1
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Logtenberg M, Donners KMH, Vink JCM, van Leeuwen SS, de Waard P, de Vos P, Schols HA. Touching the High Complexity of Prebiotic Vivinal Galacto-oligosaccharides Using Porous Graphitic Carbon Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7800-7808. [PMID: 32551629 PMCID: PMC7378999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are used in infant formula to replace the health effects of human milk oligosaccharides, which appear to be dependent upon the structure of the individual oligosaccharides present. However, a comprehensive overview of the structure-specific effects is still limited as a result of the high structural complexity of GOS. In this study, porous graphitic carbon (PGC) was used as the stationary phase during ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). This approach resulted in the recognition of more than 100 different GOS structures in one single run, including reducing and non-reducing GOS isomers. Using nuclear magnetic resonance-validated structures of GOS trisaccharides, we discovered MS fragmentation rules to distinguish reducing isomers with a mono- and disubstituted terminal glucose by UHPLC-PGC-MS. UHPLC-PGC-MS enabled effective recognition of structural features of individual GOS components in complex GOS preparations and during, e.g., biological conversion reactions. Hence, this study lays the groundwork for future research into structure-specific health effects of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon
J. Logtenberg
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kristel M. H. Donners
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jolien C. M. Vink
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Cluster
Human Nutrition & Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Magnetic
Resonance Research Facility (MAGNEFY), Wageningen
University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology,
Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
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2
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van Erven G, Wang J, Sun P, de Waard P, van der Putten J, Frissen GE, Gosselink RJA, Zinovyev G, Potthast A, van Berkel WJH, Kabel MA. Structural Motifs of Wheat Straw Lignin Differ in Susceptibility to Degradation by the White-Rot Fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2019; 7:20032-20042. [PMID: 31867146 PMCID: PMC6921689 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora delignifies plant biomass extensively and selectively and, therefore, has great biotechnological potential. We previously demonstrated that after 7 weeks of fungal growth on wheat straw 70% w/w of lignin was removed and established the underlying degradation mechanisms via selectively extracted diagnostic substructures. In this work, we fractionated the residual (more intact) lignin and comprehensively characterized the obtained isolates to determine the susceptibility of wheat straw lignin's structural motifs to fungal degradation. Using 13C IS pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses, it was shown that β-O-4' ethers and the more condensed phenylcoumarans and resinols were equally susceptible to fungal breakdown. Interestingly, for β-O-4' ether substructures, marked cleavage preferences could be observed: β-O-4'-syringyl substructures were degraded more frequently than their β-O-4'-guaiacyl and β-O-4'-tricin analogues. Furthermore, diastereochemistry (threo > erythro) and γ-acylation (γ-OH > γ-acyl) influenced cleavage susceptibility. These results indicate that electron density of the 4'-O-coupled ring and local steric hindrance are important determinants of oxidative β-O-4' ether degradation. Our findings provide novel insight into the delignification mechanisms of C. subvermispora and contribute to improving the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianli Wang
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peicheng Sun
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- MAGNEFY
(MAGNEtic Resonance Research FacilitY), Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708
WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacinta van der Putten
- Wageningen
Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guus E. Frissen
- Wageningen
Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J. A. Gosselink
- Wageningen
Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grigory Zinovyev
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Willem J. H. van Berkel
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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van der Waals MJ, Plugge C, Meima-Franke M, de Waard P, Bodelier PLE, Smidt H, Gerritse J. Ethyl tert-butyl ether (EtBE) degradation by an algal-bacterial culture obtained from contaminated groundwater. Water Res 2019; 148:314-323. [PMID: 30391860 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
