2151
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Skene WG, Lehn JMP. Dynamers: polyacylhydrazone reversible covalent polymers, component exchange, and constitutional diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:8270-5. [PMID: 15150411 PMCID: PMC420383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401885101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Component exchange in reversible polymers allows the generation of dynamic constitutional diversity. The polycondensation of dihydrazides with dialdehydes generates polyacylhydrazones, to which the acylhydrazone functionality formed confers both hydrogen-bonding and reversibility features through the amide and imine groups, respectively. Polyacylhydrazones are thus dynamic polyamides. They are able to reversibly exchange either one or both of their repeating monomer units in the presence of different monomers, thus presenting constitutional dynamic diversity. The polymers subjected to monomer exchange/interchange may be brought to exhibit physical properties vastly different from those of the original polymer. The principle may be extended to other important classes of polymers, giving access, for instance, to dynamic polyureas or polycarbamates. These reversible polymers are therefore able to incorporate, decorporate, or reshuffle their constituting monomers, namely in response to environmental physical or chemical factors, an adaptability feature central to constitutional dynamic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams G Skene
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, 8, Allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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2152
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Kim HJ, Zin WC, Lee M. Anion-Directed Self-Assembly of Coordination Polymer into Tunable Secondary Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:7009-14. [PMID: 15174870 DOI: 10.1021/ja049799v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bent-shaped bipyridine ligand containing a dendritic aliphatic side chain has been synthesized as a ligand and complexed with silver ion through a self-assembling process. The resulting complexes were observed to self-assemble into supramolecular structures that differ significantly as a function of the counteranion size in the solid state, as confirmed by 1-D and 2-D X-ray diffraction experiments. The secondary structure of a cationic coordination chain appears to be dependent on the size of the counteranion. As the size of anion increases, the secondary structure of the coordination chain changes, from a helical chain, via a dimeric cycle, to a zigzag chain in the solid state. Interestingly, dilute solutions of the complexes exhibiting a columnar structure in polar solvents undergo spontaneous gelation and the resulting gels display a significant Cotton effect in the chromophore of the aromatic unit. These results represent a significant example that small variation in the anion size can provide a useful strategy to manipulate the secondary structure of linear chain and thereby solid-state supramolecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Joong Kim
- Center for Supramolecular Nano-Assembly and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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2153
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Zhao D, Moore JS. Nucleation-elongation: a mechanism for cooperative supramolecular polymerization. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 1:3471-91. [PMID: 14599006 DOI: 10.1039/b308788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of polymerizations following a cooperative, nucleation-elongation mechanism are discussed in comparison to those of non-cooperative, isodesmic polymerizations. Nucleation-elongation polymerization is a relatively unexplored avenue of synthetic polymer chemistry and offers some unique and interesting thermodynamic and kinetic attributes not found in the more classical mechanisms of polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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2154
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Yelamaggad CV, Achalkumar AS, Shankar Rao DS, Prasad SK. Self-Assembly of C3h and Cs Symmetric Keto-enamine Forms of Tris(N-salicyl-ideneanilines) into Columnar Phases: A New Family of Discotic Liquid Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:6506-7. [PMID: 15161250 DOI: 10.1021/ja0495967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of discotic liquid crystals derived from tris(N-salicylideneanilines) existing exclusively in their C3h and Cs keto-enamine tautomeric forms is reported. These compounds self-assemble to form columnar liquid crystalline phases with a small core-core separation as evidenced by X-ray diffraction studies.
