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Liu H, Wang J, He T, Becker S, Zhang G, Li D, Ma X. Butyrate: A Double-Edged Sword for Health? Adv Nutr 2018; 9:21-29. [PMID: 29438462 PMCID: PMC6333934 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is produced through microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the lower intestinal tract. Endogenous butyrate production, delivery, and absorption by colonocytes have been well documented. Butyrate exerts its functions by acting as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor or signaling through several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recently, butyrate has received particular attention for its beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis and energy metabolism. With anti-inflammatory properties, butyrate enhances intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. However, the role of butyrate in obesity remains controversial. Growing evidence has highlighted the impact of butyrate on the gut-brain axis. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the properties of butyrate, especially its potential effects and mechanisms involved in intestinal health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sage Becker
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Address correspondence to XM (e-mail: )
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152
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Battson ML, Lee DM, Weir TL, Gentile CL. The gut microbiota as a novel regulator of cardiovascular function and disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 56:1-15. [PMID: 29427903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical regulator of human physiology. Deleterious changes to the composition or number of gut bacteria, commonly referred to as gut dysbiosis, has been linked to the development and progression of numerous diet-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most CVD risk factors, including aging, obesity, certain dietary patterns, and a sedentary lifestyle, have been shown to induce gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is associated with intestinal inflammation and reduced integrity of the gut barrier, which in turn increases circulating levels of bacterial structural components and microbial metabolites that may facilitate the development of CVD. The aim of the current review is to summarize the available data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in regulating CVD function and disease processes. Particular emphasis is placed on nutrition-related alterations in the microbiome, as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms by which the microbiome may alter CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah L Battson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Dustin M Lee
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
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153
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Bertacco A, Dehner CA, Caturegli G, D'Amico F, Morotti R, Rodriguez MI, Mulligan DC, Kriegel MA, Geibel JP. Modulation of Intestinal Microbiome Prevents Intestinal Ischemic Injury. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1064. [PMID: 29311987 PMCID: PMC5742259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Butyrate protects against ischemic injury to the small intestine by reducing inflammation and maintaining the structure of the intestinal barrier, but is expensive, short-lived, and cannot be administered easily due to its odor. Lactate, both economical and more palatable, can be converted into butyrate by the intestinal microbiome. This study aimed to assess in a rat model whether lactate perfusion can also protect against intestinal ischemia. Materials and Methods: Rat intestinal segments were loaded in an in vitro bowel perfusion device, and water absorption or secretion was assessed based on fluorescence of FITC-inulin, a fluorescent marker bound to a biologically inert sugar. Change in FITC concentration was used as a measure of ischemic injury, given the tendency of ischemic cells to retain water. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections at light level microscopy were examined to evaluate intestinal epithelium morphology. Comparisons between the data sets were paired Student t-tests or ANOVA with p < 0.05 performed on GraphPad. Results: Lactate administration resulted in a protective effect against intestinal ischemia of similar magnitude to that observed with butyrate. Both exhibited approximately 1.5 times the secretion exhibited by control sections (p = 0.03). Perfusion with lactate and methoxyacetate, a specific inhibitor of lactate-butyrate conversion, abolished this effect (p = 0.09). Antibiotic treatment also eliminated this effect, rendering lactate-perfused sections similar to control sections (p = 0.72). Perfusion with butyrate and methoxyacetate did not eliminate the observed increased secretion, which indicates that ischemic protection was mediated by microbial conversion of lactate to butyrate (p = 0.71). Conclusions: Lactate's protective effect against intestinal ischemia due to microbial conversion to butyrate suggests possible applications in the transplant setting for reducing ischemic injury and ameliorating intestinal preservation during transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bertacco
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carina A Dehner
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Giorgio Caturegli
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Francesco D'Amico
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morotti
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Manuel I Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David C Mulligan
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John P Geibel
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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154
