1
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Rahman MK, Umashankar B, Choucair H, Bourget K, Rawling T, Murray M. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1 ( IRE1) endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway promotes MDA-MB-231 cell survival and renewal in response to the aryl-ureido fatty acid CTU. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 171:106571. [PMID: 38608921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited to toxic drug combinations of low efficacy. We recently identified an aryl-substituted fatty acid analogue, termed CTU, that effectively killed TNBC cells in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo without producing toxicity. However, there was a residual cell population that survived treatment. The present study evaluated the mechanisms that underlie survival and renewal in CTU-treated MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. RNA-seq profiling identified several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that were activated in treated cells. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis. Increased self-renewal was confirmed using the non-adherent, in vitro colony-forming mammosphere assay. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition suppressed the self-renewal of MDA-MB-231 cells post-CTU treatment. IPA network analysis identified major NF-κB and XBP1 gene networks that were activated by CTU; chemical inhibitors of these pathways and esiRNA knock-down decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. NF-κB and XBP1 signaling was in turn activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), which mediates the unfolded protein response. Co-treatment with an inhibitor of IRE1 kinase and RNase activities, decreased phospho-NF-κB and XBP1s expression and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Further, IRE1 inhibition also enhanced apoptotic cell death and prevented the activation of self-renewal by CTU. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the IRE1 ER-stress pathway is activated by the anti-cancer lipid analogue CTU, which then activates secondary self-renewal in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khalilur Rahman
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Balasubrahmanyam Umashankar
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hassan Choucair
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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2
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Wu D, Zhang X, Zimmerly KM, Wang R, Livingston A, Iwawaki T, Kumar A, Wu X, Campen M, Mandell MA, Liu M, Yang XO. Unconventional Activation of IRE1 Enhances TH17 Responses and Promotes Airway Neutrophilia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38593442 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0424oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Heightened unfolded protein responses (UPRs) are associated with the risk for asthma, including severe asthma. Treatment-refractory severe asthma manifests a neutrophilic phenotype with TH17 responses. However, how UPRs participate in the deregulation of TH17 cells leading to neutrophilic asthma remains elusive. This study found that the UPR sensor IRE1 is induced in the murine lung with fungal asthma and is highly expressed in TH17 cells relative to naïve CD4+ T cells. Cytokine (e.g. IL-23) signals induce the IRE1-XBP1s axis in a JAK2-dependent manner. This noncanonical activation of the IRE1-XBP1s pathway promotes UPRs and cytokine secretion by both human and mouse TH17 cells. Ern1 (encoding IRE1)-deficiency decreases the expression of ER stress factors and impairs the differentiation and cytokine secretion of TH17 cells. Genetic ablation of Ern1 leads to alleviated TH17 responses and airway neutrophilia in a fungal airway inflammation model. Consistently, IL-23 activates the JAK2-IRE1-XBP1s pathway in vivo and enhances TH17 responses and neutrophilic infiltration into the airway. Taken together, our data indicate that IRE1, noncanonically activated by cytokine signals, promotes neutrophilic airway inflammation through the UPR-mediated secretory function of TH17 cells. The findings provide a novel insight into the fundamental understanding of IRE1 in TH17-biased TH2-low asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 12289, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 12289, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kourtney M Zimmerly
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 12289, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Ruoning Wang
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 12289, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Amanda Livingston
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 12288, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Kanazawa Medical University, 12857, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ashok Kumar
- University of Houston, 14743, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiang Wu
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, 47904, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Matthew Campen
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 12289, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Michael A Mandell
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 12288, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Meilian Liu
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 12289, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 12288, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States;
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3
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Pelizzari-Raymundo D, Maltret V, Nivet M, Pineau R, Papaioannou A, Zhou X, Caradec F, Martin S, Le Gallo M, Avril T, Chevet E, Lafont E. IRE1 RNase controls CD95-mediated cell death. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1792-1813. [PMID: 38383861 PMCID: PMC11014915 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Signalling by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) or by the Death Receptors (DR) are frequently activated towards pro-tumoral outputs in cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that the UPR sensor IRE1 controls the expression of the DR CD95/Fas, and its cell death-inducing ability. Both genetic and pharmacologic blunting of IRE1 activity increased CD95 expression and exacerbated CD95L-induced cell death in glioblastoma (GB) and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In accordance, CD95 mRNA was identified as a target of Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay of RNA (RIDD). Whilst CD95 expression is elevated in TNBC and GB human tumours exhibiting low RIDD activity, it is surprisingly lower in XBP1s-low human tumour samples. We show that IRE1 RNase inhibition limited CD95 expression and reduced CD95-mediated hepatic toxicity in mice. In addition, overexpression of XBP1s increased CD95 expression and sensitized GB and TNBC cells to CD95L-induced cell death. Overall, these results demonstrate the tight IRE1-mediated control of CD95-dependent cell death in a dual manner through both RIDD and XBP1s, and they identify a novel link between IRE1 and CD95 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pelizzari-Raymundo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Victoria Maltret