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2155
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Ouyang J, Zhou S, Wang F, Goh SH. Structures and Properties of Supramolecular Assembled Fullerenol/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0495850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Shuiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Suat Hong Goh
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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2156
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Park JW, Thomas EL. Anisotropic Micellar Nanoobjects from Reactive Liquid Crystalline Rod−Coil Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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2157
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Saxena A, Guo G, Fujiki M, Yang Y, Ohira A, Okoshi K, Naito M. Helical Polymer Command Surface: Thermodriven Chiroptical Transfer and Amplification in Binary Polysilane Film System. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035788v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Saxena
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, and CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Guangqing Guo
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, and CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, and CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yonggang Yang
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, and CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohira
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, and CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kento Okoshi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, and CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masanobu Naito
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, and CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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2158
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Azumaya I, Uchida D, Kato T, Yokoyama A, Tanatani A, Takayanagi H, Yokozawa T. Absolute Helical Arrangement of Stacked Benzene Rings: Heterogeneous Double-Helical Interaction Comprising a Hydrogen-Bonding Belt and an Offset Parallel Aromatic-Aromatic-Interaction Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:1360-3. [PMID: 15368406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200352788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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2159
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Azumaya I, Uchida D, Kato T, Yokoyama A, Tanatani A, Takayanagi H, Yokozawa T. Absolute Helical Arrangement of Stacked Benzene Rings: Heterogeneous Double-Helical Interaction Comprising a Hydrogen-Bonding Belt and an Offset Parallel Aromatic-Aromatic-Interaction Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200352788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2160
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Lou X, Zhu Q, Lei Z, van Dongen JLJ, Meijer EW. Simulation of size exclusion chromatography for characterization of supramolecular complex: a theoretical study. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1029:67-75. [PMID: 15032351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple chromatographic model was used to simulate the retention behavior of supramolecular complex in size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Two fundamental model complexes, directional complementary couple (AB) and self-complementary unit (AA), were employed to investigate the influence of various parameters in the SEC characterization/confirmation of supramolecular association. Peak tailing, peak fronting, peak splitting and retention time shifting were observed under different conditions. It was found that the chromatographic peak shape and retention time were strongly affected by the association constant, sample concentration, as well as the addition of a reactant in the mobile phase. Furthermore, using the same model, the chromatographic process of Hummel-Dreyer procedure was simulated, and the results indicated that the procedure can be a good method for the determination of association constants for AB type complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Lou
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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2161
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Novel multiply hydrogen-bonded heterodimers based on heterocyclic ureas. Folding and stability. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2162
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Xu J, Fogleman EA, Craig SL. Structure and Properties of DNA-Based Reversible Polymers. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035546v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Elizabeth A. Fogleman
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
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2163
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Endo M, Majima T. Control of a double helix DNA assembly by use of cross-linked oligonucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 125:13654-5. [PMID: 14599191 DOI: 10.1021/ja036752l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide cross-linked oligonucleotides for connecting two DNA double helixes have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. Employing these cross-linked oligonucleotides, two double helixes can be arranged side by side, and the orientations can be controlled both in parallel and antiparallel ways by addition of a specific complementary DNA strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Endo
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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2164
