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Yang JM, Huang HM, Cheng JJ, Huang CL, Lee YC, Chiou CT, Huang HT, Huang NK, Yang YC. LGK974, a PORCUPINE inhibitor, mitigates cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease by interfering with the WNT/β-CATENIN pathway. Toxicology 2018; 410:65-72. [PMID: 30205152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) as an herbicide has been demonstrated to impair dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and highly correlate with the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). WNT/β-CATENIN signaling is known for the specification and neurogenesis of midbrain DAergic neurons and implicated as a therapeutic target in treating many diseases, such as cancer and degenerative diseases. LGK974, a WNT pathway inhibitor, is currently under clinical trial for patients with malignancies. Since the exact role of WNT/β-CATENIN signaling in mediating PD is undetermined, LGK974 was used to examine its effect on the PQ-induced cell model of PD. LGK974 attenuated PQ-induced apoptosis and released mitochondrial pro-poptotic molecules in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell. PQ increased the levels of β-CATENIN, non-phosphorylated (Ser33/37/Thr41) β-CATENIN, and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α/β. PQ also increased the nuclear translocation of β-CATENIN, which can be attenuated by LKG974. Furthermore, LGK974 attenuated the PQ-induced release of mitochondrial proapoptotic factors and WNT agonist 1-induced cell death. Taken together, we have shown for the first time that LGK974 mediated through the WNT/β-CATENIN pathway to prevent PQ-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mou Yang
- Department of Emergency, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Hsintien, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuen-Lin Huang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Hsintien, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Physiology & Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nai-Kuei Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ying-Chen Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan, ROC.
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202
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Grandi LC, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Animal models of early-stage Parkinson's disease and acute dopamine deficiency to study compensatory neurodegenerative mechanisms. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:205-218. [PMID: 30107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a widely variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. While the motor deficits are only visible following a severe dopamine depletion, neurodegenerative process and some non-motor symptoms are manifested years before the motor deficits. Importantly, chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leads to the development of compensatory mechanisms that play roles in the progression of the disease and the response to anti-parkinsonian therapies. The identification of these mechanisms will be of great importance for improving our understanding of factors with important contributions to the disease course and the underlying adaptive process. To date, most of the data obtained from animal models reflect the late, chronic, dopamine-depleted states, when compensatory mechanisms have already been established. Thus, adequate animal models with which researchers are able to dissect early- and late-phase mechanisms are necessary. Here, we reviewed the literature related to animal models of early-stage PD and pharmacological treatments capable of inducing acute dopamine impairments and/or depletion, such as reserpine, haloperidol and tetrodotoxin. We highlighted the advantages, limitations and the future prospective uses of these models, as well as their applications in the identification of novel agents for treating this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Clara Grandi
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland.
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203
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Nagarajan VB, Marathe PA. Effect of montelukast in experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 682:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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205
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Exosomal secretion of α-synuclein as protective mechanism after upstream blockage of macroautophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:757. [PMID: 29988147 PMCID: PMC6037700 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of pathological α-synuclein aggregates plays a major role in Parkinson’s disease. Macroautophagy is a mechanism to degrade intracellular protein aggregates by wrapping them into autophagosomes, followed by fusion with lysosomes. We had previously shown that pharmacological activation of macroautophagy protects against α-synuclein-induced toxicity in human neurons. Here, we hypothesized that inhibition of macroautophagy would aggravate α-synuclein-induced cell death. Unexpectedly, inhibition of autophagosome formation by silencing of ATG5 protected from α-synuclein-induced toxicity. Therefore, we studied alternative cellular mechanisms to compensate for the loss of macroautophagy. ATG5 silencing did not affect the ubiquitin–proteasome system, chaperone systems, chaperone-mediated autophagy, or the unfolded protein response. However, ATG5 silencing increased the secretion of α-synuclein via exosomes. Blocking exosomal secretion exacerbated α-synuclein-induced cell death. We conclude that exosomal secretion of α-synuclein is increased after impaired formation of autophagosomes to reduce the intracellular α-synuclein burden. This compensatory mechanism prevents α-synuclein-induced neuronal cell death.
