151
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MicroRNAs and Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Endometriosis Pathophysiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071096. [PMID: 35406659 PMCID: PMC8997421 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a significant disease characterized by infertility and pelvic pain in which endometrial stromal and glandular tissue grow in ectopic locations. Altered responsiveness to progesterone is a contributing factor to endometriosis pathophysiology, but the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. Progesterone resistance influences both the eutopic and ectopic (endometriotic lesion) endometrium. An inability of the eutopic endometrium to properly respond to progesterone is believed to contribute to the infertility associated with the disease, while an altered responsiveness of endometriotic lesion tissue may contribute to the survival of the ectopic tissue and associated symptoms. Women with endometriosis express altered levels of several endometrial progesterone target genes which may be due to the abnormal expression and/or function of progesterone receptors and/or chaperone proteins, as well as inflammation, genetics, and epigenetics. MiRNAs are a class of epigenetic modulators proposed to play a role in endometriosis pathophysiology, including the modulation of progesterone signaling. In this paper, we summarize the role of progesterone receptors and progesterone signaling in endometriosis pathophysiology, review miRNAs, which are over-expressed in endometriosis tissues and fluids, and follow this with a discussion on the potential regulation of key progesterone signaling components by these miRNAs, concluding with suggestions for future research endeavors in this area.
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152
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Santovito D, Weber C. Non-canonical features of microRNAs: paradigms emerging from cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:620-638. [PMID: 35304600 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research showing that microRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of gene expression has instigated tremendous interest in cardiovascular research. The overwhelming majority of studies are predicated on the dogmatic notion that miRNAs regulate the expression of specific target mRNAs by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA decay in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). These efforts mostly identified and dissected contributions of multiple regulatory networks of miRNA-target mRNAs to cardiovascular pathogenesis. However, evidence from studies in the past decade indicates that miRNAs also operate beyond this canonical paradigm, featuring non-conventional regulatory functions and cellular localizations that have a pathophysiological role in cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we highlight the functional relevance of atypical miRNA biogenesis and localization as well as RISC heterogeneity. Moreover, we delineate remarkable non-canonical examples of miRNA functionality, including direct interactions with proteins beyond the Argonaute family and their role in transcriptional regulation in the nucleus and in mitochondria. We scrutinize the relevance of non-conventional biogenesis and non-canonical functions of miRNAs in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathology, and contextualize how uncovering these non-conventional properties can expand the scope of translational research in the cardiovascular field and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany. .,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Unit of Milan, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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153
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Ionescu RF, Enache RM, Cretoiu SM, Cretoiu D. The Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and miRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:856901. [PMID: 35369298 PMCID: PMC8965857 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.856901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota contains microorganisms found on the skin, mucosal surfaces and in other tissues. The major component, the gut microbiota, can be influenced by diet, genetics, and environmental factors. Any change in its composition results in pathophysiological changes that can further influence the evolution of different conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The microbiome is a complex ecosystem and can be considered the metagenome of the microbiota. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are speculated to interact with the intestinal microbiota for modulating gene expressions of the host. miRNAs represent a category of small non-coding RNAs, consisting of approximately 22 nucleotides, which can regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level, by influencing the degradation of mRNA and modifying protein amounts. miRNAs display a multitude of roles, being able to influence the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Circulating miRNAs are stable against degradation, due to their enclosure into extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review aims to assess the current knowledge of the possible interactions between gut microbiota, miRNAs, and CVDs. As more scientific research is conducted, it can be speculated that personalized patient care in the future may include the management of gut microbiota composition and the targeted treatment against certain expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Mihai Enache
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Sanda Maria Cretoiu ;
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
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154
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Zhang Y, Xu C. Effects of exosomes on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6763-6777. [PMID: 35262819 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles originating from the endosomal system, which are involved in intercellular substance transfer and cell waste elimination. Recent studies implicate the roles of exosomes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a process through which new granule cells are generated in the dentate gyrus, and which is closely related to mood and cognition, as well as psychiatric disorders. As such, exosomes are recognized as potential biomarkers of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. This review briefly introduces the synthesis and secretion mechanism of exosomes, and discuss the relationship between exosomes and hippocampal neurogenesis, and their roles in regulating depression, epilepsy and schizophrenia. Finally, we discuss the prospects of their application in diagnosing disorders of the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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155
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Ottaviani L, Juni RP, de Abreu RC, Sansonetti M, Sampaio-Pinto V, Halkein J, Hegenbarth JC, Ring N, Knoops K, Kocken JMM, Jesus C, Ernault AC, El Azzouzi H, Rühle F, Olieslagers S, Fernandes H, Ferreira L, Braga L, Stoll M, Nascimento DS, de Windt LJ, da Costa Martins PA. Intercellular transfer of miR-200c-3p impairs the angiogenic capacity of cardiac endothelial cells. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2257-2273. [PMID: 35278675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As mediators of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles containing molecular cargo such as microRNAs, are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to influence their cellular phenotype and function. Here, we report that cardiac stress-induced differential microRNA content, with miR-200c-3p being one of the most enriched, in cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles mediates functional crosstalk with endothelial cells. Silencing of miR-200c-3p in mice subjected to chronic increased cardiac pressure overload resulted in attenuated hypertrophy, smaller fibrotic areas, higher capillary density and preserved cardiac ejection fraction. Interestingly, we were able to maximal rescue microvascular and cardiac function with very low doses of antagomir, which specifically silences miR-200c-3p expression in the non-myocyte cells. Our results reveal vesicle transfer of miR-200c-3p from cardiomyocytes to cardiac endothelial cells, underlining the importance of cardiac intercellular communication in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ottaviani
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R P Juni
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C de Abreu
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Sansonetti
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V Sampaio-Pinto
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saude, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomêdicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Halkein
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Hegenbarth
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N Ring
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - K Knoops
- Microscope CORE lab, The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J M M Kocken
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Jesus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Ernault
- Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H El Azzouzi
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Rühle
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Olieslagers
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Braga
- Functional Cell Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - M Stoll
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D S Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saude, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomêdicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L J de Windt
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P A da Costa Martins
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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156
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Gong H, Lyu X, Dong L, Tan S, Li S, Peng J, Liu Y, Zhang X. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Impacts Cardiac Function in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients Through Circulating Exosomes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:699764. [PMID: 35321104 PMCID: PMC8936144 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.699764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common and independently associated with heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the impact of OSA on heart function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as well as the possible mechanism related to exosomes regulated autophagy. Methods and Results A total of 126 patients with DCM who underwent sleep evaluations were analyzed retrospectively. Cardiomyocytes were treated with exosomes isolated from untreated OSA patients and healthy controls. Fibrotic and hypertrophic markers were evaluated, and Akt/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy was investigated. DCM patients with severe OSA had larger right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDd) and right atrial diameter (RAD) and increased N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels than DCM patients without OSA. Moreover, NT-proBNP and diabetes mellitus were independently correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index in multiple linear regression analysis. Treatment with OSA-derived exosomes significantly increased Col1A1, ANP, and BNP protein expression and decreased the expression of the autophagy markers LC3B II/I and beclin1. Rapamycin treatment significantly increased the decreased autophagy markers and attenuated the increased expression of Col1A1, ANP and BNP induced by OSA-derived exosomes. Conclusion The severity of OSA is significantly associated with cardiac injury and remodeling. The underlying mechanism may be related to changed autophagy levels, which are regulated by circulating exosomes via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This study may provide a new clue for the treatment of heart failure with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieting Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyu Zhang