EtBE is a fuel oxygenate that is synthesized from (bio)ethanol and fossil-based isobutylene, and replaces the fossil-based MtBE. Biodegradation of EtBE to harmless metabolites or end products can reduce the environmental and human health risks after accidental release. In this study, an algal-bacterial culture enriched from contaminated groundwater was used to (i) assess the potential for EtBE degradation, (ii) resolve the EtBE degradation pathway and (iii) characterize the phylogenetic composition of the bacterial community involved in EtBE degradation in contaminated groundwater. In an unamended microcosm, algal growth was observed after eight weeks when exposed to a day-night light cycle. In the fed-batch reactor, oxygen produced by the algae Scenedesmus and Chlorella was used by bacteria to degrade 50 μM EtBE replenishments with a cumulative total of 1250 μM in a day/night cycle (650 lux), over a period of 913 days. The microbial community in the fed-batch reactor degraded EtBE, using a P450 monooxygenase and 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA mutase, to tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), ethanol and CO2 as determined using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography. Stable isotope probing (SIP) with 13C6 labeled EtBE in a fed-batch vessel showed no significant difference in community profiles of the 13C and 12C enriched DNA fractions, with representatives of the families Halomonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Candidatus Moranbacteria, Omnitrophica, Anaerolineaceae, Nocardiaceae, and Blastocatellaceae. This is the first study describing micro-oxic degradation of EtBE by an algal-bacterial culture. This algal-bacterial culture has advantages compared with conventional aerobic treatments: (i) a lower risk of EtBE evaporation and (ii) no need for external oxygen supply in the presence of light. This study provides novel leads towards future possibilities to implement algal-bacterial consortia in field-scale groundwater or wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle J van der Waals
- Deltares, Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Caroline Plugge
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Meima-Franke
- The Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen University & Research, BioNanoTechnology, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6700 EK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul L E Bodelier
- The Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Gerritse
- Deltares, Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van de Schans MGM, Vincken JP, de Waard P, Hamers ARM, Bovee TFH, Gruppen H. Glyceollins and dehydroglyceollins isolated from soybean act as SERMs and ER subtype-selective phytoestrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 156:53-63. [PMID: 26655113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven prenylated 6a-hydroxy-pterocapans and five prenylated 6a,11a-pterocarpenes with different kinds of prenylation were purified from an ethanolic extract of fungus-treated soybean sprouts. The activity of these compounds toward both human estrogen receptors (hERα and hERβ) was determined in a yeast bioassay and the activity toward hERα was additionally tested in an U2-OS based hERα CALUX bioassay. In the yeast bioassay, compounds with chain prenylation showed in general an agonistic mode of action toward hERα, whereas furan and pyran prenylation led to an antagonistic mode of action. Five of these antagonistic compounds had an agonistic mode of action in the U2-OS based hERα CALUX bioassay, implying that these compounds can act as SERMs. The yeast bioassay also identified 8 ER subtype-selective compounds, with either an antagonistic mode of action or no response toward hERα and an agonistic mode of action toward hERβ. The ER subtype-selective compounds were characterized by 6a-hydroxy-pterocarpan or 6a,11a-pterocarpene backbone structure. It is suggested that either the extra D-ring or the increase in length to 12-13.5Å of these compounds is responsible for an agonistic mode of action toward hERβ and, thereby, inducing ER subtype-selective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid R M Hamers
- Business Unit of Toxicology and Bioassays, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toine F H Bovee
- Business Unit of Toxicology and Bioassays, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Zhao J, Chen Z, Jin Z, de Waard P, Buwalda P, Gruppen H, Schols HA. Level and position of substituents in cross-linked and hydroxypropylated sweet potato starches using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:424-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Appeldoorn MM, de Waard P, Kabel MA, Gruppen H, Schols HA. Enzyme resistant feruloylated xylooligomer analogues from thermochemically treated corn fiber contain large side chains, ethyl glycosides and novel sites of acetylation. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:33-42. [PMID: 24056012 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to use corn fiber as a source for bioethanol production the enzymatic hydrolysis of the complex glucuronoarabinoxylans present has to be improved. Several oligosaccharides present in the supernatant of mild acid pretreated and enzymatically saccharified corn fiber that resist the current available enzymes were (semi)purified for structural analysis by NMR or ESI-MS(n). The structural features of 21 recalcitrant oligosaccharides are presented. A common feature of almost all these oligosaccharides is that they contain (part of) an α-l-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-5-O-trans-feruloyl-l-arabinofuranose side chain attached to the O-3 position of the β-1-4 linked xylose backbone. Several of the identified oligosaccharides contained an ethyl group at the reducing end hypothesized to be formed during SSF. The ethyl glycosides found are far more complex than previously described structures. A new feature present in more than half of the oligosaccharides is an acetyl group attached to the O-2 position of the same xylose to which the oligomeric side chain was attached to the O-3 position. Finding enzymes attacking these large side chains and the dense substituted xylan backbone will boost the hydrolysis of corn fiber glucuronoxylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike M Appeldoorn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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van Kempen SE, Boeriu CG, Schols HA, de Waard P, van der Linden E, Sagis LM. Novel surface-active oligofructose fatty acid mono-esters by enzymatic esterification. Food Chem 2013; 138:1884-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Tomita S, de Waard P, Bakx EJ, Schols HA, Kleerebezem M, Bron PA. The structure of an alternative wall teichoic acid produced by a Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 mutant contains a 1,5-linked poly(ribitol phosphate) backbone with 2-α-d-glucosyl substitutions. Carbohydr Res 2013; 370:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Narváez-Cuenca CE, Kuijpers TFM, Vincken JP, de Waard P, Gruppen H. New insights into an ancient antibrowning agent: formation of sulfophenolics in sodium hydrogen sulfite-treated potato extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:10247-10255. [PMID: 21854040 DOI: 10.1021/jf202624q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sodium hydrogen sulfite (S), used as antibrowning agent, on the phenolic profile of potato extracts was investigated. This extract was compared to one obtained in the presence of ascorbic acid (A). In the presence of A, two major compounds were obtained, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and 4-O-caffeoyl quinic acid. With S, their 2'-sulfo-adducts were found instead, the structures of which were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Also, for minor caffeoyl derivatives and quercetin glycosides, the corresponding sulfo-adducts were observed. Feruloyl and sinapoyl derivatives were not chemically affected by the presence of S. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was thought to be responsible for the formation of the sulfo-adducts. This was confirmed by preparing 2'-sulfo-5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid in a model system using 5-CQA, sodium hydrogen sulfite, and PPO. This sulfo-adduct exhibited a small bathochromic shift (λmax 329 nm) as compared to 5-CQA (λmax 325 nm) and a strong hypochromic shift with an extinction coefficient of 9357±395 M(-1) cm(-1) as compared to 18494±196 M(-1) cm(-1), respectively. The results suggest that whenever S is used as an antibrowning agent, the O-quinone formed with PPO reacts with S to produce sulfo-O-diphenol, which does not participate in browning reactions.
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Pérez-Bonilla M, Salido S, van Beek TA, Waard PD, Linares-Palomino PJ, Sánchez A, Altarejos J. Isolation of antioxidative secoiridoids from olive wood (Olea europaea L.) guided by on-line HPLC–DAD–radical scavenging detection. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Westphal Y, Kühnel S, de Waard P, Hinz SW, Schols HA, Voragen AG, Gruppen H. Branched arabino-oligosaccharides isolated from sugar beet arabinan. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1180-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Moglia A, Comino C, Lanteri S, de Vos R, de Waard P, van Beek TA, Goitre L, Retta SF, Beekwilder J. Production of novel antioxidative phenolic amides through heterologous expression of the plant's chlorogenic acid biosynthesis genes in yeast. Metab Eng 2010; 12:223-32. [PMID: 19941969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic esters like chlorogenic acid play an important role in therapeutic properties of many plant extracts. We aimed to produce phenolic esters in baker's yeast, by expressing tobacco 4CL and globe artichoke HCT. Indeed yeast produced phenolic esters. However, the primary product was identified as N-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid by NMR. This compound is an amide condensation product of p-coumaric acid, which was supplied to the yeast, with 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, which was unexpectedly recruited from the yeast metabolism by the HCT enzyme. N-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid has not been described before, and it shows structural similarity to avenanthramides, a group of inflammation-inhibiting compounds present in oat. When applied to mouse fibroblasts, N-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid induced a reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, indicating a potential therapeutic value for this novel compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moglia
- DiVaPRA, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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13
