upon reduction. We show that preorganization of a macrocyclic electron acceptor to a dye yields a pseudorotaxane that undergoes a fast (completed within ~50 ps) 'ring-launching' event upon electron transfer from the dye to the macrocycle, releasing the anionic macrocycle and thus reducing charge recombination. Implementing this system into p-type dye-sensitized solar cells yielded a 16-fold and 5-fold increase in power conversion efficiency compared to devices based on the two control dyes that are unable to facilitate pseudorotaxane formation. The active repulsion of the anionic macrocycle with concomitant reformation of a neutral pseudorotaxane complex circumvents recombination at both the semiconductor-electrolyte and semiconductor-dye interfaces, enabling a threefold enhancement in hole lifetime.
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11
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Zhang Z, You W, Li P, Zhao J, Guo Z, Xu T, Chen J, Yu W, Yan X. Insights into the Correlation of Microscopic Motions of [ c2]Daisy Chains with Macroscopic Mechanical Performance for Mechanically Interlocked Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:567-578. [PMID: 36562646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking filament sliding in sarcomeres using artificial molecular muscles such as [c2]daisy chains has aroused increasing interest in developing advanced polymeric materials. Although few bistable [c2]daisy chain-based mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) with stimuli-responsive behaviors have been constructed, it remains a significant challenge to establish the relationship between microscopic responsiveness of [c2]daisy chains and macroscopic mechanical properties of the corresponding MIPs. Herein, we report two mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) consisting of dense [c2]daisy chains with individual extension (MIN-1) or contraction (MIN-2) conformations decoupled from a bistable precursor, which serve as model systems to address the challenge. Upon external force, the extended [c2]daisy chains in MIN-1 mainly undergo elastic deformation, which is able to assure the strength, elasticity, and creep resistance of the corresponding material. For the contracted [c2]daisy chains, long-range sliding motion occurs along with the release of latent alkyl chains between the two DB24C8 wheels, and accumulating lots of such microscopic motions endows MIN-2 with enhanced ductility and ability of energy dissipation. Therefore, by decoupling a bistable [c2]daisy chain into individual extended and contracted ones, we directly correlate the microscopic motion of [c2]daisy chains with macroscopic mechanical properties of MINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Peitong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhewen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Tingjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Jieqi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
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12
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Liu E, Cherraben S, Boulo L, Troufflard C, Hasenknopf B, Vives G, Sollogoub M. A molecular information ratchet using a cone-shaped macrocycle. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Nicolas-Garcia T, Pastor A, Quiñonero D, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Control of the assembly of a cyclic hetero[4]pseudorotaxane from a self-complementary [2]rotaxane. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4143-4151. [PMID: 37063802 PMCID: PMC10094293 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-association of a ditopic [2]rotaxane with two macrocycles mainly leads to a [4]pseudorotaxane which can be reversibly disassembled by adding competitive binders, varying the solvent polarity and changing a binding site affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Tomas Nicolas-Garcia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - David Quiñonero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares) Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
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14
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Abstract
Nanosized butterfly-coil foldamers containing alternating phenazine-1,6-dicarboxamide and 2,5-dialkoxyterephthalamide moieties have been demonstrated to undergo extension-contraction in response to changing their oxidation state. Both the chemical (catalytic hydrogenation/aerial oxidation) and electrochemical versions of this process have been shown to be clean and fully reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yin
- Washington University Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Vladimir B Birman
- Washington University Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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15
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Sugawara T, Matsuo M, Suzuki K. Construction of Artificial Cell as an Autonomous Supramolecular Machine. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University
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16
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Yang X, Cheng L, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Bai R, Guo Z, Yu W, Yan X. Amplification of integrated microscopic motions of high-density [2]rotaxanes in mechanically interlocked networks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6654. [PMID: 36333320 PMCID: PMC9636211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating individual microscopic motion to perform tasks in macroscopic sale is common in living organisms. However, developing artificial materials in which molecular-level motions could be amplified to behave macroscopically is still challenging. Herein, we present a class of mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) carrying densely rotaxanated backbones as a model system to understand macroscopic mechanical properties stemmed from the integration and amplification of intramolecular motion of the embedded [2]rotaxane motifs. On the one hand, the motion of mechanical bonds introduces the original dangling chains into the network, and the synergy of numerous such microscopic motions leads to an expansion of entire network, imparting good stretchability and puncture resistance to the MINs. On the other hand, the dissociation of host-guest recognition and subsequent sliding motion represent a peculiar energy dissipation pathway, whose integration and amplification result in the bulk materials with favorable toughness and damping capacity. Thereinto, we develop a continuous stress-relaxation method to elucidate the microscopic motion of [2]rotaxane units, which contributes to the understanding of the relationship between cumulative microscopic motions and amplified macroscopic mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhewen Guo