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206
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Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection is commonly associated with neurological conditions like chronic progressive myelopathy and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) but rarely also reported with polymyositis, multiple sclerosis, and parkinsonism. It is important to recognize that HTLV-1 infection increases the risk of these neurological conditions. We present a case of 71-year-old female with HTLV-1 associated chronic progressive myelopathy with parkinsonism which signifies that it is under-recognized and not frequently reported due to lack of expert neurological assessment in these chronically debilitated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Afzal
- Resident Physician Psychiatry, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
| | - Satish Kadakia
- Chairman Department of Neurology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
| | - Steven Lev
- Director of Neuroradiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
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207
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Suresh SN, Verma V, Sateesh S, Clement JP, Manjithaya R. Neurodegenerative diseases: model organisms, pathology and autophagy. J Genet 2018; 97:679-701. [PMID: 30027903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A proteostasis view of neurodegeneration (ND) identifies protein aggregation as a leading causative reason for damage seen at the cellular and organ levels. While investigative therapies that aim at dissolving aggregates have failed, and the promises of silencing expression of ND associated pathogenic proteins or the deployment of engineered induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are still in the horizon, emerging literature suggests degrading aggregates through autophagy-related mechanisms hold the current potential for a possible cure. Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is an intracellular degradative pathway where superfluous or unwanted cellular cargoes (such as peroxisomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, intracellular bacteria and misfolded protein aggregates) are wrapped in double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that eventually fuses with lysosomes for their degradation. The selective branch of autophagy that deals with identification, capture and degradation of protein aggregates is called aggrephagy. Here, we cover the workings of aggrephagy detailing its selectivity towards aggregates. The diverse cellular adaptors that bridge the aggregates with the core autophagy machinery in terms of autophagosome formation are discussed. In ND, essential protein quality control mechanisms fail as the constituent components also find themselves trapped in the aggregates. Thus, although cellular aggrephagy has the potential to be upregulated, its dysfunction further aggravates the pathogenesis. This phenomenonwhen combined with the fact that neurons can neither dilute out the aggregates by cell division nor the dead neurons can be replaced due to low neurogenesis, makes a compelling case for aggrephagy pathway as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Suresh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, India.
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208
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Pham TD. Pattern analysis of computer keystroke time series in healthy control and early-stage Parkinson's disease subjects using fuzzy recurrence and scalable recurrence network features. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 307:194-202. [PMID: 29859213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying patients with early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a home environment is an important area of neurological disorder research, because it is of therapeutic and economic benefits to optimal intervention and management of the disease. NEW METHOD This paper presents a nonlinear dynamics approach, including recurrence plots, recurrence quantification analysis, fuzzy recurrence plots, and scalable recurrence networks for visualization, classification, and characterization of keystroke time series obtained from healthy control (HC) and early-stage PD subjects. RESULTS Several differentiative properties for characterizing early PD and HC subjects can be obtained from fuzzy recurrence plots (FRPs) and scalable recurrence networks. Comparison with existing methods: cross-validation results obtained from FRP-based texture are highest among other methods. The method of fuzzy recurrence plots outperforms other existing methods for classification of HC and PD subjects. CONCLUSIONS Features extracted from the nonlinear dynamics analysis of the keystroke time series are found to be very effective for machine learning and the properties of the scalable recurrence networks have the potential to be utilized as physiologic markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan D Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linkoping 58183, Sweden.