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de Graaf AA, Maathuis A, de Waard P, Deutz NEP, Dijkema C, de Vos WM, Venema K. Profiling human gut bacterial metabolism and its kinetics using [U-13C]glucose and NMR. NMR Biomed 2010; 23:2-12. [PMID: 19593762 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a stable-isotope metabolic approach employing [U-(13)C]glucose that, as a novelty, allows selective profiling of the human intestinal microbial metabolic products of carbohydrate food components, as well as the measurement of the kinetics of their formation pathways, in a single experiment. A well-established, validated in vitro model of human intestinal fermentation was inoculated with standardized gastrointestinal microbiota from volunteers. After culture stabilization, [U-(13)C]glucose was added as an isotopically labeled metabolic precursor. System lumen and dialysate samples were taken at regular intervals. Metabolite concentrations and isotopic labeling were determined by NMR, GC, and enzymatic methods. The main microbial metabolites were lactate, acetate, butyrate, formate, ethanol, and glycerol. They together accounted for a (13)C recovery rate as high as 91.2%. Using an NMR chemical shift prediction approach, several minor products that showed (13)C incorporation were identified as organic acids, amino acids, and various alcohols. Using computer modeling of the (12)C contents and (13)C labeling kinetics, the metabolic fluxes in the gut microbial pathways for synthesis of lactate, formate, acetate, and butyrate were determined separately for glucose and unlabeled background substrates. This novel approach enables the study of the modulation of human intestinal function by single nutrients, providing a new rational basis for achieving control of the short-chain fatty acids profile by manipulating substrate and microbiota composition in a purposeful manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A de Graaf
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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van der Star WRL, Dijkema C, de Waard P, Picioreanu C, Strous M, van Loosdrecht MCM. An intracellular pH gradient in the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis as evaluated by 31P NMR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:311-7. [PMID: 19862513 PMCID: PMC2822221 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasm of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria consists of three compartments separated by membranes. It has been suggested that a proton motive force may be generated over the membrane of the innermost compartment, the “anammoxosome”. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate intracellular pH differences in the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. With in vivo NMR, spectra were recorded of active, highly concentrated suspensions of K. stuttgartiensis in a wide-bore NMR tube. At different external pH values, two stable and distinct phosphate peaks were apparent in the recorded spectra. These peaks were equivalent with pH values of 7.3 and 6.3 and suggested the presence of a proton motive force over an intracytoplasmic membrane in K. stuttgartiensis. This study provides for the second time—after discovery of acidocalcisome-like compartments in Agrobacterium tumefaciens—evidence for an intracytoplasmic pH gradient in a chemotrophic prokaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter R L van der Star
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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15
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Grevenstuk T, van der Hooft JJ, Vervoort J, de Waard P, Romano A. Iridoid and caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycosides of the endangered carnivorous plant Pinguicula lusitanica L. (Lentibulariaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Yamanaka T, Vincken JP, de Waard P, Sanders M, Takada N, Gruppen H. Isolation, characterization, and surfactant properties of the major triterpenoid glycosides from unripe tomato fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:11432-11440. [PMID: 18998702 DOI: 10.1021/jf802351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Various triterpenoid glycosides were extracted from whole unripe tomato fruits ( Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Cedrico), using aqueous 70% (v/v) ethanol to study their surfactant properties. Cation-exchange chromatography using a Source 15S column and subsequent semipreparative HPLC using an XTerra RP18 were employed to purify individual triterpenoid glycosides from the extract. The structure of the purified compounds was established by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The furostanol glycoside tomatoside A (749 mg/kg of DW) and the glycoalkaloids alpha-tomatine (196 mg/kg of DW) and esculeoside A (427 mg/kg of DW) were the major triterpenoid glycosides present. Furthermore, minor amounts of a new dehydrofurostanol glycoside, dehydrotomatoside, were found. The critical micelle concentrations of the major triterpenoid glycosides, alpha-tomatine, tomatoside A, and esculeoside A, were determined as 0.099, 0.144, and 0.412 g/L, respectively. The results show that tomatoside A, and not the more well-known alpha-tomatine, is the predominant triterpenoidal surfactant in unripe tomato fruits.
