151
|
Amadeu de Oliveira F, Narisawa S, Bottini M, Millán JL. Visualization of Mineral-Targeted Alkaline Phosphatase Binding to Sites of Calcification In Vivo. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1765-1771. [PMID: 32343017 PMCID: PMC8383212 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A mineral-targeted form of recombinant tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), asfotase alfa, was approved multinationally as an enzyme replacement therapy for hypophosphatasia in 2015. Two reports to date have shown evidence of binding of this drug to mineralizing tissues using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Here, we sought to expand on those earlier studies by directly visualizing the in vivo binding of asfotase alfa conjugated with AnaTag HiLyte Fluor 750 or Alexa Fluor 647 fluorescent dye to sites of skeletal/dental mineralization and ectopic calcification. We utilized 40-day-old Tagln-Cre; HprtALPL/Y mice, a model of severe medial vascular calcification; Tie2-Cre; HprtALPL/Y mice, a model of severe intimal calcification; and sibling WT HprtALPL/Y mice, devoid of soft-tissue calcification. A single dose of 8 mg/kg labeled asfotase alfa was injected via the retro-orbital route. Skeletal tissues and soft organs were imaged ex vivo 2 days after the injection. Strong fluorescence signal was observed in all skeletal tissues (calvaria, vertebra, long bones, jaw, and mandibles) from mutant and WT mice. Fluorescence analysis of histological sections from bones revealed strong binding of asfotase alfa. Asfotase alfa binding to sites of ectopic calcification in the heart, aorta, and renal artery were found in both the Tagln-Cre; HprtALPL/Y and Tie2-Cre; HprtALPL/Y mice but not in WT mice. In addition, asfotase alfa binding was also found in the kidney stroma and brain of the Tie2-Cre; HprtALPL/Y mice. Our results show that fluorescence-labeled asfotase alfa administered in vivo binds not only to sites of skeletal and dental mineralization but also to sites of ectopic calcification in these animal models. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Bauer EM, Bloomer ZW, Shakir MKM, Hoang TD. Visual Vignette. Endocr Pract 2020; 26:1044. [PMID: 33471695 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2019-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Bauer
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zachary W Bloomer
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mohamed K M Shakir
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thanh D Hoang
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland..
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to give an overview of diagnosis and up-to-date management of major pediatric metabolic bone diseases that are associated with bone fragility, including nutritional rickets, hypophosphatemic rickets, osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers--Danlos syndrome, Marfan's syndrome, hypophosphatasia, osteopetrosis and skeletal fluorosis. RECENT FINDINGS During the past decade, a number of advanced treatment options have been introduced and shown to be an effective treatment in many metabolic bone disorders, such as burosumab for hypophosphatemic rickets and asfotase alfa for hypophosphatasia. On the other hand, other disorders, such as nutritional rickets and skeletal fluorosis continue to be underrecognized in many regions of the world. Genetic disorders of collagen-elastin, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers--Danlos syndrome and Marfan's syndrome are also associated with skeletal fragility, which can be misdiagnosed as caused by non-accidental trauma/child abuse. SUMMARY It is essential to provide early and accurate diagnosis and treatment for pediatric patients with metabolic bone disorders in order to maintain growth and development as well as prevent fractures and metabolic complications.
Collapse
|
154
|
Lin EL, Gottesman GS, McAlister WH, Bijanki VN, Mack KE, Griffin DM, Mumm S, Whyte MP. Healing of vitamin D deficiency rickets complicating hypophosphatasia suggests a role beyond circulating mineral sufficiency for vitamin D in musculoskeletal health. Bone 2020; 136:115322. [PMID: 32200022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the metabolic bone disease caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) of the ALPL gene that encodes the cell-surface tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). In HPP, extracellular accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a TNSALP natural substrate and inhibitor of biomineralization, often leads to rickets or osteomalacia despite normal or sometimes elevated circulating levels of calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). We report an infant girl with vitamin D deficiency rickets subsequently healed by cholecalciferol administration alone before receiving TNSALP-replacement therapy for accompanying HPP. Throughout her clinical course, circulating Ca and Pi levels were normal or elevated. At presentation with failure-to-thrive at age six months, radiographs revealed severe rickets and serum 25(OH)D was 8 ng/mL (Nl, 30-100), yet low ALP activity 55 U/L (Nl, 124-341), normal Ca 9.3 mg/dL (Nl, 8.5-10.1) and Pi 6.4 mg/dL (Nl, 3.5-7.0), and low-normal parathyroid hormone 21 pg/mL (Nl, 14-72) were instead consistent with HPP. At age nine months, after 1000 IU of cholecalciferol orally each day for six weeks, serum 25(OH)D was 86 ng/mL, strength markedly better, and radiographs documented significant improvement of rickets. At age 18 months, with fully healed vitamin D deficiency rickets, findings of underlying HPP included a waddling gait and Gower sign, metaphyseal "tongues" of radiolucency, elevated serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate 121 ng/mL (Nl, 2-33), and bi-allelic ALPL missense mutations. Then, nearly complete restoration of strength and radiographic healing of her remaining skeletal disease from HPP occurred during asfotase alfa enzyme replacement treatment. At no time, including presentation, were circulating Ca or Pi levels compromised. Instead, and in keeping with HPP, high-normal or elevated serum Ca and Pi concentrations were consistently documented. Thus, our findings suggest some role for vitamin D in musculoskeletal health beyond assuring circulating mineral sufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Lin
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gary S Gottesman
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Karen E Mack
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Donna M Griffin
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Steven Mumm
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Saeed A, Khurshid A, Shabir G, Mahmood A, Zaib S, Iqbal J. An efficient synthetic approach toward a sporadic heterocyclic scaffold: 1,3-Oxathiol-2-ylidenes; alkaline phosphatase inhibition and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127238. [PMID: 32386855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a simple and robust method for synthesis of 1,3-oxathiol-2-ylidene benzamides (4a-m) a sporadic class of heterocycles, by reacting freshly prepared aroyl isothiocyanates, with ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate in presence of N-methylimidazole in dry acetonitrile. The synthesized compounds were explored for their inhibition against alkaline phosphatases and HeLa cancer cell lines. The results suggest that almost all the compounds possess good % inhibition against both enzymes, with compound 4m showing dual inhibition while 4g and 4i as potent and selective inhibitors of TNAP and c-IAP respectively. Structure activity relationship for the active members of series has been carried out based on molecular docking studies. The result of SAR shows the involvement of active inhibitors in H-bonding at various sites with different amino acid residues in addition to secondary metal ion interactions with Zn ions inside the active pocket of the enzyme. The π-π interactions between the 1,3-oxathiole ring and imidazole ring of His321 and His 317 further defines the dual mode of inhibition by compound 4m. These compounds also possess inhibition potential against cervical cell lines in the range of 2.42-69.03% with the maximum inhibition shown by the unsubstituted member 4a compared to the reference drug cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Khurshid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Mumtaz A, Saeed K, Mahmood A, Zaib S, Saeed A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J. Bisthioureas of pimelic acid and 4-methylsalicylic acid derivatives as selective inhibitors of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP): Synthesis and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103996. [PMID: 32563965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) are membrane bound metalloenzymes, distributed all over the body. Recent studies have revealed that by targeting ALPs can lead towards the treatment of many deadliest diseases including cardiac, cancerous and brain diseases. Thioureas and their derivatives are of considerable significance and are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. They show a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants etc. On the other hand, salicylic acid and its derivatives are known for its broad spectrum of activities. The work presented comprises of synthesis of N-acyl-N'-aryl substituted bisthioureas of pimelic acid (1-7) and 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole (11), 1-aroyl-3-aryl thiourea (12) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (13) derivatives of 4-methyl salicylic acid. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their alkaline phosphatases inhibition potential and exhibited high potency as well as selectivity towards h-TNAP and h-IAP. Compound 7 and 12 which were the bisthiourea derivative of pimmelic acid and thiourea derivative of 4-methyl salicylic acid, respectively, showed excellent selectivity against h-TNAP and h-IAP, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Kiran Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Bangura A, Wright L, Shuler T. Hypophosphatasia: Current Literature for Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cureus 2020; 12:e8594. [PMID: 32676235 PMCID: PMC7362651 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited bone disorder identified by impaired bone mineralization. There are seven subtypes of HPP mainly characterized by their age of onset. These subtypes consist of perinatal (prenatal) benign, perinatal lethal, infantile, childhood, adult, odontohypophosphatasia, and pseudohypophosphatasia. Due to limited awareness of the condition, either misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is common. Furthermore, the condition is frequently treated with contraindicated drugs. This literature illustrates the most recent findings on the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosing, and treatment for HPP and its subtypes. The etiology of the disease consists of loss-of-function mutations of the ALPL gene on chromosome one, which encodes for tissue nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). A decrease of TNAP reduces inorganic phosphate (Pi) for bone mineralization and allows for an increase in inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and phosphorylated osteopontin (p-OPN), which further reduces bone mineralization. The combination of these processes softens bone and mediates a clinical presentation similar to rickets/osteomalacia. HPP has an additional wide range of clinical features depending on its subtype. Although a concrete diagnostic guideline has not yet been established, many studies have supported a similar method of identifying HPP. Clinical features, radiological findings, and/or biomarker levels of the disorder should raise suspicion and encourage the inclusion of HPP as a differential diagnosis. Biomarkers, especially alkaline phosphatase (ALP), are major contributors to diagnosis. However, genetic testing is done for definitive diagnosis. The primary treatment for HPP is the reintroduction of TNAP as a recombinant enzyme called asfotase alfa. There are additional pharmaceutical treatments and in some cases, surgical intervention may be indicated. Pharmaceutical therapies such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, potent antiresorptive agents, and vitamin D are contraindicated in adults with HPP. We hope to raise awareness for HPP in order to prevent delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. We plan to encourage appropriate care and avoid treatments that may be contraindicating. We also encourage the development of a diagnostic guideline that will promote a consistently favorable patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulai Bangura
- Department of Research, Trinity School of Medicine, Ratho Mill, VCT
| | - Lisa Wright