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Manon Nivet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Raphael Pineau
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Flavie Caradec
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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4
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Zeissig MN, Hewett DR, Mrozik KM, Panagopoulos V, Wallington-Gates CT, Spencer A, Dold SM, Engelhardt M, Vandyke K, Zannettino ACW. Expression of the chemokine receptor CCR1 decreases sensitivity to bortezomib in multiple myeloma cell lines. Leuk Res 2024; 139:107469. [PMID: 38479337 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is one of the primary therapies used for the haematological malignancy multiple myeloma (MM). However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to bortezomib, via mechanisms that are not fully elucidated, is a barrier to successful treatment in many patients. Our previous studies have shown that elevated expression of the chemokine receptor CCR1 in MM plasma cells in newly diagnosed MM patients is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we hypothesised that the poor prognosis conferred by CCR1 expression is, in part, due to a CCR1-mediated decrease in MM plasma cell sensitivity to bortezomib. METHODS In order to investigate the role of CCR1 in MM cells, CCR1 was knocked out in human myeloma cell lines OPM2 and U266 using CRISPR-Cas9. Additionally, CCR1 was overexpressed in the mouse MM cell line 5TGM1. The effect of bortezomib on CCR1 knockout or CCR1-overexpressing cells was then assessed by WST-1 assay, with or without CCL3 siRNA knockdown or addition of recombinant human CCL3. NSG mice were inoculated intratibially with OPM2-CCR1KO cells and were treated with 0.7 mg/kg bortezomib or vehicle twice per week for 3 weeks and GFP+ tumour cells in the bone marrow were quantitated by flow cytometry. The effect of CCR1 overexpression or knockout on unfolded protein response pathways was assessed using qPCR for ATF4, HSPA5, XBP1, ERN1 and CHOP and Western blot for IRE1α and p-Jnk. RESULTS Using CCR1 overexpression or CRIPSR-Cas9-mediated CCR1 knockout in MM cell lines, we found that CCR1 expression significantly decreases sensitivity to bortezomib in vitro, independent of the CCR1 ligand CCL3. In addition, CCR1 knockout rendered the human MM cell line OPM2 more sensitive to bortezomib in an intratibial MM model in NSG mice in vivo. Moreover, CCR1 expression negatively regulated the expression of the unfolded protein response receptor IRE1 and downstream target gene XBP1, suggesting this pathway may be responsible for the decreased bortezomib sensitivity of CCR1-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these studies suggest that CCR1 expression may be associated with decreased response to bortezomib in MM cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara N Zeissig
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Gates
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Health-Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra M Dold
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
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5
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Le Goupil S, Laprade H, Aubry M, Chevet E. Exploring the IRE1 interactome: From canonical signaling functions to unexpected roles. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107169. [PMID: 38494075 PMCID: PMC11007444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response is a mechanism aiming at restoring endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and is likely involved in other adaptive pathways. The unfolded protein response is transduced by three proteins acting as sensors and triggering downstream signaling pathways. Among them, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) (referred to as IRE1 hereafter), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident type I transmembrane protein, exerts its function through both kinase and endoribonuclease activities, resulting in both X-box binding protein 1 mRNA splicing and RNA degradation (regulated ire1 dependent decay). An increasing number of studies have reported protein-protein interactions as regulators of these signaling mechanisms, and additionally, driving other noncanonical functions. In this review, we deliver evolutive and structural insights on IRE1 and further describe how this protein interaction network (interactome) regulates IRE1 signaling abilities or mediates other cellular processes through catalytic-independent mechanisms. Moreover, we focus on newly discovered targets of IRE1 kinase activity and discuss potentially novel IRE1 functions based on the nature of the interactome, thereby identifying new fields to explore regarding this protein's biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Le Goupil
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Hadrien Laprade
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Aubry
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
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6
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Li Y, Liu D, Zhang X, Rimal S, Lu B, Li S. RACK1 and IRE1 participate in the translational quality control of amyloid precursor protein in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105719. [PMID: 38311171 PMCID: PMC10907166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dysregulation of the expression and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Protein quality control systems are dedicated to remove faulty and deleterious proteins to maintain cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Identidying mechanisms underlying APP protein regulation is crucial for understanding AD pathogenesis. However, the factors and associated molecular mechanisms regulating APP protein quality control remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that mutant APP with its mitochondrial-targeting sequence ablated exhibited predominant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) distribution and led to aberrant ER morphology, deficits in locomotor activity, and shortened lifespan. We searched for regulators that could counteract the toxicity caused by the ectopic expression of this mutant APP. Genetic removal of the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) factor RACK1 resulted in reduced levels of ectopically expressed mutant APP. By contrast, gain of RACK1 function increased mutant APP level. Additionally, overexpression of the ER stress regulator (IRE1) resulted in reduced levels of ectopically expressed mutant APP. Mechanistically, the RQC related ATPase VCP/p97 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 