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Voets IK, Fokkink R, de Keizer A, May RP, de Waard P, Cohen Stuart MA. On the transition between a heterogeneous and homogeneous corona in mixed polymeric micelles. Langmuir 2008; 24:12221-12227. [PMID: 18828617 DOI: 10.1021/la801816p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional NMR and small-angle neutron scattering experiments were performed on comicelles of poly(N-methyl-2-vinyl pyridinium iodide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), P2MVP-b-PEO, and poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(acryl amide), PAA-b-PAAm, in aqueous solutions to study whether a transition between a heterogeneous (Janus-type) and homogeneous corona can be observed upon a variation of parameters that are anticipated to affect the miscibility of the PEO and PAAm coronal blocks. Investigated were the effect of a salt-induced decrease in micellar aggregation number, P agg for 1<or=[NaNO3]<or=279 mM, a temperature increase for 25<or=T<or=80 degrees C, a variation of the fraction of EO monomers in the corona, fEO, at a fixed corona block length, N corona, for 0<or=fEO<or=1, a decrease in the PEO block length, N PEO, at a fixed PAAm block length, NPAAm, for 200<or=NPEO<or=450, and finally, upon a decrease in corona block length at NPAAm=NPEO for 100<or=N corona<or=400. These parameters should affect the mixing/demixing transition via their effect on the PEO/PAAm interfacial area (e.g., as in the case of f EO and P agg) or the relevant Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (e.g., as in the case of temperature). None of the above parameters was shown to yield a transition toward a homogeneous corona wherein the polymer chains are randomly mixed; i.e., the segregation of PAAm and PEO chains within the micellar corona of comicelles of PAA-b-PAAm and P2MVP-b-PEO appears to be rather robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja K Voets
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Voets IK, Moll PM, Aqil A, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C, Waard PD, Keizer AD, Stuart MAC. Temperature Responsive Complex Coacervate Core Micelles With a PEO and PNIPAAm Corona. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10833-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8014832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Puck M. Moll
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelhafid Aqil
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie de Keizer
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Krumova SB, Dijkema C, de Waard P, Van As H, Garab G, van Amerongen H. Phase behavior of phosphatidylglycerol in spinach thylakoid membranes as revealed by 31P-NMR. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1778:997-1003. [PMID: 18230332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-bilayer lipids account for about half of the total lipid content in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. This lends high propensity of the thylakoid lipid mixture to participate in different phases which might be functionally required. It is for instance known that the chloroplast enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) requires a non-bilayer phase for proper functioning in vitro but direct evidence for the presence of non-bilayer lipid structures in thylakoid membranes under physiological conditions is still missing. In this work, we used phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as an intrinsic bulk lipid label for 31P-NMR studies to monitor lipid phases of thylakoid membranes. We show that in intact thylakoid membranes the characteristic lamellar signal is observed only below 20 degrees C. But at the same time an isotropic phase is present, which becomes even dominant between 14 and 28 degrees C despite the presence of fully functional large membrane sheets that are capable of generating and maintaining a transmembrane electric field. Tris-washed membranes show a similar behavior but the lamellar phase is present up to higher temperatures. Thus, our data show that the location of the phospholipids is not restricted to the bilayer phase and that the lamellar phase co-exists with a non-bilayer isotropic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashka B Krumova
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biophysics, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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de Bruijn I, de Kock MJD, Yang M, de Waard P, van Beek TA, Raaijmakers JM. Genome-based discovery, structure prediction and functional analysis of cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics in Pseudomonas species. Mol Microbiol 2007; 63:417-28. [PMID: 17241198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of microbial genome sequences have revealed numerous genes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis. In Pseudomonads, several gene clusters encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) were predicted to be involved in the synthesis of cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) antibiotics. Most of these predictions, however, are untested and the association between genome sequence and biological function of the predicted metabolite is lacking. Here we report the genome-based