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157
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Nikdoust F, Pazoki M, Mohammadtaghizadeh M, Aghaali MK, Amrovani M. Exosomes: Potential Player in Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:225-235. [PMID: 34669097 PMCID: PMC8527819 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are spherical bilayer membrane vesicles with an average diameter of 40-100 nm. These particles perform a wide range of biological activities due to their contents, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, lncRNA, and miRNA. Exosomes are involved in inflammation induction, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which can be effective in endothelial dysfunction. Due to the induction of mentioned processes in the endothelial cells, the intercellular connections are destroyed, cell permeability increases and finally cell efficiency decreases and functional defects occur. Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) are of consequences of endothelial dysfunction. Thus by identifying the exosome signaling pathways, which induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction and subsequently CVDs can be reduced; exosomes can be used for appropriate target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Nikdoust
- Department of Cardiology, Shariati Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Pazoki
- Department of Cardiology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Karimzadeh Aghaali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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158
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Mammoto T, Hunyenyiwa T, Kyi P, Hendee K, Matus K, Rao S, Lee SH, Tabima DM, Chesler NC, Mammoto A. Hydrostatic Pressure Controls Angiogenesis Through Endothelial YAP1 During Lung Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:823642. [PMID: 35252132 PMCID: PMC8896883 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.823642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery (PA) pressure increases during lung growth after unilateral pneumonectomy (PNX). Mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activator, yes-associated protein (YAP1), in endothelial cells (ECs) is necessary for angiogenesis during post-PNX lung growth. We investigate whether increases in PA pressure following PNX control-angiogenesis through YAP1. When hydrostatic pressure is applied to human pulmonary arterial ECs (HPAECs), the expression of YAP1, transcription factor TEAD1, and angiogenic factor receptor Tie2 increases, while these effects are inhibited when HPAECs are treated with YAP1 siRNA or YAP1S94A mutant that fails to bind to TEAD1. Hydrostatic pressure also stimulates DNA synthesis, cell migration, and EC sprouting in HPAECs, while YAP1 knockdown or YAP1S94A mutant inhibits the effects. Gene enrichment analysis reveals that the levels of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, regeneration, or angiogenesis are altered in post-PNX mouse lung ECs, which interact with YAP1. Exosomes are known to promote tissue regeneration. Proteomics analysis reveals that exosomes isolated from conditioned media of post-PNX mouse lung ECs contain the higher levels of ECM and cell-adhesion proteins compared to those from sham-operated mouse lung ECs. Recruitment of host lung ECs and blood vessel formation are stimulated in the fibrin gel containing exosomes isolated from post-PNX mouse lung ECs or pressurized ECs, while YAP1 knockdown inhibits the effects. These results suggest that increases in PA pressure stimulate angiogenesis through YAP1 during regenerative lung growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tendai Hunyenyiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Priscilla Kyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kathryn Hendee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kienna Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sang H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Diana M. Tabima
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Naomi C. Chesler
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Akiko Mammoto,
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159
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Wan F, Zhang H, Hu J, Chen L, Geng S, Kong L, Lu JJ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibits Migration and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Via Exosomal MiR-125a. Front Oncol 2022; 12:781979. [PMID: 35251967 PMCID: PMC8892602 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.781979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a kind of tumor vasculature providing blood supply for tumor growth, and the formation of VM is independent of vascular endothelial cells. Instead, VM structures are formed by differentiated tumor cells such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Recently, studies have shown that anti-angiogenic therapy failed to improve the overall survival for patients, namely, nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. The existence of VM structure is probably one of the reasons for resistance for anti-angiogenic therapy. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanism for VM formation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study, the bioinformatic analysis revealed that microRNA-125a-3p (miR-125a) was highly expressed in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue than in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. An in vitro study demonstrated that miR-125a plays an inhibitory role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and VM formation, and further studies confirmed that TAZ is a direct downstream target for miR-125a. On this basis, we artificially engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to generate exosomes with high miR-125a expression. Treatment with these miR-125a-over-expressing exosomes attenuated the migration and VM formation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In addition, the inhibitory role of these exosomes on VM formation and migration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was also confirmed in vivo. Overall, the current study shows that MSCs can be utilized to generate exosomes with high miR-125a level, which could be therapeutic nanoparticles targeting VM formation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and used as a complement to anti-angiogenic therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojiong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
- Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyi Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikai Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiade J. Lu, ; Lin Kong,
| | - Jiade J. Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiade J. Lu, ; Lin Kong,
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160
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Endothelial MicroRNA-483-3p Is Hypertension-Protective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3698219. [PMID: 35222797 PMCID: PMC8872655 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a high-risk factor for developing coronary heart disease and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodeling can lead to increased vascular wall thickness and arterial stiffness. Previous studies showed that microRNA-483 (miR-483) enhances endothelial cell (EC) function. Here, we investigated the protective role of miR-483 in hypertension. Data collected from two patient cohorts showed that the serum miR-483-3p level was associated with the progression of hypertension and positively correlated with vascular function. In cultured ECs, miR-483 targets a number of endothelial dysfunction-related genes, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Overexpression of miR-483-3p in ECs inhibited Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction, revealed by the decreased expression of TGF-β, CTGF, ACE1, and ET-1. Furthermore, miR-483-3p secreted from ECs was taken up by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via the exosome pathway, which also decreased these genes in SMCs. Additionally, telmisartan could increase the aortic and serum levels of miR-483-3p in hypertension patients and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). These findings suggest that miR-483-3p exerts a protective effect on EC function during the onset of hypertension and thus may be considered a potential therapeutic target for hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases.
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161
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Transcriptomic Signatures of End-Stage Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hearts with and without Left Ventricular Assist Device Support. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042050. [PMID: 35216165 PMCID: PMC8878549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) use in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can lead to a differential response in the LV and right ventricle (RV), and RV failure remains the most common complication post-LVAD insertion. We assessed transcriptomic signatures in end-stage DCM, and evaluated changes in gene expression (mRNA) and regulation (microRNA/miRNA) following LVAD. LV and RV free-wall tissues were collected from end-stage DCM hearts with (n = 8) and without LVAD (n = 8). Non-failing control tissues were collected from donated hearts (n = 6). Gene expression (for mRNAs/miRNAs) was determined using microarrays. Our results demonstrate that immune response, oxygen homeostasis, and cellular physiological processes were the most enriched pathways among differentially expressed genes in both ventricles of end-stage DCM hearts. LV genes involved in circadian rhythm, muscle contraction, cellular hypertrophy, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling were differentially expressed. In the RV, genes related to the apelin signalling pathway were affected. Following LVAD use, immune response genes improved in both ventricles; oxygen homeostasis and ECM remodelling genes improved in the LV and, four miRNAs normalized. We conclude that LVAD reduced the expression and induced additional transcriptomic changes of various mRNAs and miRNAs as an integral component of the reverse ventricular remodelling in a chamber-specific manner.
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162
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Extracellular Vesicles and Thrombogenicity in Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031774. [PMID: 35163695 PMCID: PMC8836440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as a heterogenic group of lipid bilayer vesicular structures with a size in the range of 30–4000 nm that are released by all types of cultured cells. EVs derived from platelets, mononuclears, endothelial cells, and adipose tissue cells significantly increase in several cardiovascular diseases, including in atrial fibrillation (AF). EVs are engaged in cell-to-cell cooperation, endothelium integrity, inflammation, and immune response and are a cargo for several active molecules, such as regulatory peptides, receptors, growth factors, hormones, and lipids. Being transductors of the intercellular communication, EVs regulate angiogenesis, neovascularization, coagulation, and maintain tissue reparation. There is a large amount of evidence regarding the fact that AF is associated with elevated levels of EVs derived from platelets and mononuclears and a decreased number of EVs produced by endothelial cells. Moreover, some invasive procedures that are generally performed for the treatment of AF, i.e., pulmonary vein isolation, were found to be triggers for elevated levels of platelet and mononuclear EVs and, in turn, mediated the transient activation of the coagulation cascade. The review depicts the role of EVs in thrombogenicity in connection with a risk of thromboembolic complications, including ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism, in patients with various forms of AF.