- Department of Orthopaedics, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, USA
| | - Thomas Shuler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, USA
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Vimalraj S. Alkaline phosphatase: Structure, expression and its function in bone mineralization. Gene 2020; 754:144855. [PMID: 32522695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is highly expressed in the cells of mineralized tissue and plays a critical function in the formation of hard tissue. The existing status of this critical enzyme should be reviewed periodically. ALP increases inorganic phosphate local rates and facilitates mineralization as well as reduces the extracellular pyrophosphate concentration, an inhibitor of mineral formation. Mineralization is the production, inside matrix vesicles, of hydroxyapatite crystals that bud from the outermembrane of hypertrophic osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The expansion of hydroxyapatite formsinto the extracellular matrix and its accumulation between collagen fibrils is observed. Among various isoforms, the tissue-nonspecific isozyme of ALP (TNAP) is strongly expressed in bone, liver and kidney and plays a key function in the calcification of bones. TNAP hydrolyzes pyrophosphate and supplies inorganic phosphate to enhance mineralization. The biochemical substrates of TNAP are believed to be inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal phosphate. These substrates concentrate in TNAP deficient condition which results in hypophosphatasia. The increased level of ALP expression and development in this environment would undoubtedly provide new and essential information about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of bone formation, offer therapeutic possibilities for the management of bone-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Zarzeczny R, Polak A, Nawrat-Szołtysik A, Manasar A. Associations between the serum levels of selected bone turnover markers and biological traits in nursing home women aged 80+ without inflammation. A pilot study. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110970. [PMID: 32428562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone turnover markers (BTM) reflect the status of bone remodeling processes responsible for bone mineral density. The existing body of evidence that osseous tissue can interact with many other body tissues and organs suggests that the cross-talks can lead to different relationships. The biological traits associated with BTMs have not been thoroughly studied in the elderly despite bone turnover being known to increase with age. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the C-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of type I collagen (CTXI) and the serum levels of total (TAP) and bone-specific (BAP) alkaline phosphatase are associated with the biological traits in nursing home women aged 80-92 years without inflammation and, if so, to indicate the best predictors of these BTM's blood concentrations. METHODS A group of 64 female volunteers aged 80 years and older, the residents of nursing homes, were screened for the study. Fifty two women were ineligible as they met the exclusion criteria. As a result, the study group consisted of 12 participants (85.1 ± 3.9 years; 58.1 ± 8.7 kg; 1.52 ± 0.06 m), all having blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels below 3 mg/l. Also assessed were the participants' morphology, glucose and insulin levels, lipid profiles, CTXI, TAP, and BAP. Other measured parameters included body composition, resting heart rate and arterial blood pressure, isometric knee extension peak torque (IKEPT), and walking capacity (6-min walk test). The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficients, the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, and a stepwise multiple regression analysis with backward elimination. RESULTS Inverse correlations were found between CTX-I and hemoglobin concentration (HGB) (r = -0.680; p = .015), red blood cells count (RBC) (r = -0.664; p = .019), fat-free mass (r = -0.633; p = .027), body weight (r = -0.589; p = .044), and total cholesterol (r = -0.581; p = .048). The multiple regression analysis of CTX-I showed that body weight was the only independent variable that was statistically significant (r2 = 0.346; p < .05; SEE = 0.347 ng/ml). BAP was positively correlated with double product (DP) (r = 0.742; p = .006), RBC (r = 0.650; p = .022), HGB (r = 0.637; p = .026), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r = 0.622; p = .031), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.612; p = .034), body height (r = 0.603; p = .038), IKEPT (r = 0.565; p = .056), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.538; p = .071). BAP, a dependent variable, was the most closely correlated with DP (r2 = 0.550; p < .01; SEE = 9.161 U/l). TAP was also significantly associated with DP (r = 0.775; p = .003), with the association being stronger than between BAP and DP (r2 = 0.600; p < .01; SEE = 1000.5 beats/min*mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS In relatively healthy the oldest-old nursing home women without inflammation, total body weight was the best predictor of bone resorption shown by the CTX-I concentration, whereas the rate pressure product (DP) turned out to best predict osteoblastic activity determinable from serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The results of the study suggest that the activity of serum TAP and BAP can be enhanced by different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Zarzeczny
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 34 Marymoncka str., 00-968 Warsaw 45, Poland.
| | - Anna Polak
- Chair of Physiotherapy Basics, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 72A Mikołowska str., 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nawrat-Szołtysik
- Chair of Physiotherapy Basics, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 72A Mikołowska str., 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ahmed Manasar
- Silesians Analytical Laboratories in Katowice, 1 Żelazna str., 40-851 Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Whyte MP, Zhang F, Wenkert D, Mumm S, Berndt TJ, Kumar R. Hyperphosphatemia with low FGF7 and normal FGF23 and sFRP4 levels in the circulation characterizes pediatric hypophosphatasia. Bone 2020; 134:115300. [PMID: 32112990 PMCID: PMC7233305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn-error-of-metabolism caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) of the ALPL gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP in healthy individuals is on cell surfaces richly in bone, liver, and kidney. Thus, TNSALP natural substrates accumulate extracellularly in HPP, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystal formation and growth. Superabundance of extracellular PPi (ePPi) in HPP impairs mineralization of bones and teeth, often leading to rickets during childhood and osteomalacia in adult life and to tooth loss at any age. HPP's remarkably broad-ranging severity is largely explained by nearly four hundred typically missense mutations throughout the ALPL gene that are transmitted as an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. In the clinical laboratory, the biochemical hallmark of HPP is low serum ALP activity (hypophosphatasemia). However, our experience indicates that hyperphosphatemia from increased renal reclamation of filtered inorganic phosphate (Pi) is also common. Herein, from our prospective single-center study, we document throughout the clinical spectrum of non-lethal pediatric HPP that hyperphosphatemia reflects increased renal tubular threshold maximum for phosphorus adjusted for the glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR). To explore its pathogenesis, we studied mineral metabolism and quantitated circulating levels of three phosphatonins [fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7)] in 41 pediatric patients with HPP, 73 with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and 15 healthy pediatric control (CTR) subjects. The HPP and XLH cohorts had normal serum total and ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone levels (Ps > 0.10) and uncompromised glomerular filtration. In XLH, serum FGF23 was characteristically elevated (P < 0.0001) and despite hypophosphatemia sFRP4 was normal (P > 0.4) while FGF7 was low (P < 0.0001). In HPP, despite hyperphosphatemia serum FGF23 and sFRP4 were normal (Ps > 0.8) while FGF7 was low (P < 0.0001). Subsequently, in rats, we confirmed that FGF7 is phosphaturic. Thus, hyperphosphatemia in non-lethal pediatric HPP is associated with phosphatonin insufficiency together with, as we discuss, ePPi excess and diminished renal TNSALP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah Wenkert
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Steven Mumm
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Theresa J Berndt
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Li B, He X, Dong Z, Xuan K, Sun W, Gao L, Liu S, Liu W, Hu C, Zhao Y, Shi S, Jin Y. Ionomycin ameliorates hypophosphatasia via rescuing alkaline phosphatase deficiency-mediated L-type Ca 2+ channel internalization in mesenchymal stem cells. Bone Res 2020; 8:19. [PMID: 32351759 PMCID: PMC7183511 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL result in hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn metabolic disorder that causes skeletal mineralization defects. In adults, the main clinical features are early loss of primary or secondary teeth, osteoporosis, bone pain, chondrocalcinosis, and fractures. However, guidelines for the treatment of adults with HPP are not available. Here, we show that ALPL deficiency caused a reduction in intracellular Ca2+ influx, resulting in an osteoporotic phenotype due to downregulated osteogenic differentiation and upregulated adipogenic differentiation in both human and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Increasing the intracellular level of calcium in BMSCs by ionomycin treatment rescued the osteoporotic phenotype in alpl+/- mice and BMSC-specific (Prrx1-alpl-/-) conditional alpl knockout mice. Mechanistically, ALPL was found to be required for the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ influx, which it achieves by regulating L-type Ca2+ channel trafficking via binding to the α2δ subunits to regulate the internalization of the L-type Ca2+ channel. Decreased Ca2+ flux inactivates the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, which regulates lineage differentiation of BMSCs. This study identifies a previously unknown role of the ectoenzyme ALPL in the maintenance of calcium channel trafficking to regulate stem cell lineage differentiation and bone homeostasis. Accelerating Ca2+ flux through L-type Ca2+ channels by ionomycin treatment may be a promising therapeutic approach for adult patients with HPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Xuan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenghu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
He Y, Tian F, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Fu R, Jiao B. Colorimetric aptasensor for ochratoxin A detection based on enzyme-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121758. [PMID: 31796354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An innovative colorimetric method based on enzyme-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation was developed to detect the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and it was further applied to construct an aptasensor to monitor ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations. In the presence of ALP, the substrate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate was hydrolyzed to generate ascorbic acid (AA). Subsequently, reduction of MnO2 nanosheets by AA produced manganese ions, which mediated gold nanoparticle aggregation. The color of the detection solution changed from brown-red to purple to blue as the ALP concentration increased, and a detection limit of 0.05 U·L-1 was achieved. Furthermore, this strategy was successfully utilized to devise a target-responsive aptasensor for colorimetric detection of an important mycotoxin, OTA, which causes food poisoning and has various toxic effects on humans. The proposed method offers high sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 5.0 nM together with high specificity. When applied to analyze red wine and grape juice samples, no complex sample pretreatment or bulky instruments were required. Overall, a colorimetric platform based on enzyme-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation was successfully established to improve the simplicity and sensitivity of ALP and OTA detection. This platform appears highly promising for mycotoxin-related food safety monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China.