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209
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Li IC, Lee LY, Tzeng TT, Chen WP, Chen YP, Shiao YJ, Chen CC. Neurohealth Properties of Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Enriched with Erinacines. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:5802634. [PMID: 29951133 PMCID: PMC5987239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5802634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus, an ideal culinary-medicinal mushroom, has become a well-established candidate in promoting positive brain and nerve health-related activities by inducing the nerve growth factor from its bioactive ingredient. Among its active compounds, only erinacine A has confirmed pharmacological actions in the central nervous system in rats. Hence, this review has summarized the available information on the neurohealth properties of H. erinaceus mycelia enriched with erinacines, which may contribute to further research on the therapeutic roles of these mycelia. The safety of this mushroom has also been discussed. Although it has been difficult to extrapolate the in vivo studies to clinical situations, preclinical studies have shown that there can be improvements in ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression if H. erinaceus mycelia enriched with erinacines are included in daily meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Li
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ya Lee
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Chen
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ju Shiao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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210
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Neuroprotective effect of IDPU (1-(7-imino-3-propyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo [4,5-d]pyrimidin-6(7H)-yl)urea) in 6-OHDA induced rodent model of hemiparkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 675:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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211
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Kahya M, Moon S, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, Akinwuntan AE, Devos H. Pupillary Response to Cognitive Demand in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:90. [PMID: 29692720 PMCID: PMC5902496 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that pupillary response, a physiological measure of cognitive workload, reflects cognitive demand in healthy younger and older adults. However, the relationship between cognitive workload and cognitive demand in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the pupillary response to cognitive demand in a letter-number sequencing (LNS) task between 16 non-demented individuals with PD (age, median (Q1-Q3): 68 (62-72); 10 males) and 10 control participants (age: 63 (59-67); 2 males), matched for age, education, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores. A mixed model analysis was employed to investigate cognitive workload changes as a result of incremental cognitive demand for both groups. As expected, no differences were found in cognitive scores on the LNS between groups. Cognitive workload, exemplified by greater pupil dilation, increased with incremental cognitive demand in both groups (p = 0.003). No significant between-group (p = 0.23) or interaction effects were found (p = 0.45). In addition, individuals who achieved to complete the task at higher letter-number (LN) load responded differently to increased cognitive demand compared with those who completed at lower LN load (p < 0.001), regardless of disease status. Overall, the findings indicated that pupillary response reflects incremental cognitive demand in non-demented people with PD and healthy controls. Further research is needed to investigate the pupillary response to incremental cognitive demand of PD patients with dementia compared to non-demented PD and healthy controls. Highlights -Pupillary response reflects cognitive demand in both non-demented people with PD and healthy controls-Although not significant due to insufficient power, non-demented individuals with PD had increased cognitive workload compared to the healthy controls throughout the testing-Pupillary response may be a valid measure of cognitive demand in non-demented individuals with PD-In future, pupillary response might be used to detect cognitive impairment in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kahya
- Laboratory for Advanced Rehabilitation Research in Simulation, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sanghee Moon
- Laboratory for Advanced Rehabilitation Research in Simulation, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Kelly E Lyons
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Abiodun E Akinwuntan
- Laboratory for Advanced Rehabilitation Research in Simulation, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Office of the Dean, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hannes Devos
- Laboratory for Advanced Rehabilitation Research in Simulation, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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212