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163
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Liu N, Xie L, Xiao P, Chen X, Kong W, Lou Q, Chen F, Lu X. Cardiac fibroblasts secrete exosome microRNA to suppress cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1249-1260. [PMID: 35119583 PMCID: PMC8913441 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and effective strategies to treat MI/R injury are both in shortage. Although pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes and the protective role of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) have been well recognized as targets to reduce MI/R injury and sudden cardiac death (SCD), the connection has not yet been established. Here, we showed that CFs protected cardiomyocytes against MI/R-induced injury through suppression of pyroptosis. A novel molecular mechanism underpinning this effect was further identified. Under hypoxia/reoxygenation condition, CFs were found to secrete exosomes, which contain increased level of microRNA-133a (miR-133a). These exosomes then delivered miR-133a into cardiomyocytes to target ELAVL1 and repressed cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. Based on this finding, we successfully developed a new strategy that used exosomes derived from CFs with overexpressed miR-133a to enhance the therapeutic outcomes for the MI/R injury. Overall, our results provide a novel molecular basis for understanding and treating MI/R injury, and our study also provides novel insight for the postmortem diagnosis of MI/R injury induced SCD by using exosome biomarker in forensic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenjie Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Qiaozhen Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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164
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Romanò S, Di Giacinto F, Primiano A, Gervasoni J, Mazzini A, Papi M, Urbani A, Serafino A, De Spirito M, Krasnowska EK, Ciasca G. Label-free spectroscopic characterization of exosomes reveals cancer cell differentiation. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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165
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Dehkordi NR, Dehkordi NR, Farjoo MH. Therapeutic properties of stem cell-derived exosomes in ischemic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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166
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Exosomes in cardiovascular diseases: a blessing or a sin for the mankind. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:833-847. [PMID: 35064412 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) comprises disorders of blood vessels and heart. Multiple cells in the heart suggests that hetero-cellular communication, which is an important aspect in heart functioning and there is a need to elucidate the way in which this inter-cellular communication occurs. Now a days, exosomal research has gained much attention. Exosomes, nano-shuttles, are EVs with diameters ranging from 40 to 160 nm (average 100 nm), secreted by body cells. These vesicles act as cell-to-cell communicators and are carriers of important biomolecules such as RNAs, miRNAs, Proteins and lipids. Exosomes can change the gene expression of the recipient cells, thereby, changes the cellular characteristics. Exosomes have known to play an essential role in protection as well as progression of various cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, role of exosomes in various CVDs have been discussed.
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167
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Wu C, Liu B, Wang R, Li G. The Regulation Mechanisms and Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Myocardial Infarction: A Review of the Recent 5 Years. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:809580. [PMID: 35111829 PMCID: PMC8801508 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.809580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most frequent end-point of cardiovascular pathology, leading to higher mortality worldwide. Due to the particularity of the heart tissue, patients who experience ischemic infarction of the heart, still suffered irreversible damage to the heart even if the vascular reflow by treatment, and severe ones can lead to heart failure or even death. In recent years, several studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), playing a regulatory role in damaged hearts, bring light for patients to alleviate MI. In this review, we summarized the effect of miRNAs on MI with some mechanisms, such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, inflammatory; the regulation of miRNAs on cardiac structural changes after MI, including angiogenesis, myocardial remodeling, fibrosis; the application of miRNAs in stem cell therapy and clinical diagnosis; other non-coding RNAs related to miRNAs in MI during the past 5 years.
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168
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Hu Q, Zang X, Ding Y, Gu T, Shi J, Li Z, Cai G, Liu D, Wu Z, Hong L. Porcine uterine luminal fluid-derived extracellular vesicles improve conceptus-endometrial interaction during implantation. Theriogenology 2022; 178:8-17. [PMID: 34735978 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful implantation of porcine conceptus requires synergistic interaction with various signal molecules in the maternal uterus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in uterine luminal fluid (ULF) of mice play important roles in conceptus development. However, studies have not explored the roles of extracellular vesicles (EV) in ULF of pigs. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics, origin, and roles of ULF-derived EVs on day 9 of the estrous cycle and on day 9,12 and 15 of pregnancy in pigs. Western blot, BCA assay and HE staining analysis showed increase in EVs concentration in ULF began from day 12 of pregnancy. Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that EVs were mainly derived from endometrial epithelial cells. Fluorescent labeling, CCK-8 and transwell migration assays showed that these EVs were delivered to the trophoblast or parthenogenetic activation embryos to regulate proliferation and migration of trophoblast cells. A total of 305 miRNAs were identified using small RNA sequencing analysis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that miRNAs in these EVs potentially play vital regulatory functions in EV transportation or conceptus implantation. QRT-PCR analysis was used to further verify the RNA-seq data. The findings of this study provide information on the functions of porcine ULF-derived EVs and provide a reference dataset for future translational studies on porcine ULF-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xupeng Zang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co. Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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169
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Zaazaa AM, Abd El-Motelp BA, Ali NA, Youssef AM, Sayed MA, Mohamed SH. Stem cell-derived exosomes and copper sulfide nanoparticles attenuate the progression of neurodegenerative disorders induced by cadmium in rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08622. [PMID: 35028441 PMCID: PMC8741450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-Exo) and copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) as biomaterials in order to understand the mechanisms that contribute to overcoming cadmium (Cad) induced neurological disorders in rats. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 10): group 1 was served as a negative control and receive vehicle saline (Con), group 2 Positive control groups were received Cad as cadmium chloride at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for six weeks (Cad group), group 3 was received Cad plus MSCs-Exo as a single dose of 100 μLi. v. (Cad + MSCs-Exo), group 4 was received Cad plus CuSNPs at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg orally (Cad + CuSNPs), group 5 was received Cad + MSCs-Exo + CuSNPs for six weeks. However, the activities of each acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), total antioxidant status (TAC) were measured. Also, the levels of ROS, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Brain brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were evaluated. Beneficial effects on the behavior of animals were observed after treatment with MSCs-Exo and CuSNPs. Furthermore, the administration of MSCs-Exo and CuSNPs have been improve the TAC, BDNF and NGF via ameliorating the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Moreover, Histopathological studies had shown that great development in the brain of Cad rats treated with MSCs-Exo and CuSNPs. In conclusion, this study offers an overview of innovative stem cell therapy techniques and how to integrate them with nanotechnology to boost therapeutic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Magdy Zaazaa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, AsmaaFahmy Street Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bosy Azmy Abd El-Motelp
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, AsmaaFahmy Street Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A. Ali
- Hormones Department, Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ahmed M. Youssef
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aly Sayed
- Department of Animal Reproduction and A. I., Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa H. Mohamed
- Hormones Department, Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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170
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Dantas-Pereira L, Menna-Barreto R, Lannes-Vieira J. Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Role in Remote Signaling and Inflammation in Trypanosoma cruzi-Triggered Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:798054. [PMID: 34988085 PMCID: PMC8721122 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.798054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as cell communicators and immune response modulators and may be employed as disease biomarkers and drug delivery systems. In infectious diseases, EVs can be released by the pathogen itself or by the host cells (infected or uninfected), potentially impacting the outcome of the immune response and pathological processes. Chagas disease (CD) is caused by infection by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is the main cause of heart failure in endemic areas. This illness attracted worldwide attention due to the presence of symptomatic seropositive subjects in North America, Asia, Oceania, and Europe. In the acute phase of infection, nonspecific signs, and symptoms contribute to miss diagnosis and early etiological treatment. In this phase, the immune response is crucial for parasite control; however, parasite persistence, dysregulated immune response, and intrinsic tissue factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic CD. Most seropositive subjects remain in the indeterminate chronic form, and from 30 to 40% of the subjects develop cardiac, digestive, or cardio-digestive manifestations. Identification of EVs containing T. cruzi antigens suggests that these vesicles may target host cells and regulate cellular processes and the immune response by molecular mechanisms that remain to be determined. Parasite-released EVs modulate the host-parasite interplay, stimulate intracellular parasite differentiation and survival, and promote a regulatory cytokine profile in experimental models of CD. EVs derived from the parasite-cell interaction inhibit complement-mediated parasite lysis, allowing evasion. EVs released by T. cruzi-infected cells also regulate surrounding cells, maintaining a proinflammatory profile. After a brief review of the basic features of EVs, the present study focuses on potential participation of T. cruzi-secreted EVs in cell infection and persistence of low-grade parasite load in the chronic phase of infection. We also discuss the role of EVs in shaping the host immune response and in pathogenesis and progression of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíza Dantas-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubem Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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171
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Zhang T, Gao Z, Chen K. Exosomal microRNAs: potential targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiol 2022; 80:423-431. [PMID: 35000826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a condition in which myocardial dysfunction is caused by diabetes mellitus, has become an epidemic disorder in the world. DCM initially presents as diastolic relaxation dysfunction and will progress to heart failure in the absence of coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of DCM are poorly understood. Recent studies reveal that exosomal miRNAs are associated with multiple DCM risk factors and may act as potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advancements to understand the role of exosomal miRNAs in DCM development and explores potential preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo, China.
| | - Kuihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.
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172
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Gong FH, Chen XL, Zhang Q, Xiao XQ, Yang YS, Song BJ, Chao SP, Cheng WL. MicroRNA-183 as a Novel Regulator Protects Against Cardiomyocytes Hypertrophy via Targeting TIAM1. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:87-95. [PMID: 32870256 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs serve as important regulators of the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Among them, miR-183 is well documented as a novel tumor suppressor in previous studies, whereas it exhibits a downregulated expression in cardiac hypertrophy recently. The present study was aimed to examine the effect of miR-183 on cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. METHODS Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used for establishment of cardiac hypertrophy model in vitro. Neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes transfected with miR-183 mimic or negative control were further utilized for the phenotype analysis. Moreover, the bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays were used for exploring the potential target of miR-183 in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We observed a significant decreased expression of miR-183 in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-183 significantly attenuated the cardiomyocytes size morphologically and prohypertrophic genes expression. Moreover, we demonstrated that TIAM1 was a direct target gene of miR-183 verified by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays, which showed a decreased mRNA and protein expression in the cardiomyocytes transfected with miR-183 upon Ang II stimulation. Additionally, the downregulated TIAM1 expression was required for the attenuated effect of miR-183 on cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these evidences indicated that miR-183 acted as a cardioprotective regulator for the development of cardiomyocytes hypertrophy via directly regulation of TIAM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-han Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People’s Hospital, Tongren, China
| | - Xi-Lu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-qiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People’s Hospital, Tongren, China
| | - Yong-sheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People’s Hospital, Tongren, China
| | - Bian-jing Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People’s Hospital, Tongren, China
| | - Sheng-ping Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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173
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jiang A, Mazarura GR, Hébert TE. Biosensor-based profiling to track cellular signalling in patient-derived models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110239. [PMID: 34990783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) represent a diverse group of cardiovascular diseases impacting the structure and function of the myocardium. To better treat these diseases, we need to understand the impact of such cardiomyopathies on critical signalling pathways that drive disease progression downstream of receptors we often target therapeutically. Our understanding of cellular signalling events has progressed substantially in the last few years, in large part due to the design, validation and use of biosensor-based approaches to studying such events in cells, tissues and in some cases, living animals. Another transformative development has been the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate disease-relevant models from individual patients. We highlight the importance of going beyond monocellular cultures to incorporate the influence of paracrine signalling mediators. Finally, we discuss the recent coalition of these approaches in the context of DCM. We discuss recent work in generating patient-derived models of cardiomyopathies and the utility of using signalling biosensors to track disease progression and test potential therapeutic strategies that can be later used to inform treatment options in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alyson Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Grace R Mazarura
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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174
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Stapel B, Xiao K, Gorinski N, Schmidt K, Pfanne A, Fiedler J, Richter I, Vollbrecht AL, Thum T, Kahl KG, Ponimaskin E. MicroRNAs as novel peripheral markers for suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1020530. [PMID: 36506422 PMCID: PMC9729747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) constitutes a main risk factor for suicide. Suicide risk in psychiatric patients is primarily determined by often unreliable, self-reported information. We assessed serum levels of three microRNAs (miRNAs), previously demonstrated to be dysregulated in post-mortem brain samples of suicide victims, as potential peripheral biomarkers for suicidality. METHODS All study participants were diagnosed with MDD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. Suicidality, defined as acute suicide risk or suicide attempt within one week prior to study entry, was assessed by clinical interview. Relative serum levels of miR-30a, miR-30e, and miR-200a, normalized to U6, were measured by quantitative real-time PCR in MDD inpatients with (MDD/SI, N = 19) and without (MDD, N = 31) acute suicide risk. Median age and gender distribution were comparable in both groups. RESULTS Levels of miR-30a, miR-30e, and miR-200a were significantly elevated in MDD/SI compared to MDD. Subgroup analysis of the MDD/SI group showed that levels of miR-30e and miR-200a were significantly higher and miR-30a was increased by trend in patients admitted following a suicide attempt (N = 7) compared to patients with acute suicide risk but without recent suicide attempt (N = 12). Additionally, use of two databases for in silico transcription factor-miRNA interaction prediction indicated early growth response protein (EGR) 1 as potential transcriptional regulator for all three miRNAs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates suicide risk in MDD patients to be associated with increased levels of miR-30a, miR-30e, and miR-200a. Thus, these miRNAs might constitute potential biomarkers to predict suicidal behavior in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Stapel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ke Xiao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Kevin Schmidt
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hanover, Germany
| | - Angelika Pfanne
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hanover, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Germany
| | - Imke Richter
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hanover, Germany
| | - Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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175
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Rahul K, Kumar S, Kumar B, Chaudhary V. Circulating microRNAs as potential novel biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases: Emerging role, biogenesis, current knowledge, therapeutics and the road ahead. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijca.ijca_8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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176
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Tastan B, Tarakcioglu E, Birinci Y, Park Y, Genc S. Role of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Cell-to-Cell Communication. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2257:269-292. [PMID: 34432284 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1170-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, are small vesicles (30-100 nm) secreted into extracellular space from almost all types of cells. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication carrying various biologically active molecules including microRNAs. Studies have shown that exosomal microRNAs play fundamental roles in healthy and pathological conditions such as immunity, cancer, and inflammation. In this chapter, we introduce the current knowledge on exosome biogenesis, techniques used in exosome research, and exosomal miRNA and their functions in biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Tastan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Tarakcioglu
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yelda Birinci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Science, University of Dokuz Eylul, Izmir, Turkey. .,Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.