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Shao XB, Jiang XK, Zhao X, Zhao CX, Chen Y, Li ZT. Recognition through Self-Assembly. A Quadruply-Hydrogen-Bonded, Strapped Porphyrin Cleft That Binds Dipyridyl Molecules and a [2]Rotaxane. J Org Chem 2004; 69:899-907. [PMID: 14750820 DOI: 10.1021/jo0351872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quadruply-hydrogen-bonded porphyrin homodimer Zn1.Zn1 has been designed, assembled, and evaluated as a supramolecular cleft-featured receptor for its ability to bind dipyridyl guests in chloroform-d. Monomer Zn1 consists of a 2-ureidopyrimidin-4(1H)-one unit, which was initially reported by Meijer et al., and a zinc porphyrin unit. The zinc porphyrin is strapped with an additional aliphatic chain for controlling the atropisomerization of porphyrin. The 2-ureidopyrimidin-4(1H)-one unit dimerizes exclusively in chloroform even at the dilute concentration of 10(-)(4) M, while the two "strapped" zinc porphyrin units of the homodimer provide additional binding sites for selective guest recognition. (1)H NMR studies indicate that the new homodimer Zn1.Zn1 adopts an S-type conformation due to strong donor-acceptor interaction between the electron-rich porphyrin units and the electron-deficient 2-ureidopyrimidin-4(1H)-one unit. (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and vapor pressure osmometry investigations reveal that Zn1.Zn1 could function as a new generation of assembled supramolecular cleft, to be able to not only efficiently bind linear dipyridyl molecules 14-17, resulting in the formation of stable termolecular complexes, with K(aasoc) values ranging from 3.8 x 10(6) to 8.9 x 10(7) M(-)(1), but also strongly complex a hydrogen-bond-assembled [2]rotaxane, 18, which consists of a rigid fumaramide thread and a pyridine-incorporated tetraamide cyclophane, with K(aasoc) = 1.2 x 10(4) M(-)(1). (1)H NMR competition experiments reveal that complexation to the dipyriyl guests also promotes the stability of the quadruply-hydrogen-bonded dimeric receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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2165
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Ruslim C, Hashimoto M, Matsunaga D, Tamaki T, Ichimura K. Optical and surface morphological properties of polarizing films fabricated from a chromonic dye by the photoalignment technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:95-100. [PMID: 15745005 DOI: 10.1021/la035366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The inherent chromonic lyotropic liquid crystalline properties of a dye have been manipulated to fabricate multi-axial micropolarizing thin films by means of the photoalignment technique. The dye aqueous solution is deposited on a photopatterned polymer film to result in the macroscopic alignment of the dye molecules, followed by drying at ambient temperature. The solid polarizing dye layers thus produced exhibit very a high contrast ratio and degree of polarization in the region of visible light. Addition of a small amount of surfactant to the dye solution is a prerequisite for the generation of a nematic chromonic phase and for the formation of homogeneous thin dye layers on the polymer film. The correlation between the optical and surface morphological properties of the dye layers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ruslim
- Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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2166
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Hofmeier H, El-Ghayoury A, Schubert US. Free radical and thermal curing of terpyridine-modified terpolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2167
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Lohmeijer BGG, Schubert US. Expanding the supramolecular polymer LEGO system: Nitroxide-mediated living free-radical polymerization as a tool for mono- and telechelic polystyrenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2168
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Carroll JB, Gray M, Cooke G, Rotello VM. Proton transfer versus redox modulation in thiourea-phenanthrenequinone molecular and polymeric complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:442-3. [PMID: 14765249 DOI: 10.1039/b312349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthrenequinone undergoes highly efficient proton transfer processes in the presence of a thiourea-functionalised polystyrene copolymer whereas interactions with a similar benzyl-thiourea monomer show strong redox modulation of the quinone without proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2169
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Sakai N, Matile S. Programmed assembly of rigid-rod ?-barrel pores: Thermal inversion of chirality. Chirality 2004; 16 Suppl:S28-35. [PMID: 15239070 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The programmed assembly of p-octiphenyl rods carrying six complementary tripeptide strands was studied in the presence of bilayer membranes using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Thermal CD experiments demonstrated programmed assembly of anionic and cationic rods into supramolecules at low temperature that irreversibly transform into more stable supramolecules at intermediate and high temperature. Higher activation energies for programmed assembly with rods containing multiple guanidinium rather than ammonium cations was consistent with stabilization by guanidinium-anion complexes. Qualitative thermal inversion of supramolecular chirality during programmed assembly was detected continuously. Inversion of supramolecular chirality occurred with decreasing solvent polarity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2170
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Lohmeijer BGG, Wouters D, Yin Z, Schubert US. Block copolymer libraries: modular versatility of the macromolecular Lego® system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:2886-7. [PMID: 15599456 DOI: 10.1039/b411777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a new 4 x 4 library of block copolymers based on polystyrene and poly(ethylene oxide) connected by an asymmetrical octahedral bis(terpyridine) ruthenium complex at the block junction are described, while initial studies on the thin film morphology of the components of the library are presented by the use of Atomic Force Microscopy, demonstrating the impact of a library approach to derive structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas G G Lohmeijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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2171