| | - Fengyu Tian
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Ruijie Fu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Bessueille L, Briolay A, Como J, Mebarek S, Mansouri C, Gleizes M, El Jamal A, Buchet R, Dumontet C, Matera EL, Mornet E, Millan JL, Fonta C, Magne D. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is an anti-inflammatory nucleotidase. Bone 2020; 133:115262. [PMID: 32028019 PMCID: PMC7185042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is necessary for skeletal mineralization by its ability to hydrolyze the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), which is mainly generated from extracellular ATP by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). Since children with TNAP deficiency develop bone metaphyseal auto-inflammations in addition to rickets, we hypothesized that TNAP also exerts anti-inflammatory effects relying on the hydrolysis of pro-inflammatory adenosine nucleotides into the anti-inflammatory adenosine. We explored this hypothesis in bone metaphyses of 7-day-old Alpl+/- mice (encoding TNAP), in mineralizing hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and non-mineralizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neutrophils, which express TNAP and are present, or can be recruited in the metaphysis. Bone metaphyses of 7-day-old Alpl+/- mice had significantly increased levels of Il-1β and Il-6 and decreased levels of the anti-inflammatory Il-10 cytokine as compared with Alpl+/+ mice. In bone metaphyses, murine hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts, Alpl mRNA levels were much higher than those of the adenosine nucleotidases Npp1, Cd39 and Cd73. In hypertrophic chondrocytes, inhibition of TNAP with 25 μM of MLS-0038949 decreased the hydrolysis of AMP and ATP. However, TNAP inhibition did not significantly modulate ATP- and adenosine-associated effects in these cells. We observed that part of TNAP proteins in hypertrophic chondrocytes was sent from the cell membrane to matrix vesicles, which may explain why TNAP participated in the hydrolysis of ATP but did not significantly modulate its autocrine pro-inflammatory effects. In MSCs, TNAP did not participate in ATP hydrolysis nor in secretion of inflammatory mediators. In contrast, in neutrophils, TNAP inhibition with MLS-0038949 significantly exacerbated ATP-associated activation and secretion of IL-1β, and extended cell survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TNAP is a nucleotidase in both hypertrophic chondrocytes and neutrophils, and that this nucleotidase function is associated with autocrine effects on inflammation only in neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Bessueille
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - A Briolay
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - J Como
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - S Mebarek
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - C Mansouri
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - M Gleizes
- Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), UMR CNRS 5549 université de Toulouse, UPS, France
| | - A El Jamal
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - R Buchet
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - C Dumontet
- Anticancer Antibodies, CRCL, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, CLB, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - E L Matera
- Anticancer Antibodies, CRCL, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, CLB, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - E Mornet
- Service de biologie, unité de génétique constitutionnelle, centre hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - J L Millan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - C Fonta
- Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), UMR CNRS 5549 université de Toulouse, UPS, France
| | - D Magne
- Univ Lyon; University Lyon 1; ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Zaher DM, El‐Gamal MI, Omar HA, Aljareh SN, Al‐Shamma SA, Ali AJ, Zaib S, Iqbal J. Recent advances with alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and their inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000011. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchSharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I. El‐Gamal
- Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchSharjah United Arab Emirates
- College of PharmacySharjah United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyMansoura Egypt
| | - Hany A. Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchSharjah United Arab Emirates
- College of PharmacySharjah United Arab Emirates
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of PharmacyBeni‐Suef Egypt
| | | | | | - Aya J. Ali
- College of PharmacySharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug ResearchCOMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug ResearchCOMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Ohshima H, Amizuka N. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2019. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:1-8. [PMID: 32109566 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Journal of Oral Biosciences is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of fundamental knowledge concerning every aspect of oral biosciences. HIGHLIGHT This review features review articles in the fields of "Bone Cell Biology," "Microbiology," "Oral Heath," "Biocompatible Materials," "Mouth Neoplasm," and "Biological Evolution" in addition to the review articles by winners of the Lion Dental Research Award ("Role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors for modulation of microcircuits in the agranular insular cortex" and "Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein: A novel signaling molecule for modulating fat metabolism and energy expenditure") and the Rising Members Award ("Pain mechanism of oral ulcerative mucositis and the therapeutic traditional herbal medicine hangeshashinto," "Mechanisms underlying the induction of regulatory T cells by sublingual immunotherapy," and "Regulation of osteoclast function via Rho-Pkn3-c-Src pathways"), presented by the Japanese Association for Oral Biology. CONCLUSION These reviews in the Journal of Oral Biosciences have inspired the readers of the journal to broaden their knowledge regarding various aspects of oral biosciences. The current editorial review introduces these exciting review articles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Tornero C, Navarro-Compán V, Tenorio JA, García-Carazo S, Buño A, Monjo I, Plasencia-Rodriguez C, Iturzaeta JM, Lapunzina P, Heath KE, Balsa A, Aguado P. Can we identify individuals with an ALPL variant in adults with persistent hypophosphatasaemia? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:51. [PMID: 32066479 PMCID: PMC7026995 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-1315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by low levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Scarce evidence exists about features that should signal the potential association between hypophosphatasaemia and HPP in adults. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of ALPL variants in subjects with persistent hypophosphatasaemia and determine the associated clinical and laboratory features. For this cross-sectional study, laboratory records of 386,353 subjects were screened by measurement of ALP activity. A total of 85 (0.18%) subjects with persistent hypophosphatasaemia (≥2 serum alkaline phosphatase–ALP–measurements ≤35 IU/L and none > 45 IU/L) were included (secondary causes previously discarded). ALPL genetic testing and a systematized questionnaire to retrieve demographic, clinical and laboratory data were performed. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were employed to identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with ALPL variants. Results Forty subjects (47%) had a variant(s) in ALPL. With regard to clinical characteristics, the presence of an ALPL variant was significantly associated only with musculoskeletal pain (OR: 7.6; 95% IC: 1.9–30.9). Nevertheless, a trend to present more dental abnormalities (OR: 3.6; 95% IC: 0.9–13.4) was observed. Metatarsal stress fractures were also more frequent (4 vs 0; p < 0.05) in this group. Regarding laboratory features, median ALP levels were lower in subjects with ALPL variants (26 vs 29 IU/L; p < 0.005). Interestingly, the threshold of ALP levels < 25 IU/L showed a specificity, positive predictive value and positive likelihood ratio of 97.8, 94.4% and 19.8 to detect a positive ALPL test, respectively. Conclusions In subjects with persistent hypophosphatasaemia –secondary causes excluded– one out of two presented ALPL variants. Musculoskeletal pain and ALP levels < 25 IU/L are associated with this variant(s). In this scenario, ALP levels < 25 IU/L seem to be very useful to identify individuals with the presence of an ALPL variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tornero
- Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Navarro-Compán
- Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Tenorio
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - S García-Carazo
- Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Buño
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Monjo
- Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Plasencia-Rodriguez
- Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Iturzaeta
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Lapunzina
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - K E Heath
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Balsa
- Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Aguado
- Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Nakamura T, Nakamura-Takahashi A, Kasahara M, Yamaguchi A, Azuma T. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase promotes the osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:702-709. [PMID: 32035618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is expressed in the calcification sites of the skeletal tissue. It promotes hydroxyapatite crystal formation by degrading inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and increasing inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration. However, abnormalities in Alpl-/- mouse-derived osteoblasts are poorly understood, and the involvement of TNAP in osteoblast differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the precise role of TNAP in osteoblast differentiation. TNAP inhibition by levamisole, a reversible TNAP inhibitor, suppressed the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes in wild-type osteoblastic cells. Alpl overexpression increased the expression of master osteoblast transcription factor genes runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Sp7 and the mature osteoblast and osteocyte marker genes, bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein 2 (Bglap2) and dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), respectively in Alpl-deficient osteoblastic cells. TNAP regulated Runx2 expression, which in turn regulated the expression of all other osteoblast markers, except Dmp1. Dmp1 expression was independent of RUNX2 but was dependent on extracellular Pi concentration in Runx2-deficient osteogenic cells. These results suggest that TNAP functions as an osteogenic differentiation regulator either by regulating Runx2 expression or by controlling extracellular Pi concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan; Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Aki Nakamura-Takahashi
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Masataka Kasahara
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan; Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Michigami T, Ohata Y, Fujiwara M, Mochizuki H, Adachi M, Kitaoka T, Kubota T, Sawai H, Namba N, Hasegawa K, Fujiwara I, Ozono K. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hypophosphatasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 29:9-24. [PMID: 32029969 PMCID: PMC6958520 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare bone disease caused by inactivating mutations in the
ALPL gene, which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase
(TNSALP). Patients with HPP have varied clinical manifestations and are classified based
on the age of onset and severity. Recently, enzyme replacement therapy using bone-targeted
recombinant alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been developed, leading to improvement in the
prognosis of patients with life-threatening HPP. Considering these recent advances,
clinical practice guidelines have been generated to provide physicians with guides for
standard medical care for HPP and to support their clinical decisions. A task force was
convened for this purpose, and twenty-one clinical questions (CQs) were formulated,
addressing the issues of clinical manifestations and diagnosis (7 CQs) and those of
management and treatment (14 CQs). A systematic literature search was conducted using
PubMed/MEDLINE, and evidence-based recommendations were developed. The guidelines have
been modified according to the evaluations and suggestions from the Clinical Guideline
Committee of The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (JSPE) and public comments
obtained from the members of the JSPE and a Japanese HPP patient group, and then approved
by the Board of Councils of the JSPE. We anticipate that the guidelines will be revised
regularly and updated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Yasuhisa Ohata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Makoto Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Hiroshi Mochizuki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Masanori Adachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Taichi Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Hideaki Sawai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Noriyuki Namba
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Tottori, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Ikuma Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Sendai City Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Task Force for Hypophosphatasia Guidelines
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Fujisawa Y, Kitaoka T, Ono H, Nakashima S, Ozono K, Ogata T. Case Report: Efficacy of Reduced Doses of Asfotase Alfa Replacement Therapy in an Infant With Hypophosphatasia Who Lacked Severe Clinical Symptoms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:590455. [PMID: 33391183 PMCID: PMC7775725 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.590455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypophosphatasia is a rare bone disease characterized by impaired bone mineralization and low alkaline phosphatase activity. Here, we describe the course of bone-targeted enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alpha for a female infant patient with hypophosphatasia who lacked apparent severe clinical symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION The patient exhibited low serum alkaline phosphatase (60 U/L; age-matched reference range, 520-1,580) in a routine laboratory test at birth. Further examinations revealed skeletal demineralization and rachitic changes, as well as elevated levels of serum calcium (2.80 mmol/L; reference range, 2.25-2.75 mmol/L) and ionic phosphate (3.17 mmol/L; reference range, 1.62-2.48 mmol/L), which are typical features in patients with hypophosphatasia. Sequencing analysis of the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene identified two pathogenic mutations: c.406C>T, p.Arg136Cys and c.979T>C, p.Phe327Leu. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with hypophosphatasia. At the age of 37 days, she began enzyme replacement therapy using asfotase alpha at the standard dose of 6 mg/kg/week. Initial therapy from the age of 37 days to the age of 58 days substantially improved rickets signs in the patient; it also provided immediate normalization of serum calcium and ionic phosphate levels. However, serum ionic phosphate returned to a high level (2.72 mmol/L), which was presumed to be a side effect of asfotase alpha. Thus, the patient's asfotase alfa treatment was reduced to 2 mg/kg/week, which allowed her to maintain normal or near normal skeletal features thereafter, along with lowered serum ionic phosphate levels. Because the patient exhibited slight distal metaphyseal demineralization in the knee at the age of 2 years and 6 months, her asfotase alfa treatment was increased to 2.4 mg/kg/week. No signs of deterioration in bone mineralization were observed thereafter. At the age of 3 years, the patient's motor and psychological development both appeared normal, compared with children of similar age. CONCLUSION This is the first report in which reduced doses of asfotase alfa were administered to an infant patient with hypophosphatasia who lacked apparent severe clinical symptoms. The results demonstrate the potential feasibility of a tailored therapeutic option based on clinical severity in patients with hypophosphatasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuko Fujisawa,
| | - Taichi Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Hypophosphatasie – eine klinisch und genetisch variable Erkrankung. MED GENET-BERLIN 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-019-00271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist eine erbliche metabolische Multisystemerkrankung, deren klinische Hauptcharakteristika Mineralisierungsstörungen von Knochen und Zähnen sowie Muskel- und Gelenkschmerzen sind. Die klinische Symptomatik ist vom Erkrankungsalter abhängig und gestaltet sich sowohl interindividuell als auch intrafamiliär sehr variabel. Es werden sechs Unterformen der HPP abgegrenzt, wobei die Übergänge fließend sind. Sie reichen von der schweren perinatalen Form, die früher aufgrund fehlender Skelettmineralisierung meist tödlich war, bis hin zur adulten Form mit typischen Symptomen wie Frakturheilungsstörungen oder Stressfrakturen. Unspezifische Symptome wie Muskelschmerzen und -schwäche, Migräne oder Depressionen können ebenfalls Teil der HPP sein. Während schwere Formen mit einer Prävalenz zwischen 1/100.000 und 1/300.000 selten sind, kommen milde Formen der HPP deutlich häufiger vor. Perinatale und frühkindliche Formen sind meist autosomal-rezessiv vererbt, hingegen werden später auftretende Formen autosomal-rezessiv oder -dominant vererbt. Ursache der HPP ist eine reduzierte oder fehlende Aktivität der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (AP), welche durch das ALPL-Gen kodiert wird. Laborchemisch lassen sich im Serum eine alters- und geschlechtsspezifisch erniedrigte AP-Aktivität und eine konsekutive Erhöhung der AP-Substrate, z. B. des Pyridoxal-5-Phosphats (PLP), feststellen. Seit der Erstbeschreibung der Erkrankung 1948 haben sich die Diagnostik und Therapie der HPP dramatisch verbessert. Vor 4 Jahren ist eine Enzymersatztherapie mit Asfotase alfa (Strensiq®) für schwer betroffene HPP-Patienten mit Beginn der Erkrankung vor dem 18. Lebensjahr zugelassen worden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das breite klinische Spektrum der HPP, pathophysiologische Hintergründe, die laborchemische und molekulargenetische Diagnostik sowie gegenwärtige Therapieoptionen und deren Behandlungsindikationen.