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
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17
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Abstract
Molecular machines are at the frontier of biology and chemistry. The ability to control molecular motion and emulating the movement of biological systems are major steps towards the development of responsive and adaptive materials. Amazing progress has been seen for the design of molecular machines including light-induced unidirectional rotation of overcrowded alkenes. However, the feasibility of inducing unidirectional rotation about a single bond as a result of chemical conversion has been a challenging task. In this Review, an overview of approaches towards the design, synthesis, and dynamic properties of different classes of atropisomers which can undergo controlled switching or rotation under the influence of a chemical stimulus is presented. They are categorized as molecular switches, rotors, motors, and autonomous motors according to their type of response. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective and challenges focusing on building sophisticated molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University6-3 Aramaki-Aza-AobaAobaku, Sendai980-8578Japan
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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18
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Mo K, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Yang Y, Ma X, Feringa BL, Zhao D. Intrinsically unidirectional chemically fuelled rotary molecular motors. Nature 2022; 609:293-298. [PMID: 35793710 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems mainly utilize chemical energy to fuel autonomous molecular motors, enabling the system to be driven out of equilibrium1. Taking inspiration from rotary motors such as the bacterial flagellar motor2 and adenosine triphosphate synthase3, and building on the success of light-powered unidirectional rotary molecular motors4-6, scientists have pursued the design of synthetic molecular motors solely driven by chemical energy7-13. However, designing artificial rotary molecular motors operating autonomously using a chemical fuel and simultaneously featuring the intrinsic structural design elements to allow full 360° unidirectional rotary motion like adenosine triphosphate synthase remains challenging. Here we show that a homochiral biaryl Motor-3, with three distinct stereochemical elements, is a rotary motor that undergoes repetitive and unidirectional 360° rotation of the two aryl groups around a single-bond axle driven by a chemical fuel. It undergoes sequential ester cyclization, helix inversion and ring opening, and up to 99% unidirectionality is realized over the autonomous rotary cycle. The molecular rotary motor can be operated in two modes: synchronized motion with pulses of a chemical fuel and acid-base oscillations; and autonomous motion in the presence of a chemical fuel under slightly basic aqueous conditions. This rotary motor design with intrinsic control over the direction of rotation, simple chemical fuelling for autonomous motion and near-perfect unidirectionality illustrates the potential for future generations of multicomponent machines to perform mechanical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chmistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Romain Costil
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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20
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21
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Yao Y, Deng Y, Kong L, Au-Yeung HY. Efficient Copper(I) Extraction by Ethylenediamine from Stable Catenane Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulin Deng
- University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry BuildingPokfulam Road NA Hong Kong HONG KONG
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22
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Abstract
A unidirectional light-driven rotary motor was looped in a figure-of-eight molecule by linking two polymer chains between its stator and rotor parts. By properly tuning the size of these linkers, clockwise rotation of the motor under UV light was shown to create conformationally strained twists between the polymer chains, and in this tensed conformation, the energy stored in the molecular object was sufficient to trigger the reverse rotation of the motor back to its fully relaxed state. The functioning principle of this motorized molecular device appears very similar to that of macroscopic whirligig crafts used by children for fun. In addition, we found that in its out-of-equilibrium tensed state, the fluorescence emission of the molecular motor increased by 500% due to the mechanical constraints imposed by the polymer chains on its conjugated core. Finally, by calculating the apparent thermal energies of activation for the backward rotations at different levels of twisting, we quantitatively determined a lower estimate of the work generated by this rotary motor, from which a torque and a force were extracted, thus answering a long-term open question in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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23
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Pearce N, Tarnowska M, Andersen NJ, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. Mechanically interlocked molecular handcuffs. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3915-3941. [PMID: 35440998 PMCID: PMC8985514 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component are reviewed. The variety of rotaxane and catenane structures that use the handcuff motif to interlock different components are discussed and a new nomenclature, distilling diverse terminologies to a single approach, is proposed. By unifying the interpretation of this class of molecules we identify new opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures. Mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component provide a pathway to highly unusual structures, a new nomenclature is proposed which helps to identify opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Marysia Tarnowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nathan J Andersen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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24