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177
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Chen F, Wang Y, Wang J, Hu L, Huang S, Cao Y, Yu Y. Exosome biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases and their prospective forensic application in the identification of sudden cardiac death. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_118_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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178
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Abstract
Exosomes are a new horizon in modern therapy, presenting exciting new opportunities for advanced drug delivery and targeted release. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a size range of 30-100 nm, secreted by all cell types in the human body and carrying a unique collection of DNA fragments, RNA species, lipids, protein biomarkers, transcription factors and metabolites. miRNAs are one of the most common RNA species in exosomes, and they play a role in a variety of biological processes including exocytosis, hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, as well as cellular communication via exosomes. Exosomes can act as cargo to transport this information from donor cells to near and long-distance target cells, participating in the reprogramming of recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Dilsiz
- Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
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179
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Xiong J, Zhang H, Zeng B, Liu J, Luo J, Chen T, Sun J, Xi Q, Zhang Y. An Exploration of Non-Coding RNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Delivered by Swine Anterior Pituitary. Front Genet 2021; 12:772753. [PMID: 34912377 PMCID: PMC8667663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.772753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer-delimited particles carrying proteins, lipids, and small RNAs. Previous studies have demonstrated that they had regulatory functions both physiologically and pathologically. However, information remains inadequate on extracellular vesicles from the anterior pituitary, a key endocrine organ in animals and humans. In this study, we separated and identified extracellular vesicles from the anterior pituitary of the Duroc swine model. Total RNA was extracted and RNA-seq was performed, followed by a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Resultantly, we obtained 416 miRNAs, 16,232 lncRNAs, and 495 circRNAs. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the ncRNAs in extracellular vesicles may participate in regulating intracellular signal transduction, cellular component organization or biogenesis, small molecule binding, and transferase activity. The cross-talk between them also suggested that they may play an important role in the signaling process and biological regulation. This is the first report of ncRNA data in the anterior pituitary extracellular vesicles from the duroc swine breed, which is a fundamental resource for exploring detailed functions of extracellular vesicles from the anterior pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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180
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James V, Nizamudeen ZA, Lea D, Dottorini T, Holmes TL, Johnson BB, Arkill KP, Denning C, Smith JGW. Transcriptomic Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Extracellular Vesicles in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Reveals Differential snoRNA Cargo. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1215-1227. [PMID: 34806414 PMCID: PMC8742282 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness that can lead to devastating conditions such as heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Despite extensive study, the mechanisms mediating many of the associated clinical manifestations remain unknown and human models are required. To address this, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines were generated from patients with a HCM-associated mutation (c.ACTC1G301A) and isogenic controls created by correcting the mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were differentiated from these hiPSCs and analyzed at baseline, and at increased contractile workload (2 Hz electrical stimulation). Released extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated and characterized after a 24-h culture period and transcriptomic analysis performed on both hiPSC-CMs and released EVs. Transcriptomic analysis of cellular mRNA showed the HCM mutation caused differential splicing within known HCM pathways, and disrupted metabolic pathways. Analysis at increasing contraction frequency showed further disruption of metabolic gene expression, with an additive effect in the HCM background. Intriguingly, we observed differences in snoRNA cargo within HCM released EVs that specifically altered when HCM hiPSC-CMs were subjected to increased workload. These snoRNAs were predicted to have roles in post-translational modifications and alternative splicing, processes differentially regulated in HCM. As such, the snoRNAs identified in this study may unveil mechanistic insight into unexplained HCM phenotypes and offer potential future use as HCM biomarkers or as targets in future RNA-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zubair A Nizamudeen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lea
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Dottorini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Terri L Holmes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin B Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kenton P Arkill
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James G W Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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181
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Jadli AS, Parasor A, Gomes KP, Shandilya R, Patel VB. Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological Potential of Nano-Messenger. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:767488. [PMID: 34869682 PMCID: PMC8632805 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.767488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health problem, due to their continued high incidences and mortality. The last few decades have witnessed new advances in clinical research which led to increased survival and recovery in CVD patients. Nevertheless, elusive and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of CVD development perplexed researchers in identifying efficacious therapeutic interventions. Search for novel and effective strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for CVD has shifted research focus on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in recent years. By transporting molecular cargo from donor to recipient cells, EVs modulate gene expression and influence the phenotype of recipient cells, thus EVs prove to be an imperative component of intercellular signaling. Elucidation of the role of EVs in intercellular communications under physiological conditions implied the enormous potential of EVs in monitoring and treatment of CVD. The EVs secreted from the myriad of cells in the cardiovascular system such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells may facilitate the communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding EVs-mediated cellular communication may delineate the mechanism of origin and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The current review summarizes exosome-mediated paracrine signaling leading to cardiovascular disease. The mechanistic role of exosomes in cardiovascular disease will provide novel avenues in designing diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul S Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ananya Parasor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karina P Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruchita Shandilya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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182
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Potential Applications and Functional Roles of Exosomes in Cardiometabolic Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122056. [PMID: 34959338 PMCID: PMC8703910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, cardiometabolic disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles, have gained particular interest because of their role in metabolic homeostasis and cardiovascular physiology. Indeed, EVs are recognized as critical mediators of intercellular communication in the cardiovascular system. Exosomes are naturally occurring nanocarriers that transfer biological information in the setting of metabolic abnormalities and cardiac dysfunction. The study of these EVs can increase our knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic disorders and their cardiovascular complications. Because of their inherent properties and composition, exosomes have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutics for specific targeting and drug delivery. Emerging fields of study explore the use exosomes as tools for gene therapy and as a cell-free alternative for regenerative medicine. Furthermore, innovative biomaterials can incorporate exosomes to enhance tissue regeneration and engineering. In this work, we summarize the most recent knowledge on the role of exosomes in cardiometabolic pathophysiology while highlighting their potential therapeutic applications.
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183
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Changes in ion channel expression and function associated with cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling by Sorbs2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166247. [PMID: 34487812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 (Sorbs2) is an important component of cardiomyocyte sarcomere. It has been recently reported that loss of Sorbs2 is causally associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in human. However, the ionic mechanisms leading to cardiac arrhythmogenesis by Sorbs2 deficiency are unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that Sorbs2 plays an important role in regulating cardiac ion channel expression and function. Using electrophysiological and molecular biological approaches, we found that the Sorbs2 knockout (KO) mice progressively developed cardiac structural and electrical remodeling as early as 1 to 2 months of age and died prematurely at 5 to 7 months of age. Electrocardiographic recordings showed that Sorbs2 KO mice had conduction delays, spontaneous ventricular extrasystoles and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Intracellular recordings revealed abnormal action potentials with depolarized resting potential, reduced upstroke velocity, prolonged repolarization, and effective refractory period in the ventricular preparations of Sorbs2 KO mice. Patch clamp experiments demonstrated that Sorbs2 KO mice displayed distinct abnormalities in the expression and function of cardiac ion channels, including those of the voltage-gated Na+ channels, L-type Ca2+ channels, the voltage-gated K+ channels and the inward-rectifier K+ channels. Moreover, Sorbs2 physically interacted with the RNAs and/or proteins of important cardiac ion channels and directly regulated their expression in vitro. Our results indicate that Sorbs2 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cardiac channel physiology. Loss of Sorbs2 promotes cardiac ion channelopathies and life-threatening arrhythmias.