identification of previously unknown CLP gene clusters in plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains B728a and DC3000 and in plant beneficial Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 and SBW25. For P. fluorescens SBW25, a model strain in studying bacterial evolution and adaptation, the structure of the CLP with a predicted 9-amino acid peptide moiety was confirmed by chemical analyses. Mutagenesis confirmed that the three identified NRPS genes are essential for CLP synthesis in strain SBW25. CLP production was shown to play a key role in motility, biofilm formation and in activity of SBW25 against zoospores of Phytophthora infestans. This is the first time that an antimicrobial metabolite is identified from strain SBW25. The results indicate that genome mining may enable the discovery of unknown gene clusters and traits that are highly relevant in the lifestyle of plant beneficial and plant pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6709 PD Wageningen, the Netherlands
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21
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Egert M, de Graaf AA, Maathuis A, de Waard P, Plugge CM, Smidt H, Deutz NEP, Dijkema C, de Vos WM, Venema K. Identification of glucose-fermenting bacteria present in an in vitro model of the human intestine by RNA-stable isotope probing. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2007; 60:126-35. [PMID: 17313661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling were used to identify bacteria fermenting glucose under conditions simulating the human intestine. The TIM-2 in vitro model of the human intestine was inoculated with a GI tract microbiota resembling that of the small intestine, to which subsequently 4, 20 or 40 mM of [U-(13)C]-glucose were added. RNA was extracted from lumen samples after 0 (control), 1, 2 and 4 h and subjected to density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Phylogenetic analysis of unlabeled 16S rRNA revealed a microbial community dominated by lactic acid bacteria and Clostridium perfringens. Distinct (13)C-incorporation into bacterial RNA was only observed for the 40-mM addition. 16S rRNA fingerprinting showed an activity drop of Lactobacillus fermentum after glucose addition, while Streptococcus bovis and C. perfringens were identified as the most active glucose-fermenters. Accordingly, NMR analysis identified lactate, acetate, butyrate and formate as the principal fermentation products, constituting up to 91% of the (13)C-carbon balance. RNA-SIP combined with metabolic profiling allowed us to detect differential utilization of a general model carbohydrate, indicating that this approach holds great potential to identify bacteria involved in the fermentation of dietary relevant oligo- and polymeric carbohydrates in the human intestine.
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MESH Headings
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/metabolism
- Carbon Isotopes/metabolism
- Fermentation
- Glucose/metabolism
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/metabolism
- Humans
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Isotope Labeling/methods
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peristalsis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Egert
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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De Graaf A, Venema K, Maathuis A, de Waard P, Dijkema C, Deutz N. Metabolic flux analysis of colonic microbiota using NMR. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb112-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert De Graaf
- TNO Quality of LifeP.O. Box 360Zeist3700 AJNetherlands
- WCFSP.O. Box 557Wageningen6700 ANNetherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- TNO Quality of LifeP.O. Box 360Zeist3700 AJNetherlands
- WCFSP.O. Box 557Wageningen6700 ANNetherlands
| | - Annet Maathuis
- TNO Quality of LifeP.O. Box 360Zeist3700 AJNetherlands
- WCFSP.O. Box 557Wageningen6700 ANNetherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 8128Wageningen6700 ETNetherlands
| | - Cor Dijkema
- Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 8128Wageningen6700 ETNetherlands
| | - Nicolaas Deutz
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences4301 W. Markham St. Slot 806Little RockAR72205
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23
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Voets IK, de Keizer A, de Waard P, Frederik PM, Bomans PHH, Schmalz H, Walther A, King SM, Leermakers FAM, Cohen Stuart MA. Double-Faced Micelles from Water-Soluble Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6673-6. [PMID: 16983712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja K Voets
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Voets IK, de Keizer A, de Waard P, Frederik PM, Bomans PHH, Schmalz H, Walther A, King SM, Leermakers FAM, Cohen Stuart MA. Double-Faced Micelles from Water-Soluble Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie de Keizer