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The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part VIII, 1999–2001. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(04)87001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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2172
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Hofmeier H, Schubert US. Recent developments in the supramolecular chemistry of terpyridine–metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2004; 33:373-99. [PMID: 15280970 DOI: 10.1039/b400653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review describes recent developments in the field of supramolecular chemistry of terpyridine-metal complexes. The synthesis and characteristics of single as well as multiple homo- and heterometallic complexes is discussed. Furthermore, complexes containing fullerenes, biological building blocks, extended aggregates of different architectures as well as rings are presented. A special emphasis is placed upon the properties (e.g. redox properties, luminescence etc.) of functional systems. Potential applications in optical nano-devices, molecular storage units, molecular switches and solar cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hofmeier
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, The Netherlands
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2173
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El-ghayoury A, Hofmeier H, Schenning AP, Schubert US. Self-assembled chiral terpyridine ruthenium complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2174
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Kim K, Kim D, Lee JW, Ko YH, Kim K. Growth of poly(pseudorotaxane) on gold using host-stabilized charge-transfer interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:848-9. [PMID: 15045094 DOI: 10.1039/b400783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel supramolecular polymer (poly(pseudorotaxane)) in which the repeating units are linked by host-stabilized charge-transfer interaction between the guest molecules is grown on gold and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungpil Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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2175
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Ishikawa M, Maeda K, Mitsutsuji Y, Yashima E. An Unprecedented Memory of Macromolecular Helicity Induced in an Achiral Polyisocyanide in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 126:732-3. [PMID: 14733544 DOI: 10.1021/ja039279k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have found an unprecedented memory of macromolecular helicity induced in an achiral sodium salt of poly(4-carboxyphenyl isocyanide) (poly-1-Na). Poly-1-Na folds into a one-handed helix through configurational isomerization around the C=N backbones by interactions with optically active amines in water. The helix remains when the optically active amines are completely removed, and further modifications of the side group to carboxy and esters can be possible without loss of the macromolecular helicity memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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2176
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Shikata T, Ogata D, Hanabusa K. Viscoelastic Behavior of Supramolecular Polymeric Systems Consisting of N,N‘,N‘‘-Tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide and n-Alkanes. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030510q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Shikata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanabusa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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2177
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Das K, Nakade H, Penelle J, Rotello VM. Synthesis and Recognition Properties of Polymers Containing Embedded Binding Sites. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0346355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Das
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Hiroshi Nakade
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Jacques Penelle
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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2178
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Zhao X, Wang XZ, Jiang XK, Chen YQ, Li ZT, Chen GJ. Hydrazide-Based Quadruply Hydrogen-Bonded Heterodimers. Structure, Assembling Selectivity, and Supramolecular Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15128-39. [PMID: 14653748 DOI: 10.1021/ja037312x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis, self-assembly, and characterization of a new class of highly stable hydrazide-based quadruply hydrogen-bonded heterodimers. All of the hydrazide-derived heterodimers possess the complementary ADDA-DAAD hydrogen-bonding sequences. Hydrazide derivatives 1, which has two intramolecular S(6) RO.H-N hydrogen bonds, and 2 complex to afford two fastly exchanging isomeric heterodimers 1.2 and 1.2' in chloroform, as a result of two different conformational arrangements of 2. An average binding constant K(assoc) of 4.7 x 10(4) M(-)(1) was determined for heterodimer 1.2 and 1.2' by (1)H NMR titration of 1 with changing 2 in chloroform-d. In contrast, 1 binds 11 and 12, both of which are introduced with two intramolecular S(6) hydrogen bonds, to exclusively afford heterodimers 1.11 and 1.12, with K(assoc) values of 1.8 x 10(4) and 5.0 x 10(2) M(-)(1), respectively. Fluorine-containing 19, which has a hydrazide skeleton identical to that of 1 but