151
|
Almajwal AM, Abulmeaty MMA, Feng H, Alruwaili NW, Dominguez-Uscanga A, Andrade JE, Razak S, ElSadek MF. Stabilization of Vitamin D in Pea Protein Isolate Nanoemulsions Increases Its Bioefficacy in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010075. [PMID: 30609750 PMCID: PMC6356569 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient delivery formulations based on nanoemulsions can enhance the absorption of nutrients and bioactives, and thus, are of great potential for food fortification and supplementation strategies. The aim was to evaluate the bioefficacy of vitamin D (VitD) encapsulated in nanoemulsions developed by sonication and pH-shifting of pea protein isolate (PPI) in restoring VitD status in VitD-deficient rats. Weaned male albino rats (n = 35) were fed either normal diet AIN-93G (VitD 1000 IU/kg) (control group; n = 7) or a VitD-deficient diet (<50 IU/kg) for six weeks (VitD-deficient group; n = 28). VitD-deficient rats were divided into four subgroups (n = 7/group). Nano-VitD and Oil-VitD groups received a dose of VitD (81 µg) dispersed in either PPI-nanoemulsions or in canola oil, respectively, every other day for one week. Their control groups, Nano-control and Oil-control, received the respective delivery vehicles without VitD. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VitD], parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, P, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured. After one week of treatment, the VitD-deficient rats consuming Nano-VitD recovered from Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as compared against baseline and had serum 25(OH)VitD higher than the Nano-control. Enhancement in VitD status was followed with expected changes in serum PTH, Ca, P, and ALP levels, as compared against the controls. Stabilization of VitD within PPI-based nanoemulsions enhances its absorption and restores its status and biomarkers of bone resorption in VitD-deficient rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud M A Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Nawaf W Alruwaili
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Astrid Dominguez-Uscanga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Juan E Andrade
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed F ElSadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Calcium Intake in Bone Health: A Focus on Calcium-Rich Mineral Waters. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121930. [PMID: 30563174 PMCID: PMC6316542 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an essential element that plays numerous biological functions in the human body, of which one of the most important is skeleton mineralization. Bone is a mineralized connective tissue in which calcium represents the major component, conferring bone strength and structure. Proper dietary calcium intake is important for bone development and metabolism, and its requirement can vary throughout life. The mineral composition of drinking water is becoming relevant in the modulation of calcium homeostasis. In fact, calcium present in mineral drinking waters is an important quantitative source of calcium intake. This, together with its excellent bioavailability, contributes to the maintenance of the bone health. This article aims to examine studies that assessed the bioavailability of the calcium contained in calcium-rich mineral waters and their impact on bone health, including original data collected in a recent study in humans.
Collapse
|
153
|
Havens PL, Long D, Schuster GU, Gordon CM, Price G, Wilson CM, Kapogiannis BG, Mulligan K, Stephensen CB. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate appears to disrupt the relationship of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Antivir Ther 2018; 23:623-628. [PMID: 30260797 DOI: 10.3851/imp3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) increases serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), and decreases bone mineral density (BMD). Optimal treatment of TDF-associated BMD loss requires an understanding of the primary cause of these abnormalities. METHODS Secondary review of data from two studies of TDF use in youth, comparing the relationship of PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) and 1,25-(OH)2D in three groups with varying exposures to TDF: youth without HIV enrolled in a trial of TDF/emtricitabine (FTC) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at baseline (no TDF exposure) and after 12 weeks of TDF (short-term TDF exposure); and youth with HIV treated with TDF-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for at least 6 months at study entry (long-term TDF exposure). Relationships were evaluated by correlation analyses. RESULTS Participants ranged in age from 17 to 24 years and >50% were Black/African American. In persons not treated with TDF, PTH had the physiologically appropriate negative correlation with 25-OHD (r=-0.3504, P=0.004). Correlations between PTH and 25-OHD in groups treated with TDF were weaker or absent. With longer term TDF treatment in persons with HIV, 25-OHD and 1,25-(OH)2D had the positive correlation similar to that found in vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS TDF changes the relationship of 25-OHD to PTH, suggesting that in persons using TDF for PrEP or cART, a higher than usual target for serum 25-OHD concentration might be needed to reduce PTH and optimize bone health. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01751646 (ATN 109) and NCT01769469 (ATN 117).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Havens
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dustin Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Catherine M Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine/Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Craig M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bill G Kapogiannis
- Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Hernando N. NaPi-IIa interacting partners and their (un)known functional roles. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:67-82. [PMID: 30022249 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sorting and stabilization of proteins at specific subcellular domains depend upon the formation of networks build up by specific protein-protein interactions. In addition, protein networks also ensure the specificity of many regulatory processes by bringing together regulatory molecules with their targets. Whereas the success on the identification of protein-protein interactions is (up to a point) technology-driven, the assignment of functional roles to specific partners remains a major challenge. This review summarizes the work that led to the identification of partners of the Na+/phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa as well as the effects of the interactions in the expression and/or regulation of the cotransporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Hernando N, Wagner CA. Mechanisms and Regulation of Intestinal Phosphate Absorption. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1065-1090. [PMID: 29978897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
States of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia have deleterious consequences including rickets/osteomalacia and renal/cardiovascular disease, respectively. Therefore, the maintenance of appropriate plasma levels of phosphate is an essential requirement for health. This control is executed by the collaborative action of intestine and kidney whose capacities to (re)absorb phosphate are regulated by a number of hormonal and metabolic factors, among them parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 , and dietary phosphate. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the transepithelial transport of phosphate across enterocytes are only partially understood. Indeed, whereas renal reabsorption entirely relies on well-characterized active transport mechanisms of phosphate across the renal proximal epithelia, intestinal absorption proceeds via active and passive mechanisms, with the molecular identity of the passive component still unknown. The active absorption of phosphate depends mostly on the activity and expression of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2), which is highly regulated by many of the factors, mentioned earlier. Physiologically, the contribution of NaPi-IIb to the maintenance of phosphate balance appears to be mostly relevant during periods of low phosphate availability. Therefore, its role in individuals living in industrialized societies with high phosphate intake is probably less relevant. Importantly, small increases in plasma phosphate, even within normal range, associate with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, therapeutic approaches to treat hyperphosphatemia, including dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders, aim at reducing intestinal absorption. Here we review the current state of research in the field. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1065-1090, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nati Hernando
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Kägi L, Bettoni C, Pastor-Arroyo EM, Schnitzbauer U, Hernando N, Wagner CA. Regulation of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes in murine renal and extrarenal tissues by dietary phosphate, FGF23, and 1,25(OH)2D3. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195427. [PMID: 29771914 PMCID: PMC5957386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) together with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) regulates calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (Pi) homeostasis, 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis is mediated by hydroxylases of the cytochrome P450 (Cyp) family. Vitamin D is first modified in the liver by the 25-hydroxylases CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 and further activated in the kidney by the 1α-hydroxylase CYP27B1, while the renal 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1 catalyzes the first step of its inactivation. While the kidney is the main organ responsible for circulating levels of active 1,25(OH)2D3, other organs also express some of these enzymes. Their regulation, however, has been studied less. Methods and results Here we investigated the effect of several Pi-regulating factors including dietary Pi, PTH and FGF23 on the expression of the vitamin D hydroxylases and the vitamin D receptor VDR in renal and extrarenal tissues of mice. We found that with the exception of Cyp24a1, all the other analyzed mRNAs show a wide tissue distribution. High dietary Pi mainly upregulated the hepatic expression of Cyp27a1 and Cyp2r1 without changing plasma 1,25(OH)2D3. FGF23 failed to regulate the expression of any of the studied hydroxylases at the used dosage and treatment length. As expected, renal mRNA expression of Cyp27b1 was reduced and Cyp24a1 was increased in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. However, the 25-hydroxylases were rather unaffected by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Conclusions The analyzed vitamin D hydroxylases are regulated in a tissue and treatment-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kägi
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH
| | - Carla Bettoni
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH
| | - Eva M. Pastor-Arroyo
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH
| | - Udo Schnitzbauer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH
| | - Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH