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de Souza JM, Goncalves BDC, Gomez MV, Vieira LB, Ribeiro FM. Animal Toxins as Therapeutic Tools to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29527170 PMCID: PMC5829052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide. So far, no disease-modifying drug is available to treat patients, making the search for effective drugs an urgent need. Neurodegeneration is triggered by the activation of several cellular processes, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, aging, aggregate formation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. Therefore, many research groups aim to identify drugs that may inhibit one or more of these events leading to neuronal cell death. Venoms are fruitful natural sources of new molecules, which have been relentlessly enhanced by evolution through natural selection. Several studies indicate that venom components can exhibit selectivity and affinity for a wide variety of targets in mammalian systems. For instance, an expressive number of natural peptides identified in venoms from animals, such as snakes, scorpions, bees, and spiders, were shown to lessen inflammation, regulate glutamate release, modify neurotransmitter levels, block ion channel activation, decrease the number of protein aggregates, and increase the levels of neuroprotective factors. Thus, these venom components hold potential as therapeutic tools to slow or even halt neurodegeneration. However, there are many technological issues to overcome, as venom peptides are hard to obtain and characterize and the amount obtained from natural sources is insufficient to perform all the necessary experiments and tests. Fortunately, technological improvements regarding heterologous protein expression, as well as peptide chemical synthesis will help to provide enough quantities and allow chemical and pharmacological enhancements of these natural occurring compounds. Thus, the main focus of this review is to highlight the most promising studies evaluating animal toxins as therapeutic tools to treat a wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, brain ischemia, glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno D C Goncalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Gomez
- Department of Neurotransmitters, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciene B Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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213
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Lin D, Liang Y, Zheng D, Chen Y, Jing X, Lei M, Zeng Z, Zhou T, Wu X, Peng S, Huang K, Yang L, Xiao S, Liu J, Tao E. Novel biomolecular information in rotenone-induced cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Gene 2018; 647:244-260. [PMID: 29331484 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to uncover the remarkable pathogenic genes or molecular pathological process in Parkinson's disease (PD), we employed a microarray analysis upon the cellular PD model induced by rotenone. Compared to the control group, 2174 genes were screened out to be expressed differently in the rotenone-induced group by certain criterion. GO analysis and the pathways analysis showed the significant enrichment of genes that were associated with the biological process of cell cycle, apoptotic process, organelle fusion, mitochondrial lesion, endoplasmic reticulum stress and so on. Among these significant DE genes, some were sorted out to be involved in cell cycle and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. As the PPI network analysis showed, the interaction relationship of the DEGs involved in the process of protein generation in endoplasmic reticulum(ER) was clearly showed up. As a prediction, we emphasized the genes EDEM1, ATF4, TRAF2 might play central roles in the protein misfolding process during the progression of Parkinson's disease and these new-found genes might be the future research focus and therapeutic targets in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - D Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - X Jing
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - M Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - Z Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - T Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - S Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - K Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - S Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - E Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080,China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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214
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Politi C, Ciccacci C, Novelli G, Borgiani P. Genetics and Treatment Response in Parkinson's Disease: An Update on Pharmacogenetic Studies. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:1-17. [PMID: 29305687 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine neurons of the central nervous system. The disease determines a significant disability due to a combination of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor and non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, hallucinations, psychosis and compulsive behaviors. The current therapies consist in combination of drugs acting to control only the symptoms of the illness by the replacement of the dopamine lost. Although patients generally receive benefits from this symptomatic pharmacological management, they also show great variability in drug response in terms of both efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacogenetic studies highlighted that genetic factors play a relevant influence in this drug response variability. In this review, we tried to give an overview of the recent progresses in the pharmacogenetics of PD, reporting the major genetic factors identified as involved in the response to drugs and highlighting the potential use of some of these genomic variants in the clinical practice. Many genes have been investigated and several associations have been reported especially with adverse drug reactions. However, only polymorphisms in few genes, including DRD2, COMT and SLC6A3, have been confirmed as associated in different populations and in large cohorts. The identification of genomic biomarkers involved in drug response variability represents an important step in PD treatment, opening the prospective of more personalized therapies in order to identify, for each person, the better therapy in terms of efficacy and toxicity and to improve the PD patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Politi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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215