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184
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MicroRNAs: From Junk RNA to Life Regulators and Their Role in Cardiovascular Disease. CARDIOGENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics11040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small non-coding RNA (18–25 nucleotides) that until a few years ago were considered junk RNA. In the last twenty years, they have acquired more importance thanks to the understanding of their influence on gene expression and their role as negative regulators at post-transcriptional level, influencing the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA). Approximately 5% of the genome encodes miRNAs which are responsible for regulating numerous signaling pathways, cellular processes and cell-to-cell communication. In the cardiovascular system, miRNAs control the functions of various cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, playing a role in physiological and pathological processes and seeming also related to variations in contractility and hereditary cardiomyopathies. They provide a new perspective on the pathophysiology of disorders such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, arrhythmia, inflammation and atherosclerosis. MiRNAs are differentially expressed in diseased tissue and can be released into the circulation and then detected. MiRNAs have become interesting for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various diseases, including heart disease. In this review, the concept of miRNAs and their role in cardiomyopathies will be introduced, focusing on their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic targets (as biomarkers).
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185
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Majka M, Kleibert M, Wojciechowska M. Impact of the Main Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Plasma Extracellular Vesicles and Their Influence on the Heart's Vulnerability to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:3331. [PMID: 34943838 PMCID: PMC8699798 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cardiovascular deaths are associated with acute coronary syndrome, especially ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Therapeutic reperfusion alone can contribute up to 40 percent of total infarct size following coronary artery occlusion, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Its size depends on many factors, including the main risk factors of cardiovascular mortality, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and total cholesterol level as well as obesity, diabetes, and physical effort. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated particles released by every type of cell, which can carry content that affects the functioning of other tissues. Their role is essential in the communication between healthy and dysfunctional cells. In this article, data on the variability of the content of EVs in patients with the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors is presented, and their influence on IRI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Majka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.)
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
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186
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Yang J, Zou X, Jose PA, Zeng C. Extracellular vesicles: Potential impact on cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:49-100. [PMID: 34809830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received considerable attention in biological and clinical research due to their ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on their size and secretory origin, EVs are categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Increasing number of studies highlight the contribution of EVs in the regulation of a wide range of normal cellular physiological processes, including waste scavenging, cellular stress reduction, intercellular communication, immune regulation, and cellular homeostasis modulation. Altered circulating EV level, expression pattern, or content in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in diverse cardiovascular pathologies. Due to their inherent characteristics and physiological functions, EVs, in turn, have become potential candidates as therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the evolving understanding of the role of EVs in CVD, summarize the current knowledge of EV-mediated regulatory mechanisms, and highlight potential strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of CVD. We also attempt to look into the future that may advance our understanding of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CVD and provide novel insights into the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China.
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187
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SDF-1 α Facilitates Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Induce Regulatory B Cell Differentiation from Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:3254488. [PMID: 34790240 PMCID: PMC8592740 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3254488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by participating in humoral immunity. Meanwhile, regulatory B cells (Bregs), one subset of B cells, express negative regulatory effect on ITP. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated in the ability to induce immunosuppression, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) plays an important role in the migration and survival of MSCs. To investigate the mechanism of SDF-1α in controlling umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in inducing regulatory B cell differentiation of patients with ITP, we reconfirmed that SDF-1α promotes the proliferation of MSCs at the low doses of 0.05 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL but inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of UC-MSCs at the high doses 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL; when UC-MSCs are cocultured with SDF-1α at 0.1 μg/mL, the decreased proportion of CD19+/CD24hi/CD38hi cells and IL-10-producing B cells (B 10 cell), considered as the Breg subset from ITP significantly enhanced, and the content of IL-10 in the supernatant is also obviously increased. The proportion of Bregs and the IL-10 secretion could be further promoted by the UC-MSCs treated with 0.1 μg/mL SDF-1α, which could also promote the miRNA-133 expression of UC-MSCs in an exosome-dependent manner; moreover, while the UC-MSCs were transfected with the miR-133 inhibitor, the proportion of induced Bregs decreased obviously when cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ITP. We conclude that UC-MSCs could effectively enhance the decreased proportion of Bregs from ITP; at appropriate concentrations, SDF-1α may promote the proliferating and survival ability of UC-MSCs and improve the production of Bregs induced by UC-MSCs through controlling miRNA-133 expression in the exosomes.
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188
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Nicin L, Wagner JUG, Luxán G, Dimmeler S. Fibroblast-mediated intercellular crosstalk in the healthy and diseased heart. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:638-654. [PMID: 34787896 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts constitute a major cell population in the heart. They secrete extracellular matrix components and various other factors shaping the microenvironment of the heart. In silico analysis of intercellular communication based on single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that fibroblasts are the source of the majority of outgoing signals to other cell types. This observation suggests that fibroblasts play key roles in orchestrating cellular interactions that maintain organ homeostasis but that can also contribute to disease states. Here, we will review the current knowledge of fibroblast interactions in the healthy, diseased, and aging heart. We focus on the interactions that fibroblasts establish with other cells of the heart, specifically cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and immune cells, and particularly those relying on paracrine, electrical, and exosomal communication modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Nicin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian U G Wagner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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189
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Surina S, Fontanella RA, Scisciola L, Marfella R, Paolisso G, Barbieri M. miR-21 in Human Cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:767064. [PMID: 34778418 PMCID: PMC8578278 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.767064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-21 is a 22-nucleotide long microRNA that matches target mRNAs in a complementary base pairing fashion and regulates gene expression by repressing or degrading target mRNAs. miR-21 is involved in various cardiomyopathies, including heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Expression levels of miR-21 notably change in both heart and circulation and provide cardiac protection after heart injury. In the meantime, miR-21 also tightly links to cardiac dysfunctions such as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. This review focuses on the miR-21 expression pattern and its functions in diseased-heart and further discusses the feasibility of miR-21 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Surina
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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190
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Azevedo CAB, da Cunha RS, Junho CVC, da Silva JV, Moreno-Amaral AN, de Moraes TP, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Stinghen AEM. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Relationship with the Heart-Kidney Axis, Uremia and Peritoneal Dialysis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110778. [PMID: 34822562 PMCID: PMC8618757 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is described as primary dysfunction in the heart culminating in renal injury or vice versa. CRS can be classified into five groups, and uremic toxin (UT) accumulation is observed in all types of CRS. Protein-bound uremic toxin (PBUT) accumulation is responsible for permanent damage to the renal tissue, and mainly occurs in CRS types 3 and 4, thus compromising renal function directly leading to a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and/or subsequent proteinuria. With this decrease in GFR, patients may need renal replacement therapy (RRT), such as peritoneal dialysis (PD). PD is a high-quality and home-based dialysis therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is based on the semi-permeable characteristics of the peritoneum. These patients are exposed to factors which may cause several modifications on the peritoneal membrane. The presence of UT may harm the peritoneum membrane, which in turn can lead to the formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are released by almost all cell types and contain lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, membrane proteins, and cytosolic components from their cell origin. Our research group previously demonstrated that the EVs can be related to endothelial dysfunction and are formed when UTs are in contact with the endothelial monolayer. In this scenario, this review explores the mechanisms of EV formation in CRS, uremia, the peritoneum, and as potential biomarkers in peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Amaral Bueno Azevedo
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (C.A.B.A.); (R.S.d.C.)
| | - Regiane Stafim da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (C.A.B.A.); (R.S.d.C.)
| | - Carolina Victoria Cruz Junho
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (C.V.C.J.); (J.V.d.S.); (M.S.C.-R.)
| | - Jessica Verônica da Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (C.V.C.J.); (J.V.d.S.); (M.S.C.-R.)
| | - Andréa N. Moreno-Amaral
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (A.N.M.-A.); (T.P.d.M.)
| | - Thyago Proença de Moraes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (A.N.M.-A.); (T.P.d.M.)
| | - Marcela Sorelli Carneiro-Ramos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (C.V.C.J.); (J.V.d.S.); (M.S.C.-R.)
| | - Andréa Emilia Marques Stinghen
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (C.A.B.A.); (R.S.d.C.)
