151
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Serine 25 phosphorylation inhibits RIPK1 kinase-dependent cell death in models of infection and inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1729. [PMID: 30988283 PMCID: PMC6465317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RIPK1 regulates cell death and inflammation through kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. As a scaffold, RIPK1 inhibits caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis. As a kinase, RIPK1 paradoxically induces these cell death modalities. The molecular switch between RIPK1 pro-survival and pro-death functions remains poorly understood. We identify phosphorylation of RIPK1 on Ser25 by IKKs as a key mechanism directly inhibiting RIPK1 kinase activity and preventing TNF-mediated RIPK1-dependent cell death. Mimicking Ser25 phosphorylation (S > D mutation) protects cells and mice from the cytotoxic effect of TNF in conditions of IKK inhibition. In line with their roles in IKK activation, TNF-induced Ser25 phosphorylation of RIPK1 is defective in TAK1- or SHARPIN-deficient cells and restoring phosphorylation protects these cells from TNF-induced death. Importantly, mimicking Ser25 phosphorylation compromises the in vivo cell death-dependent immune control of Yersinia infection, a physiological model of TAK1/IKK inhibition, and rescues the cell death-induced multi-organ inflammatory phenotype of the SHARPIN-deficient mice.
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152
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Hamilton GL, Chen H, Deshmukh G, Eigenbrot C, Fong R, Johnson A, Kohli PB, Lupardus PJ, Liederer BM, Ramaswamy S, Wang H, Wang J, Xu Z, Zhu Y, Vucic D, Patel S. Potent and selective inhibitors of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 that lack an aromatic back pocket group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1497-1501. [PMID: 31000154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key component of the cellular necroptosis pathway, has gained recognition as an important therapeutic target. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic inactivation of RIPK1 has shown promise in animal models of disease ranging from acute ischemic conditions, chronic inflammation, and neurodegeneration. We present here a class of RIPK1 inhibitors that is distinguished by a lack of a lipophilic aromatic group present in most literature inhibitors that typically occupies a hydrophobic back pocket of the protein active site. Despite not having this ubiquitous feature of many known RIPK1 inhibitors, we were able to obtain compounds with good potency, kinase selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties in rats. The use of the lipophilic yet metabolically stable pentafluoroethyl group was critical to balancing the potency and properties of optimized analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huifen Chen
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gauri Deshmukh
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Rina Fong
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Adam Johnson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pawan Bir Kohli
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Haowei Wang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jian Wang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zhaowu Xu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yunliang Zhu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Snahel Patel
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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153
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Du HC, Simmons N, Faver JC, Yu Z, Palaniappan M, Riehle K, Matzuk MM. A Mild, DNA-Compatible Nitro Reduction Using B 2(OH) 4. Org Lett 2019; 21:2194-2199. [PMID: 30860855 PMCID: PMC6457042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A hypodiboric
acid system for the reduction of nitro groups on
DNA–chemical conjugates has been developed. This transformation
provided good to excellent yields of the reduced amine product for
a variety of functionalized aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic
nitro compounds. DNA tolerance to reaction conditions, extension to
decigram scale reductions, successful use in a DNA-encoded chemical
library synthesis, and subsequent target selection are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chi Du
- Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Nicholas Simmons
- Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - John C Faver
- Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Murugesan Palaniappan
- Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Kevin Riehle
- Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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154
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Yuen LH, Dana S, Liu Y, Bloom SI, Thorsell AG, Neri D, Donato AJ, Kireev D, Schüler H, Franzini RM. A Focused DNA-Encoded Chemical Library for the Discovery of Inhibitors of NAD+-Dependent Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5169-5181. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lik Hang Yuen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Srikanta Dana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, United States
| | - Samuel I. Bloom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, United States
| | - Ann-Gerd Thorsell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7c, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, United States
| | - Dmitri Kireev
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Herwig Schüler
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7c, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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155
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Zhou T, Wang Q, Phan N, Ren J, Yang H, Feldman CC, Feltenberger JB, Ye Z, Wildman SA, Tang W, Liu B. Identification of a novel class of RIP1/RIP3 dual inhibitors that impede cell death and inflammation in mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm models. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:226. [PMID: 30842407 PMCID: PMC6403222 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein kinase-1 and -3 (RIP1 and RIP3) are essential mediators of cell death processes and participate in inflammatory responses. Our group recently demonstrated that gene deletion of Rip3 or pharmacological inhibition of RIP1 attenuated pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a life-threatening degenerative vascular disease characterized by depletion of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), inflammation, negative extracellular matrix remodeling, and progressive expansion of aorta. The goal of this study was to develop drug candidates for AAA and other disease conditions involving cell death and inflammation. We screened 1141 kinase inhibitors for their ability to block necroptosis using the RIP1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s) as a selection baseline. Positive compounds were further screened for cytotoxicity and virtual binding to RIP3. A cluster of top hits, represented by GSK2593074A (GSK'074), displayed structural similarity to the established RIP3 inhibitor GSK'843. In multiple cell types including mouse SMCs, fibroblasts (L929), bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM), and human colon epithelial cells (HT29), GSK'074 inhibited necroptosis with an IC50 of ~3 nM. Furthermore, GSK'074, but not Nec-1s, blocked cytokine production by SMCs. Biochemical analyses identified both RIP1 and RIP3 as the biological targets of GSK'074. Unlike GSK'843 which causes profound apoptosis at high doses (>3 µM), GSK'074 showed no detectable cytotoxicity even at 20 µM. Daily intraperitoneal injection of GSK'074 at 0.93 mg/kg significantly attenuated aortic expansion in two mouse models of AAA (calcium phosphate: DMSO 66.06 ± 9.17% vs GSK'074 27.36 ± 8.25%, P < 0.05; Angiotensin II: DMSO 85.39 ± 15.76% vs GSK'074 36.28 ± 5.76%, P < 0.05). Histologically, GSK'074 treatment diminished cell death and macrophage infiltration in aneurysm-prone aortae. Together, our data suggest that GSK'074 represents a new class of necroptosis inhibitors with dual targeting ability to both RIP1 and RIP3. The high potency and minimum cytotoxicity make GSK'074 a desirable drug candidate of pharmacological therapies to attenuate AAA progression and other necroptosis related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Noel Phan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Conner C Feldman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - John B Feltenberger
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhengqing Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Scott A Wildman
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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156
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Phelan JP, Lang SB, Sim J, Berritt S, Peat AJ, Billings K, Fan L, Molander GA. Open-Air Alkylation Reactions in Photoredox-Catalyzed DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3723-3732. [PMID: 30753065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is a powerful tool commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry for the identification of compounds with affinity to biomolecular targets. Success in this endeavor lies in sampling diverse chemical libraries. However, current DELs tend to be deficient in C(sp3) carbon counts. We report unique solutions to the challenge of increasing both the chemical diversity of these libraries and their C(sp3) carbon counts by merging Ni/photoredox dual catalytic C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling as well as photoredox-catalyzed radical/polar crossover alkylation protocols with DELs. The successful integration of multiple classes of radical sources enables the rapid incorporation of a diverse set of alkyl fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Phelan
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Simon B Lang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Andrew J Peat
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Katelyn Billings
- GlaxoSmithKline , 200 Cambridge Park Drive , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02140 , United States
| | - Lijun Fan
- GlaxoSmithKline , 200 Cambridge Park Drive , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02140 , United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
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157
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Faver JC, Riehle K, Lancia DR, Milbank JBJ, Kollmann CS, Simmons N, Yu Z, Matzuk MM. Quantitative Comparison of Enrichment from DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Selections. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:75-82. [PMID: 30672692 PMCID: PMC6372980 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
DNA-encoded
chemical libraries (DELs) provide a high-throughput
and cost-effective route for screening billions of unique molecules
for binding affinity for diverse protein targets. Identifying candidate
compounds from these libraries involves affinity selection, DNA sequencing,
and measuring enrichment in a sample pool of DNA barcodes. Successful
detection of potent binders is affected by many factors, including
selection parameters, chemical yields, library amplification, sequencing
depth, sequencing errors, library sizes, and the chosen enrichment
metric. To date, there has not been a clear consensus about how enrichment
from DEL selections should be measured or reported. We propose a normalized z-score enrichment metric using a binomial distribution
model that satisfies important criteria that are relevant for analysis
of DEL selection data. The introduced metric is robust with respect
to library diversity and sampling and allows for quantitative comparisons
of enrichment of n-synthons from parallel DEL selections.