Collapse
|
171
|
Hepp N, Frederiksen AL, Dunø M, Jørgensen NR, Langdahl B, Vedtofte P, Hove HB, Hindsø K, Jensen JEB. Multiple Fractures and Impaired Bone Fracture Healing in a Patient with Pycnodysostosis and Hypophosphatasia. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:681-686. [PMID: 31489468 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pycnodysostosis (PYCD) is a rare recessive inherited skeletal disease, characterized by short stature, brittle bones, and recurrent fractures, caused by variants in the Cathepsin K encoding gene that leads to impaired osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a dominant or recessive inherited condition representing a heterogeneous phenotype with dental symptoms, recurrent fractures, and musculoskeletal problems. The disease results from mutation(s) in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphate encoding gene with reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase and secondarily defective mineralization of bone and teeth. Here, we present the first report of a patient with the coexistence of PYCD and HPP. This patient presented typical clinical findings of PYCD, including short stature, maxillary hypoplasia, and sleep apnoea. However, the burden of disease was caused by over 30 fractures, whereupon most showed delayed healing and non-union. Biochemical analysis revealed suppressed bone resorption and low bone formation capacity. We suggest that the coexistence of impaired bone resorption and mineralization may explain the severe bone phenotype with poor fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hepp
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital Copenhagen, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Anja Lisbeth Frederiksen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19. 3, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Morten Dunø
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Copenhagen Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
- OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital/Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B.Winsløws Vej 9, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bente Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, G317, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Poul Vedtofte
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Copenhagen Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne B Hove
- Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hindsø
- Paediatric Section, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Copenhagen Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Erik Beck Jensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital Copenhagen, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Hughes EAB, Robinson TE, Bassett DB, Cox SC, Grover LM. Critical and diverse roles of phosphates in human bone formation. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7460-7470. [PMID: 31729501 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans utilise biomineralisation in the formation of bone and teeth. Human biomineralisation processes are defined by the transformation of an amorphous phosphate-based precursor to highly organised nanocrystals. Interestingly, ionic phosphate species not only provide a fundamental building block of biological mineral, but rather exhibit several diverse roles in mediating mineral formation in the physiological milieu. In this review, we focus on elucidating the complex roles of phosphate ions and molecules within human biomineralisation pathways, primarily referring to the nucleation and crystallisation of bone mineral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A B Hughes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. and NIHR Surgical Rec and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas E Robinson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - David B Bassett
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. and Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Nizet A, Cavalier E, Stenvinkel P, Haarhaus M, Magnusson P. Bone alkaline phosphatase: An important biomarker in chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:198-206. [PMID: 31734146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an emerging major health problem. Indeed, disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism occur frequently in CKD and are termed chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). These can lead to cardiovascular pathology, resulting in an increased cardiovascular risk. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) is essential for biomineralization. Recent findings demonstrate a crucial role for BALP in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification and identified it as a promising predictor of mortality in CKD. In conjunction with parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum BALP has been suggested as a biomarker of bone turnover in CKD-MBD. In contrast to PTH, serum BALP demonstrates a lower variability and may thus be better suited for the diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of bone turnover. The linear association with mortality, compared to the U-shaped curve for PTH, is an additional advantage, making BALP more suitable than PTH as a treatment target in CKD. Here we review the main characteristics of alkaline phosphatase isozymes/isoforms and the various assays currently used in clinical routine laboratories. We also discuss the role of BALP in both physiological and pathological mineralization, and the clinical benefit of BALP determination in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Nizet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Center of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Center of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Diaverum Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Bordoni V, Reina G, Orecchioni M, Furesi G, Thiele S, Gardin C, Zavan B, Cuniberti G, Bianco A, Rauner M, Delogu LG. Stimulation of bone formation by monocyte-activator functionalized graphene oxide in vivo. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19408-19421. [PMID: 31386739 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03975a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanosystems are able to enhance bone regeneration, a complex process requiring the mutual interplay between immune and skeletal cells. Activated monocytes can communicate pro-osteogenic signals to mesenchymal stem cells and promote osteogenesis. Thus, the activation of monocytes is a promising strategy to improve bone regeneration. Nanomaterials specifically selected to provoke immune-mediated bone formation are still missing. As a proof of concept, we apply here the intrinsic immune-characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) with the well-recognized osteoinductive capacity of calcium phosphate (CaP) in a biocompatible nanomaterial called maGO-CaP (monocytes activator GO complexed with CaP). In the presence of monocytes, the alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteogenic markers increased. Studying the mechanisms of action, we detected an up-regulation of Wnt and BMP signaling, two key osteogenic pathways. The role of the immune activation was evidenced by the over-production of oncostatin M, a pro-osteogenic factor produced by monocytes. Finally, we tested the pro-osteogenic effects of maGO-CaP in vivo. maGO-CaP injected into the tibia of mice enhanced local bone mass and the bone formation rate. Our study suggests that maGO-CaP can activate monocytes to enhance osteogenesis ex vivo and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Reina
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Giulia Furesi
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. and TU Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Chiara Gardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Lucia G Delogu
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy and Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Okawa R, Kokomoto K, Kitaoka T, Kubota T, Watanabe A, Taketani T, Michigami T, Ozono K, Nakano K. Japanese nationwide survey of hypophosphatasia reveals prominent differences in genetic and dental findings between odonto and non-odonto types. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222931. [PMID: 31600233 PMCID: PMC6786601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare and intractable metabolic bone disease caused by mutations in the ALPL gene. Here, we undertook a nationwide survey of HPP in Japan, specifically regarding the prominent genetic and dental manifestations of odonto (n = 16 cases) and other (termed “non-odonto”) (n = 36 cases) types. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values in odonto-type patients were significantly greater than those of non-odonto-type patients (P<0.05). Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns were detected, respectively, in 89% of odonto-type and 96% of non-odonto-type patients. The ALPL “c.1559delT” mutation, associated with extremely low ALP activity, was found in approximately 70% of cases. Regarding dental manifestations, all patients classified as odonto-type showed early exfoliation of the primary teeth significantly more frequently than patients classified as non-odonto-type (100% vs. 56%; P<0.05). Tooth hypomineralisation was detected in 42% of non-odonto-type patients, but not in any odonto-type patients (0%; P<0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that genetic and dental manifestations of patients with odonto-type and non-odonto-type HPP are significantly different, and these differences should be considered during clinical treatment of patients with HPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rena Okawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuma Kokomoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taichi Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Metabolism, and Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Blank M, Sims NA. Cellular Processes by Which Osteoblasts and Osteocytes Control Bone Mineral Deposition and Maturation Revealed by Stage-Specific EphrinB2 Knockdown. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:270-280. [PMID: 31401710 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We outline the diverse processes contributing to bone mineralization and bone matrix maturation by describing two mouse models with bone strength defects caused by restricted deletion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EphrinB2. RECENT FINDINGS Stage-specific EphrinB2 deletion differs in its effects on skeletal strength. Early-stage deletion in osteoblasts leads to osteoblast apoptosis, delayed initiation of mineralization, and increased bone flexibility. Deletion later in the lineage targeted to osteocytes leads to a brittle bone phenotype and increased osteocyte autophagy. In these latter mice, although mineralization is initiated normally, all processes involved in matrix maturation, including mineral accrual, carbonate substitution, and collagen compaction, progress more rapidly. Osteoblasts and osteocytes control the many processes involved in bone mineralization; defining the contributing signaling activities may lead to new ways to understand and treat human skeletal fragilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Blank
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Rolvien T, Schmidt T, Schmidt FN, von Kroge S, Busse B, Amling M, Barvencik F. Recovery of bone mineralization and quality during asfotase alfa treatment in an adult patient with infantile-onset hypophosphatasia. Bone 2019; 127:67-74. [PMID: 31152801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder characterized by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity leading to poor bone mineralization. On a micro-morphological level, this may not only be reflected by an enrichment of osteoid but also a degradation of bone quality. Asfotase alfa is an enzyme replacement therapy that was recently demonstrated to improve bone mineralization as well as clinical status (e.g. growth, muscle strength and quality of life). However, the underlying changes of bone quality parameters on asfotase alfa treatment are currently not known. In the present study, we report a 24-year-old woman with genetically confirmed infantile-onset HPP and recurrent fractures. While the initiated asfotase alfa treatment was followed by rapid clinical improvements (i.e., disappearance of bone marrow edema, increase of muscle strength), the BMD assessed by DXA at the hip and spine increased moderately at two years follow-up. A detailed skeletal assessment using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and a high-resolution analysis of two consecutive iliac crest bone biopsies revealed only minor improvements of bone microarchitecture but a remarkable reduction of osteoid parameters. Furthermore, the high mineralization heterogeneity at baseline assessed by quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) decreased after 2 year of asfotase alfa treatment. Finally, we found an increase in mineral maturation reflected by higher mineral-to-matrix and carbonate-to-phosphate ratios using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) imaging as well as increased local mechanical properties using reference point indentation (RPI). Taken together, our findings provide evidence for an improvement of bone quality indices beyond the mere reduction of osteoid indices and thereby contribute to the understanding of fracture risk reduction in HPP patients on asfotase alfa treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Barvencik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Quality Control and Downstream Processing of Therapeutic Enzymes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:55-80. [PMID: 31482494 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic enzymes are a commercially minor but clinically important area of biopharmaceuticals. An array of therapeutic enzymes has been developed for a variety of human diseases, including leukaemia and enzyme-deficiency diseases such as Gaucher's disease. Production and testing of therapeutic enzymes is strictly governed by regulatory bodies in each country around the world, and batch-to-batch consistency is crucially important. Manufacture of a batch starts with the fermentation or cell culture stage. After expression of the therapeutic enzyme in a cell culture bioreactor, robust and reproducible protein purification, or downstream processing (DSP) of the target product, is critical to ensuring safe delivery of these medicines. Modern processing technology, including the use of disposable processing equipment, has greatly improved the DSP development pathway in terms of robustness and speed to clinic. Once purified, the drug substance undergoes rigorous quality control (QC) testing according to current regulatory guidance, to enable release to the clinic and patient. QC testing is conducted to ensure the safety, purity, identity, potency and strength of the medicinal product, requiring multiple analytical methods that are rigorously validated and monitored for robust performance. Several case studies, including L-asparaginase and asfotase alfa, are discussed to illustrate the methods described herein.