| | - Carsten A. Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in calcific rheumatic mitral stenosis- A cross sectional study. Indian Heart J 2018; 70:206-213. [PMID: 29716696 PMCID: PMC5993921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim of the study Rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) is an autoimmune, progressive destructive valve disease occurring as a sequele of streptococcal infection. Epidemiological studies support an association of vitamin D deficiency with initial susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in subjects of RMS and assess if any correlation exists with serum levels of vitamin D and severity of disease along with calcification assessed semi-quantitatively by echocardiography by applying Wilkins score. Method Fifty five patients of RMS without any calcification of the valves (Group A) assessed by echocardiography along with fifty five patients of RMS with mild to moderately calcified valves (Group B, Wilkins calcium score 1 or 2) and 55 patients with severely calcified valves (Group C, Wilkins calcium score 3 or 4) were enrolled for the study. All subjects underwent clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical evaluation. The total Wilkins score, Wilkins calcium score along with serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D was evaluated in all the patients. Results The median serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in Group B (20.4 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and group C (11.4 ng/ml, p < 0.001) compared to Group A patients (27.9 ng/ml). Similarly serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in Group C patients were significantly less than Group B patients (p < 0.001). A significant inverse correlation was identified between serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D and total Wilkins score (r = −0.65, p < 0.001) as well as Wilkins calcium score (r = −0.69, p < 0.001). But no correlation was identified between 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and other echocardiographic parameters of RMS. Conclusion Our study showed a significantly lower level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in subjects of RMS with severely damaged and calcified valves as compared to those with less severely damaged non-calcified valves and it correlated with both Wilkins score and Wilkins calcification score. Thus a link may exist between vitamin D deficiency (an immunomodulator) and severity of autoimmune injury on the valves.
Collapse
|
158
|
Matana A, Popović M, Torlak V, Punda A, Barbalić M, Zemunik T. Effects of genetic variants on serum parathyroid hormone in hyperparathyroidism and end-stage renal disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10834. [PMID: 29794776 PMCID: PMC6392899 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the principal regulators of calcium homeostasis, crucial for normal functioning of the kidneys, bones, heart, and nervous system. Different pathologic conditions can affect serum PTH level resulting in hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. Our study assessed the association of previously reported polymorphisms with the level of PTH (expressed in pg/mL) among individuals with different pathologic conditions affecting PTH level. METHODS We searched Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus to identify relevant articles published up to July 2017. The search yielded 6967 publications of which 44 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We conducted meta-analyses for calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) rs1801725 polymorphism in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) rs1544410 polymorphism in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). RESULTS None of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with PTH levels in the overall population. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity for VDR rs1544410 gene polymorphism, we found significant differences under dominant model (SMD: -0.18 [-0.32, -0.05], P < .01) and AA versus GG comparison (SMD: -0.29 [-0.52, -0.06], P < .01) in Asian patients with ESRD, while nominally significant results (P < .05) were observed for AG versus GG and AA versus GG comparisons in European individuals with ESRD. CONCLUSION Scientific evidence of genetic association of serum PTH level among individuals with different pathologic conditions remains deficient and published results provide weak evidence. Further well-conducted studies on larger sample sets designed according to evidence-based principles are warranted to assure clinically applicable findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Matana
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
| | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
| | - Vesela Torlak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Jeon SM, Shin EA. Exploring vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-14. [PMID: 29657326 PMCID: PMC5938036 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient, is a precursor of a potent steroid hormone that regulates a broad spectrum of physiological processes. In addition to its classical roles in bone metabolism, epidemiological, preclinical, and cellular research during the last decades, it revealed that vitamin D may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of many extra-skeletal diseases such as cancer. Vitamin D, as a prohormone, undergoes two-step metabolism in liver and kidney to produce a biologically active metabolite, calcitriol, which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) for the regulation of expression of diverse genes. In addition, recent studies have revealed that vitamin D can also be metabolized and activated through a CYP11A1-driven non-canonical metabolic pathway. Numerous anticancer properties of vitamin D have been proposed, with diverse effects on cancer development and progression. However, accumulating data suggest that the metabolism and functions of vitamin D are dysregulated in many types of cancer, conferring resistance to the antitumorigenic effects of vitamin D and thereby contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Thus, understanding dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer will be critical for the development of promising new strategies for successful vitamin D-based cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ae Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Matana A, Brdar D, Torlak V, Boutin T, Popović M, Gunjača I, Kolčić I, Boraska Perica V, Punda A, Polašek O, Barbalić M, Hayward C, Zemunik T. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with parathyroid hormone level. Mol Med 2018; 24:15. [PMID: 30134803 PMCID: PMC6016867 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the principal regulators of calcium homeostasis. Although serum PTH level is mostly accounted by genetic factors, genetic background underlying PTH level is insufficiently known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify novel genetic variants associated with PTH levels. Methods We performed GWAS meta-analysis within two genetically isolated Croatian populations followed by replication analysis in a Croatian mainland population and we also combined results across all three analyzed populations. The analyses included 2596 individuals. A total of 7,411,206 variants, imputed using the 1000 Genomes reference panel, were analysed for the association. In addition, a sex-specific GWAS meta-analyses were performed. Results Polymorphisms with the lowest P-values were located on chromosome 4 approximately 84 kb of the 5′ of RASGEF1B gene. The most significant SNP was rs11099476 (P = 1.15 × 10−8). Sex-specific analysis identified genome-wide significant association of the variant rs77178854, located within DPP10 gene in females only (P = 2.21 × 10− 9). There were no genome-wide significant findings in the meta-analysis of males. Conclusions We identified two biologically plausible novel loci associated with PTH levels, providing us with further insights into the genetics of this complex trait. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0018-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Matana
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Brdar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesela Torlak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, Split, Croatia
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, School of Medicine Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, School of Medicine Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Shen J, Zhang N, Lin YN, Xiang P, Liu XB, Shan PF, Hu XY, Zhu W, Tang YL, Webster KA, Cai R, Schally AV, Wang J, Yu H. Regulation of Vascular Calcification by Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Agonists. Circ Res 2018; 122:1395-1408. [PMID: 29618597 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular calcification (VC) is a marker of the severity of atherosclerotic disease. Hormones play important roles in regulating calcification; estrogen and parathyroid hormones exert opposing effects, the former alleviating VC and the latter exacerbating it. To date no treatment strategies have been developed to regulate clinical VC. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its agonist (GHRH-A) on the blocking of VC in a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Young adult osteoprotegerin-deficient mice were given daily subcutaneous injections of GHRH-A (MR409) for 4 weeks. Significant reductions in calcification of the aortas of MR409-treated mice were paralleled by markedly lower alkaline phosphatase activity and a dramatic reduction in the expression of transcription factors, including the osteogenic marker gene Runx2 and its downstream factors, osteonectin and osteocalcin. The mechanism of action of GHRH-A was dissected in smooth muscle cells isolated from human and mouse aortas. Calcification of smooth muscle cells induced by osteogenic medium was inhibited in the presence of GHRH or MR409, as evidenced by reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and Runx2 expression. Inhibition of calcification by MR409 was partially reversed by MIA602, a GHRH antagonist, or a GHRH receptor-selective small interfering RNA. Treatment with MR409 induced elevated cytosolic cAMP and its target, protein kinase A which in turn blocked nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and reduced production of reactive oxygen species, thus blocking the phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (p65), a key intermediate in the ligand of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B-Runx2/alkaline phosphatase osteogenesis program. A protein kinase A-selective small interfering RNA or the chemical inhibitor H89 abolished these beneficial effects of MR409. CONCLUSIONS GHRH-A controls osteogenesis in smooth muscle cells by targeting cross talk between protein kinase A and nuclear factor κB (p65) and through the suppression of reactive oxygen species production that induces the Runx2 gene and alkaline phosphatase. Inflammation-mediated osteogenesis is thereby blocked. GHRH-A may represent a new pharmacological strategy to regulate VC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | - Yi-Nuo Lin
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | - PingPing Xiang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | - Xian-Bao Liu
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | | | - Xin-Yang Hu
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhu
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | - Yao-Liang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (Y.-l.T.)
| | - Keith A Webster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and the Vascular Biology Institute (K.A.W., R.C., A.V.S.)
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and the Vascular Biology Institute (K.A.W., R.C., A.V.S.)
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (R.C., A.V.S.)
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL (R.C., A.V.S.)
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and the Vascular Biology Institute (K.A.W., R.C., A.V.S.)
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (R.C., A.V.S.)