These features enable a comparative enrichment analysis strategy that can
provide valuable information about hit compounds in early stage drug
discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. Lancia
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Jared B. J. Milbank
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Christopher S. Kollmann
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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158
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Zhu Z, Grady LC, Ding Y, Lind KE, Davie CP, Phelps CB, Evindar G. Development of a Selection Method for Discovering Irreversible (Covalent) Binders from a DNA-Encoded Library. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2019; 24:169-174. [PMID: 30383465 PMCID: PMC7221453 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218808454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have been broadly applied to identify chemical probes for target validation and lead discovery. To date, the main application of the DEL platform has been the identification of reversible ligands using multiple rounds of affinity selection. Irreversible (covalent) inhibition offers a unique mechanism of action for drug discovery research. In this study, we report a developing method of identifying irreversible (covalent) ligands from DELs. The new method was validated by using 3C protease (3CP) and on-DNA irreversible tool compounds (rupintrivir derivatives) spiked into a library at the same concentration as individual members of that library. After affinity selections against 3CP, the irreversible tool compounds were specifically enriched compared with the library members. In addition, we compared two immobilization methods and concluded that microscale columns packed with the appropriate affinity resin gave higher tool compound recovery than magnetic beads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yun Ding
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
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159
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Srinivasulu V, Shehadeh I, Khanfar MA, Malik OG, Tarazi H, Abu-Yousef IA, Sebastian A, Baniowda N, O’Connor MJ, Al-Tel TH. One-Pot Synthesis of Diverse Collections of Benzoxazepine and Indolopyrazine Fused to Heterocyclic Systems. J Org Chem 2018; 84:934-948. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Imad A. Abu-Yousef
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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160
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Pan P, Cai Z, Zhuang C, Chen X, Chai Y. Methodology of drug screening and target identification for new necroptosis inhibitors. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:71-76. [PMID: 31011462 PMCID: PMC6460297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis has been considered as the only form of regulated cell death for a long time. However, a novel form of programmed cell death called necroptosis was recently reported. The process of necroptosis is regulated and plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of multiple human diseases. Thus, the study on the molecular mechanism of necroptosis and its effective inhibitors has been an attractive field for researchers. Herein, we introduce the molecular mechanism of necroptosis and focus on the literature about necroptosis drug screening in recent years. In addition, the identification of the critical drug targets of the necroptosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, 366 Qianju Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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161
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Wang W, Marinis JM, Beal AM, Savadkar S, Wu Y, Khan M, Taunk PS, Wu N, Su W, Wu J, Ahsan A, Kurz E, Chen T, Yaboh I, Li F, Gutierrez J, Diskin B, Hundeyin M, Reilly M, Lich JD, Harris PA, Mahajan MK, Thorpe JH, Nassau P, Mosley JE, Leinwand J, Kochen Rossi JA, Mishra A, Aykut B, Glacken M, Ochi A, Verma N, Kim JI, Vasudevaraja V, Adeegbe D, Almonte C, Bagdatlioglu E, Cohen DJ, Wong KK, Bertin J, Miller G. RIP1 Kinase Drives Macrophage-Mediated Adaptive Immune Tolerance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:757-774.e7. [PMID: 30423296 PMCID: PMC6836726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by immune tolerance and immunotherapeutic resistance. We discovered upregulation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in PDA. To study its role in oncogenic progression, we developed a selective small-molecule RIP1 inhibitor with high in vivo exposure. Targeting RIP1 reprogrammed TAMs toward an MHCIIhiTNFα+IFNγ+ immunogenic phenotype in a STAT1-dependent manner. RIP1 inhibition in TAMs resulted in cytotoxic T cell activation and T helper cell differentiation toward a mixed Th1/Th17 phenotype, leading to tumor immunity in mice and in organotypic models of human PDA. Targeting RIP1 synergized with PD1-and inducible co-stimulator-based immunotherapies. Tumor-promoting effects of RIP1 were independent of its co-association with RIP3. Collectively, our work describes RIP1 as a checkpoint kinase governing tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jill M Marinis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Allison M Beal
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Shivraj Savadkar
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mohammed Khan
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pardeep S Taunk
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenyu Su
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jingjing Wu
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aarif Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Emma Kurz
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Inedouye Yaboh
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Johana Gutierrez
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian Diskin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mautin Hundeyin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Reilly
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - John D Lich
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Philip A Harris
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Mukesh K Mahajan
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - James H Thorpe
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Pamela Nassau
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Julie E Mosley
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Joshua Leinwand
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Juan A Kochen Rossi
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ankita Mishra
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Berk Aykut
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Glacken
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Atsuo Ochi
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Narendra Verma
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Kim
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Varshini Vasudevaraja
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dennis Adeegbe
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christina Almonte
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ece Bagdatlioglu
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Deirdre J Cohen
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Nganga R, Oleinik N, Kim J, Selvam SP, De Palma R, Johnson KA, Parikh RY, Gangaraju V, Peterson Y, Dany M, Stahelin RV, Voelkel-Johnson C, Szulc ZM, Bieberich E, Ogretmen B. Receptor-interacting Ser/Thr kinase 1 (RIPK1) and myosin IIA-dependent ceramidosomes form membrane pores that mediate blebbing and necroptosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:502-519. [PMID: 30420430 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of membrane pores/channels regulates various cellular processes, such as necroptosis or stem cell niche signaling. However, the roles of membrane lipids in the formation of pores and their biological functions are largely unknown. Here, using the cellular stress model evoked by the sphingolipid analog drug FTY720, we show that formation of ceramide-enriched membrane pores, referred to here as ceramidosomes, is initiated by a receptor-interacting Ser/Thr kinase 1 (RIPK1)-ceramide complex transported to the plasma membrane by nonmuscle myosin IIA-dependent trafficking in human lung cancer cells. Molecular modeling/simulation coupled with site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Asp147 or Asn169 of RIPK1 are key for ceramide binding and that Arg258 or Leu293 residues are involved in the myosin IIA interaction, leading to ceramidosome formation and necroptosis. Moreover, generation of ceramidosomes independently of any external drug/stress stimuli was also detected in the plasma membrane of germ line stem cells in ovaries during the early stages of oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster Inhibition of ceramidosome formation via myosin IIA silencing limited germ line stem cell signaling and abrogated oogenesis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the RIPK1-ceramide complex forms large membrane pores we named ceramidosomes. They further suggest that, in addition to their roles in stress-mediated necroptosis, these ceramide-enriched pores also regulate membrane integrity and signaling and might also play a role in D. melanogaster ovary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Nganga
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Natalia Oleinik
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Jisun Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Shanmugam Panneer Selvam
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Ryan De Palma
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Kristen A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, 46617
| | - Rasesh Y Parikh
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Vamsi Gangaraju
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Yuri Peterson
- the College of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
| | - Mohammed Dany
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | | | - Erhard Bieberich
- the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, and.,the Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and .,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
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163