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Wang L, Zhu Q, Lu A, Liu X, Zhang L, Xu C, Liu X, Li H, Yang T. Sodium butyrate suppresses angiotensin II-induced hypertension by inhibition of renal (pro)renin receptor and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 2017; 35:1899-1908. [PMID: 28509726 PMCID: PMC11157961 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is the end product of the fermentation of complex carbohydrates by the gut microbiota. Recently, sodium butyrate (NaBu) has been found to play a protective role in a number of chronic diseases. However, it is still unclear whether NaBu has a therapeutic potential in hypertension. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of NaBu in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and to further explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Ang II was infused into uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats with or without intramedullary infusion of NaBu for 14 days. Mean arterial blood pressure was recorded by the telemetry system. Renal tissues, serum samples, and 24-h urine samples were collected to examine renal injury and the regulation of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) and renin. RESULTS Intramedullary infusion of NaBu in Sprague-Dawley rats lowered the Ang II-induced mean arterial pressure from 129 ± 6 mmHg to 108 ± 4 mmHg (P < 0.01). This corresponded with an improvement in Ang II-induced renal injury, including urinary albumin, glomerulosclerosis, and renal fibrosis, as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6. The renal expression of PRR, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I-converting enzyme and the urinary excretion of soluble PRR, renin, and angiotensinogen were all increased by Ang II infusion but decreased by NaBu treatment. In cultured innermedullary collecting duct cells, NaBu treatment attenuated Ang II-induced expression of PRR and renin. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that NaBu exerts an antihypertensive action, likely by suppressing the PRR-mediated intrarenal renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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155
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Raza GS, Putaala H, Hibberd AA, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K, Mäkelä KA, Herzig KH. Polydextrose changes the gut microbiome and attenuates fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels in Western diet fed mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5294. [PMID: 28706193 PMCID: PMC5509720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidemia are hallmarks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Polydextrose (PDX), a soluble fiber has lipid lowering effects. We hypothesize that PDX reduces triglycerides and cholesterol by influencing gut microbiota, which in turn modulate intestinal gene expression. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a Western diet (WD) ±75 mg PDX twice daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily. Fasting plasma lipids, caecal microbiota and gene expression in intestine and liver were measured after 14 days of feeding. PDX supplementation to WD significantly reduced food intake (p < 0.001), fasting plasma triglyceride (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium and Coriobacteriaceae taxa associated with lean phenotype, increased in WD + PDX mice. Gene expression analysis with linear mixed-effects model showed consistent downregulation of Dgat1, Cd36, Fiaf and upregulation of Fxr in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in WD + PDX mice. Spearman correlations indicated that genera enriched in WD + PDX mice inversely correlated with fasting lipids and downregulated genes Dgat1, Cd36 and Fiaf while positively with upregulated gene Fxr. These results suggest that PDX in mice fed WD promoted systemic changes via regulation of the gut microbiota and gene expression in intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Putaala
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Ashley A Hibberd
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Genomics & Microbiome Science, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kirsti Tiihonen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Kari Antero Mäkelä
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. .,Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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156
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The influence of the commensal microbiota on distal tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:62-73. [PMID: 28687194 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Commensal microbes inhabit barrier surfaces, providing a first line of defense against invading pathogens, aiding in metabolic function of the host, and playing a vital role in immune development and function. Several recent studies have demonstrated that commensal microbes influence systemic immune function and homeostasis. For patients with extramucosal cancers, or cancers occurring distal to barrier surfaces, the role of commensal microbes in influencing tumor progression is beginning to be appreciated. Extrinsic factors such as chronic inflammation, antibiotics, and chemotherapy dysregulate commensal homeostasis and drive tumor-promoting systemic inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, including disruption of barrier function and bacterial translocation, release of soluble inflammatory mediators, and systemic changes in metabolic output. Conversely, it has also been demonstrated that certain immune therapies, immunogenic chemotherapies, and checkpoint inhibitors rely on the commensal microbiota to facilitate anti-tumor immune responses. Thus, it is evident that the mechanisms associated with commensal microbe facilitation of both pro- and anti-tumor immune responses are context dependent and rely upon a variety of factors present within the tumor microenvironment and systemic periphery. The goal of this review is to highlight the various contexts during which commensal microbes orchestrate systemic immune function with a focus on describing possible scenarios where the loss of microbial homeostasis enhances tumor progression.