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Nooraei MS, Noori-Zadeh A, Darabi S, Rajaei F, Golmohammadi Z, Abbaszadeh HA. Low Level of Autophagy-Related Gene 10 (ATG10) Expression in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:15-21. [PMID: 28734275 PMCID: PMC5712380 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a mechanism disassembling the damaged organelles from the cell. This study attempted to examine the expression of several autophagy-related genes in Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat model. Methods The male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as control, sham, and lesion. In the latter group, the PD rat model was induced by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the striatum. The behavioral test was conducted one (baseline) and four weeks after the surgery through apomorphine hydrochloride. Then the RT-PCR technique was employed to evaluate the expressions of p62/SQSTM, autophagy-related genes (ATG)5, ATG12, ATG16L1, ATG10, as well as GAPDH and LC3. Results By injecting apomorphine, the striatal lesion group showed a significant contralateral rotation at fourth week as compared to the baseline. The examination of p62, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, and LC3 expressions using RT-PCR revealed that p62, ATG5, ATG12, LC3, and ATG16L1 were expressed in the substantia nigra of PD rat model, while ATG10 was not expressed. Conclusion ATG10 expression is necessary for the initiation of autophagy. Thus, these results show that autophagy deregulation occurs in the initiation stages of the process in the rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Shams Nooraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Noori-Zadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahram Darabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zohreh Golmohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Hearing Disorder Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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216
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Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature in almost all neurological diseases and is a response triggered as a consequence of the chronic activation of the innate immune response in the CNS against a variety of stimuli, including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, aggregated proteins, or autoimmunity. Crucial mediators of this neurinflammatory process are the intracellular protein complexes known as inflammasomes which can be triggered by pathogens as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, chronic inflammasome activation can eventually result in cellular death and tissue damage, leading to the release of DAMPs that can reactivate the inflammasome, thereby propagating a vicious cycle of inflammation. The primary cells involved in CNS inflammasome activation are the immunocompetent microglia and the infiltrating macrophages into the CNS. However, astrocytes and neurons also express inflammasomes, and the understanding of how they are engaged in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological diseases is crucial to develop effective therapeutic approaches for CNS pathologies that are propagated by chronic inflammasome activation. This chapter covers the activation mechanisms of relevant inflammasomes in the brain and summarizes their roles in the pathogenesis and progression of different neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Albornoz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Gordon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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217
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Kanegusuku H, Silva-Batista C, Peçanha T, Nieuwboer A, Silva ND, Costa LA, de Mello MT, Piemonte ME, Ugrinowitsch C, Forjaz CL. Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98:2134-2141. [PMID: 28705551 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a progressive resistance training (RT) on cardiac autonomic modulation and on cardiovascular responses to autonomic stress tests in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. SETTING The Brazil Parkinson Association. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N=30) with PD (modified Hoehn & Yahr stages 2-3) were randomly divided into 2 groups: a progressive RT group (PD training [PDT] group) and a control group (PD control [PDC] group). In addition, a group of paired healthy control (HC) subjects without PD was evaluated. INTERVENTIONS The PDT group performed 5 resistance exercises, 2 to 4 sets, 12 to 6 repetitions maximum per set. Individuals in the PDC group maintained their usual lifestyle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The PDT and PDC groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks. The HC group was evaluated once. Autonomic function was assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability and cardiovascular responses to autonomic stress tests (deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, orthostatic stress). RESULTS Compared with baseline, the normalized low-frequency component of heart rate variability decreased significantly after 12 weeks in the PDT group only (PDT: 61±17 normalized units [nu] vs 47±20nu; PDC: 60±14nu vs 63±10nu; interaction P<.05). A similar result was observed for systolic blood pressure fall during orthostatic stress that also was reduced only in the PDT group (PDT: -14±11mmHg vs -6±10mmHg; PDC: -12±10mmHg vs -11±10mmHg; interaction P<.05). In addition, after 12 weeks, these parameters in the PDT group achieved values similar to those in the HC group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PD, progressive RT improved cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélcio Kanegusuku
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Silva-Batista
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Peçanha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natan D Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Costa
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco T de Mello
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria E Piemonte
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia L Forjaz
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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218