two intramolecular S(6) F.H-N hydrogen bonds, can also complex with 2, 11, and 12, to afford heterodimers 19.2, 19.2', 19.11, and 19.12, with K(assoc) values of of 1.2 x 10(4) (average value for 19.2 and 19.2'), 5.4 x 10(3), and 1.9 x 10(2) M(-)(1), respectively. The structures of the new heterodimers have been proven with NOESY, IR, and VPO (for some of the heterodimers) experiments. Moreover, 1 and 19 can also strongly bind 2,7-dilauroylamido-1,8-naphthyridine 23 to afford dimers 1.23 and 19.23 with K(assoc) values of 6.0 x 10(5) and 1.4 x 10(5) M(-)(1), respectively. Adding 1 to the 1:1 solution of 23 and 1-octyl-3-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)urea 24 or 1-octyl-3-(4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2-yl)urea 25, which had been developed initially by Zimmerman and Meijer, respectively, induces dimers 23.24 and 23.25 to dissociate, leading to the formation of dimers 1.23 and 24.24 or 25.25, respectively. The new hydrazide-based hydrogen-bonding modules described are useful building blocks for self-assembly and open a new avenue to recognition between discrete supramolecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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2179
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Abstract
[structure: see text] A switchable, supramolecular polymer is introduced which is held together through hydrogen bonding and reversibly precipitates-redissolves upon subtle pH control. Precipitating, it entraps and stores guest molecules within the self-assembling capsules incorporated within the polymeric chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the Converging Biotechnology Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
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2180
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Khatri CA, Stansbury JW, Schultheisz CR, Antonucci JM. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of urethane derivatives of Bis-GMA. Dent Mater 2003; 19:584-8. [PMID: 12901981 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(02)00108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to synthesize derivatives of Bis-GMA having pendant n-alkyl urethane substituents and to characterize and evaluate their physicochemical properties. METHODS Stoichiometric amounts of Bis-GMA and n-alkyl isocyanates were reacted in dichloromethane with dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. Volumetric shrinkage, water uptake, degree of vinyl conversion, refractive index and viscosity of resulting urethane monomers and those of Bis-GMA were measured. The flexural strengths of their corresponding homopolymers and that of Bis-GMA were also measured. RESULTS These types of urethane derivatives of Bis-GMA exhibited lower viscosities and were more hydrophobic than Bis-GMA. Generally, the viscosity of these experimental monomers decreased with increasing chain length of the alkyl urethane substituent. Photopolymerization of the new monomers gave high degrees of vinyl conversion compared to Bis-GMA. The experimental monomers also yielded polymers with lower polymerization shrinkages at equivalent degrees of vinyl conversion, than Bis-GMA. The refractive indices of these urethane derivatives were similar to Bis-GMA, but the flexural strengths of their polymers were lower than that of the Bis-GMA homopolymer, decreasing with increasing chain length of the alkyl urethane substituent. SIGNIFICANCE Because of their excellent overall properties, these new derivatives of Bis-GMA have potential as dental monomers that can improve many properties of resin based dental materials that utilize methacrylate monomer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan A Khatri
- NIST, Polymers Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8545, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8545, USA.
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2181
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Söntjens SHM, van Genderen MHP, Sijbesma RP. Intermolecular 2hJNN Coupling in Multiply Hydrogen-Bonded Ureidopyrimidinone Dimers in Solution. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9070-5. [PMID: 14604382 DOI: 10.1021/jo034889o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
15N-Labeled ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinones 4a and 5a were synthesized in order to investigate hydrogen bonding in the strongly hydrogen-bonded dimers in solution with intermolecular (2h)J(NN) coupling. Both direct-detection (15)N NMR and one-dimensional (15)N INADEQUATE (for smaller scalar coupling constants) were employed to determine the coupling constants. For dimers of 4 in CDCl(3), a temperature-dependent (2h)J(NN) was observed ranging from 2 Hz at +10 degrees C to 5.1 Hz at -20 degrees C. In dimers of more slowly exchanging bifunctional derivative 5, the coupling constants could be determined at room temperature from an inverse-gated (1)H-decoupled (15)N NMR experiment. Coupling constants in different isomers of the dimer of 5a (4.96, 5.13, 4.37, and 5.27 Hz) were used to test the relationship between (2h)J(NN) values and N-N distances as proposed by Del Bene et al. The N-N distances calculated with the aid of this relationship show excellent agreement with the distances observed in the X-ray crystal structures of 5b, particularly when the nonlinearity of the hydrogen bonds is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge H M Söntjens
- Department of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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2182