- Correspondence:
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191
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Wagner KT, Radisic M. A New Role for Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100047. [PMID: 34927167 PMCID: PMC8680295 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Discovering new therapies to treat heart disease requires improved understanding of cardiac physiology at a cellular level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound nano- and microparticles secreted by cells and known to play key roles in intercellular communication, often through transfer of biomolecular cargo. Advances in EV research have established techniques for EV isolation from tissue culture media or biofluids, as well as standards for quantitation and biomolecular characterization. EVs released by cardiac cells are known to be involved in regulating cardiac physiology as well as in the progression of myocardial diseases. Due to difficulty accessing the heart in vivo, advanced in vitro cardiac 'tissues-on-a-chip' have become a recent focus for studying EVs in the heart. These physiologically relevant models are producing new insight into the role of EVs in cardiac physiology and disease while providing a useful platform for screening novel EV-based therapeutics for cardiac tissue regeneration post-injury. Numerous hurdles have stalled the clinical translation of EV therapeutics for heart patients, but tissue-on-a-chip models are playing an important role in bridging the translational gap, improving mechanistic understanding of EV signalling in cardiac physiology, disease, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Wagner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
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192
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Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, Falcao-Pires I, Giacca M, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Hooghiemstra A, Leeuwis A, Hermkens D, Tocchetti CG, van der Velden J, Zacchigna S, Thum T. Reciprocal organ interactions during heart failure: a position paper from the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2416-2433. [PMID: 33483724 PMCID: PMC8562335 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure-either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFpEF)-is a clinical syndrome of multifactorial and gender-dependent aetiology, indicating the insufficiency of the heart to pump blood adequately to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Typical symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue with impaired exercise capacity, and peripheral oedema, thereby alluding to the fact that heart failure is a syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. Patients suffering from progressed heart failure have a very limited life expectancy, lower than that of numerous cancer types. In this position paper, we provide an overview regarding interactions between the heart and other organ systems, the clinical evidence, underlying mechanisms, potential available or yet-to-establish animal models to study such interactions and finally discuss potential new drug interventions to be developed in the future. Our working group suggests that more experimental research is required to understand the individual molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure and reinforces the urgency for tailored therapeutic interventions that target not only the heart but also other related affected organ systems to effectively treat heart failure as a clinical syndrome that affects and involves multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciccarelli
- University of Salerno, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi(Salerno), Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2DZ, UK
| | - Inês Falcao-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King’s College London, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, 125 Caldharbour Lane, London WC2R2LS, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stéphane Heymans
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
- ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Holland Heart House, Moreelsepark 1, 3511 EP Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hooghiemstra
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annebet Leeuwis
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Hermkens
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nicolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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193
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Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112933. [PMID: 34831158 PMCID: PMC8616203 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the accumulation and composition of the extracellular matrix are part of the normal tissue repair process. During fibrosis, this process becomes dysregulated and excessive extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical properties and function of tissues involved. Historically fibrosis was thought to be progressive and irreversible; however, studies suggest that fibrosis is a dynamic process whose progression can be stopped and even reversed. This realization has led to an enhanced pursuit of therapeutic agents targeting fibrosis and extracellular matrix-producing cells. In many organs, fibroblasts are the primary cells that produce the extracellular matrix. In response to diverse mechanical and biochemical stimuli, these cells are activated or transdifferentiate into specialized cells termed myofibroblasts that have an enhanced capacity to produce extracellular matrix. It is clear that interactions between diverse cells of the heart are able to modulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Exosomes are a form of extracellular vesicle that play an important role in intercellular communication via the cargo that they deliver to target cells. While relatively recently discovered, exosomes have been demonstrated to play important positive and negative roles in the regulation of fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. These roles as well as efforts to engineer exosomes as therapeutic tools will be discussed.
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194
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Zhou X, Zhao S, Li W, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Ning J, Jiang K, Xie J, Yao X, Li H, Li C, Rao T, Yu W, Cheng F. Tubular cell-derived exosomal miR-150-5p contributes to renal fibrosis following unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating fibroblast in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4021-4033. [PMID: 34671216 PMCID: PMC8495396 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (UIRI) with longer ischemia time is associated with an increased risk of acute renal injury and chronic kidney disease. Exosomes can transport lipid, protein, mRNA, and miRNA to corresponding target cells and mediate intercellular information exchange. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exosome-derived miRNA mediates epithelial-mesenchymal cell communication relevant to renal fibrosis after UIRI. The secretion of exosomes increased remarkably in the kidney after UIRI and in rat renal tubular epithelium cells (NRK-52E) after hypoxia treatment. The inhibition of exosome secretion by Rab27a knockout or GW4869 treatment ameliorates renal fibrosis following UIRI in vivo. Purified exosomes from NRK-52E cells after hypoxia treatment could activate rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F). The inhibition of exosome secretion in hypoxic NRK-52E cells through Rab27a knockdown or GW4869 treatment abolished NRK-49F cell activation. Interestingly, exosomal miRNA array analysis revealed that miR-150-5p expression was increased after hypoxia compared with the control group. The inhibition of exosomal miR-150-5p abolished the ability of hypoxic NRK-52E cells to promote NRK-49F cell activation in vitro, injections of miR-150-5p enriched exosomes from hypoxic NRK-52E cells aggravated renal fibrosis following UIRI, and renal fibrosis after UIRI was alleviated by miR-150-5p-deficient exosome in vivo. Furthermore, tubular cell-derived exosomal miR-150-5p could negatively regulate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 to activate fibroblast. Thus, our results suggest that the blockade of exosomal miR-150-5p mediated tubular epithelial cell-fibroblast communication may provide a novel therapeutic target to prevents UIRI progression to renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinna Xie
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaobin Yao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Haoyong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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195
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Han C, Yang J, Sun J, Qin G. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease: Biological functions and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108025. [PMID: 34687770 PMCID: PMC9018895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are lipid bilayer particles naturally released from the cell. While exosomes are formed as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of the multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) and released to extracellular space upon MVE-plasma membrane fusion, microvesicles are generated through direct outward budding of the plasma membrane. Exosomes and microvesicles have same membrane orientation, different yet overlapping sizes; their cargo contents are selectively packed and dependent on the source cell type and functional state. Both exosomes and microvesicles can transfer bioactive RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from donor to recipient cells and influence the biological properties of the latter. Over the last decade, their potential roles as effective inter-tissue communicators in cardiovascular physiology and pathology have been increasingly appreciated. In addition, EVs are attractive sources of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, because they acquire their complex cargoes through cellular processes intimately linked to disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, EVs obtained from various stem/progenitor cell populations have been tested as cell-free therapy in various preclinical models of cardiovascular diseases and demonstrate unequivocally encouraging benefits. Here we summarize the findings from recent research on the biological functions of EVs in the ischemic heart disease and heart failure, and their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoshan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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196