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Pavlou MAS, Pinho R, Paiva I, Outeiro TF. The yin and yang of α-synuclein-associated epigenetics in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2017; 140:878-886. [PMID: 27585855 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The main neuropathological hallmarks of the disease are the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of protein inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Recently, great attention has been given to the study of genes associated with both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Among them, the α-synuclein gene is believed to play a central role in the disease and is, therefore, one of the most studied genes. Parkinson's disease is a complex disorder and, as such, derives from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Here, we offer an update on the landscape of epigenetic-mediated regulation of gene expression that has been linked with α-synuclein and associated with Parkinson's disease. We also provide an overview of how epigenetic modifications can influence the transcription and/or translation of the α-synuclein gene and, on the other hand, how α-synuclein function/dysfunction can, per se, affect the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we discuss how a deeper understanding of the epigenetic profile of α-synuclein may enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeliki S Pavlou
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raquel Pinho
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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219
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Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 978:363-390. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53889-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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220
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Yang W, Li X, Li X, Li X, Yu S. Neuronal hemoglobin in mitochondria is reduced by forming a complex with α-synuclein in aging monkey brains. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7441-54. [PMID: 26824991 PMCID: PMC4884930 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hemoglobin (nHb) plays a critical role in maintaining normal mitochondrial functioning in the brain. However, in aging and Parkinson's disease (PD) brains, mitochondrial nHb levels are greatly reduced in neurons that accumulate α-synuclein (α-syn), suggesting a link between the two proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that α-syn and Hb can form a complex in both brain tissue and peripheral red blood cells (RBCs) in aging cynomolgus monkeys. nHb-α-syn complex levels in the mitochondrial fraction of the striatum decreased with age; this was negatively correlated with levels in the cytoplasmic fraction and in RBCs and was accompanied by a reduction in mitochondrial free nHb. In contrast, no changes in nHb-α-syn complex formation or free nHb levels were detected in the cerebellum. In vitro studies using a cultured dopaminergic cell line showed that intracellular accumulation of α-syn caused an elevation in nHb-α-syn complex levels in both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions as well as a reduction in mitochondrial free nHb. nHb overexpression increased free nHb levels in mitochondria, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced α-syn-induced apoptosis. The above results suggest that α-syn forms a complex with nHb in selected regions of the aging brain, thereby decreasing mitochondrial function and increasing the risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xuran Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xuying Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China
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221
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Wang D, Yu T, Liu Y, Yan J, Guo Y, Jing Y, Yang X, Song Y, Tian Y. DNA damage preceding dopamine neuron degeneration in A53T human α-synuclein transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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222
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Geng X, Wang X, Xie J, Zhang X, Wang X, Hou Y, Lei C, Li M, Han H, Yao X, Zhang Q, Wang M. Effect of l-DOPA on local field potential relationship between the pedunculopontine nucleus and primary motor cortex in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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223
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Association of rs1801582 and rs1801334 PARK2 Polymorphisms with risk of Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in South India and Meta-Analysis. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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224
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Wu L, Maimaitirexiati X, Jiang Y, Liu L. Parkin Regulates Mitochondrial Autophagy After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1553-9. [PMID: 27155891 PMCID: PMC4920096 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the role of Parkin in the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy in the heart by assessing mitochondrial autophagy and changes in Parkin protein expression in rat myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, sham, and MI. Four weeks after induction of MI, ultrasonic examination of the rats was performed to measure left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), and left ventricular diastolic/systolic volume. Rat myocardium was collected from each group and examined for changes in morphology, size, and amount of mitochondria and autophagosomes by transmission electronic microscopy. A Western blot was performed to analyze the levels of Parkin and the autophagy-related protein LC3. RESULTS Four weeks after MI, cardiac function of the MI rats was impaired compared with the control rats. Both LVESD and LVEDD were elevated in the MI rats (p<0.05) while EF was decreased, indicating that the MI model was constructed successfully. After MI, increased numbers of mitochondria and autophagosomes were observed in the myocardium (p<0.05), and the mitochondrial morphology was destroyed. Chloroquine (CQ) treatment increased the number of autophagosomes in the myocardium of the control rats (p<0.05) but not in MI rats (p>0.05). In addition, the levels of the autophagy-related proteins LC3II/LC3I were elevated in the myocardium after MI (p<0.05) and the activity of Parkin was significantly reduced (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Under conditions of chronic MI, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of autophagosomal clearance are associated with Parkin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiemuziya Maimaitirexiati