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Inai Y, Oshikawa T, Yamashita M, Tagawa K, Hirabayashi T. Crystal structure of achiral nonapeptide Boc-(Aib-?zPhe)4-Aib-OMe at atomic resolution: Evidence for a 310-helix. Biopolymers 2003; 70:310-22. [PMID: 14579304 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An x-ray crystallographic analysis was carried out for Boc-(Aib-DeltaZPhe)4-Aib-OMe (1: Boc = t-butoxycarbonyl; Aib = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid; DeltaZPhe = Z-alpha,beta-didehydrophenylalanine) to provide the precise conformational parameters of the octapeptide segment -(Aib-DeltaZPhe)4-. Peptide 1 adopted a typical 3(10)-helical conformation characterized by <phi> = +/-55.8 degrees (50 degrees -65 degrees), <psi> = +/-26.7 degrees (15 degrees -45 degrees), and <omega> = +/-179.5 degrees (168 degrees -188 degrees) for the average values of the -(Aib-DeltaZPhe)4- segment (the range of the eight values). The 3(10)-helix contains 3.1 residues per turn, being close to the "perfect 3(10)-helix" characterized by 3.0 residues per turn. NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the 3(10)-helical conformation at the atomic resolution is essentially maintained in solution. Energy minimization of peptide 1 by semiempirical molecular orbital calculation converged to a 3(10)-helical conformation similar to the x-ray crystallographic 3(10)-helix. The preference for a 3(10)-helix in the -(Aib-DeltaZPhe)4- segment is ascribed to strong inducers of the 3(10)-helix inherent in Aib and DeltaZPhe residues-in particular, the Aib residues tend to stabilize a 3(10)-helix more effectively. Therefore, the -(Aib-DeltaZPhe)4- segment is useful to rationally design an optically inactive 3(10)-helical backbone, which will be of great importance to provide novel insights into noncovalent and covalent chiral interactions of a helical peptide with a chiral molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Inai
- Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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2183
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Rowan SJ, Suwanmala P, Sivakova S. Nucleobase-induced supramolecular polymerization in the solid state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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2184
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2185
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Gopalan P, Li X, Li M, Ober CK, Gonzales CP, Hawker CJ. Rod-coil block copolymers: An iterative synthetic approach via living free-radical procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2186
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Rapp A, Schnell I, Sebastiani D, Brown SP, Percec V, Spiess HW. Supramolecular Assembly of Dendritic Polymers Elucidated by 1H and 13C Solid-State MAS NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13284-97. [PMID: 14570506 DOI: 10.1021/ja035127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advanced solid-state NMR methods under fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) are used to study the structure and dynamics of large supramolecular systems, which consist of a polymer backbone with dendritic side groups and self-assemble into a columnar structure. The NMR experiments are performed on as-synthesized samples, i.e., no isotopic enrichment is required. The analysis of (1)H NMR chemical-shift effects as well as dipolar (1)H-(1)H or (1)H-(13)C couplings provide site-specific insight into the local structure and the segmental dynamics, in particular, of phenyl rings and -CH(2)O- linking units within the dendrons. Relative changes of (1)H chemical shifts (of up to -3 ppm) serve as distance constraints and allow protons to be positioned relative to aromatic rings. Together with dipolar spinning sideband patterns, pi-pi packing phenomena and local order parameters (showing variations between 30% and 100%) are selectively and precisely determined, enabling the identification of the dendron cores as the structure-directing moieties within the supramolecular architecture. The study is carried out over a representative selection of systems which reflect characteristic differences, such as different polymer backbones, sizes of dendritic side groups, or length and flexibility of linking units. While the polymer backbone is found to have virtually no effect on the overall structure and properties, the systems are sensitively affected by changing the generation or the linkage of the dendrons. The results help to understand the self-assembly process of dendritic moieties and aid the chemical design of self-organizing molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Postfach 3148, 55021 Mainz, Germany
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2187
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Simic V, Bouteiller L, Jalabert M. Highly Cooperative Formation of Bis-Urea Based Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13148-54. [PMID: 14570489 DOI: 10.1021/ja037589x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eleven bis-ureas have been synthesized, and some of their properties are reported. Several of these compounds form supramolecular polymers in organic solvents. The self-association is shown by FTIR spectroscopy to display cooperativity at two levels. The first level of cooperativity is due to the synergistic association of the two urea functions of a single molecule. The second level of cooperativity is revealed by the fact that the formation of dimers is less favored than that of long oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Simic
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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2188
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2189
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Vermonden T, van der Gucht J, de Waard P, Marcelis ATM, Besseling NAM, Sudhölter EJR, Fleer GJ, Cohen Stuart MA. Water-Soluble Reversible Coordination Polymers: Chains and Rings. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030353t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vermonden
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A. M. Besseling
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. Fleer
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2190