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Valkov N, Das A, Tucker NR, Li G, Salvador AM, Chaffin MD, Pereira De Oliveira Junior G, Kur I, Gokulnath P, Ziegler O, Yeri A, Lu S, Khamesra A, Xiao C, Rodosthenous R, Srinivasan S, Toxavidis V, Tigges J, Laurent LC, Momma S, Kitchen R, Ellinor P, Ghiran I, Das S. SnRNA sequencing defines signaling by RBC-derived extracellular vesicles in the murine heart. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/12/e202101048. [PMID: 34663679 PMCID: PMC8548207 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In a unique model of fluorescent based mapping of EV recipient cells, RBC-EVs were found to signal to cardiac cells and regulate gene expression in a model of ischemic heart failure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular signaling by transferring their cargo to recipient cells, but the functional consequences of signaling are not fully appreciated. RBC-derived EVs are abundant in circulation and have been implicated in regulating immune responses. Here, we use a transgenic mouse model for fluorescence-based mapping of RBC-EV recipient cells to assess the role of this intercellular signaling mechanism in heart disease. Using fluorescent-based mapping, we detected an increase in RBC-EV–targeted cardiomyocytes in a murine model of ischemic heart failure. Single cell nuclear RNA sequencing of the heart revealed a complex landscape of cardiac cells targeted by RBC-EVs, with enrichment of genes implicated in cell proliferation and stress signaling pathways compared with non-targeted cells. Correspondingly, cardiomyocytes targeted by RBC-EVs more frequently express cellular markers of DNA synthesis, suggesting the functional significance of EV-mediated signaling. In conclusion, our mouse model for mapping of EV-recipient cells reveals a complex cellular network of RBC-EV–mediated intercellular communication in ischemic heart failure and suggests a functional role for this mode of intercellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedyalka Valkov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avash Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan R Tucker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ane M Salvador
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Chaffin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ivan Kur
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Ziegler
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shulin Lu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aushee Khamesra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyang Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Srimeenakshi Srinivasan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - John Tigges
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Momma
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Kitchen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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197
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Amoni M, Dries E, Ingelaere S, Vermoortele D, Roderick HL, Claus P, Willems R, Sipido KR. Ventricular Arrhythmias in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy-New Avenues for Mechanism-Guided Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:2629. [PMID: 34685609 PMCID: PMC8534043 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). In patients who are at high risk after myocardial infarction, implantable cardioverter defibrillators are the most effective treatment to reduce incidence of SCD and ablation therapy can be effective for ventricular arrhythmias with identifiable culprit lesions. Yet, these approaches are not always successful and come with a considerable cost, while pharmacological management is often poor and ineffective, and occasionally proarrhythmic. Advances in mechanistic insights of arrhythmias and technological innovation have led to improved interventional approaches that are being evaluated clinically, yet pharmacological advancement has remained behind. We review the mechanistic basis for current management and provide a perspective for gaining new insights that centre on the complex tissue architecture of the arrhythmogenic infarct and border zone with surviving cardiac myocytes as the source of triggers and central players in re-entry circuits. Identification of the arrhythmia critical sites and characterisation of the molecular signature unique to these sites can open avenues for targeted therapy and reduce off-target effects that have hampered systemic pharmacotherapy. Such advances are in line with precision medicine and a patient-tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amoni
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.A.); (E.D.); (S.I.); (H.L.R.); (R.W.)
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
| | - Eef Dries
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.A.); (E.D.); (S.I.); (H.L.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Sebastian Ingelaere
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.A.); (E.D.); (S.I.); (H.L.R.); (R.W.)
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dylan Vermoortele
- Imaging and Cardiovascular Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.); (P.C.)
| | - H. Llewelyn Roderick
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.A.); (E.D.); (S.I.); (H.L.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Piet Claus
- Imaging and Cardiovascular Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Rik Willems
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.A.); (E.D.); (S.I.); (H.L.R.); (R.W.)
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R. Sipido
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.A.); (E.D.); (S.I.); (H.L.R.); (R.W.)
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198
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Yin Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang X. Roles of extracellular vesicles in the aging microenvironment and age-related diseases. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12154. [PMID: 34609061 PMCID: PMC8491204 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a persistently hypoproliferative state with diverse stressors in a specific aging microenvironment. Senescent cells have a double-edged sword effect: they can be physiologically beneficial for tissue repair, organ growth, and body homeostasis, and they can be pathologically harmful in age-related diseases. Among the hallmarks of senescence, the SASP, especially SASP-related extracellular vesicle (EV) signalling, plays the leading role in aging transmission via paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. EVs are successful in intercellular and interorgan communication in the aging microenvironment and age-related diseases. They have detrimental effects on downstream targets at the levels of immunity, inflammation, gene expression, and metabolism. Furthermore, EVs obtained from different donors are also promising materials and tools for antiaging treatments and are used for regeneration and rejuvenation in cell-free systems. Here, we describe the characteristics of cellular senescence and the aging microenvironment, concentrating on the production and function of EVs in age-related diseases, and provide new ideas for antiaging therapy with EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ludi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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199
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Martins-Marques T. Connecting different heart diseases through intercellular communication. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058777. [PMID: 34494646 PMCID: PMC8443862 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-orchestrated intercellular communication networks are pivotal to maintaining cardiac homeostasis and to ensuring adaptative responses and repair after injury. Intracardiac communication is sustained by cell-cell crosstalk, directly via gap junctions (GJ) and tunneling nanotubes (TNT), indirectly through the exchange of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EV), and by cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. GJ-mediated communication between cardiomyocytes and with other cardiac cell types enables electrical impulse propagation, required to sustain synchronized heart beating. In addition, TNT-mediated organelle transfer has been associated with cardioprotection, whilst communication via EV plays diverse pathophysiological roles, being implicated in angiogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis. Connecting various cell populations, the ECM plays important functions not only in maintaining the heart structure, but also acting as a signal transducer for intercellular crosstalk. Although with distinct etiologies and clinical manifestations, intercellular communication derailment has been implicated in several cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction and hypertrophy, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive and integrated view of complex cell communication networks. In this review, I intend to provide a critical perspective about the main mechanisms contributing to regulate cellular crosstalk in the heart, which may be considered in the development of future therapeutic strategies, using cell-based therapies as a paradigmatic example. This Review has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins-Marques
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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200
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Liu C, Chen S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Gao Q, Chen Z, Liu Z, Wang J. Bioinformatic analysis for potential biological processes and key targets of heart failure-related stroke. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:718-732. [PMID: 34514752 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to uncover underlying mechanisms and promising intervention targets of heart failure (HF)-related stroke. HF-related dataset GSE42955 and stroke-related dataset GSE58294 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify key modules and hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on genes in the key modules. Genes in HF- and stroke-related key modules were intersected to obtain common genes for HF-related stroke, which were further intersected with hub genes of stroke-related key modules to obtain key genes in HF-related stroke. Key genes were functionally annotated through GO in the Reactome and Cytoscape databases. Finally, key genes were validated in these two datasets and other datasets. HF- and stroke-related datasets each identified two key modules. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that protein ubiquitination, Wnt signaling, and exosomes were involved in both HF- and stroke-related key modules. Additionally, ten hub genes were identified in stroke-related key modules and 155 genes were identified as common genes in HF-related stroke. OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity(OTULIN) and nuclear factor interleukin 3-regulated(NFIL3) were determined to be the key genes in HF-related stroke. Through functional annotation, OTULIN was involved in protein ubiquitination and Wnt signaling, and NFIL3 was involved in DNA binding and transcription. Importantly, OTULIN and NFIL3 were also validated to be differentially expressed in all HF and stroke groups. Protein ubiquitination, Wnt signaling, and exosomes were involved in HF-related stroke. OTULIN and NFIL3 may play a key role in HF-related stroke through regulating these processes, and thus serve as promising intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qingyuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhiteng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China. .,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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