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Sarhan M, Land WG, Tonnus W, Hugo CP, Linkermann A. Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:727-780. [PMID: 29465288 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the interstitium and thereby represent the strongest known trigger of the immune system. With our increasing understanding of necrosis as a regulated and genetically determined process (RN, regulated necrosis), necrosis and necroinflammation can be pharmacologically prevented. This review discusses our current knowledge about signaling pathways of necrotic cell death as the origin of necroinflammation. Multiple pathways of RN such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis have been evolutionary conserved most likely because of their differences in immunogenicity. As the consequence of necrosis, however, all necrotic cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that have been extensively investigated over the last two decades. Analysis of necroinflammation allows characterizing specific signatures for each particular pathway of cell death. While all RN-pathways share the release of DAMPs in general, most of them actively regulate the immune system by the additional expression and/or maturation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, DAMPs have been demonstrated to modulate the process of regeneration. For the purpose of better understanding of necroinflammation, we introduce a novel classification of DAMPs in this review to help detect the relative contribution of each RN-pathway to certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Walter G Land
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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164
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Li JY, Huang H. Development of DNA-Compatible Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction in Aqueous Media. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3841-3846. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yuan Li
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hongbing Huang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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165
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Boström J, Brown DG, Young RJ, Keserü GM. Expanding the medicinal chemistry synthetic toolbox. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:709-727. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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166
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Neri D, Lerner RA. DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries: A Selection System Based on Endowing Organic Compounds with Amplifiable Information. Annu Rev Biochem 2018; 87:479-502. [PMID: 29328784 PMCID: PMC6080696 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of organic ligands that bind specifically to proteins is a central problem in chemistry, biology, and the biomedical sciences. The encoding of individual organic molecules with distinctive DNA tags, serving as amplifiable identification bar codes, allows the construction and screening of combinatorial libraries of unprecedented size, thus facilitating the discovery of ligands to many different protein targets. Fundamentally, one links powers of genetics and chemical synthesis. After the initial description of DNA-encoded chemical libraries in 1992, several experimental embodiments of the technology have been reduced to practice. This review provides a historical account of important milestones in the development of DNA-encoded chemical libraries, a survey of relevant ongoing research activities, and a glimpse into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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167
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Regulation of a distinct activated RIPK1 intermediate bridging complex I and complex II in TNFα-mediated apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5944-E5953. [PMID: 29891719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806973115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of cells with TNFα can promote distinct cell death pathways, including RIPK1-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA)-the latter of which we still know little about. Here we show that RDA involves the rapid formation of a distinct detergent-insoluble, highly ubiquitinated, and activated RIPK1 pool, termed "iuRIPK1." iuRIPK1 forms after RIPK1 activation in TNF-receptor-associated complex I, and before cytosolic complex II formation and caspase activation. To identify regulators of iuRIPK1 formation and RIPK1 activation in RDA, we conducted a targeted siRNA screen of 1,288 genes. We found that NEK1, whose loss-of-function mutations have been identified in 3% of ALS patients, binds to activated RIPK1 and restricts RDA by negatively regulating formation of iuRIPK1, while LRRK2, a kinase implicated in Parkinson's disease, promotes RIPK1 activation and association with complex I in RDA. Further, the E3 ligases APC11 and c-Cbl promote RDA, and c-Cbl is recruited to complex I in RDA, where it promotes prodeath K63-ubiquitination of RIPK1 to lead to iuRIPK1 formation. Finally, we show that two different modes of necroptosis induction by TNFα exist which are differentially regulated by iuRIPK1 formation. Overall, this work reveals a distinct mechanism of RIPK1 activation that mediates the signaling mechanism of RDA as well as a type of necroptosis.
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168
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Leveridge M, Chung CW, Gross JW, Phelps CB, Green D. Integration of Lead Discovery Tactics and the Evolution of the Lead Discovery Toolbox. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:881-897. [PMID: 29874524 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218778503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There has been much debate around the success rates of various screening strategies to identify starting points for drug discovery. Although high-throughput target-based and phenotypic screening has been the focus of this debate, techniques such as fragment screening, virtual screening, and DNA-encoded library screening are also increasingly reported as a source of new chemical equity. Here, we provide examples in which integration of more than one screening approach has improved the campaign outcome and discuss how strengths and weaknesses of various methods can be used to build a complementary toolbox of approaches, giving researchers the greatest probability of successfully identifying leads. Among others, we highlight case studies for receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and the bromo- and extra-terminal domain family of bromodomains. In each example, the unique insight or chemistries individual approaches provided are described, emphasizing the synergy of information obtained from the various tactics employed and the particular question each tactic was employed to answer. We conclude with a short prospective discussing how screening strategies are evolving, what this screening toolbox might look like in the future, how to maximize success through integration of multiple tactics, and scenarios that drive selection of one combination of tactics over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Leveridge
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Gross
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Christopher B Phelps
- 3 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darren Green
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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169
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Bryan MC, Rajapaksa NS. Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Immunological Disorders: Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9030-9058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian C. Bryan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Naomi S. Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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170
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Favalli N, Bassi G, Scheuermann J, Neri D. DNA-encoded chemical libraries - achievements and remaining challenges. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2168-2180. [PMID: 29683493 PMCID: PMC6126621 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) are collections of compounds, individually coupled to DNA tags serving as amplifiable identification barcodes. Since individual compounds can be identified by the associated DNA tag, they can be stored as a mixture, allowing the synthesis and screening of combinatorial libraries of unprecedented size, facilitated by the implementation of split-and-pool synthetic procedures or other experimental methodologies. In this review, we briefly present relevant concepts and technologies, which are required for the implementation and interpretation of screening procedures with DNA-encoded chemical libraries. Moreover, we illustrate some success stories, detailing how novel ligands were discovered from encoded libraries. Finally, we critically review what can realistically be achieved with the technology at the present time, highlighting challenges and opportunities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Favalli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Gabriele Bassi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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171
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Necroptosis promotes cell-autonomous activation of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:500. [PMID: 29703889 PMCID: PMC5923285 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a form of regulated necrotic cell death, is mediated by receptor interacting protein 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). However, the mechanism by which necroptosis promotes inflammation is still unclear. Here we report that the expression of cytokines is robustly upregulated in a cell-autonomous manner during necroptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We demonstrate that TNFα-induced necroptosis leads to two waves of cytokine production. The first wave, more transient and weaker than the second, is in response to TNFα alone; whereas the second wave depends upon the necroptotic signaling. We show that necroptosis promotes the transcription of TNFα-target genes in a cell-intrinsic manner. The activation of both NF-κB and p38 by the necroptotic machinery, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, is involved in mediating the robust induction of cytokine expression in the second wave. In contrast, necroptosis induced by direct oligomerization of MLKL promotes cytokine production at much lower levels than that of necroptosis induced with TNFα. Thus, we conclude that TNFα-induced necroptosis signaling events mediated by RIPK1 and RIPK3 activation, in addition to the MLKL oligomerization, promotes the expression of cytokines involving multiple intracellular signaling mechanisms including NF-κB pathway and p38. These findings reveal that the necroptotic cell death machinery mounts an immune response by promoting cell-autonomous production of cytokines. Our study provides insights into the mechanism by which necroptosis promotes inflammation in human diseases.