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Zhang ZB, Motonaga M, Fujiki M, McKenna CE. The First Optically Active Polycarbazoles. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0344184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Biao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0744; JST-CREST; and Advanced Polymer Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Material Science, Nara Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Masao Motonaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0744; JST-CREST; and Advanced Polymer Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Material Science, Nara Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0744; JST-CREST; and Advanced Polymer Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Material Science, Nara Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Charles E. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0744; JST-CREST; and Advanced Polymer Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Material Science, Nara Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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2191
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You CC, Würthner F. Self-assembly of ferrocene-functionalized perylene bisimide bridging ligands with PtII corner to electrochemically active molecular squares. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:9716-25. [PMID: 12904037 DOI: 10.1021/ja029648x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl-substituted N,N'-di(4-pyridyl)perylene bisimide ligands have been synthesized by the coupling reaction of hydroxyphenoxy-perylene bisimides with ferrocenyl carboxylic acids. By means of metallosupramolecular self-assembly, hitherto unprecedented multiredox active dendritic molecular squares with 16 ferrocene groups positioned in the bridging ligands are prepared from the perylene bispyridyl imide ligands and [Pt(dppp)][(OTf)(2)] (dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphano)propane; OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) corner in high yield. The isolated metallosupramolecular squares were characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H, (31)P[(1)H] NMR, and UV/vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the ligands and squares are investigated by cyclic voltammetry as well as spectroelectrochemistry. The results obtained show that the redox behavior of ferrocene units is influenced by the square superstructure. Furthermore, redox titration of free ligand and corresponding molecular square with the one-electron oxidant thianthrenium pentachloroantimonate reveals that ferrocene groups in these structures may be oxidized completely by this oxidant, and highly charged species generated through oxidation of ferrocenyl groups in molecular square cause decomposition of the assembly due to pronounced Coulombic repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng You
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
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2192
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Li G, Hou H, Li L, Meng X, Fan Y, Zhu Y. Novel Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) coordination polymers constructed from ferrocenyl-substituted carboxylate and bipyridine-based ligands. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4995-5004. [PMID: 12895125 DOI: 10.1021/ic034324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of two kinds of ferrocenyl-substituted carboxylate ligands (3-ferrocenyl-2-crotonic acid, HOOC-CH=(CH(3))CFc (Fc=(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))Fe(eta(5)-C(5)H(4))) or O-ferrocecarbonyl benzoic acid, o-HOOCC(6)H(4)COFc with Pb(OAc)(2).3H(2)O, Zn(OAc)(2).2H(2)O, or Cd(OAc)(2).2H(2)O) resulted in four novel ferrocene-containing coordination polymers [[Pb(mu(2)-eta(2)-OOCCH=(CH(3))CFc)(2)].MeOH](n) (1), [[Zn(o-OOCC(6)H(4)COFc)(2)(4,4'-bipy)(H(2)O)(2)].2MeOH.2H(2)O](n) (4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) (2), [[Cd(o-OOCC(6)H(4)COFc)(2)(bpe)(MeOH)(2)].2H(2)O](n) (bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene) (3), and [Pb(o-OOCC(6)H(4)COFc)(eta(2)-o-OOCC(6)H(4)COFc)(bpe)](n)() (4). Their crystal structures have been characterized by single X-ray determinations. In polymer 1, Pb(II) ions are bridged by tridentate FcC(CH(3))=CHCOO(-) anions, forming an infinite chain [Pb(mu(2)-eta(2)-OOC=CH(CH(3))CFc)(2)](n). In polymers 2-4, there are three kinds of components, metal ions, o-FcCOC(6)H(4)COO(-) units, and organic bridging ligands. The bipyridine-based ligands connect metal ions leading to a one-dimensional chain with o-FcCOC(6)H(4)COO(-) units acting as monodentate or chelate ligands in the side chain. Such coordination polymers containing ferrocenyl-substituted carboxylate and bipyridine-based ligands are very rare. The solution-state differential pulse voltammetries of polymers 1-4 were determined. The results indicate that the half-wave potential of the ferrocenyl moieties is influenced by the Pb(II) ions in polymer 1 and strongly influenced by Zn(II), Cd(II), or Pb(II) ions in polymers 2-4. The thermal properties of the four polymers were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450052, P. R. China
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2193
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Zeng-guo F, Sanping Z. Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable hydrogels based on photopolymerizable acrylate-terminated CL-PEG-CL macromers with supramolecular assemblies of α-cyclodextrins. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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2194
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Carroll JB, Waddon AJ, Nakade H, Rotello VM. “Plug and Play” Polymers. Thermal and X-ray Characterizations of Noncovalently Grafted Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS)−Polystyrene Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034652u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Alan J. Waddon
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Hiroshi Nakade