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Miliauskas G, van Beek TA, de Waard P, Venskutonis RP, Sudhölter EJR. Comparison of analytical and semi-preparative columns for high-performance liquid chromatography–solid-phase extraction–nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:276-84. [PMID: 16364345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of analytical and semi-preparative columns in reversed-phase liquid chromatography-solid-phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC-SPE-NMR) was compared. The work was aiming at separating a higher sample amount in a single run and in this way to reduce the necessary NMR measurement time of separated compounds. Several parameters for compound separation and trapping procedures were optimised: flow rate of HPLC and make-up water pumps, choice of stationary phase cartridges and drying time. The separation and loadability of nine model compounds on analytical and semi-preparative columns was determined, as well as the focussing capacity of SH-type SPE cartridges. It was found that a semi-preparative column--or multiple peak trapping on analytical columns--gave better results than a standard 4.6mm analytical column for non-polar compounds (e.g. flavonoid aglycones, sesquiterpene lactones, non-polar terpenes, logP>2), but for polar compounds (logP<-2) did not offer any advantage over an analytical column, or was even disadvantageous. For intermediately polar compounds (-2<logP<2) this has to be investigated per compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrius Miliauskas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Natural Products Chemistry Group, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Pukalskas A, van Beek TA, de Waard P. Development of a triple hyphenated HPLC-radical scavenging detection-DAD-SPE-NMR system for the rapid identification of antioxidants in complex plant extracts. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1074:81-8. [PMID: 15941042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method for the simultaneous detection and identification of radical scavenging compounds in plant extracts was developed by combining an HPLC with on-line radical scavenging using DPPH* as a model radical and an HPLC-DAD-SPE-NMR system. Using this method a commercial rosemary extract was investigated. All major compounds present in the extract were collected on SPE cartridges after their separation. Advantages of on-line SPE peak trapping are the possibility to perform HPLC with non-deuterated solvents, a concentration effect and being able to record NMR spectra in pure 100% deuterated solvents. After comparing DAD and DPPH scavenging chromatograms, 1H NMR spectra of compounds having radical scavenging activities were recorded. Afterwards all compounds were collected and infused into an ESI-MS. The five main active compounds - carnosol, carnosic acid carnosaldehyde, 12-methoxycarnosic acid and epiisorosmanol could be identified from the combined UV, NMR and mass spectral data without actually isolating them. It was possible to record on-line an HMBC spectrum of carnosic acid. Also one compound was tentatively identified as epirosmanol methyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Pukalskas
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Miliauskas G, van Beek TA, de Waard P, Venskutonis RP, Sudhölter EJR. Identification of radical scavenging compounds in Rhaponticum carthamoides by means of LC-DAD-SPE-NMR. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:168-72. [PMID: 15730237 DOI: 10.1021/np0496901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A hyphenated LC-DAD-SPE-NMR setup in combination with on-line radical scavenging detection has been applied for the identification of radical scavenging compounds in extracts of Rhaponticumcarthamoides. After NMR measurements, the pure compounds were infused into a mass spectrometer. The technique enabled selective detection and identification of individual radical scavenging compounds without any prior off-line chromatographic steps. Seven compounds, namely, quercetagetin-7-beta-glucopyranoside (1), quercetagetin-7-(6"-acetyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (3), 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-beta-glucopyranoside (2), 6-methoxykaempferol-3-beta-glucopyranoside (4), 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-(6"-acetyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (5), chlorogenic acid (6), and beta-ecdysone (7), were identified in ethanol or aqueous extracts. Compound 5 is a new natural compound. Its radical scavenging activity was tested against DPPH radical and was found to be weaker than that of the reference antioxidants rosmarinic acid and Trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrius Miliauskas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Natural Products Chemistry Group, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Verhoef R, de Waard P, Schols HA, Siika-aho M, Voragen AGJ. Methylobacterium sp. isolated from a Finnish paper machine produces highly pyruvated galactan exopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1851-9. [PMID: 12932368 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The slime-forming bacterium Methylobacterium sp. was isolated from a Finnish paper machine and its exopolysaccharide (EPS) was produced on laboratory scale. Sugar compositional analysis revealed a 100% galactan (EPS). However, FT-IR showed a very strong peak at 1611 cm(-1) showing the presence of pyruvate. Analysis of the pyruvate content revealed that, based