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Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes contain free-moving components that cannot dissociate and have enabled the investigation and control of various translational and rotational molecular motions. The architecture of pseudo-rotaxanes and of some kinetically labile rotaxanes is comparable to that of rotaxanes but their components are reversibly associated and not irreversibly interlocked. In other words, pseudo-rotaxanes may fall apart. This Account focuses on a peculiar family of rotaxane-like architectures termed foldaxanes.Foldaxanes consist of a helically folded oligomer wound around a rod-like dumbbell-shaped guest. Winding of the helix around the rod thus entails an unwinding-rewinding process that creates a kinetic barrier. It follows that foldaxanes, albeit reversibly assembled, have significant lifetimes and may not fall apart while defined molecular motions are triggered. Foldaxanes based on helically folded aromatic oligoamide hosts and oligo(alkyl carbamate) guests can be designed rationally through the inclusion of complementary binding motifs on the rod and at the inner rim of the helix so that helix length and rod length match. Single helical foldaxanes (bimolecular species) and double helical foldaxanes (trimolecular species) have thus been produced as well as poly[n]foldaxanes, in which several helices bind to long rods with multiple binding stations. When the binding stations differ and are organized in a certain sequence, a complementary sequence of different stacked helices, each matching with their binding station, can be assembled, thus reproducing in an artificial system a sort of translation process.Foldaxane helix handedness may be controlled by stereogenic centers on the rod-like guest. Handedness can also be transmitted from helix to helix in polyfoldaxanes. Foldaxane formation has drastic consequences for the rod properties, including its stiffening and the restriction of the mobility of a macrocycle already interlocked on the rod. Fast translation (without dissociation) of helices along rod-like guests has been demonstrated. Because of the helical nature of the hosts, translation may be accompanied by rotation in various sorts of screw-like motions. The possibility, on longer time scales, for the helix to dissociate from and reassociate to the rod has allowed for the design of complex, kinetically controlled supramolecular pathways of a helix on a rod. Furthermore, the design of helices with a directionality, that is, with two distinct termini, that bind to nonsymmetrical rod-like guests in a defined orientation makes it possible to also control the orientation of molecular motion. Altogether, foldaxanes constitute a distinct and full-of-potential family of rotaxane-like architectures that possess designer structures and allow orchestration of the time scales of various supramolecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Koehler
- CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Arundhati Roy
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
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25
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Saha S, Kundu S, Biswas PK, Bolte M, Schmittel M. Dynamics of the alkyne → copper( i) interaction and its use in a heteroleptic four-component catalytic rotor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13019-13022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of alkyne → copper(i) interactions has been determined and used to self-assemble a fast nanorotor, which underwent a self-catalyzed click transformation to a triazole rotor, an interesting process for the production of biohybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
| | - Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue Strasse 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany
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26
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Andreoni L, Baroncini M, Groppi J, Silvi S, Taticchi C, Credi A. Photochemical Energy Conversion with Artificial Molecular Machines. Energy Fuels 2021; 35:18900-18914. [PMID: 34887620 PMCID: PMC8647081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of sunlight as a clean, renewable, and distributed energy source is key to facing the energetic demand of modern society in a sustainable and affordable fashion. In the past few decades, chemists have learned to make molecular machines, that is, synthetic chemical systems in which energy inputs cause controlled movements of molecular components that could be used to perform a task. A variety of artificial molecular machines operated by light have been constructed by implementing photochemical processes within appropriately designed (supra)molecular assemblies. These studies could open up new routes for the realization of nanostructured devices and materials capable to harness, convert, and store light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Andreoni
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Taticchi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Sano K, Wang X, Sun Z, Aya S, Araoka F, Ebina Y, Sasaki T, Ishida Y, Aida T. Propagating wave in a fluid by coherent motion of 2D colloids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6771. [PMID: 34799572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Just like in living organisms, if precise coherent operation of tiny movable components is possible, one may generate a macroscopic mechanical motion. Here we report that ~1010 pieces of colloidally dispersed nanosheets in aqueous media can be made to operate coherently to generate a propagating macroscopic wave under a non-equilibrium state. The nanosheets are initially forced to adopt a monodomain cofacial geometry with a large and uniform plane-to-plane distance of ~420 nm, where they are strongly correlated by competitive electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals attraction. When the electrostatic repulsion is progressively attenuated by the addition of ionic species, the nanosheets sequentially undergo coherent motions, generating a propagating wave. This elaborate wave in time and space can transport microparticles over a long distance in uniform direction and velocity. The present discovery may provide a general principle for the design of macroscopically movable devices from huge numbers of tiny components. Tiny movable components could generate macroscopic mechanical motion if precise coherent operation can be exerted simultaneously. Here, the authors demonstrate this by using 10^10 pieces of colloidally dispersed nanosheets to generate wave under non-equilibrium state.