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172
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Bolognese AC, Yang WL, Hansen LW, Denning NL, Nicastro JM, Coppa GF, Wang P. Inhibition of necroptosis attenuates lung injury and improves survival in neonatal sepsis. Surgery 2018; 164:S0039-6060(18)30096-5. [PMID: 29709367 PMCID: PMC6204110 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis represents a unique therapeutic challenge owing to an immature immune system. Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that has been identified as an important mechanism of inflammation-induced cell death. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 plays a key role in mediating this process. We hypothesized that pharmacologic blockade of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 activity would be protective in neonatal sepsis. METHODS Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mouse pups (5-7 days old) by intraperitoneal injection of adult cecal slurry. At 1 hour after cecal slurry injection, the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (10 µg/g body weight) or vehicle (5% dimethyl sulfoxide in phosphate buffered saline) was administered via retro-orbital injection. At 20 hours after cecal slurry injection, blood and lung tissues were collected for various analyses. RESULTS At 20 hours after sepsis induction, vehicle-treated pups showed a marked increase in serum levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 18 compared to sham. With necrostatin-1 treatment, serum levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 18 were decreased by 77%, 81%, and 63%, respectively, compared to vehicle. In the lungs, sepsis induction resulted in a 232-, 10-, and 2.8-fold increase in interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 18 mRNA levels compared to sham, while necrostatin-1 treatment decreased these levels to 40-, 4-, and 0.8-fold, respectively. Expressions of the neutrophil chemokines keratinocyte chemoattractant and macrophage-inflammatory-protein-2 were also increased in the lungs in sepsis, while necrostatin-1 treatment decreased these levels by 81% and 61%, respectively, compared to vehicle. In addition, necrostatin-1 treatment significantly improved the lung histologic injury score and decreased lung apoptosis in septic pups. Finally, treatment with necrostatin-1 increased the 7-day survival rate from 0% in the vehicle-treated septic pups to 29% (P = .11). CONCLUSION Inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 by necrostatin-1 decreases systemic and pulmonary inflammation, decreases lung injury, and increases survival in neonatal mice with sepsis. Targeting the necroptosis pathway might represent a new therapeutic strategy for neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Bolognese
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY; Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY; Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Laura W Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Naomi-Liza Denning
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY; Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Jeffrey M Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Gene F Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Ping Wang
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY; Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY.
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173
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Young RJ, Leeson PD. Mapping the Efficiency and Physicochemical Trajectories of Successful Optimizations. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6421-6467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Young
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul D. Leeson
- Paul Leeson Consulting Ltd., The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV13 6LZ, U.K
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174
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Coornaert I, Hofmans S, Devisscher L, Augustyns K, Van Der Veken P, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W. Novel drug discovery strategies for atherosclerosis that target necrosis and necroptosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:477-488. [PMID: 29598451 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1457644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Formation and enlargement of a necrotic core play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. Since the discovery of necroptosis, which is a regulated form of necrosis, prevention of necrotic cell death has become an attractive therapeutic goal to reduce plaque formation. Areas covered: This review highlights the triggers and consequences of (unregulated) necrosis and necroptosis in atherosclerosis. The authors discuss different pharmacological strategies to inhibit necrotic cell death in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Expert opinion: Addition of a necrosis or necroptosis inhibitor to standard statin therapy could be a promising strategy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, a necrosis inhibitor cannot block all necrosis stimuli in atherosclerotic plaques. A necroptosis inhibitor could be more effective, because necroptosis is mediated by specific proteins, termed receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases (RIPK) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). Currently, only RIPK1 inhibitors have been successfully used in atherosclerotic mouse models to inhibit necroptosis. However, because RIPK1 is involved in both necroptosis and apoptosis, and also RIPK1-independent necroptosis can occur, we feel that targeting RIPK3 and MLKL could be a more attractive therapeutic approach to inhibit necroptosis. Therefore, future challenges will consist of developing RIPK3 and MLKL inhibitors applicable in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Coornaert
- a Laboratory of Physiopharmacology , University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Sam Hofmans
- b Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Lars Devisscher
- b Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- b Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | | | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- a Laboratory of Physiopharmacology , University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- a Laboratory of Physiopharmacology , University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
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175
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways have been successfully targeted to inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis for cancer therapy. However, kinase deregulation has been firmly demonstrated to play an essential role in virtually all major disease areas. Kinase inhibitor drug discovery programmes have recently broadened their focus to include an expanded range of kinase targets and therapeutic areas. In this Review, we provide an overview of the novel targets, biological processes and disease areas that kinase-targeting small molecules are being developed against, highlight the associated challenges and assess the strategies and technologies that are enabling efficient generation of highly optimized kinase inhibitors.