on the sugar composition, the EPS consists of a trisaccharide repeating unit consisting of D-galactopyranose and [4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)]-D-galactopyranose with a molar ratio of 1:2, respectively. Both linkage analysis and 2D homo- and heteronuclear 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed the following repeating unit: -->3)-[4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)]-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)[4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)]-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->. By enrichment cultures from various ground and compost heap samples a polysaccharide-degrading culture was obtained that produced an endo acting enzyme able to degrade the EPS described. The enzyme hydrolysed the EPS to a large extent, releasing oligomers that mainly consisted out of two repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Verhoef
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Vermonden T, van der Gucht J, de Waard P, Marcelis ATM, Besseling NAM, Sudhölter EJR, Fleer GJ, Cohen Stuart MA. Water-Soluble Reversible Coordination Polymers: Chains and Rings. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030353t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vermonden
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A. M. Besseling
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. Fleer
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Dutch Polymer Institute/Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, and Wageningen NMR Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Kabel MA, de Waard P, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ. Location of O-acetyl substituents in xylo-oligosaccharides obtained from hydrothermally treated Eucalyptus wood. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:69-77. [PMID: 12504383 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A combination of techniques was used to localise the O-acetyl substituents in xylo-oligosaccharides, which are present in hydrolysates of hydrothermally treated Eucalyptus wood. Reversed-phase (RP)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled on-line to both a mass spectrometer and an evaporating light scattering (ELS) detector provided data about the order of elution of the various O-acetylated oligomers. The retention of the oligomers on the column depended on the number and position of the O-acetyl substituents within the xylo-oligosaccharides. One dimensional (1D)- and two dimensional (2D)-(1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to study the structural features of several xylotetramers separated by RP-HPLC, each having one O-acetyl substituent. O-Acetyl migration was proven to have occurred in these xylo-oligosaccharides. Mainly O-acetyl migration within the same xylosyl residue was observed. RP-HPLC-NMR was performed in order to study the structural features of the acetylated oligomers 'on-line' avoiding O-acetyl migration. Finally, the precise location of the 2-O- or 3-O-acetyl substituent in 6 xylotetramers and 4 xylotrimers separated by RP-HPLC was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A Kabel
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Verhoef R, de Waard P, Schols HA, Rättö M, Siika-aho M, Voragen AGJ. Structural elucidation of the EPS of slime producing Brevundimonas vesicularis sp. isolated from a paper machine. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:1821-31. [PMID: 12431884 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The slime forming bacteria Brevundimonas vesicularis sp. was isolated from a paper mill and its EPS was produced on laboratory scale. After production, the exopolysaccharide (EPS) was purified and analysed for its purity and homogeneity, HPSEC revealed one distinct population with a molecular mass of more than 2,000 kDa. The protein content was around 9 w/w%. The sample was analysed to determine its chemical structure. The EPS was found to consist of rhamnose, glucose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid. Due to the presence of uronic acids the molar ratio between the four sugars found varies from 3:5:2:4 by sugar composition analyses after methanolysis to 1:1:1:1 found by NMR. A repeating unit with a molecular mass of 678 Da was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry after mild acid treatment. 13C and 1H hetero- and homonuclear 2D NMR spectroscopy of the native and partial hydrolysed EPS revealed a repeating unit, no non-sugar substituents were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Verhoef
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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van Hazendonk JM, Reinerik EJ, de Waard P, van Dam JE. Structural analysis of acetylated hemicellulose polysaccharides from fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Carbohydr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gruter M, Billy D, de Waard P, Kuiper J, Kamerling J, Vliegenthart J. Structural Studies on a Cell Wall Polysaccharide Preparation of Lactococcus Lactis Subspecies Cremoris H414. J Carbohydr Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309408009199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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