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28
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Abstract
Although not often encountered, cyclic interlocked molecules are appealing molecular targets because of their restrained tridimensional structure which is related to both the cyclic and interlocked shapes. Interlocked molecules such as rotaxane building blocks may be good candidates for post-synthetic intramolecular cyclization if the preservation of the mechanical bond ensures the interlocked architecture throughout the reaction. This is obviously the case if the modification does not involve the cleavage of either the macrocycle's main chain or the encircled part of the axle. However, among the post-synthetic reactions, the chemical linkage between two reactive sites belonging to embedded elements of rotaxanes still consists of an underexploited route to interlocked cyclic molecules. This Review lists the rare examples of macrocyclization through chemical connection between reactive sites belonging to a surrounding macrocycle and/or an encircled axle of interlocked rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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29
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Abstract
Molecular photoactuators can control shape and chemical or physical properties of the responsive system they are embedded in. These effects are usually mediated by supramolecular interactions and can be amplified to perform work at the micro- and macroscopic scale, for instance, in materials and biomimetic systems. While many studies focus on the observable outcome of these events, photoresponsive structures can also translate their conformational change to molecular components and perform work against random Brownian motion. Stereochemical cascades can amplify light-generated motion to a distant moiety of the same molecule or molecular assembly, via conformationally restricted stereogenic elements. Being able to control the conformation or motion of molecular systems remotely provides prospects for the design of the smallest machines imaginable. This Focus Review emphasizes the emergence of directed, coupled motion of remote functionalities triggered by light-powered switches and motors as a tool to control molecular topology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
During recent decades, the blossoming of the field of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), i.e., molecules containing mechanical or topological bonds such as rotaxanes, catenanes, and knots, has been reported in the literature. Taking advantage of the rapid development of diverse synthetic strategies, the precise control of both the architectures and topologies of MIMs has become realizable, which thus enables the construction of MIMs with specially desired functions. By mimicking biomolecular machines, a variety of MIM-based artificial molecular machines such as molecular shuttles, molecular muscles, molecular motors, and molecular assemblers have been constructed and operated by relying on the unique interlocked structures and controllable intramolecular movements. Two pioneers in this field, J. Fraser Stoddart and Jean-Pierre Sauvage, were awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, thereby marking a golden age of MIMs. Along with the burgeoning of MIMs, the engineering of mechanical bonds into macromolecular scaffolds such as polymers or dendrimers has become an attractive topic since the targeted novel mechanically bonded macromolecules would feature interesting processable and mechanical properties, making them excellent candidates for practical applications such as device fabrication or smart materials. In particular, rotaxane dendrimers, attributed to the combination of the advantageous features of both rotaxanes (controllable dynamic motions) and dendrimers (nanoscale highly branched architectures), have evolved as versatile platforms for extensive applications such as gene delivery, light harvesting, and molecular nanoreactors. However, compared with the widely investigated polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes, in-depth investigations on rotaxane dendrimers have rarely been explored mainly because of the synthetic challenge that makes the preparation of diverse rotaxane dendrimers, especially high-generation ones, extremely difficult. During recent years, through the rational design and synthesis of organometallic rotaxane units as key building blocks, the employment of a controllable divergent approach led to the successful synthesis of a variety of rotaxane dendrimers with precise arrangements of rotaxane units as well as stimuli-responsive sites and functional groups. More importantly, on the basis of the synthetic accessibility to diverse rotaxane dendrimers, rotaxane dendrimers have been proven to hold great promise for extensive applications in diverse fields such as light harvesting, photocatalysis, and soft actuators. In this Account, we summarize our expedition in rotaxane dendrimers, including addressing the synthetic challenges, investigating their stimuli-responsive properties, expanding their potential applications, and inventing higher-order daisy chain dendrimers. We believe that this Account will inspire scientists from various disciplines to explore these appealing and versatile higher-order mechanically bonded macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Nishino T, Martin CJ, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G. Nanocars based on Polyaromatic or Porphyrinic Chassis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Colin J. Martin
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
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32