Collapse
|
179
|
Khan AA, Josse R, Kannu P, Villeneuve J, Paul T, Van Uum S, Greenberg CR. Hypophosphatasia: Canadian update on diagnosis and management. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1713-1722. [PMID: 30915507 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited disorder of bone and mineral metabolism caused by loss of function mutations in the ALPL gene. The presentation in children and adults can be extremely variable and natural history is poorly understood particularly in adults. Careful patient evaluation is required with consideration of pharmacologic intervention in individuals meeting criteria for therapy. INTRODUCTION The purposes of this review are to present current evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of hypophosphatasia in children and adults and provide evidence-based recommendations for management. METHOD A MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane database search and literature review was completed. The following consensus recommendations were developed based on the highest level of evidence as well as expert opinion. RESULTS Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disorder of bone and mineral metabolism due to loss of function mutations in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene causing reductions in the activity of the tissue non-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Deficient levels of alkaline phosphatase result in elevation of inhibitors of mineralization of the skeleton and teeth, principally inorganic pyrophosphate. The impaired skeletal mineralization may result in elevations in serum calcium and phosphate. Clinical features include premature loss of teeth, metatarsal and subtrochanteric fractures as well as fragility fractures. Poor bone healing post fracture has been observed. Myalgias and muscle weakness may also be present. In infancy and childhood, respiratory and neurologic complications can occur. CONCLUSIONS HPP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic intervention can result in significant clinical improvement. This Canadian position paper provides an overview of the musculoskeletal, renal, dental, respiratory, and neurologic manifestations of hypophosphatasia. The current state of the art in the diagnosis and management of hypophosphatasia is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Khan
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - R Josse
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - P Kannu
- Hospital for Sick Kids , Toronto, Canada
| | - J Villeneuve
- Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Paul
- St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
180
|
Schmidt T, Rolvien T, Linke C, Jandl NM, Oheim R, Amling M, Barvencik F. Outcome of Teriparatide Treatment on Fracture Healing Complications and Symptomatic Bone Marrow Edema in Four Adult Patients With Hypophosphatasia. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10215. [PMID: 31485555 PMCID: PMC6715780 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to teriparatide has been described in very few cases of hypophosphatasia (HPP). In this cross‐sectional study, we report the prevalence of symptomatic bone marrow edema (BME) and fracture healing complications in a large cohort of childhood and adult HPP patients and discuss the results of teriparatide treatment in four cases. From 2016 to 2018, 51 patients with a diagnosis of HPP were seen at our institution. The diagnosis of HPP was established by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), elevated serum pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate (PLP), at least one typical clinical symptom of HPP and supported by ALPL mutation analysis. In this study cohort, 28 (56%) and 14 (27%) patients had a history of fracture or a history of BME, respectively. Four patients, including middle‐aged to elderly women and men who all presented with persistent symptomatic BME or fracture healing complications, were treated with teriparatide. DXA was performed prior to treatment and laboratory values were measured on a regular basis during treatment. Treatment with teriparatide showed variable effects in terms of clinical and biochemical response. Although all four patients displayed a temporary increase in ALP activity, only two patients with a mild form of adult HPP and moderately increased PLP levels showed definite clinical and radiological improvement after teriparatide treatment. In conclusion, fracture healing complications and BME occur frequently in HPP patients. Teriparatide shows variable clinical and biochemical effects depending on the severity of the disease. PLP levels and the number of ALPL alleles might be good parameters to predict treatment outcomes. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany.,Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Carolin Linke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Nico Maximilian Jandl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany.,Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Florian Barvencik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Molecular and cellular basis of hypophosphatasia. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:141-148. [PMID: 31400546 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disorder characterized by defective mineralization of the bone and teeth that is also associated with a deficiency of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Patients with HPP exhibit a broad range of symptoms including stillbirth with an unmineralized skeleton, premature exfoliation and dental caries in childhood, and pseudo-fractures in adulthood. The broad clinical spectrum of HPP is attributed to various mutations in the ALPL gene, which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the genotypic and phenotypic relationship of HPP remain unclear. HIGHLIGHT The expression of HPP-related TNSALP mutants in mammalian cells allows us to determine for the effects of mutations on the properties of TNSALP, which could contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between structure and function of TNSALP. CONCLUSION Molecular characterization of TNSALP mutants helps establish the etiology and onset of HPP.
Collapse
|
182
|
Iqbal J. Ectonucleotidases: Potential Target in Drug Discovery and Development. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:866-869. [PMID: 31379303 DOI: 10.2174/138955751911190517102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Postal Code 22060 - Abbottabad, K.P.K, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Choida V, Bubbear JS. Update on the management of hypophosphatasia. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2019; 11:1759720X19863997. [PMID: 31413732 PMCID: PMC6676257 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x19863997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disease caused by a loss of function mutations in the gene that codes for the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase enzyme. It is autosomally inherited and at least 388 different genetic defects have been identified. The clinical presentation is variable from a severe perinatal form, that is fatal if untreated, to adult-onset disease. This review covers the pathophysiology, diagnosis and current management option including the recently licensed enzyme replacement therapy asfotase alfa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Choida
- Metabolic Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - J S Bubbear
- Metabolic Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Iwayama T, Okada T, Ueda T, Tomita K, Matsumoto S, Takedachi M, Wakisaka S, Noda T, Ogura T, Okano T, Fratzl P, Ogura T, Murakami S. Osteoblastic lysosome plays a central role in mineralization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0672. [PMID: 31281900 PMCID: PMC6609213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mineralization is the most fundamental process in vertebrates. It is predominantly mediated by osteoblasts, which secrete mineral precursors, most likely through matrix vesicles (MVs). These vesicular structures are calcium and phosphate rich and contain organic material such as acidic proteins. However, it remains largely unknown how intracellular MVs are transported and secreted. Here, we use scanning electron-assisted dielectric microscopy and super-resolution microscopy for assessing live osteoblasts in mineralizing conditions at a nanolevel resolution. We found that the calcium-containing vesicles were multivesicular bodies containing MVs. They were transported via lysosome and secreted by exocytosis. Thus, we present proof that the lysosome transports amorphous calcium phosphate within mineralizing osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okada
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Ueda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiwako Tomita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Matsumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakisaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, and Graduate School of Frontier BioSciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- Corresponding author. (To. Ogura); (S. Mu.)
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author. (To. Ogura); (S. Mu.)
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Whyte MP, Leung E, Wilcox WR, Liese J, Argente J, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Reeves A, Fujita KP, Moseley S, Hofmann C. Natural History of Perinatal and Infantile Hypophosphatasia: A Retrospective Study. J Pediatr 2019; 209:116-124.e4. [PMID: 30979546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report clinical characteristics and medical history data obtained retrospectively for a large cohort of pediatric patients with perinatal and infantile hypophosphatasia. STUDY DESIGN Medical records from academic medical centers known to diagnose and/or treat hypophosphatasia were reviewed. Patients born between 1970 and 2011 with hypophosphatasia and any of the following signs/symptoms at age <6 months were eligible: vitamin B6-dependent seizures, respiratory compromise, or rachitic chest deformity (NCT01419028). Patient demographics and characteristics, respiratory support requirements, invasive ventilator-free survival, and further complications of hypophosphatasia were followed for up to the first 5 years of life. RESULTS Forty-eight patients represented 12 study sites in 7 countries; 13 patients were alive, and 35 were dead (including 1 stillborn). Chest deformity, respiratory distress, respiratory failure (as conditioned by the eligibility criteria), failure to thrive, and elevated calcium levels were present in >70% of patients between birth and age 5 years. Vitamin B6-dependent seizures and respiratory distress and failure were associated significantly (P < .05) with the risk of early death. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in all 41 patients tested (mean [SD]: 18.1 [15.4] U/L) was below the mean lower limit of normal of the reference ranges of the various laboratories (88.2 U/L). Among the 45 patients with relevant data, 29 had received respiratory support, of whom 26 had died at the time of data collection. The likelihood of invasive ventilator-free survival for this cohort decreased to 63% at 3 months, 54% at 6 months, 31% at 12 months, and 25% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Patients with perinatal or infantile hypophosphatasia and vitamin B6-dependent seizures, with or without significant respiratory distress or chest deformities, have high morbidity and mortality in the first 5 years of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01419028.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St Louis, MO; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO.