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157
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Ohira H, Tsutsui W, Fujioka Y. Are Short Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Microbiota Defensive Players for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis? J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:660-672. [PMID: 28552897 PMCID: PMC5517538 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora (microbiota) have recently attracted attention among lipid and carbohydrate metabolism researchers. Microbiota metabolize resistant starches and dietary fibers through fermentation and decomposition, and provide short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the host. The major SCFAs acetates, propionate and butyrate, have different production ratios and physiological activities. Several receptors for SCFAs have been identified as the G-protein coupled receptor 41/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41/FFAR3), GPR43/FFAR2, GPR109A, and olfactory receptor 78, which are present in intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and adipocytes, despite their expression levels differing between tissues and cell types. Many studies have indicated that SCFAs exhibit a wide range of functions from immune regulation to metabolism in a variety of tissues and organs, and therefore have both a direct and indirect influence on our bodies. This review will focus on SCFAs, especially butyrate, and their effects on various inflammatory mechanisms including atherosclerosis. In the future, SCFAs may provide new insights into understanding the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis, and we can expect the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ohira
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wao Tsutsui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
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158
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Santanna AF, Filete PF, Lima EM, Porto ML, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Endringer DC, Lenz D, Abdalla DS, Pereira TM, Andrade TU. Chronic administration of the soluble, nonbacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr −/− mice. Nutrition 2017; 35:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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159
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Sakurai T, Sakurai A, Chen Y, Vaisman BL, Amar MJ, Pryor M, Thacker SG, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Yang ZH, Freeman LA, Remaley AT. Dietary α-cyclodextrin reduces atherosclerosis and modifies gut flora in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28102587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD), a cyclic polymer of glucose, has been shown to lower plasma cholesterol in animals and humans; however, its effect on atherosclerosis has not been previously described. METHODS AND RESULTS apoE-knockout mice were fed either low-fat diet (LFD; 5.2% fat, w/w), or Western high fat diet (21.2% fat) containing either no additions (WD), 1.5% α-CD (WDA); 1.5% β-CD (WDB); or 1.5% oligofructose-enriched inulin (WDI). Although plasma lipids were similar after 11 weeks on the WD vs. WDA diets, aortic atherosclerotic lesions were 65% less in mice on WDA compared to WD (P < 0.05), and similar to mice fed the LFD. No effect on atherosclerosis was observed for the other WD supplemented diets. By RNA-seq analysis of 16S rRNA, addition of α-CD to the WD resulted in significantly decreased cecal bacterial counts in genera Clostridium and Turicibacterium, and significantly increased Dehalobacteriaceae. At family level, Comamonadaceae significantly increased and Peptostreptococcaceae showed a negative trend. Several of these bacterial count changes correlated negatively with % atherosclerotic lesion and were associated with increased cecum weight and decreased plasma cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION Addition of α-CD to the diet of apoE-knockout mice decreases atherosclerosis and is associated with changes in the gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sakurai
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakurai
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Boris L Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo J Amar
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth G Thacker
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xue Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xujing Wang
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yubo Zhang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lita A Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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160
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Dai H, Liu X, Yan J, Aabdin ZU, Bilal MS, Shen X. Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates High-Concentrate Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Rumen Epithelium of Dairy Goats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:596-604. [PMID: 28032994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on high-concentrate diet-induced local inflammation of the rumen epithelium, 18 midlactating dairy goats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a low-concentrate diet group as the control (concentrate:forage = 4:6), a high-concentrate (HC) diet group (concentrate:forage = 6:4), and a sodium butyrate (SB) group (concentrate:forage = 6:4, with 1% SB by weight). The results showed that, with the addition of sodium butyrate, the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rumen fluid (2.62 × 104 ± 2.90 × 103 EU/mL) was significantly lower than that in the HC group (4.03 × 104 ± 2.77 × 103 EU/mL). The protein abundance of pp65, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2,9 in the rumen epithelium were significantly down-regulated by SB compared with those in the HC group. With sodium butyrate administration, the concentration of NH3-N (19.2 ± 0.890 mM) in the rumen fluid was significantly higher than that for the HC group (12.7 ± 1.38 mM). Severe disruption of the rumen epithelium induced by HC was also ameliorated by dietary SB. Therefore, local inflammation and disruption of the rumen epithelium induced by HC were alleviated with SB administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zain Ul Aabdin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Bilal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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161