were required for the reduction of mutant APP level by IRE1. These factors also regulated the expression and toxicity of ectopically expressed wild type APP, supporting their relevance to APP biology. Our results reveal functions of RACK1 and IRE1 in regulating the quality control of APP homeostasis and mitigating its pathogenic effects, with implications for the understanding and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Suman Rimal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Li Y, Liu D, Wang H, Zhang X, Lu B, Li S. The IRE1/Xbp1 axis restores ER and tissue homeostasis perturbed by excess Notch in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2024; 507:11-19. [PMID: 38142805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling controls numerous key cellular processes including cell fate determination and cell proliferation. Its malfunction has been linked to many developmental abnormalities and human disorders. Overactivation of Notch signaling is shown to be oncogenic. Retention of excess Notch protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can lead to altered Notch signaling and cell fate, but the mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we show that V5-tagged or untagged exogenous Notch is retained in the ER when overexpressed in fly tissues. Furthermore, we show that Notch retention in the ER leads to robust ER enlargement and elicits a rough eye phenotype. Gain-of-function of unfolded protein response (UPR) factors IRE1 or spliced Xbp1 (Xbp1-s) alleviates Notch accumulation in the ER, restores ER morphology and ameliorates the rough eye phenotype. Our results uncover a pivotal role of the IRE1/Xbp1 axis in regulating the detrimental effect of ER-localized excess Notch protein during development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haochuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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8
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Hossain MZ, Stroberg W. Bilayer tension-induced clustering of the UPR sensor IRE1. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2024; 1866:184262. [PMID: 38081494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum acts as a protein quality control center where a range of chaperones and foldases facilitates protein folding. IRE1 is a sensory transmembrane protein that transduces signals of proteotoxic stress by forming clusters and activating a cellular program called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Recently, membrane thickness variation due to membrane compositional changes have been shown to drive IRE1 cluster formation, activating the UPR even in the absence of proteotoxic stress. Here, we demonstrate a direct relationship between bilayer tension and UPR activation based on IRE1 dimer stability. The stability of the IRE1 dimer in a (50%DOPC-50%POPC) membrane at different applied bilayer tensions was analyzed via molecular dynamics simulations. The potential of mean force for IRE1 dimerization predicts a higher concentration of IRE1 dimers for both tensed and compressed ER membranes. This study shows that IRE1 may be a mechanosensitive membrane protein and establishes a direct biophysical relationship between bilayer tension and UPR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zobayer Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Wylie Stroberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
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9
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Ma W, Ahmad SAI, Hashimoto M, Khalilnezhad A, Kataoka M, Arima Y, Tanaka Y, Yanagi S, Umemoto T, Suda T. MITOL deficiency triggers hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis via ER stress response. EMBO J 2024; 43:339-361. [PMID: 38238476 PMCID: PMC10897143 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) divisional fate and function are determined by cellular metabolism, yet the contribution of specific cellular organelles and metabolic pathways to blood maintenance and stress-induced responses in the bone marrow remains poorly understood. The outer mitochondrial membrane-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase MITOL/MARCHF5 (encoded by the Mitol gene) is known to regulate mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interaction and to promote cell survival. Here, we investigated the functional involvement of MITOL in HSC maintenance by generating MX1-cre inducible Mitol knockout mice. MITOL deletion in the bone marrow resulted in HSC exhaustion and impairment of bone marrow reconstitution capability in vivo. Interestingly, MITOL loss did not induce major mitochondrial dysfunction in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In contrast, MITOL deletion induced prolonged ER stress in HSCs, which triggered cellular apoptosis regulated by IRE1α. In line, dampening of ER stress signaling by IRE1α inihibitor KIRA6 partially rescued apoptosis of long-term-reconstituting HSC. In summary, our observations indicate that MITOL is a principal regulator of hematopoietic homeostasis and protects blood stem cells from cell death through its function in ER stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Miho Kataoka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan.
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Centre for Translation Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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10
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Obacz J, Archambeau J, Lafont E, Nivet M, Martin S, Aubry M, Voutetakis K, Pineau R, Boniface R, Sicari D, Pelizzari-Raymundo D, Ghukasyan G, McGrath E, Vlachavas EI, Le Gallo M, Le Reste PJ, Barroso K, Fainsod-Levi T, Obiedat A, Granot Z, Tirosh B, Samal J, Pandit A, Négroni L, Soriano N, Monnier A, Mosser J, Chatziioannou A, Quillien V, Chevet E, Avril T. IRE1 endoribonuclease signaling promotes myeloid cell infiltration in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023:noad256. [PMID: 38153426 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic or environmental stresses trigger the accumulation of improperly folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. To cope with this, cells have evolved an adaptive mechanism named the unfolded protein response (UPR) which is hijacked by tumor cells to develop malignant features. Glioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor, relies on UPR to sustain growth. We recently showed that IRE1 alpha (referred to IRE1 hereafter), one of the UPR transducers, promotes GB invasion, angiogenesis and infiltration by macrophage. Hence, high tumor IRE1 activity in tumor cells predicts worse outcome. Herein, we characterized the IRE1-dependent signaling that shapes the immune microenvironment towards monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. METHODS We used human and mouse cellular models in which IRE1 was genetically or pharmacologically invalidated and which were tested in vivo. Publicly available datasets from GB patients were also analyzed to confirm our findings. RESULTS We showed that IRE1 signaling, through both the transcription factor XBP1s and the regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) controls the expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2D3. In turn, UBE2D3 activates the NFκB pathway, ensuing chemokine production and myeloid infiltration in tumors. CONCLUSION Our work identifies a novel IRE1/UBE2D3 pro-inflammatory axis that plays an instrumental role in GB immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | | | - Elodie Lafont