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176
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Yoshikawa M, Saitoh M, Katoh T, Seki T, Bigi SV, Shimizu Y, Ishii T, Okai T, Kuno M, Hattori H, Watanabe E, Saikatendu KS, Zou H, Nakakariya M, Tatamiya T, Nakada Y, Yogo T. Discovery of 7-Oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6 H-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine Derivatives as Potent, Orally Available, and Brain-Penetrating Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Kinase Inhibitors: Analysis of Structure-Kinetic Relationships. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2384-2409. [PMID: 29485864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of 7-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6 H-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine derivatives as a novel class of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) kinase inhibitors. On the basis of the overlay study between HTS hit 10 and GSK2982772 (6) in RIP1 kinase, we designed and synthesized a novel class of RIP1 kinase inhibitor 11 possessing moderate RIP1 kinase inhibitory activity and P-gp mediated efflux. The optimization of the core structure and the exploration of appropriate substituents utilizing SBDD approach led to the discovery of 22, a highly potent, orally available, and brain-penetrating RIP1 kinase inhibitor with excellent PK profiles. Compound 22 significantly suppressed necroptotic cell death both in mouse and human cells. Oral administration of 22 (10 mg/kg, bid) attenuated disease progression in the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, analysis of structure-kinetic relationship (SKR) for our novel chemical series was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoshikawa
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Morihisa Saitoh
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Taisuke Katoh
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Simone V Bigi
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals , 10410 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Takuro Okai
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Masako Kuno
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Harumi Hattori
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Etsuro Watanabe
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Kumar S Saikatendu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals , 10410 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Hua Zou
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals , 10410 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Masanori Nakakariya
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Tatamiya
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakada
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yogo
- Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
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177
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Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIPK1/3) have best been described for their role in mediating a regulated form of necrosis, referred to as necroptosis. During this process, RIPK3 phosphorylates mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) to cause plasma membrane rupture. RIPK3-deficient mice have recently been demonstrated to be protected in a series of disease models, but direct evidence for activation of necroptosis in vivo is still limited. Here, we sought to further examine the activation of necroptosis in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and from TNFα-induced severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), two models of RIPK3-dependent injury. In both models, MLKL-ko mice were significantly protected from injury to a degree that was slightly, but statistically significantly exceeding that of RIPK3-deficient mice. We also demonstrated, for the first time, accumulation of pMLKL in the necrotic tubules of human patients with acute kidney injury. However, our data also uncovered unexpected elevation of blood flow in MLKL-ko animals, which may be relevant to IRI and should be considered in the future. To further understand the mode of regulation of cell death by MLKL, we screened a panel of clinical plasma membrane channel blockers and we found phenytoin to inhibit necroptosis. However, we further found that phenytoin attenuated RIPK1 kinase activity in vitro, likely due to the hydantoin scaffold also present in necrostatin-1, and blocked upstream necrosome formation steps in the cells undergoing necroptosis. We further report that this clinically used anti-convulsant drug displayed protection from kidney IRI and TNFα-induces SIRS in vivo. Overall, our data reveal the relevance of RIPK3-pMLKL regulation for acute kidney injury and identifies an FDA-approved drug that may be useful for immediate clinical evaluation of inhibition of pro-death RIPK1/RIPK3 activities in human diseases.
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178
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Naveen N, Sengupta S, Chandrasekaran S. Metal-Free S-Arylation of Cysteine Using Arenediazonium Salts. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3562-3569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naganaboina Naveen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India 560012
| | - Saumitra Sengupta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India 560012
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179
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Hofmans S, Devisscher L, Martens S, Van Rompaey D, Goossens K, Divert T, Nerinckx W, Takahashi N, De Winter H, Van Der Veken P, Goossens V, Vandenabeele P, Augustyns K. Tozasertib Analogues as Inhibitors of Necroptotic Cell Death. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1895-1920. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hofmans
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk-Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Lars Devisscher
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk-Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Sofie Martens
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Dries Van Rompaey
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk-Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Goossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk-Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Tatyana Divert
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Wim Nerinckx
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L.-Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk-Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk-Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Vera Goossens
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk-Antwerp 2610, Belgium
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180
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Martens S, Goossens V, Devisscher L, Hofmans S, Claeys P, Vuylsteke M, Takahashi N, Augustyns K, Vandenabeele P. RIPK1-dependent cell death: a novel target of the Aurora kinase inhibitor Tozasertib (VX-680). Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:211. [PMID: 29434255 PMCID: PMC5833749 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Aurora kinase family (Aurora A, B and C) are crucial regulators of several mitotic events, including cytokinesis. Increased expression of these kinases is associated with tumorigenesis and several compounds targeting Aurora kinase are under evaluation in clinical trials (a.o. AT9283, AZD1152, Danusertib, MLN8054). Here, we demonstrate that the pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor Tozasertib (VX-680 and MK-0457) not only causes cytokinesis defects through Aurora kinase inhibition, but is also a potent inhibitor of necroptosis, a cell death process regulated and executed by the RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL signalling axis. Tozasertib’s potency to inhibit RIPK1-dependent necroptosis and to block cytokinesis in cells is in the same concentration range, with an IC50 of 1.06 µM and 0.554 µM, respectively. A structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis of 67 Tozasertib analogues, modified at 4 different positions, allowed the identification of analogues that showed increased specificity for either cytokinesis inhibition or for necroptosis inhibition, reflecting more specific inhibition of Aurora kinase or RIPK1, respectively. These results also suggested that RIPK1 and Aurora kinases are functionally non-interacting targets of Tozasertib and its analogues. Indeed, more specific Aurora kinase inhibitors did not show any effect in necroptosis and Necrostatin-1s treatment did not result in cytokinesis defects, demonstrating that both cellular processes are not interrelated. Finally, Tozasertib inhibited recombinant human RIPK1, human Aurora A and human Aurora B kinase activity, but not RIPK3. The potency ranking of the newly derived Tozasertib analogues and their specificity profile, as observed in cellular assays, coincide with ADP-Glo recombinant kinase activity assays. Overall, we show that Tozasertib not only targets Aurora kinases but also RIPK1 independently, and that we could generate analogues with increased selectivity to RIPK1 or Aurora kinases, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Martens
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Vera Goossens
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Lars Devisscher
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Sam Hofmans
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Polien Claeys
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Marnik Vuylsteke
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Gnomixx, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.