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Wang F, Jin Z, Shen K, Weng T, Chen Z, Feng J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Chu M. Butyrate pretreatment attenuates heart depression in a mice model of endotoxin-induced sepsis via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 35:402-409. [PMID: 27884587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The depressed heart function is the main complication to cause death of septic patients in clinic. It is urgent to find effective interventions for this intractable disease. In this study, we investigated whether butyrate could be protective for heart against sepsis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into three groups. Model group challenged with LPS (30 mg/kg, i.p.) only. Butyrate group received butyrate (200 mg/kg·d) for 3days prior to LPS administration (30 mg/kg). Normal group received saline only. 6h and 12h after LPS administration were chosen for detection the parameters to estimate the effects or mechanism of butyrate pretreatment on heart of sepsis. RESULTS The data showed that septic heart depression was attenuated by butyrate pretreatment through improvement of heart function depression (P<0.01) and reduction of morphological changes of myocardium. The overexpression of proinflammatory factors, TNF-α, IL-6 and LTB4, in heart tissues induced by sepsis was significantly alleviated by butyrate pretreatment (P<0.01). As oxidative stress indicators, SOD and CAT activity, and MDA content in heart were deteriorated by LPS challenge, which was noticeably ameliorated by butyrate pretreatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, pretreatment with butyrate attenuated septic heart depression via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China; Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zengyou Jin
- Department of Pediatrics of The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiyi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhisong Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiahui Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China.
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162
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Bowel movement frequency and cardiovascular mortality, a matter of fibers and oxidative stress? Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:278-280. [PMID: 27594542 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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163
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the development of pharmacotherapies to treat CVD has contributed to a decline in cardiac mortality in the past few decades, CVD is estimated to be the cause of one-third of deaths globally. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds that are beneficial for the prevention or treatment of disease and, therefore, are a possible therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this Review is to highlight potential nutraceuticals for use as antiatherogenic therapies with evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the current evidence from observational and randomized clinical studies into the role of nutraceuticals in preventing atherosclerosis in humans will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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164
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Aguilar EC, Santos LCD, Leonel AJ, de Oliveira JS, Santos EA, Navia-Pelaez JM, da Silva JF, Mendes BP, Capettini LSA, Teixeira LG, Lemos VS, Alvarez-Leite JI. Oral butyrate reduces oxidative stress in atherosclerotic lesion sites by a mechanism involving NADPH oxidase down-regulation in endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:99-105. [PMID: 27261536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate is a 4-carbon fatty acid that has antiinflammatory and antioxidative properties. It has been demonstrated that butyrate is able to reduce atherosclerotic development in animal models by reducing inflammatory factors. However, the contribution of its antioxidative effects of butyrate on atherogenesis has not yet been studied. We investigated the influence of butyrate on oxidative status, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and oxidative enzymes (NADPH oxidase and iNOS) in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE(-/-) mice and in oxLDL-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and endothelial cells (EA.hy926). The lesion area in aorta was reduced while in the aortic valve, although lesion area was unaltered, superoxide production and protein nitrosylation were reduced in butyrate-supplemented mice. Peritoneal macrophages from the butyrate group presented a lower free radical release after zymosan stimulus. When endothelial cells were pretreated with butyrate before oxLDL stimulus, the CCL-2 and superoxide ion productions and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox were reduced. In macrophage cultures, in addition to a reduction in ROS release, nitric oxide and iNOS expression were down-regulated. The data suggest that one mechanism related to the effect of butyrate on atherosclerotic development is the reduction of oxidative stress in the lesion site. The reduction of oxidative stress related to NADPH oxidase and iNOS expression levels associated to butyrate supplementation attenuates endothelium dysfunction and macrophage migration and activation in the lesion site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil C Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | | | - Alda J Leonel
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Virginia S Lemos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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165
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Richards L, Li M, van Esch B, Garssen J, Folkerts G. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the cardiovascular system. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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166
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Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced inflammatory cytokines production in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 770:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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167