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | - Manon Nivet
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | - Sophie Martin
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | | | | | - Raphael Pineau
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | | | - Daria Sicari
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | | | | | - Eoghan McGrath
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | | | | | - Pierre Jean Le Reste
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
- Hospital of St Malo, France
| | - Kim Barroso
- IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Tanya Fainsod-Levi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Luc Négroni
- IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
| | - Tony Avril
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes
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11
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Carreras-Sureda A, Zhang X, Laubry L, Brunetti J, Koenig S, Wang X, Castelbou C, Hetz C, Liu Y, Frieden M, Demaurex N. The ER stress sensor IRE1 interacts with STIM1 to promote store-operated calcium entry, T cell activation, and muscular differentiation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113540. [PMID: 38060449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM)-gated ORAI channels at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) contact sites maintains adequate levels of Ca2+ within the ER lumen during Ca2+ signaling. Disruption of ER Ca2+ homeostasis activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore proteostasis. Here, we report that the UPR transducer inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) interacts with STIM1, promotes ER-PM contact sites, and enhances SOCE. IRE1 deficiency reduces T cell activation and human myoblast differentiation. In turn, STIM1 deficiency reduces IRE1 signaling after store depletion. Using a CaMPARI2-based Ca2+ genome-wide screen, we identify CAMKG2 and slc105a as SOCE enhancers during ER stress. Our findings unveil a direct crosstalk between SOCE and UPR via IRE1, acting as key regulator of ER Ca2+ and proteostasis in T cells and muscles. Under ER stress, this IRE1-STIM1 axis boosts SOCE to preserve immune cell functions, a pathway that could be targeted for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loann Laubry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Brunetti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Koenig
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cyril Castelbou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO), Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Gebert M, Bartoszewska S, Opalinski L, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. IRE1-mediated degradation of pre-miR-301a promotes apoptosis through upregulation of GADD45A. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:322. [PMID: 37946177 PMCID: PMC10634081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response is a survival signaling pathway that is induced during various types of ER stress. Here, we determine IRE1's role in miRNA regulation during ER stress. During induction of ER stress in human bronchial epithelial cells, we utilized next generation sequencing to demonstrate that pre-miR-301a and pre-miR-106b were significantly increased in the presence of an IRE1 inhibitor. Conversely, using nuclear-cytosolic fractionation on ER stressed cells, we found that these pre-miRNAs were decreased in the nuclear fractions without the IRE1 inhibitor. We also found that miR-301a-3p targets the proapoptotic UPR factor growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible alpha (GADD45A). Inhibiting miR-301a-3p levels or blocking its predicted miRNA binding site in GADD45A's 3' UTR with a target protector increased GADD45A mRNA expression. Furthermore, an elevation of XBP1s expression had no effect on GADD45A mRNA expression. We also demonstrate that the introduction of a target protector for the miR-301a-3p binding site in GADD45A mRNA during ER stress promoted cell death in the airway epithelial cells. In summary, these results indicate that IRE1's endonuclease activity is a two-edged sword that can splice XBP1 mRNA to stabilize survival or degrade pre-miR-301a to elevate GADD45A mRNA expression to lead to apoptosis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot- Curie 14a Street, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland.
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13
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Sogawa A, Komori R, Yanagitani K, Ohfurudono M, Tsuru A, Kadoi K, Kimata Y, Yoshida H, Kohno K. Signal sequence-triage is activated by translocon obstruction sensed by an ER stress sensor IRE1α. Cell Struct Funct 2023; 48:211-221. [PMID: 37766570 DOI: 10.1247/csf.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory pathway proteins are cotranslationally translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of metazoan cells through the protein channel, translocon. Given that there are far fewer translocons than ribosomes in a cell, it is essential that secretory protein-translating ribosomes only occupy translocons transiently. Therefore, if translocons are obstructed by ribosomes stalled or slowed in translational elongation, it possibly results in deleterious consequences to cellular function. Hence, we investigated how translocon clogging by stalled ribosomes affects mammalian cells. First, we constructed ER-destined translational arrest proteins (ER-TAP) as an artificial protein that clogged the translocon in the ER membrane. Here, we show that the translocon clogging by ER-TAP expression activates triage of signal sequences (SS) in which secretory pathway proteins harboring highly efficient SS are preferentially translocated into the ER lumen. Interestingly, the translocon obstructed status specifically activates inositol requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) but not protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK). Given that the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway mainly induces the translocon components, our discovery implies that lowered availability of translocon activates IRE1α, which induces translocon itself. This results in rebalance between protein influx into the ER and the cellular translocation capacity.Key words: endoplasmic reticulum, translocation capacity, translocon clogging, IRE1, signal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashuei Sogawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Osaka International Cancer Institute (OICI)