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181
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Lee H, Pike R, Chong M, Vossenkamper A, Warnes G. Simultaneous flow cytometric immunophenotyping of necroptosis, apoptosis and RIP1-dependent apoptosis. Methods 2018; 134-135:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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182
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Suebsuwong C, Pinkas DM, Ray SS, Bufton JC, Dai B, Bullock AN, Degterev A, Cuny GD. Activation loop targeting strategy for design of receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:577-583. [PMID: 29409752 PMCID: PMC5819902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of selective kinase inhibitors remains a challenge due to considerable amino acid sequence similarity among family members particularly in the ATP binding site. Targeting the activation loop might offer improved inhibitor selectivity since this region of kinases is less conserved. However, the strategy presents difficulties due to activation loop flexibility. Herein, we report the design of receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) inhibitors based on pan-kinase inhibitor regorafenib that aim to engage basic activation loop residues Lys169 or Arg171. We report development of CSR35 that displayed >10-fold selective inhibition of RIPK2 versus VEGFR2, the target of regorafenib. A co-crystal structure of CSR35 with RIPK2 revealed a resolved activation loop with an ionic interaction between the carboxylic acid installed in the inhibitor and the side-chain of Lys169. Our data provides principle feasibility of developing activation loop targeting type II inhibitors as a complementary strategy for achieving improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalada Suebsuwong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Science and Research Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Daniel M Pinkas
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Soumya S Ray
- Stemetix Inc., 604 Webster St., Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Joshua C Bufton
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Science and Research Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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183
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Sarhan M, von Mässenhausen A, Hugo C, Oberbauer R, Linkermann A. Immunological consequences of kidney cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29371597 PMCID: PMC5833784 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Death of renal cells is central to the pathophysiology of acute tubular necrosis, autoimmunity, necrotizing glomerulonephritis, cystic kidney disease, urosepsis, delayed graft function and transplant rejection. By means of regulated necrosis, immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and highly reactive organelles such as lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria are released from the dying cells, thereby causing an overwhelming immunologic response. The rupture of the plasma membrane exhibits the "point of no return" for the immunogenicity of regulated cell death, explaining why apoptosis, a highly organized cell death subroutine with long-lasting plasma membrane integrity, elicits hardly any immune response. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent necrotic type cell death, results in the release of DAMPs and large amounts of lipid peroxides. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines are actively released from cells that die by necroptosis, limiting the DAMP-induced immune response to a surrounding microenvironment, whereas at the same time, inflammasome-associated caspases drive maturation of intracellularly expressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In a distinct setting, additionally interleukin-18 (IL-18) is expressed during pyroptosis, initiated by gasdermin-mediated plasma membrane rupture. As all of these pathways are druggable, we provide an overview of regulated necrosis in kidney diseases with a focus on immunogenicity and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne von Mässenhausen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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184
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Regulated Cell Death. DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS IN HUMAN DISEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78655-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, the various subroutines of regulated cell death are neatly described by highlighting apoptosis and subforms of regulated necrosis such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and NETosis. Typically, all forms of regulated necrosis are defined by finite rupture of the plasma cell membrane. Apoptosis is characterized by an enzymatic machinery that consists of caspases which cause the morphologic features of this type of cell death. Mechanistically, apoptosis can be instigated by two major cellular signalling pathways: an intrinsic pathway that is initiated inside cells by mitochondrial release of pro-apoptotic factors or an extrinsic pathway that is initiated at the cell surface by various death receptors. In necroptosis, the biochemical processes are distinct from those found in apoptosis; in particular, there is no caspase activation. As such, necroptosis is a kinase-mediated cell death that relies on “receptor-interacting protein kinase 3” which mediates phosphorylation of the pseudokinase “mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein.” While ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative form of regulated necrosis that is biochemically characterized by accumulation of ROS from iron metabolism, oxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation products, pyroptosis is defined as a form of cell death (predominantly of phagocytes) that develops during inflammasome activation and is executed by caspase-mediated cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D. Finally, NETosis refers to a regulated death of neutrophils that is characterized by the release of chromatin-derived weblike structures released into the extracellular space. The chapter ends up with a discussion on the characteristic feature of regulated necrosis: the passive release of large amounts of constitutive DAMPs as a consequence of final plasma membrane rupture as well as the active secretion of inducible DAMPs earlier during the dying process. Notably, per cell death subroutine, the active secretion of inducible DAMPs varies, thereby determining different immunogenicity of dying cells.
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185
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Saleh D, Degterev A. Chemical Library Screens to Identify Pharmacological Modulators of Necroptosis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1857:19-33. [PMID: 30136227 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8754-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is mediated by the formation of the detergent-insoluble necrosome complex between Ser/Thr kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3, which mediates RIPK3-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the critical necroptosis effector MLKL. Small molecule screens have been instrumental in the development of new chemical probes for this pathway. In this chapter, we describe several cellular assays that are readily amendable for the identification of new modulators of necroptosis as well as secondary assays to facilitate initial characterization of the mode of activity of small molecule hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Saleh
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Program in Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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186
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Beal AM, Bertin J, Reilly MA. Use of RIP1 Kinase Small-Molecule Inhibitors in Studying Necroptosis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1857:109-124. [PMID: 30136235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8754-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RIP1 kinase plays a key role in regulating signaling pathways downstream of a number of innate immune receptors such as TNFRI and TLRs. The discovery of Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) as a small-molecule inhibitor of RIP1 kinase has been very instrumental in defining the necroptotic and other signalling pathways regulated by RIP1, but certain characteristics of Nec-1 limits its utility in experimental systems. Next generation RIP1 kinase inhibitors have been identified and the use of these tool inhibitors along with Nec-1 has revealed that RIP1 is emerging as a key driver of inflammation and tissue injury in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Further studying the role of RIP1 to carefully unravel the complex biology requires the selection of the correct tool small-molecule inhibitors. In addition, it is important to consider the proper application of current tool inhibitors and understand the current limitiations. Here we will discuss key parameters that need to be considered when selecting and applying tool inhibitors to novel biological assays and systems. General protocols to explore the in vitro and in vivo potency, cellular selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties of current small-molecule inhibitors of RIP1 kinase are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Beal
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Reilly
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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187
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Finger JN, Brusq JM, Campobasso N, Cook MN, Deutsch J, Haag H, Harris PA, Jenkins EL, Joglekar D, Lich JD, Maguire S, Nagilla R, Rivera EJ, Sun H, Votta BJ, Bertin J, Gough PJ. Identification of an antibody-based immunoassay for measuring direct target binding of RIPK1 inhibitors in cells and tissues. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 29226625 PMCID: PMC5723705 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies that suppress RIPK1 kinase activity are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple inflammatory disorders. The ability to directly measure drug binding of a RIPK1 inhibitor to its target is critical for providing insight into pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and clinical efficacy, especially for a first‐in‐class small‐molecule inhibitor where the mechanism has yet to be explored. Here, we report a novel method for measuring drug binding to RIPK1 protein in cells and tissues. This TEAR1 (Target Engagement Assessment for RIPK1) assay is a pair of immunoassays developed on the principle of competition, whereby a first molecule (ie, drug) prevents the binding of a second molecule (ie, antibody) to the target protein. Using the TEAR1 assay, we have validated the direct binding of specific RIPK1 inhibitors in cells, blood and tissues following treatment with benzoxazepinone (BOAz) RIPK1 inhibitors. The TEAR1 assay is a valuable tool for facilitating the clinical development of the lead RIPK1 clinical candidate compound, GSK2982772, as a first‐in‐class RIPK1 inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Finger
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Brusq
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Nino Campobasso
- Structural and Biophysical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Michael N Cook
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Deutsch
- Integrated Biological Platform Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Heather Haag
- Integrated Biological Platform Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Philip A Harris
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Earl L Jenkins
- Integrated Biological Platform Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Devika Joglekar
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - John D Lich
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Sean Maguire
- Integrated Biological Platform Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Rakesh Nagilla
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Rivera
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Helen Sun
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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188
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ABIN-1 regulates RIPK1 activation by linking Met1 ubiquitylation with Lys63 deubiquitylation in TNF-RSC. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 20:58-68. [PMID: 29203883 PMCID: PMC5741489 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-017-0003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of TNFR1-signaling-complex (TNF-RSC) controls the activation of RIPK1, a kinase critically involved in mediating multiple TNFα activated deleterious events. However, the molecular mechanism that coordinates different types of ubiquitination modifications to regulate the activation of RIPK1 kinase remains unclear. Here, we show that ABIN-1/NAF-1, a ubiquitin-binding protein, is recruited rapidly into TNF-RSC in a manner dependent upon M1 ubiquitinating complex LUBAC to regulate the recruitment of A20 to control K63 deubiquitination of RIPK1. ABIN-1 deficiency reduces the recruitment of A20 and licenses cells to die through necroptosis by promoting K63 ubiquitination and activation of RIPK1 with TNFα stimulation under conditions that would otherwise exclusively activate apoptosis in wild-type cells. Inhibition of RIPK1 kinase and RIPK3 deficiency block the embryonic lethality of Abin-1−/− mice. We propose that ABIN-1 provides a critical link between M1 ubiquitination mediated by LUBAC complex and K63 deubiquitination by phospho-A20 to modulate the activation of RIPK1.