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Sacristán-Martín A, Barbero H, Ferrero S, Miguel D, García-Rodríguez R, Álvarez CM. ON/OFF metal-triggered molecular tweezers for fullerene recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11013-11016. [PMID: 34570131 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03451k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report molecular tweezers for fullerene recognition based on 2,2'-bipyridine-bearing corannulene motifs. The syn or anti confirmation can be selected simply by Cu(I) coordination/decoordination, thus controlling the fullerene recognition capability of the system on demand and leading to the formation of effective metal-triggered ON/OFF molecular tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sacristán-Martín
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Raúl García-Rodríguez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Celedonio M Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
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33
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34
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Hu X, Zhao X, Loh IY, Yan J, Wang Z. Single-molecule mechanical study of an autonomous artificial translational molecular motor beyond bridge-burning design. Nanoscale 2021; 13:13195-13207. [PMID: 34477726 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key capability of molecular motors is sustainable force generation by a single motor copy. Direct force characterization at the single-motor level is still missing for artificial molecular motors, though long reported for their biological counterparts. Here we report single-molecule detection of sustained force-generating motility for an artificial track-walking molecular motor capable of autonomous chemically fueled operation. A single motor plus its track (both made of deoxyribonucleic acids or DNA) is assembled, operated and detected under magnetic tweezers by a method designed to overcome difficulty from the motor's soft double-stranded track. The motor shows self-directed walking by ∼16 nm steps up to a distance of 120 nm (covering the entire track), yielding a stall force of ∼2-3 pN. These results imply a reasonably efficient chemomechanical conversion of the motor compared to a high-efficiency biomotor. The stall force is near the level of translational biomotors powering human muscles and allows similar force-demanding applications by their artificial counterparts. This single-motor study reveals fast subsecond steps, suggesting big room for improvement in the speed of DNA motors in general. Besides, the established single-molecule method is applicable to force measurements of many other DNA motors with soft tracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Hu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
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35
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Amirjalayer S. Understanding the Molecular Origin of the Collective Movement in a Diarylethene-based Photo-Responsive Actuator. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1658-1661. [PMID: 34213042 PMCID: PMC8456835 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Remotely controlling macroscopic movement is one of the key elements to realize intelligent materials for applications ranging from sensing to robotics. Over the last few years, a number of photomechanical materials based on diarylethene derivatives have been developed. However, a detailed picture of the structural evolution within these soft actuators is often missing. In this work, an atomistic investigation uncovers how the photo-induced molecular dynamics propagates to large-scale motion and results in macroscopic deformation of the crystal. By correlating the intramolecular rearrangement within the photo-responsive switching unit with the intermolecular packing, the molecular mechanism for the photomechanical phenomena is deciphered, which is fundamental for a rational development of photo-responsive actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterPhysikalisches InstituteCenter for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC)Heisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
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36
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Yu Z, Centola M, Valero J, Matthies M, Šulc P, Famulok M. A Self-Regulating DNA Rotaxane Linear Actuator Driven by Chemical Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13292-13298. [PMID: 34398597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nature-inspired molecular machines can exert mechanical forces by controlling and varying the distance between two molecular subunits in response to different inputs. Here, we present an automated molecular linear actuator composed of T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) and a DNA [2]rotaxane. A T7 promoter region and terminator sequences are introduced into the rotaxane axle to achieve automated and iterative binding and detachment of T7RNAP in a self-controlled fashion. Transcription by T7RNAP is exploited to control the release of the macrocycle from a single-stranded (ss) region in the T7 promoter to switch back and forth from a static state (hybridized macrocycle) to a dynamic state (movable macrocycle). During transcription, the T7RNAP keeps restricting the movement range on the axle available for the interlocked macrocycle and prevents its return to the promotor region. Since this range is continuously depleted as T7RNAP moves along, a directional and active movement of the macrocycle occurs. When it reaches the transcription terminator, the polymerase detaches, and the system can reset as the macrocycle moves back to hybridize again to the ss-promoter docking site. The hybridization is required for the initiation of a new transcription cycle. The rotaxane actuator runs autonomously and repeats these self-controlled cycles of transcription and movement as long as NTP-fuel is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yu
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mathias Centola