| | - Ryota Komori
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Kota Yanagitani
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Ubiquitin Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University
| | - Miku Ohfurudono
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Akio Tsuru
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Koji Kadoi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Yukio Kimata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
| | - Hiderou Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Kenji Kohno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo
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14
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Hoff FW, Qiu Y, Brown BD, Gerbing RB, Leonti AR, Ries RE, Gamis AS, Aplenc R, Kolb EA, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S, Jenkins GN, Horton T, Kornblau SM. Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) is prognostically unfavorable in pediatric AML, and negatively correlates with unfolded protein response proteins IRE1 and GRP78: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200109. [PMID: 37287368 PMCID: PMC10700663 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site of protein synthesis and folding in the cell. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and unfolded protein response (UPR) are the main mechanisms of ER-mediated cell stress adaptation. Targeting the cell stress response is a promising therapeutic approach in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Protein expression levels of valosin-containing protein (VCP), a chief element of ERAD, were measured in peripheral blood samples from in 483 pediatric AML patients using reverse phase protein array methodology. Patients participated in the Children's Oncology Group AAML1031 phase 3 clinical trial that randomized patients to standard chemotherapy (cytarabine (Ara-C), daunorubicin, and etoposide [ADE]) versus ADE plus bortezomib (ADE+BTZ). RESULTS Low-VCP expression was significantly associated with favorable 5-year overall survival (OS) rate compared to middle-high-VCP expression (81% versus 63%, p < 0.001), independent of additional bortezomib treatment. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified VCP as independent predictor of clinical outcome. UPR proteins IRE1 and GRP78 had significant negative correlation with VCP. Five-year OS in patients characterized by low-VCP, moderately high-IRE1 and high-GRP78 improved after treatment with ADE+BTZ versus ADE (66% versus 88%, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest the potential of the protein VCP as biomarker in prognostication prediction in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke W. Hoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brandon D. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Amanda R. Leonti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rhonda E. Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alan S. Gamis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. Anders Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Todd A. Alonzo
- COG Statistics and Data Center, Monrovia, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gaye N Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Terzah Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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15
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Nagar P, Sharma P, Dhapola R, Kumari S, Medhi B, HariKrishnaReddy D. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in Alzheimer's disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Life Sci 2023; 330:121983. [PMID: 37524162 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that leads to memory loss and cognitive impairment over time. It is characterized by protein misfolding as well as prolonged cellular stress, such as perturbing calcium homeostasis and redox management. Numerous investigations have proven that endoplasmic reticulum failure may exhibit exacerbation of AD pathogenesis in AD patients, in-vivo and in-vitro models. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) participates in a variety of biological functions including folding of protein, quality control, cholesterol production, and maintenance of calcium balance. A diverse range of physiological, pathological and pharmacological substances can interfere with ER activity and thus lead to exaggeration of ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an intracellular signaling network is stimulated due to ER stress. Three stress sensors found in the endoplasmic reticulum, the PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 transducers detect protein misfolding in the ER and trigger UPR, a complex system to maintain homeostasis. ER stress is linked to many of the major pathological processes that are seen in AD, including presenilin1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) gene mutation, tau phosphorylation and β-amyloid formation. The role of ER stress and UPR in the pathophysiology of AD implies that they can be employed as potent therapeutic target. This study shows the relationship between ER and AD and how the pathogenesis of AD is influenced by the impact of ER stress. An effective method for the prevention or treatment of AD may involve therapeutic strategies that modify ER stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushank Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
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16
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Zeng X, Geng W, Zhang Y, Yin J, Xu G, Yu M, Li L, Jia J. Thioredoxin-1 inhibits the activation of IRE1 by targeting Hsp90/p-Cdc37 chaperone complex in Parkinson disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102000. [PMID: 37437766 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Our previous study has revealed that thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) attenuated IRE1 activation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)/1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD models. However, its exact mechanism has been largely unclear. In this research, it was reported for the first time that the protein levels of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and phosphorylated cell division cycle 37 (p-Cdc37) were significantly decreased and the interaction of Hsp90/p-Cdc37 complex with IRE1 was disturbed in MPP+/MPTP-induced PD models. Trx-1 overexpression reversed the expression of Hsp90 and p-Cdc37 in cultured cells and the substantia nigra pars compacta of mice. More importantly, Trx-1 overexpression enhanced the interaction of Hsp90/p-Cdc37 complex with IRE1. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Trx-1 inhibited IRE1 activation in PD by elevating the expression of Hsp90 and p-Cdc37 and strengthening the interaction of Hsp90/p-Cdc37 complex and IRE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Wenshuo Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China.