| | - Edward Leung
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - William R Wilcox
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Johannes Liese
- University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERobn, ISCIII, IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERobn, ISCIII, IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amy Reeves
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St Louis, MO
| | - Kenji P Fujita
- Clinical Research, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boston, MA
| | - Scott Moseley
- Biostatistics, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boston, MA
| | - Christine Hofmann
- University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Nakano C, Kitabatake Y, Takeyari S, Ohata Y, Kubota T, Taketani K, Kogo M, Ozono K. Genetic correction of induced pluripotent stem cells mediated by transcription activator-like effector nucleases targeting ALPL recovers enzyme activity and calcification in vitro. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 127:158-165. [PMID: 31178256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inheritable disease affecting both skeletal systems and extra-skeletal organs due to mutations of the gene ALPL, which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Recently, an enzyme replacement therapy using asfotase alfa was developed to ameliorate the complications of HPP. However, it requires frequent injections and is expensive to maintain. As an alternative, cell and gene therapy using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) after precise correction of the mutation is feasible due to advances in genome-editing technology. In the study, we examined the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcification in vitro of two childhood HPP patient-derived iPSCs after the correction of the c.1559delT mutation, which is the most frequent mutation in Japanese patients with HPP, using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). The gene correction targeting vector was designed for site-directed mutagenesis using TALEN. After selection with antibiotics, some clones with the selection cassette were obtained. Gene correction was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The mutation was corrected in one allele of ALPL in homozygous patients and compound heterozygous patients. The correction of ALPL did not result in an increase in ALP when the selection cassette remained. Conversely, iPSCs exhibited ALP activity after the elimination of the cassette using Cre/LoxP. The quantitative analysis showed the half ALP activity in corrected iPSCs of that of control iPSCs, corresponding to heterozygous correction of the mutation. In addition, osteoblasts differentiated from the corrected iPSCs exhibited high ALP activity and some calcification in vitro. Moreover, the osteoblast-like phenotype was confirmed by increased expression of osteoblast-specific genes such as COL1A1 and osteocalcin. These results suggest that gene correction in iPSCs may be a candidate treatment for HPP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuji Kitabatake
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeyari
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ohata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
He Y, Tian F, Zhou J, Jiao B. Alkaline phosphatase determination via regulation of enzymatically generated poly(thymine) as a template for fluorescent copper nanoparticle formation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3811-3818. [PMID: 31104084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new fluorometric method for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination. This method is based on the regulation of enzymatically generated poly(thymine) for the preparation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). 2'-Deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP) serves as the source for polymerization mediated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). This process generates poly(thymine), which acts as the template for synthesis of fluorescent CuNPs. However, if ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of dTTP, the TdT-mediated polymerization will be disabled. This prevents the formation of CuNPs and causes a drop in fluorescence. The findings were used to design a sensitive and selective fluorometric method for ALP determination. A linear response in the activity range from 0.1 to 20 U L-1 and a limit of quantification of 0.3 U L-1 were obtained. The results indicate that the proposed method can be successfully applied to ALP assay in spiked diluted serum. This demonstrates the method's reliability and practicability. Graphical abstract A fluoromoetric method for alkaline phosphatase assay has been developed based on regulation of enzymatically generated poly(thymine) as template for the formation of fluorescent CuNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China. .,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Fengyu Tian
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Whyte MP, McAlister WH, Mumm S, Bierhals AJ. No vascular calcification on cardiac computed tomography spanning asfotase alfa treatment for an elderly woman with hypophosphatasia. Bone 2019; 122:231-236. [PMID: 30825650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn-error-of-metabolism characterized enzymatically by insufficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and caused by either mono- or bi-allelic loss-of-function mutation(s) of the gene ALPL that encodes this cell surface phosphomonoester phosphohydrolase. In HPP, the natural substrates of TNSALP accumulate extracellularly and include inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of biomineralization. This PPi excess leads to rickets or osteomalacia in all but the most mild "odonto" form of the disease. Adults with HPP understandably often also manifest calcium PPi dihydrate deposition, whereas enthesopathy and calcific periarthritis from hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal deposition can seem paradoxical in face of the defective skeletal mineralization. In 2015, asfotase alfa (AA), a HA-targeted TNSALP, was approved multinationally as an enzyme replacement therapy for HPP. AA hydrolyzes extracellular PPi (ePPi) and in HPP enables HA crystals to grow and mineralize skeletal matrix. In direct contrast to HPP, deficiency of ePPi characterizes the inborn-errors-of-metabolism generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). In GACI and PXE, deficiency of ePPi leads to ectopic mineralization including vascular calcification (VC). Therefore, in HPP, ectopic mineralization including VC could hypothetically result from, or be exacerbated by, the persistently high circulating TNSALP activity that occurs during AA treatment. Herein, using a routine computed tomography (CT) method to quantitate coronary artery calcium, we found no ectopic mineralization in the heart of an elderly woman with HPP before or after 8 months of AA treatment. Subsequently, investigational high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed absence of peripheral artery and aortic calcium after further AA treatment. Investigation of additional adults with HPP could reveal if the superabundance of ePPi protects against VC, and whether long-term AA therapy causes or exacerbates any ectopic mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Whyte
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Steven Mumm
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrew J Bierhals
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Ma X, He S, Qiu B, Luo F, Guo L, Lin Z. Noble Metal Nanoparticle-Based Multicolor Immunoassays: An Approach toward Visual Quantification of the Analytes with the Naked Eye. ACS Sens 2019; 4:782-791. [PMID: 30896159 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensors have become powerful tools for the detection of different targets with convenient readout. Among the many types of nanomaterials, noble metal nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary optical responses mainly due to their excellent localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. The absorption spectrum of the noble metal nanoparticles was mostly in the visible range. This property enables the visual detection of various analytes with the naked eye. Among numerous color change modes, the way that different concentrations of targets represent vivid color changes has been brought to the forefront because the color distinction capability of normal human eyes is usually better than the intensity change capability. We review the state of the art in noble metal nanoparticle-based multicolor colorimetric strategies adopted for visual quantification by the naked eye. These multicolor strategies based on different means of morphology transformation are classified into two categories, namely, the etching of nanoparticles and the growth of nanoparticles. We highlight recent progress on the different means by which biocatalytic reactions mediated LSPR modulation signal generation and their applications in the construction of multicolor immunoassays. We also discuss the current challenges associated with multicolor colorimetric sensors during actual sample detection and propose the future development of next-generation multicolor qualification strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Shan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Azpiazu D, Gonzalo S, Villa-Bellosta R. Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase and Vascular Calcification: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 15:91-95. [PMID: 30381085 PMCID: PMC6520574 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666181031141226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a pathologic phenomenon consisting of calcium phosphate crystal deposition in the vascular walls. Vascular calcification has been found to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, due to its correlation with cardiovascular events and mortality, and it has been associated with aging, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Studies of vascular calcification have focused on phosphate homeostasis, primarily on the important role of hyperphosphatemia. Moreover, vascular calcification has been associated with loss of plasma pyrophosphate, one of the main inhibitors of calcification, thus indicating the importance of the phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio. Extracellular pyrophosphate can be synthesized from extracellular ATP by ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase, whereas pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed to phosphate by tissuenonspecific alkaline phosphatase, contributing to the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. Over the last decade, vascular calcification has been the subject of numerous reviews and studies, which have revealed new agents and activities that may aid in explaining the complex physiology of this condition. This review summarizes current knowledge about alkaline phosphatase and its role in the process of vascular calcification as a key regulator of the phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Azpiazu
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Gonzalo
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Yin L, Chang Y, You Y, Liu C, Li J, Lai HC. Biological responses of human bone mesenchymal stem cells to Ti and TiZr implant materials. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:550-564. [PMID: 31009155 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium-zirconium alloy (TiZr1317) is a new material used for biological implants. There are several studies on the effects of TiZr implants on the biological characteristics of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological responses of hBMSCs to implant holes affected by the physicochemical properties of oral implants (TiSLA , TiSLActive , TiZrSLA , and TiZrSLActive ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Grade 4 Ti and TiZr (13-17% Zr) substrates were modified by sand-blasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) or hydrophilic sand-blasted large-grit acid-etched (SLActive), resulting in four types of surface with complex microstructures corresponding to the commercially-available implants SLA, RoxolidSLA, SLActive, and RoxolidSLActive (Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland). Physicochemical properties were detected and the biological responses of hBMSCs were observed. RESULTS Surface morphology characterization by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed differences between the four groups. SLActive had higher surface energy/wettability than SLA, indicating that increased surface energy/wettability can promote the absorption of osteogenic proteins and enhance osseointegration. hBMSCs seeded on SLActive substrates exhibited better performance in terms of cell attachment, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation than cells seeded on SLA. CONCLUSION Because of their more suitable physicochemical properties, TiSLActive and TiZrSLActive materials demonstrated more pronounced effects on the biological responses of hBMSCs compared with TiSLA and TiZrSLA .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yin
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoren Chang