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Borriello A, Naviglio S, Bencivenga D, Caldarelli I, Tramontano A, Speranza MC, Stampone E, Sapio L, Negri A, Oliva A, Sinisi AA, Spina A, Della Ragione F. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Increase p27(Kip1) by Affecting Its Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation through Skp2 Downregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:2481865. [PMID: 26682002 PMCID: PMC4670678 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2481865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent an intriguing class of pharmacologically active compounds. Currently, some HDACIs are FDA approved for cancer therapy and many others are in clinical trials, showing important clinical activities at well tolerated doses. HDACIs also interfere with the aging process and are involved in the control of inflammation and oxidative stress. In vitro, HDACIs induce different cellular responses including growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of HDACIs on p27(Kip1), a key cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI). We observed that HDACI-dependent antiproliferative activity is associated with p27(Kip1) accumulation due to a reduced protein degradation. p27(Kip1) removal requires a preliminary ubiquitination step due to the Skp2-SCF E3 ligase complex. We demonstrated that HDACIs increase p27(Kip1) stability through downregulation of Skp2 protein levels. Skp2 decline is only partially due to a reduced Skp2 gene expression. Conversely, the protein decrease is more profound and enduring compared to the changes of Skp2 transcript. This argues for HDACIs effects on Skp2 protein posttranslational modifications and/or on its removal. In summary, we demonstrate that HDACIs increase p27(Kip1) by hampering its nuclear ubiquitination/degradation. The findings might be of relevance in the phenotypic effects of these compounds, including their anticancer and aging-modulating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Borriello
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caldarelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Tramontano
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Speranza
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aide Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Adriana Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Agostino Sinisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiotoraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
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168
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Nilsson J, Lichtman A, Tedgui A. Atheroprotective immunity and cardiovascular disease: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. J Intern Med 2015; 278:507-19. [PMID: 25659809 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging knowledge of the role of atheroprotective immune responses in modulating inflammation and tissue repair in atherosclerotic lesions has provided promising opportunities to develop novel therapies directly targeting the disease process in the artery wall. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have a protective role through release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of autoreactive effector T cells. Studies in experimental animals have shown that blocking the generation or action of Treg cells is associated with more aggressive development of atherosclerosis. Conversely, cell transfer and other approaches to expand Treg cell populations in vivo result in reduced atherosclerosis. There have been relatively few clinical studies of Treg cells and cardiovascular disease, but the available evidence also supports a protective function. These observations have raised hope that it may be possible to develop therapies that act by enforcing the suppressive activities of Treg cells in atherosclerotic lesions. One approach to achieve this goal has been through development of vaccines that stimulate immunological tolerance for plaque antigens. Several pilot vaccines based on LDL-derived antigens have demonstrated promising results in preclinical testing. If such therapies can be shown to be effective also in clinical trials, this could have an important impact on cardiovascular prevention and treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mode of action of atheroprotective immunity and of the ways to stimulate such pathways in experimental settings. The challenges in translating this knowledge into the clinical setting are also discussed within the perspective of the experience of introducing immune-based therapies for other chronic noninfectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nilsson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Tedgui
- INSERM U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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169
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Khan S, Jena G. Sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor ameliorates eNOS, iNOS and TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, apoptosis and DNA damage in the kidney of juvenile diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 73:127-39. [PMID: 25158305 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports highlighted the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the exact molecular mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors ameliorate DN still remain unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) in diabetes-induced renal damages, apoptosis and fibrosis in juvenile rats. Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ (60mg/kg), whereas NaB (500mg/kg/day) was administrated for 21days by i.p. route in a pre- and post-treatment schedule. End-points of evaluation included biochemical estimation, histology, protein expression as well as apoptosis and DNA damage examinations. Post-treatment with NaB significantly decreased plasma glucose, creatinine, urea, histological alterations including the fibrosis and collagen deposition as well as decreased the HDACs activity, expression of eNOS, iNOS, α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, TGFβ-1, NFκB, apoptosis and DNA damage in the diabetic kidney. These results showed that NaB treatment improved the renal function and ameliorated the histological alterations, fibrosis, apoptosis and DNA damage in the kidney of juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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