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17
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Tao ZQ, Wei BZ, Zhao M, Zhang XX, Zhong Y, Wan J. Hypoxia Affects Autophagy in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via the IRE1 Unfolded Protein Response. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:689-695. [PMID: 37558862 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the unfolded protein response, specifically the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) signaling pathway, in hypoxia-induced autophagy in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS The expression of IRE1 and autophagy relative protein in HUVECs with hypoxia was explored by Western blotting, qRT-PCR and confocal microscopy. Further, we evaluated the biological effects of HUVECs by tube formation assay and wound healing assay in vitro. Finally, we examined the function of IRE1 in local blood vessels through animal models. RESULTS Hypoxia activated the IRE1 signaling pathway and induced autophagy in a time-dependent manner in HUVECs and further influenced the biological effects of HUVECs. Intraperitoneal injection of IRE1 inhibitors inhibited local vascular autophagy levels and lipid accumulation in model animals. CONCLUSION Hypoxia can induce autophagy and activate the IRE1 signaling pathway in HUVECs and the IRE1 signaling pathway is involved in autophagy in hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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18
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Wang K, Zhang J, Yang Y, Si Y, Zhou Z, Zhu X, Wu S, Liu H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Cheng L, Ye W, Lv X, Lei Y, Zhang X, Cheng S, Shen L, Zhang F, Ma H. STING strengthens host anti-hantaviral immunity through an interferon-independent pathway. Virol Sin 2023; 38:568-584. [PMID: 37355006 PMCID: PMC10436061 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV), the prototype virus of hantavirus, could escape innate immunity by restraining type I interferon (IFN) responses. It is largely unknown whether there existed other efficient anti-hantaviral tactics in host cells. Here, we demonstrate that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) strengthens the host IFN-independent anti-hantaviral immunity. HTNV infection activates RIG-I through IRE1-XBP 1-mediated ER stress, which further facilitates the subcellular translocation and activation of STING. During this process, STING triggers cellular autophagy by interacting with Rab7A, thus restricting viral replication. To note, the anti-hantaviral effects of STING are independent of canonical IFN signaling. Additionally, neither application of the pharmacological antagonist nor the agonist targeting STING could improve the outcomes of nude mice post HTNV challenge in vivo. However, the administration of plasmids exogenously expressing the mutant C-terminal tail (ΔCTT) STING, which would not trigger the type I IFN responses, protected the nude mice from lethal HTNV infection. In summary, our research revealed a novel antiviral pathway through the RIG-I-STING-autophagy pathway, which offered novel therapeutic strategies against hantavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yue Si
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ziqing Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Sushan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shilin Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lixin Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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19
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Guan Q, Wang Z, Hu K, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Melatonin Ameliorates Hepatic Ferroptosis in NAFLD by Inhibiting ER Stress via the MT2/cAMP/PKA/ IRE1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3937-3950. [PMID: 37564204 PMCID: PMC10411470 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death form, has recently been observed in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Melatonin (Mel) shows potential benefits for preventing and treating liver diseases. Whether and how Mel ameliorates hepatic ferroptosis in NAFLD is not fully understood. Here we established a mouse model of NAFLD induced by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. We found that Mel treatment ameliorated global metabolic abnormalities and inhibited the progression of NAFLD in mice. Most importantly, Mel supplementation significantly improved HFD-induced iron homeostasis disorders in the liver, including iron overload and ferritin transport disorders. For another, Mel ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation. The recuperative role of exogenous Mel on hepatocyte ferroptosis was also observed in PA- or Erastin-treated HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, MT2, but not MT1, was involved in the effect of Mel. Furthermore, Mel treatment inhibited HFD or Erastin-activated ER stress and activated the PKA/IRE1 signaling pathway. Co-expression of p-PKA and p-IRE1 was enhanced by the MT2 antagonist. Inhibitions of PKA and IRE1 respectively improved hepatocyte ferroptosis, and activations of cAMP/PKA reversed Mel's effect on ferroptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that exogenous Mel inhibits hepatic ferroptosis in NAFLD by ameliorating ER stress through the MT2/cAMP/PKA/IRE1 pathway, proving that Mel is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of hepatic ferroptosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keyu Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Wu D, Zhang X, Zimmerly KM, Wang R, Livingston A, Iwawaki T, Kumar A, Wu X, Mandell MA, Liu M, Yang XO. Unconventional Activation of IRE1 Enhances TH17 Responses and Promotes Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.30.547286. [PMID: 37461622 PMCID: PMC10349957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-refractory severe asthma manifests a neutrophilic phenotype associated with TH17 responses. Heightened unfolded protein responses (UPRs) are associated with the risk of asthma, including severe asthma. However, how UPRs participate in the deregulation of TH17 cells leading to this type of asthma remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of the UPR sensor IRE1 in TH17 cell function and neutrophilic airway inflammation. We found that IRE1 is induced in fungal asthma and is highly expressed in TH17 cells relative to naïve CD4+ T cells. Cytokine (e.g. IL-23) signals induce the IRE1-XBP1s axis in a JAK2-dependent manner. This noncanonical activation of the IRE1-XBP1s pathway promotes UPRs and cytokine secretion by TH17 cells. Ern1 (encoding IRE1)-deficiency decreases the expression of ER stress factors and impairs the differentiation and cytokine secretion of TH17 cells. Genetic ablation of Ern1 leads to alleviated TH17 responses and airway neutrophilia in a Candida albicans asthma model. Consistently, IL-23 activates the JAK2-IRE1-XBP1s pathway in vivo and enhances TH17 responses and neutrophilic infiltration into the airway. Taken together, our data indicate that IRE1, noncanonically activated by cytokine signals, promotes neutrophilic airway inflammation through the UPRmediated secretory function of TH17 cells. The findings provide a novel insight into the fundamental understanding of IRE1 in TH17-biased TH2-low asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kourtney M. Zimmerly
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Amanda Livingston
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael A. Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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21