- Department of Implantology, School/Hospital of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanhe You
- Department of Implantology, School/Hospital of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Implantology, School/Hospital of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Implantology, School/Hospital of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong-Chang Lai
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Madani A, Shamsian SA, Layegh P, Abrisham SM, Ravaghi A, Tayarani Najjaran N. Are certain factors involved in calcium metabolism associated with temporomandibular disorders? Cranio 2019; 39:202-208. [PMID: 30931843 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1596054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).Methods: In this case-control study, 51 patients with TMDs (28 patients with TMJ clicking, 5 patients with muscular disorders, and 18 osteoarthritis patients) and 29 healthy subjects within the age range of 20-50 years as the control group, were referred to the laboratory for calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, and vitamin D (25 OHD) analysis tests. The TMJ status of all participants was examined according to RDC-TMD criteria by a prosthodontist who is an expert in TMDs. The results were analyzed with Fisher's precise test.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between TMD patients and healthy subjects.Conclusion: Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, and vitamin D are not associated with TMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azamsadat Madani
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Aliakbar Shamsian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Layegh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Abrisham
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Tayarani Najjaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Silva Cunha JL, Barboza Santana AV, Alves da Mota Santana L, Meneses Santos D, de Souza Amorim K, Maciel de Almeida Souza L, Ferreira de Sousa S, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Regional Odontodysplasia Affecting the Maxilla. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 14:224-229. [PMID: 30900210 PMCID: PMC7021893 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a rare dental anomaly of unknown etiology that can affect both deciduous and permanent dentition. RO is characterized by severe hypoplasia of enamel and dentin, and teeth affected are friable and more susceptible to caries and fractures. Most of the lesions occur in the anterior maxilla and correlation with clinical and radiographic features is essential to provide a correct diagnosis. The major criteria for diagnosis are predominantly based on radiography, which shows presence of large pulp chambers and a marked reduction in the radiopacity of enamel and dentin, making the distinction between these mineralized structures difficult. Early diagnosis is important to minimize future sequels and allow preventive or conservative treatment. The therapeutic approach of the RO should be based on the degree of severity of the anomaly and in the individual functional and aesthetic needs of each case. A classic case of RO affecting the maxilla is exemplified in this Sine Qua Non Radiology-Pathology article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Lennon Silva Cunha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, SE 49032-490 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Klinger de Souza Amorim
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | | | - Sílvia Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
194
|
Padidela R. Asfotase alfa treatment in perinatal and infantile hypophosphatasia: safe and sustained efficacy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019; 7:76-78. [PMID: 30558908 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Padidela
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disorders, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M139WL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Bowden SA, Foster BL. Alkaline Phosphatase Replacement Therapy for Hypophosphatasia in Development and Practice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:279-322. [PMID: 31482504 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disorder that affects bone and tooth mineralization characterized by low serum alkaline phosphatase. HPP is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene encoding the protein, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP is expressed by mineralizing cells of the skeleton and dentition and is associated with the mineralization process. Generalized reduction of activity of the TNSALP leads to accumulation of its substrates, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) that inhibits physiological mineralization. This leads to defective skeletal mineralization, with manifestations including rickets, osteomalacia, fractures, and bone pain, all of which can result in multi-systemic complications with significant morbidity, as well as mortality in severe cases. Dental manifestations are nearly universal among affected individuals and feature most prominently premature loss of deciduous teeth. Management of HPP has been limited to supportive care until the introduction of a TNSALP enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), asfotase alfa (AA). AA ERT has proven to be transformative, improving survival in severely affected infants and increasing overall quality of life in children and adults with HPP. This chapter provides an overview of TNSALP expression and functions, summarizes HPP clinical types and pathologies, discusses early attempts at therapies for HPP, summarizes development of HPP mouse models, reviews design and validation of AA ERT, and provides up-to-date accounts of AA ERT efficacy in clinical trials and case reports, including therapeutic response, adverse effects, limitations, and potential future directions in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Bowden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - B L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Okawa R, Miura J, Kokomoto K, Nakano K. Evaluation of avulsed primary incisor in 3-year-old girl with hypophosphatasia who received enzyme replacement therapy. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
197
|
Williams DK, Pinzón C, Huggins S, Pryor JH, Falck A, Herman F, Oldeschulte J, Chavez MB, Foster BL, White SH, Westhusin ME, Suva LJ, Long CR, Gaddy D. Genetic engineering a large animal model of human hypophosphatasia in sheep. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16945. [PMID: 30446691 PMCID: PMC6240114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of tools to accurately replicate the clinical phenotype of rare human diseases is a key step toward improved understanding of disease progression and the development of more effective therapeutics. We successfully generated the first large animal model of a rare human bone disease, hypophosphatasia (HPP) using CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a single point mutation in the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene (ALPL) (1077 C > G) in sheep. HPP is a rare inherited disorder of mineral metabolism that affects bone and tooth development, and is associated with muscle weakness. Compared to wild-type (WT) controls, HPP sheep have reduced serum alkaline phosphatase activity, decreased tail vertebral bone size, and metaphyseal flaring, consistent with the mineralization deficits observed in human HPP patients. Computed tomography revealed short roots and thin dentin in incisors, and reduced mandibular bone in HPP vs. WT sheep, accurately replicating odonto-HPP. Skeletal muscle biopsies revealed aberrant fiber size and disorganized mitochondrial cristae structure in HPP vs. WT sheep. These genetically engineered sheep accurately phenocopy human HPP and provide a novel large animal platform for the longitudinal study of HPP progression, as well as other rare human bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diarra K Williams
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carlos Pinzón
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shannon Huggins
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jane H Pryor
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Alyssa Falck
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Forrest Herman
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - James Oldeschulte
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarah H White
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mark E Westhusin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Charles R Long
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Baba TT, Terashima T, Oida S. Liver-type of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase is induced during mouse bone and tooth cell differentiation. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:32-37. [PMID: 30439569 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) contains two types-bone- and liver-type-which are produced from the same gene due to differences in splicing. These two differ in their promoter, but the amino acid sequences of the mature proteins are identical. In this study, we examined the relationship between the two types of TNSALP expression and osteoblast differentiation. DESIGN Gene expression of the two types of TNSALP was observed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. MC3T3-NM4 was sub-cloned from an established mouse osteoblastic cell line in which osteoblast characters do not appear without dexamethasone. The C2C12 mouse myoblastic cell line, which can be induced to osteoblasts with bone morphogenic protein 2, and organ-cultured tooth germs were also used in this work. RESULTS The gene expression of liver-type TNSALP was observed in only MC3T3-NM4 activated by dexamethasone. For C2C12, the gene expression of bone-type TNSALP was observed even in non-induced conditions where myotubes were formed, whereas the liver-type TNSALP mRNA was only expressed when C2C12 differentiated into osteoblasts by bone morphogenic protein 2. Furthermore, in the organ-cultured tooth germs, the liver-type TNSALP mRNA was expressed according to differentiation of tooth germs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the liver-type TNSALP mRNA is induced according to differentiation of bone and tooth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi T Baba
- Department of Oral Molecular Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Terashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Oida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Gámez-Belmonte R, Hernández-Chirlaque C, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Experimental acute pancreatitis is enhanced in mice with tissue nonspecific alkaline phoshatase haplodeficiency due to modulation of neutrophils and acinar cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3769-3779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
200
|
Freitas TQ, Franco AS, Pereira RMR. Improvement of bone microarchitecture parameters after 12 months of treatment with asfotase alfa in adult patient with hypophosphatasia: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13210. [PMID: 30508901 PMCID: PMC6283215 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypophosphatasia is an inborn error of metabolism that can appear any time in life, mainly with bone manifestations due to low alkaline phosphatase activity. Asfotase alfa is a specific enzyme reposition treatment that has shown promising results in children; however, there are few reports about the outcomes in adult patients. PATIENT CONCERNS A 36-year-old male presented with an early history of craniosynostosis, short stature, and multiple fractures since the age of 13 years-which needed numerous surgical corrections. He was admitted with a previous diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta, taking alendronate, calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol, and calcitriol. Bone mineral density was low (lumbar spine Z-score = -3.0 SD), with impairment of all parameters of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Kidney impairment was also observed with reduced creatinine clearance, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. DIAGNOSIS Alkaline phosphatase was unexpectedly low (6 U/L, reference value: 30-120 U/L), with high serum vitamin B6 (260 mcg/L, reference value: 5.2-34.1). Genetic testing showed a homozygous missense mutation in ALPL gene c.443 C>T: p.Thr148Ile. INTERVENTION Asfotase alfa was requested due to important bone deterioration, ambulatory disability, and kidney impairment. It was given subcutaneously 2 mg/kg per dose, 3 times a week, for 12 months before reassessment. OUTCOMES Bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine and whole body, besides almost all HR-pQCT microstructural parameters of the distal tibia, showed improvements and the patient was able to walk without assistant device. Kidney function did not further deteriorate. LESSONS Hypophosphatasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young patients with multiple fractures and kidney impairment, since the use of antiresorptive drugs, calcium and vitamin D, commonly used to treat fractures, worsen its symptoms and prognosis. A 12-month asfotase alfa treatment improved bone density and structural parameters even in an adult patient with late diagnosis.
Collapse
|