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL (R.C., A.V.S.)
| | - Jian'an Wang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| | - Hong Yu
- From the Departments of Cardiology (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China (J.S., N.Z., Y.-N.L., P.P.X., X.-b.L., X.-y.H., W.Z., J.W., H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Lee JJ, Plain A, Beggs MR, Dimke H, Alexander RT. Effects of phospho- and calciotropic hormones on electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule. F1000Res 2017; 6:1797. [PMID: 29043081 PMCID: PMC5627579 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12097.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium and phosphate are critical for a myriad of physiological and cellular processes within the organism. Consequently, plasma levels of calcium and phosphate are tightly regulated. This occurs through the combined effects of the phospho- and calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH), active vitamin D
3, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). The organs central to this are the kidneys, intestine, and bone. In the kidney, the proximal tubule reabsorbs the majority of filtered calcium and phosphate, which amounts to more than 60% and 90%, respectively. The basic molecular mechanisms responsible for phosphate reclamation are well described, and emerging work is delineating the molecular identity of the paracellular shunt wherein calcium permeates the proximal tubular epithelium. Significant experimental work has delineated the molecular effects of PTH and FGF23 on these processes as well as their regulation of active vitamin D
3 synthesis in this nephron segment. The integrative effects of both phospho- and calciotropic hormones on proximal tubular solute transport and subsequently whole body calcium-phosphate balance thus have been further complicated. Here, we first review the molecular mechanisms of calcium and phosphate reabsorption from the proximal tubule and how they are influenced by the phospho- and calciotropic hormones acting on this segment and then consider the implications on both renal calcium and phosphate handling as well as whole body mineral balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,The Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Allein Plain
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,The Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Megan R Beggs
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,The Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,The Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Nedelkov D. Human proteoforms as new targets for clinical mass spectrometry protein tests. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:691-699. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1362337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
164
|
Alkhatatbeh MJ, Abdul-Razzak KK, Khasawneh LQ, Saadeh NA. High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Correlation of Serum Vitamin D with Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:213-219. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J. Alkhatatbeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid K. Abdul-Razzak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lubna Q. Khasawneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nesreen A. Saadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Jantarajit W, Lertsuwan K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. CFTR-mediated anion secretion across intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer under PTH stimulation is dependent on intermediate conductance K + channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C118-C129. [PMID: 28490422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00010.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a pleiotropic hormone that maintains mineral homeostasis, is also essential for controlling pH balance and ion transport across renal and intestinal epithelia. Optimization of luminal pH is important for absorption of trace elements, e.g., calcium and phosphorus. We have previously demonstrated that PTH rapidly stimulated electrogenic [Formula: see text] secretion in intestinal epithelial-like Caco-2 monolayers, but the underlying cellular mechanism, contributions of other ions, particularly Cl- and K+, and long-lasting responses are not completely understood. Herein, PTH and forskolin were confirmed to induce anion secretion, which peaked within 1-3 min (early phase), followed by an abrupt decay and plateau that lasted for 60 min (late phase). In both early and late phases, apical membrane capacitance was increased with a decrease in basolateral capacitance after PTH or forskolin exposure. PTH also induced a transient increase in apical conductance with a long-lasting decrease in basolateral conductance. Anion secretion in both phases was reduced under [Formula: see text]-free and/or Cl--free conditions or after exposure to carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide), CFTR inhibitor (CFTRinh-172), Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)-3 inhibitor (tenapanor), or K+ channel inhibitors (BaCl2, clotrimazole, and TRAM-34; basolateral side), the latter of which suggested that PTH action was dependent on basolateral K+ recycling. Furthermore, early- and late-phase responses to PTH were diminished by inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin and LY-294002) and PKA (PKI 14-22). In conclusion, PTH requires NHE3 and basolateral K+ channels to induce [Formula: see text] and Cl- secretion, thus explaining how PTH regulated luminal pH balance and pH-dependent absorption of trace minerals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walailak Jantarajit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kornkamon Lertsuwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
| | | | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Marcucci G, Della Pepa G, Brandi ML. Natpara for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1417-1424. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1238455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
167
|
Peng FF, Xiao ZL, Chen HM, Chen Y, Zhou J, Yu H, Zhang BF. Parathyroid hormone inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling and extracellular matrix proteins upregulation in rat mesangial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1093-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
168
|
Plasma osteoprotegerin, its correlates, and risk of heart failure: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 32:113-123. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|