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Iyer S, Adams DJ. Bone and the Unfolded Protein Response: In Sickness and in Health. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:96-109. [PMID: 37243756 PMCID: PMC10326125 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation and optimal function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are contingent on synthesis and maintenance of a healthy proteome. Impaired and/or altered secretory capacity of these skeletal cells is a primary driver of most skeletal diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orchestrates the folding and maturation of membrane as well as secreted proteins at high rates within a calcium rich and oxidative organellar niche. Three ER membrane proteins monitor fidelity of protein processing in the ER and initiate an intricate signaling cascade known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to remediate accumulation of misfolded proteins in its lumen, a condition referred to as ER stress. The UPR aids in fine-tuning, expanding and/or modifying the cellular proteome, especially in specialized secretory cells, to match everchanging physiologic cues and metabolic demands. Sustained activation of the UPR due to chronic ER stress, however, is known to hasten cell death and drive pathophysiology of several diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ER stress and an aberrant UPR may contribute to poor skeletal health and the development of osteoporosis. Small molecule therapeutics that target distinct components of the UPR may therefore have implications for developing novel treatment modalities relevant to the skeleton. This review summarizes the complexity of UPR actions in bone cells in the context of skeletal physiology and osteoporotic bone loss, and highlights the need for future mechanistic studies to develop novel UPR therapeutics that mitigate adverse skeletal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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22
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Medel B, Bernales JI, Lira A, Fernández D, Iwawaki T, Vargas P, Osorio F. The Unfolded Protein Response Sensor IRE1 Regulates Activation of In Vitro Differentiated Type 1 Conventional DCs with Viral Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10205. [PMID: 37373353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are leukocytes competent to coordinate antiviral immunity, and thus, the intracellular mechanisms controlling cDC1 function are a matter of intense research. The unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE1 and its associated transcription factor XBP1s control relevant functional aspects in cDC1s including antigen cross-presentation and survival. However, most studies connecting IRE1 and cDC1 function are undertaken in vivo. Thus, the aim of this work is to elucidate whether IRE1 RNase activity can also be modeled in cDC1s differentiated in vitro and reveal the functional consequences of such activation in cells stimulated with viral components. Our data show that cultures of optimally differentiated cDC1s recapitulate several features of IRE1 activation noticed in in vivo counterparts and identify the viral analog Poly(I:C) as a potent UPR inducer in the lineage. In vitro differentiated cDC1s display constitutive IRE1 RNase activity and hyperactivate IRE1 RNase upon genetic deletion of XBP1s, which regulates production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12p40, TNF-α and IL-6, Ifna and Ifnb upon Poly(I:C) stimulation. Our results show that a strict regulation of the IRE1/XBP1s axis regulates cDC1 activation to viral agonists, expanding the scope of this UPR branch in potential DC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Medel
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - José Ignacio Bernales
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Alonso Lira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Dominique Fernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Leukomotion Lab, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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23
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Flores-Santibañez F, Rennen S, Fernández D, De Nolf C, Van De Velde E, Gaete González S, Fuentes C, Moreno C, Figueroa D, Lladser Á, Iwawaki T, Bono MR, Janssens S, Osorio F. Nuanced role for dendritic cell intrinsic IRE1 RNase in the regulation of antitumor adaptive immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209588. [PMID: 37346037 PMCID: PMC10279875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, activation of the IRE1/XBP1s axis of the unfolded protein response (UPR) promotes immunosuppression and tumor growth, by acting in cancer cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells. However, the role of IRE1/XBP1s in dendritic cells (DCs) in tumors, particularly in conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) which are cellular targets in immunotherapy, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the role of IRE1/XBP1s in subcutaneous B16/B78 melanoma and MC38 tumors by generating loss-of-function models of IRE1 and/or XBP1s in DCs or in cDC1s. Data show that concomitant deletion of the RNase domain of IRE1 and XBP1s in DCs and cDC1s does not influence the kinetics of B16/B78 and MC38 tumor growth or the effector profile of tumor infiltrating T cells. A modest effect is observed in mice bearing single deletion of XBP1s in DCs, which showed slight acceleration of melanoma tumor growth and dysfunctional T cell responses, however, this effect was not recapitulated in animals lacking XBP1 only in cDC1s. Thus, evidence presented here argues against a general pro-tumorigenic role of the IRE1/XBP1s pathway in tumor associated DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Flores-Santibañez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofie Rennen
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Fernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clint De Nolf
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van De Velde
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Gaete González
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Fuentes
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Moreno
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Figueroa
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundación Ciencia and Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundación Ciencia and Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Pang KL, Mai CW, Chin KY. Molecular Mechanism of Tocotrienol-Mediated Anticancer Properties: A Systematic Review of the Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081854. [PMID: 37111076 PMCID: PMC10145773 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocotrienol, a type of vitamin E, is well known for its anti-cancer and other biological activities. This systematic review aims to summarize the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) as the underlying molecular mechanisms for the anticancer properties of tocotrienol. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was performed in March 2023 using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. In vitro, in vivo, and human studies were considered. RESULT A total of 840 articles were retrieved during the initial search, and 11 articles that fit the selection criteria were included for qualitative analysis. The current mechanistic findings are based solely on in vitro studies. Tocotrienol induces cancer cell growth arrest, autophagy, and cell death primarily through apoptosis but also through paraptosis-like cell death. Tocotrienol-rich fractions, including α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols, induce ERS, as evidenced by upregulation of UPR markers and/or ERS-related apoptosis markers. Early endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion release, increased ceramide level, proteasomal inhibition, and upregulation of microRNA-190b were suggested to be essential in modulating tocotrienol-mediated ERS/UPR transduction. Nevertheless, the upstream molecular mechanism of tocotrienol-induced ERS is largely unknown. CONCLUSION ERS and UPR are essential in modulating tocotrienol-mediated anti-cancer effects. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the upstream molecular mechanism of tocotrienol-mediated ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri 79200, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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25