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julián Valero
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center - INANO-MBG, iNANO-huset, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, building 1592, 328, 8000 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Matthies
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Petr Šulc
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Michael Famulok
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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38
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Prakashni M, Shukla R, Dasgupta S. Rapid and High-Yield Synthesis of [23]Crown Ether: Applied as a Wheel Component in the Formation of Pseudo[2]rotaxane and Synthesis of [2]Catenane with a Dibenzylammonium Dumbbell. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7825-7831. [PMID: 34019406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile, rapid, and high yield synthesis of [23]crown ether (X23C7) has been developed from commercially available starting materials, in one step with good to excellent yield. The reaction is completed in 6 h under room temperature conditions, with the highest yield being 81%. The X23C7 macrocycle formed pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+) dumbbell, exhibiting strong association (Ka = 2.61 × 103 M-1). Consequently, a [2]catenane was synthesized from a DBA+-based diolefin terminated salt and X23C7 in 81% yield, using a threading-followed-ring-closing-metathesis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
| | - Rasendra Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
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39
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Abstract
The design of molecular architectures exhibiting functional motions is a promising area for disruptive technological development. Toward this goal, rotaxanes and catenanes, which undergo relative motions of their subunits in response to external stimuli, are prime candidates. Here, we report on the computational analysis of the contraction/extension of a bistable [c2]daisy chain rotaxane. Using free-energy calculations and transition path optimizations, we explore the free-energy landscape governing the functional motions of a prototypical molecular machine with atomic resolution. The calculations reveal a sequential mechanism in which the asynchronous gliding of each ring is preferred over the concerted movement. Analysis of the underlying free-energy surface indicates that the formation of partially rearranged intermediates entails crossing of much smaller barriers. Our findings illustrate an important design principle for molecular machines, namely that efficient exploitation of thermal fluctuations may be realized by breaking down the large-scale functional motions into smaller steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian E Blanc
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Fonctions Moléculaires, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Fonctions Moléculaires, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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40
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Lin TC, Liu ZY, Liu SH, Koshevoy IO, Chou PT. Counterion Migration Driven by Light-Induced Intramolecular Charge Transfer. JACS Au 2021; 1:282-293. [PMID: 34467293 PMCID: PMC8395631 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of D-π-A + pyridinium compounds, in which D = -NPh2 and A+ = -PyMe+ are linked by various amounts of linear phenyl spacers, were strategically designed and synthesized. Their characterization revealed the presence of excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ESICT) that triggers a corresponding response from the counterion. In medium and strong polar solvents, the fast solvent relaxation occurring after ESICT overwhelms the counterion effect, showing typical emission solvatochromism. In weakly polar solvents, ESICT induces counteranion migration for electrostatic stabilization, the time scale of which is dependent on the radius of the counteranion, the length of the π-linker, and the viscosity of the solvent. In low-viscosity organic solvents such as toluene, counteranion migration occurs within several tens to hundreds of picoseconds, resulting in a time-dependent continuous emission that can be resolved from the spectral temporal evolution. Concrete evidence for this is provided by the chemical synthesis of a D-π-A + pyridinium-sulfur trioxide- zwitterion, where anion migration is restricted due to its internally locked ion pair. As a result, only a single emission band can be observed. These comprehensive studies prove that the ion migration process may be significant for a wide range of ESICT-type ionic fluorophores. Such an ionic movement, triggered by optically pumped ESICT of the D-π-A + dyad, is similar to the molecular machine driven by the redox reaction, but with a facile access and fast response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chun Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Zong-Ying Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
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41