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
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225
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β-Asarone Inhibits IRE1/XBP1 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinsonian Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2097-101. [PMID: 27097550 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, with genetics and environment contributing to the disease onset. The limited pathological cognize of the disease restrained the approaches to improve the clinical treatment. Recently, studies showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress played an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. There was a neuroprotective effect partly mediated by modulating ER stress. β-Asarone is the essential constituent of Acorus tatarinowii Schott volatile oil. Our team observed that β-asarone could improve the behavior of parkinsonian rats; increase the HVA, Dopacl, and 5-HIAA levels; and reduce α-synuclein levels. Here we assumed that the protective role of β-asarone on parkinsonian rats was mediated via ER stress pathway. To prove the hypothesis we investigated the mRNA levels of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous binding protein (CHOP) in 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) induced parkinsonian rats after β-asarone treatment. Furthermore, the inositol-requiring enzyme 1/X-Box Binding Protein 1 (IRE1/XBP1) ER stress pathway was also studied. The results showed that β-asarone inhibited the mRNA levels of GRP78 and CHOP, accompanied with the delined expressions of phosphorylated IER1 (p-IRE1) and XBP1. We deduced that β-asarone might have a protective effect on the 6-OHDA induced parkinsonian rats via IRE1/XBP1 Pathway. Collectively, all data indicated that β-asarone might be a potential candidate of medicine for clinical therapy of PD.
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226
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Comparison between α-synuclein wild-type and A53T mutation in a progressive Parkinson's disease model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:988-993. [PMID: 26192120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vector based over-expression of α-synuclein is a newly developed method to establish animal Parkinson's disease (PD) model. In this paper, we inject the rat brain with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to express α-synuclein wild-type and A53T mutation, and compared the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons between them. METHOD AND RESULTS The rAAV vectors were injected into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of rat brain. In different time point, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of α-synuclein. The expression level was lower in the 3rd and 6th week and increased from the 9th week. α-synuclein spread around the neurons in SNpc in the 12th week. The loss of dopaminergic neurons was increasing along the expression of α-synuclein, and damage extent was more serious in the A53T group than the WT group. In the A53T group, there were more insoluble inclusions can be detected, and the phosphorylation of α-synuclein was also higher. CONLUSION The result of comparison between the two types of α-synuclein showed that A53T mutated α-synuclein was more effective to establish PD model, and the model based A53T mutated α-synuclein was a suitable model to early-onset PD.
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227
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González-Burgos E, Fernandez-Moriano C, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Ginseng in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 10:14-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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228
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Zou T, Tang X, Huang Z, Xu N, Hu Z. The Pael-R gene does not mediate the changes in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:402-6. [PMID: 25206827 PMCID: PMC4146201 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we established cell models for Parkinson's disease using rotenone. An RNA interference vector targeting Parkin-associated endothelin receptor-like receptor (Pael-R) was transfected into the model cells. The results of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis showed that Pael-R expression was decreased after RNA interference compared with the control group (no treatment) and the model group (rotenone treatment), while the rate of apoptosis and survival of dopaminergic cells did not differ significantly between groups, as detected by flow cytometry and an MTT assay. These experimental findings indicate that the Pael-R gene has no role in the changes in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiling Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Niangui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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229
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Li P, Zhu J, Kong Q, Jiang B, Wan X, Yue J, Li M, Jiang H, Li J, Gao Z. The ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide Mancozeb activates voltage-gated KCNQ2 potassium channel. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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