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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2195
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Nonokawa R, Oobo M, Yashima E. Helicity Induction on a Poly(phenylacetylene) Derivative Bearing Aza-15-crown-5 Ether Pendants in Organic Solvents and Water. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034547k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Nonokawa
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Oobo
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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2196
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Inai Y, Ousaka N, Okabe T. Mechanism for the noncovalent chiral domino effect: new paradigm for the chiral role of the N-terminal segment in a 3(10)-helix. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8151-62. [PMID: 12837085 DOI: 10.1021/ja035040s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, novel chiral interactions on 3(10)-helical peptides, of which the helicity is controlled by external chiral stimulus operating on the N-terminus, were proposed as a "noncovalent chiral domino effect (NCDE)" (Inai, Y.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 11731. Inai, Y.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2466). The present study clarifies the mechanism for generating the NCDE. For this purpose, achiral nonapeptide (1), H-beta-Ala-(Delta(Z)Phe-Aib)(4)-OMe [Delta(Z)Phe = (Z)-didehydrophenylalanine, Aib = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid], was synthesized. Peptide 1 alone adopts a 3(10)-helical conformation in chloroform. On the basis of the induced CD signals of peptide 1 with chiral additives, chiral acid enabling the predominant formation of a one-handed helix was shown to need at least both carboxyl and urethane groups; that is, Boc-l-amino acid (Boc = tert-butoxycarbonyl) strongly induces a right-handed helix. NMR studies (NH resonance variations, low-temperature measurement, and NOESY) were performed for a CDCl(3) solution of peptide 1 and chiral additive, supporting the view that the N-terminal H-beta-Ala-Delta(Z)Phe-Aib, including the two free amide NH's, captures effectively a Boc-amino acid molecule through three-point interactions. The H-beta-Ala's amino group binds to the carboxyl group to form a salt bridge, while the Aib(3) NH is hydrogen-bonded to either oxygen of the carboxylate group. Subsequently, the free Delta(Z)Phe(2) NH forms a hydrogen bond to the urethane carbonyl oxygen. A semiempirical molecular orbital computation explicitly demonstrated that the dynamic looping complexation is energetically permitted and that the N-terminal segment of a right-handed 3(10)-helix binds more favorably to a Boc-l-amino acid than to the corresponding d-species. In conclusion, the N-terminal segment of a 3(10)-helix, ubiquitous in natural proteins and peptides, possesses the potency of chiral recognition in the backbone itself, furthermore enabling the conversion of the terminally acquired chiral sign and power into a dynamic control of the original helicity and helical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Inai
- Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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2197
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Keizer HM, Sijbesma RP, Jansen JFGA, Pasternack G, Meijer EW. Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation Using Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Polymers. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034284u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henk M. Keizer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5300 MB, Eindhoven; DSM Research, Section RP-CT, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD, Geleen, The Netherlands; and DSM Desotech Inc., 1122 St. Charles Street, Elgin, Illinois 60120
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5300 MB, Eindhoven; DSM Research, Section RP-CT, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD, Geleen, The Netherlands; and DSM Desotech Inc., 1122 St. Charles Street, Elgin, Illinois 60120
| | - Johan F. G. A. Jansen
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5300 MB, Eindhoven; DSM Research, Section RP-CT, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD, Geleen, The Netherlands; and DSM Desotech Inc., 1122 St. Charles Street, Elgin, Illinois 60120
| | - George Pasternack
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5300 MB, Eindhoven; DSM Research, Section RP-CT, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD, Geleen, The Netherlands; and DSM Desotech Inc., 1122 St. Charles Street, Elgin, Illinois 60120
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5300 MB, Eindhoven; DSM Research, Section RP-CT, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD, Geleen, The Netherlands; and DSM Desotech Inc., 1122 St. Charles Street, Elgin, Illinois 60120
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2198
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Kjøniksen AL, Hiorth M, Roots J, Nyström B. Shear-Induced Association and Gelation of Aqueous Solutions of Pectin. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0302358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Kjøniksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaan Roots
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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2199
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Hoogenboom R, Wouters D, Schubert US. l-Lactide Polymerization Utilizing a Hydroxy-Functionalized 3,6-Bis(2-pyridyl)pyridazine as Supramolecular (Co)initiator: Construction of Polymeric [2 × 2] Grids. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hoogenboom
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Wouters
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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2200
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