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189
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Ishii T, Okai T, Iwatani-Yoshihara M, Mochizuki M, Unno S, Kuno M, Yoshikawa M, Shibata S, Nakakariya M, Yogo T, Kawamoto T. CETSA quantitatively verifies in vivo target engagement of novel RIPK1 inhibitors in various biospecimens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13000. [PMID: 29026104 PMCID: PMC5638916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proof of target engagement (TE) is a key element for evaluating potential investment in drug development. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) is expected to facilitate direct measurement of intracellular TE at all stages of drug development. However, there have been no reports of applying this technology to comprehensive animal and clinical studies. This report demonstrates that CETSA can not only quantitatively evaluate the drug-TE in mouse peripheral blood, but also confirm TE in animal tissues exemplified by using the receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIPK1) lead compound we have developed. Our established semi-automated system allows evaluation of the structure-activity relationship using native RIPK1 in culture cell lines, and also enables estimation of drug occupancy ratio in mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, optimized tissue homogenisation enables monitoring of the in vivo drug-TE in spleen and brain. Our results indicate that CETSA methodology will provide an efficient tool for preclinical and clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Takuro Okai
- Immunology Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Misa Iwatani-Yoshihara
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Unno
- Immunology Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Kuno
- Immunology Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshikawa
- Immunology Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Sachio Shibata
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakakariya
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yogo
- Immunology Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawamoto
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
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190
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Delehouzé C, Leverrier-Penna S, Le Cann F, Comte A, Jacquard-Fevai M, Delalande O, Desban N, Baratte B, Gallais I, Faurez F, Bonnet MC, Hauteville M, Goekjian PG, Thuillier R, Favreau F, Vandenabeele P, Hauet T, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Bach S. 6E11, a highly selective inhibitor of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1, protects cells against cold hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12931. [PMID: 29018243 PMCID: PMC5635128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that has been shown to be of central pathophysiological relevance in multiple disorders (hepatitis, brain and cardiac ischemia, pancreatitis, viral infection and inflammatory diseases). Necroptosis is driven by two serine threonine kinases, RIPK1 (Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1) and RIPK3, and a pseudo-kinase MLKL (Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like) associated in a multi-protein complex called necrosome. In order to find new inhibitors for use in human therapy, a chemical library containing highly diverse chemical structures was screened using a cell-based assay. The compound 6E11, a natural product derivative, was characterized as a positive hit. Interestingly, this flavanone compound: inhibits necroptosis induced by death receptors ligands TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor) or TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand); is an extremely selective inhibitor, among kinases, of human RIPK1 enzymatic activity with a nM Kd; has a non-ATP competitive mode of action and a novel putative binding site; is weakly cytotoxic towards human primary blood leukocytes or retinal pigment epithelial cells at effective concentrations; protects human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) from cold hypoxia/reoxygenation injury more effectively than necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and Nec-1s. Altogether, these data demonstrate that 6E11 is a novel potent small molecular inhibitor of RIPK1-driven necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delehouzé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - S Leverrier-Penna
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - F Le Cann
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Comte
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, Chimiothèque, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Jacquard-Fevai
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - O Delalande
- CNRS UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - N Desban
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - B Baratte
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - I Gallais
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - F Faurez
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - M C Bonnet
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Division of Infection & Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - M Hauteville
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et Synthèse Bioorganique, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P G Goekjian
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, Laboratoire Chimie Organique 2-Glycosciences, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R Thuillier
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - F Favreau
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Hauet
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - M T Dimanche-Boitrel
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France. .,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France.
| | - S Bach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France.
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191
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Srinivasulu V, Mazitschek R, Kariem NM, Reddy A, Rabeh WM, Li L, O'Connor MJ, Al-Tel TH. Modular Bi-Directional One-Pot Strategies for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Collections of Constrained β-Carboline-Benzoxazepines. Chemistry 2017; 23:14182-14192. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research; University of Sharjah; P.O.Box 27272 Sharjah UAE
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; 185 Cambridge Street Boston MA 02114 USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Noor M. Kariem
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research; University of Sharjah; P.O.Box 27272 Sharjah UAE
| | - Amarnath Reddy
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research; University of Sharjah; P.O.Box 27272 Sharjah UAE
| | - Wael M. Rabeh
- Core Technologies Platform; New York University Abu Dhabi; P O Box 129188 Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Liang Li
- Core Technologies Platform; New York University Abu Dhabi; P O Box 129188 Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Matthew John O'Connor
- Core Technologies Platform; New York University Abu Dhabi; P O Box 129188 Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Taleb H. Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research; University of Sharjah; P.O.Box 27272 Sharjah UAE
- College of Pharmacy; University of Sharjah; P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah UAE
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192
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Le Cann F, Delehouzé C, Leverrier-Penna S, Filliol A, Comte A, Delalande O, Desban N, Baratte B, Gallais I, Piquet-Pellorce C, Faurez F, Bonnet M, Mettey Y, Goekjian P, Samson M, Vandenabeele P, Bach S, Dimanche-Boitrel MT. Sibiriline, a new small chemical inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, prevents immune-dependent hepatitis. FEBS J 2017; 284:3050-3068. [PMID: 28715128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death involved in several disease models including in particular liver diseases. Receptor-interacting protein kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, are the main serine/threonine kinases driving this cell death pathway. We screened a noncommercial, kinase-focused chemical library which allowed us to identify Sibiriline as a new inhibitor of necroptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-deficient Jurkat cells. Moreover, Sib inhibits necroptotic cell death induced by various death ligands in human or mouse cells while not protecting from caspase-dependent apoptosis. By using competition binding assay and recombinant kinase assays, we demonstrated that Sib is a rather specific competitive RIPK1 inhibitor. Molecular docking analysis shows that Sib is trapped closed to human RIPK1 adenosine triphosphate-binding site in a relatively hydrophobic pocket locking RIPK1 in an inactive conformation. In agreement with its RIPK1 inhibitory property, Sib inhibits both TNF-induced RIPK1-dependent necroptosis and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis. Finally, Sib protects mice from concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. These results reveal the small-molecule Sib as a new RIPK1 inhibitor potentially of interest for the treatment of immune-dependent hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Le Cann
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Claire Delehouzé
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, France
| | - Sabrina Leverrier-Penna
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Aveline Filliol
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Arnaud Comte
- CNRS UMR 5246, Chimiothèque, ICBMS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Delalande
- CNRS UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Nathalie Desban
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, France
| | - Blandine Baratte
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Florence Faurez
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Marion Bonnet
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France.,Division of Infection & Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Yvette Mettey
- Laboratoire Chimie Organique, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Peter Goekjian
- CNRS UMR 5246, Laboratoire Chimie Organique 2-Glycosciences, ICBMS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Samson
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Bach
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- INSERM UMR 1085, l'Environnement et le Travail, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, France
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193
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Lu X, Roberts SE, Franklin GJ, Davie CP. On-DNA Pd and Cu promoted C-N cross-coupling reactions. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1614-1617. [PMID: 30108872 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Encoded library technology (ELT) is a novel hit identification platform synergistic with HTS, fragment hit ID and focused screening. It provides both an ultra high-throughput and a cost-efficient tool for the discovery of small molecules that bind to protein targets of pharmaceutical interest. The success of ELT relies heavily on the chemical diversity accessed through DNA-encoded library (DEL) synthesis. We developed unprecedented Pd and Cu(i) promoted C-N cross-coupling reactions between a DNA-conjugated aryl iodide and primary amines. These reported reactions have strong potential for application in DNA-encoded library (DEL) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lu
- GlaxoSmithKline , Platform Technology & Science , Drug Discovery and Selection , New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , MA 02451 , USA .