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Hou J, Mondal A, Long G, de Haan L, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Chen J, Feringa BL. Photo-responsive Helical Motion by Light-Driven Molecular Motors in a Liquid-Crystal Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8251-8257. [PMID: 33511680 PMCID: PMC8048625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Controlling sophisticated motion by molecular motors is a major goal on the road to future actuators and soft robotics. Taking inspiration from biological motility and mechanical functions common to artificial machines, responsive small molecules have been used to achieve macroscopic effects, however, translating molecular movement along length scales to precisely defined linear, twisting and rotary motions remain particularly challenging. Here, we present the design, synthesis and functioning of liquid‐crystal network (LCN) materials with intrinsic rotary motors that allow the conversion of light energy into reversible helical motion. In this responsive system the photochemical‐driven molecular motor has a dual function operating both as chiral dopant and unidirectional rotor amplifying molecular motion into a controlled and reversible left‐ or right‐handed macroscopic twisting movement. By exploiting the dynamic chirality, directionality of motion and shape change of a single motor embedded in an LC‐network, complex mechanical motions including bending, walking and helical motion, in soft polymer materials are achieved which offers fascinating opportunities toward inherently photo‐responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Laurens de Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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42
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Hou J, Mondal A, Long G, Haan L, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Chen J, Feringa BL. Photo‐responsive Helical Motion by Light‐Driven Molecular Motors in a Liquid‐Crystal Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Laurens Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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Asato R, Martin CJ, Abid S, Gisbert Y, Asanoma F, Nakashima T, Kammerer C, Kawai T, Rapenne G. Molecular Rotor Functionalized with a Photoresponsive Brake. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3492-3501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Asato
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Colin J. Martin
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Fumio Asanoma
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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Tsuda S, Komai Y, Fujiwara SI, Nishiyama Y. Cyclodextrin-Based [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane Insulating Two Diarylacetylene Cores. Chemistry 2021; 27:1966-1969. [PMID: 33089897 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A [c2]daisy chain rotaxane with two diarylacetylene cores was efficiently synthesized in 53 % yield by capping a C2 -symmetric pseudo[2]rotaxane composed of two diarylacetylene-substituted permethylated α-cyclodextrins (PM α-CDs) with aniline stoppers. The maximum absorption wavelength of the [c2]daisy chain rotaxane remained almost unchanged in various solvents, unlike that of the stoppered monomer, indicating that the two independent diarylacetylene cores were insulated from the external environment by the PM α-CDs. Furthermore, the [c2]daisy chain rotaxane exhibited fluorescence emission derived from both diarylacetylene monomers and the excimer, which implies that the [c2]daisy chain structure can undergo contraction and extension. This is the first demonstration of a system in which excimer formation between two π-conjugated molecules within an isolated space can be controlled by the unique motion of a [c2]daisy chain rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, 5731121, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Komai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 5648680, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, 5731121, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nishiyama
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 5648680, Japan
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45
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46
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Cai K, Cui B, Song B, Wang H, Qiu Y, Jones LO, Liu W, Shi Y, Vemuri S, Shen D, Jiao T, Zhang L, Wu H, Chen H, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Stern CL, Li H, Schatz GC, Li X, Stoddart JF. Radical Cyclic [3]Daisy Chains. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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48
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Abstract
This review summarises recent developments in the use of macrocyclic and mechanically-interlocked host molecules as optical sensors for anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Paul Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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49
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Zhang Y, Chang Z, Zhao H, Crespi S, Feringa BL, Zhao D. A Chemically Driven Rotary Molecular Motor Based on Reversible Lactone Formation with Perfect Unidirectionality. Chem 2020; 6:2420-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Goswami A, Schmittel M. Double Rotors with Fluxional Axles: Domino Rotation and Azide-Alkyne Huisgen Cycloaddition Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12362-12366. [PMID: 32315496 PMCID: PMC7383839 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The simple preparation of the multicomponent devices [Cu4 (A)2 ]4+ and [Cu2 (A)(B)]2+ , both rotors with fluxional axles undergoing domino rotation, highlights the potential of self-sorting. The concept of domino rotation requires the interconversion of axle and rotator, allowing the spatiotemporal decoupling of two degenerate exchange processes in [Cu4 (A)2 ]4+ occurring at 142 kHz. Addition of two equiv of B to rotor [Cu4 (A)2 ]4+ afforded the heteromeric two-axle rotor [Cu2 (A)(B)]2+ with two distinct exchange processes (64.0 kHz and 0.55 Hz). The motion requiring a pyridine→zinc porphyrin bond cleavage is 1.2×105 times faster than that operating via a terpyridine→[Cu(phenAr2 )]+ rupture. Finally, both rotors are catalysts due to their copper(I) content. The fast domino rotor (142 kHz) was shown to suppress product inhibition in the catalysis of the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
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