| | - Sarah E Roberts
- GlaxoSmithKline , Platform Technology & Science , Drug Discovery and Selection , New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , MA 02451 , USA .
| | - George J Franklin
- GlaxoSmithKline , Platform Technology & Science , Drug Discovery and Selection , New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , MA 02451 , USA .
| | - Christopher P Davie
- GlaxoSmithKline , Platform Technology & Science , Drug Discovery and Selection , New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , MA 02451 , USA .
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194
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a significant expansion of our understanding about the regulated cell death mechanisms beyond apoptosis. The application of chemical biological approaches had played a major role in driving these exciting discoveries. The discovery and use of small molecule probes in cell death research has not only revealed significant insights into the regulatory mechanism of cell death but also provided new drug targets and lead drug candidates for developing therapeutics of human diseases with huge unmet need. Here, we provide an overview of small molecule modulators for necroptosis and ferroptosis, two non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms, and discuss the molecular pathways and relevant pathophysiological mechanisms revealed by the judicial applications of such small molecule probes. We suggest that the development and applications of small molecule probes for non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms provide an outstanding example showcasing the power of chemical biology in exploring novel biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lihui Qian
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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195
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Lu X, Fan L, Phelps CB, Davie CP, Donahue CP. Ruthenium Promoted On-DNA Ring-Closing Metathesis and Cross-Metathesis. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1625-1629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Platform Technology & Science, Drug Discovery and Selection, New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, Encoded Library Technologies, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lijun Fan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Platform Technology & Science, Drug Discovery and Selection, New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, Encoded Library Technologies, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Christopher B. Phelps
- GlaxoSmithKline, Platform Technology & Science, Drug Discovery and Selection, New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, Encoded Library Technologies, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Christopher P. Davie
- GlaxoSmithKline, Platform Technology & Science, Drug Discovery and Selection, New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, Encoded Library Technologies, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Christine P. Donahue
- GlaxoSmithKline, Platform Technology & Science, Drug Discovery and Selection, New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, Encoded Library Technologies, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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196
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Synthesis of ( S )-3-amino-benzo[ b ][1,4]oxazepin-4-one via Mitsunobu and S N Ar reaction for a first-in-class RIP1 kinase inhibitor GSK2982772 in clinical trials. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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197
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Finn MG. Technical Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:277-278. [PMID: 28374995 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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198
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When PERK inhibitors turn out to be new potent RIPK1 inhibitors: critical issues on the specificity and use of GSK2606414 and GSK2656157. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1100-1110. [PMID: 28452996 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes a state of cellular stress known as ER stress. The cells respond to ER stress by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling network emerging from the ER-anchored receptors IRE1α, PERK and ATF6. The UPR aims at restoring ER protein-folding homeostasis, but turns into a toxic signal when the stress is too severe or prolonged. Recent studies have demonstrated links between the UPR and inflammation. Consequently, small molecule inhibitors of IRE1α and PERK have become attractive tools for the potential therapeutic manipulation of the UPR in inflammatory conditions. TNF is a master pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives inflammation either directly by promoting gene activation, or indirectly by inducing RIPK1 kinase-dependent cell death, in the form of apoptosis or necroptosis. To evaluate the potential contribution of the UPR to TNF-induced cell death, we tested the effects of two commonly used PERK inhibitors, GSK2606414 and GSK2656157. Surprisingly, we observed that both compounds completely repressed TNF-mediated RIPK1 kinase-dependent death, but found that this effect was independent of PERK inactivation. Indeed, these two compounds turned out to be direct RIPK1 inhibitors, with comparable potency to the recently developed RIPK1 inhibitor GSK'963 (about 100 times more potent than NEC-1s). Importantly, these compounds completely inhibited TNF-mediated RIPK1-dependent cell death at a concentration that did not affect PERK activity in cells. In vivo, GSK2656157 administration protected mice from lethal doses of TNF independently of PERK inhibition and as efficiently as GSK'963. Together, our results not only report on new and very potent RIPK1 inhibitors but also highlight the risk of misinterpretation when using these two PERK inhibitors in the context of ER stress, cell death and inflammation.
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199
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Belyanskaya SL, Ding Y, Callahan JF, Lazaar AL, Israel DI. Discovering Drugs with DNA-Encoded Library Technology: From Concept to Clinic with an Inhibitor of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. Chembiochem 2017; 18:837-842. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Ding
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D; 830 Winter Street Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - James F. Callahan
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia PA 19406 USA
| | - Aili L. Lazaar
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia PA 19406 USA
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200
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Yang D, Wan C, He M, Che C, Xiao Y, Fu B, Qin Z. Design, synthesis, crystal structure and fungicidal activity of ( E)-5-(methoxyimino)-3,5-dihydrobenzo[ e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1 H)-one analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1007-1014. [PMID: 30108816 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A practical method of four-step synthesis towards novel (E)-5-(methoxyimino)-3,5-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1H)-one antifungals is presented, where a commercially available pesticide and pharmacology intermediate, (E)-methyl 2-(2-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetate (1), was used as starting material. These compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure. Via in vitro fungicidal evaluation, the moderate to high activities of several compounds against eight phytopathogenic fungi were demonstrated. Especially, the fungicidal activities of compounds 5-03 and 5-09 were comparable to those of the controls azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin in precise virulence measurements for four fungi. These results suggested that dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1H)-one analogues could be considered as potential fungicidal candidates for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Yang
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Chuan Wan
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - MengMeng He
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Chuanliang Che
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
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