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Ben-Khoud Y, Chen CS, Ali MMU. Alternative ATPase domain interactions in eukaryotic Hsp70 chaperones. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1155784. [PMID: 37006606 PMCID: PMC10061150 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1155784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 molecular chaperones are essential components for maintaining protein homeostasis within cells. They interact with substrate or client proteins in a well characterised fashion that is regulated by ATP and supported by co-chaperones. In eukaryotes there is a vast array of Hsp70 isoforms that may facilitate adaption to a particular cellular compartment and distinct biological role. Emerging data indicate a novel type of interaction between Hsp70 and client protein that does not fit with the classical Hsp70 ATP regulated substrate mechanism. In this review, we highlight Hsp70 ATPase domain interactions with binding partners from various biological systems that we refer to as Hsp70 ATPase alternative binding proteins or HAAB proteins. We identify common mechanistic features that may define how Hsp70 operates when associating with proteins in this alternative HAAB mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin Ben-Khoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Sheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maruf M U Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Pontisso I, Ornelas-Guevara R, Combettes L, Dupont G. A journey in UPR modelling. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e2200111. [PMID: 36751133 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding and protein maturation largely occur in the controlled environment of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Perturbation to the correct functioning of this organelle leads to altered proteostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. This condition is commonly known as ER stress and is appearing as an important contributor in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Monitoring of the quality control processes is mediated by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). This response consists in a complex network of signalling pathways that aim to restore protein folding and ER homeostasis. Conditions in which UPR is not able to overcome ER stress lead to a switch of the UPR signalling program from an adaptive to a pro-apoptotic one, revealing a key role of UPR in modulating cell fate decisions. Because of its high complexity and its involvement in the regulation of different cellular outcomes, UPR has been the centre of the development of computational models, which tried to better dissect the role of UPR or of its specific components in several contexts. In this review, we go through the existing mathematical models of UPR. We emphasize how their study contributed to an improved characterization of the role of this intricate response in the modulation of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pontisso
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) - CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.,"Calcium signaling and microbial infections", Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Laurent Combettes
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) - CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.,"Calcium signaling and microbial infections", Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Bashir S, Banday M, Qadri O, Pal D, Bashir A, Hilal N, Altaf M, Fazili KM. The Bcl-2 family protein bid interacts with the ER stress sensor IRE1 to differentially modulate its RNase activity. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:962-974. [PMID: 36723387 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
IRE1 is a transmembrane signalling protein that activates the unfolded protein response under endoplasmic reticulum stress. IRE1 is endowed with kinase and endoribonuclease activities. The ribonuclease activity of IRE1 can switch substrate specificities to carry out atypical splicing of Xbp1 mRNA or trigger the degradation of specific mRNAs. The mechanisms regulating the distinct ribonuclease activities of IRE1 have yet to be fully understood. Here, we report the Bcl-2 family protein Bid as a novel recruit of the IRE1 complex, which directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of IRE1. Bid binding to IRE1 leads to a decrease in IRE1 phosphorylation in a way that it can only perform Xbp1 splicing while mRNA degradation activity is repressed. The RNase outputs of IRE1 have been found to regulate the homeostatic-apoptotic switch. This study, thus, provides insight into IRE1-mediated cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samirul Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Mariam Banday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Ozaira Qadri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Computational and Data Science (CDS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Arif Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Nazia Hilal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
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28
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Dudkevich R, Koh JH, Beaudoin-Chabot C, Celik C, Lebenthal-Loinger I, Karako-Lampert S, Ahmad-Albukhari S, Thibault G, Henis-Korenblit S. Neuronal IRE-1 coordinates an organism-wide cold stress response by regulating fat metabolism. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111739. [PMID: 36450261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold affects many aspects of biology, medicine, agriculture, and industry. Here, we identify a conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, distinct from the canonical unfolded protein response, that maintains lipid homeostasis during extreme cold. We establish that the ER stress sensor IRE-1 is critical for resistance to extreme cold and activated by cold temperature. Specifically, neuronal IRE-1 signals through JNK-1 and neuropeptide signaling to regulate lipid composition within the animal. This cold-response pathway can be bypassed by dietary supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids. Altogether, our findings define an ER-centric conserved organism-wide cold stress response, consisting of molecular neuronal sensors, effectors, and signaling moieties, which control adaptation to cold conditions in the organism. Better understanding of the molecular basis of this stress response is crucial for the optimal use of cold conditions on live organisms and manipulation of lipid saturation homeostasis, which is perturbed in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Dudkevich
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jhee Hong Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Cenk Celik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Sarit Karako-Lampert
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Syed Ahmad-Albukhari
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Roberto Pinto A, Américo MF, Terenzi H, Silveira DB. Inhibiting IRE-1 RNase signaling decreases HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory M1 state in microglial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130219. [PMID: 35926731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 transactivator (Tat) protein plays a critical role in neurological disorders resulting from viral infection, commonly known as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Previous studies have shown that circulant Tat induces M1 microglial activation, one of the hallmark features of HAND, and this is coupled with ER stress and subsequent Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) triggering. Here, we demonstrate that bystander stimuli of Tat in microglial cells result in the simultaneous overexpression of IRE1-related markers and production of M1-typed proinflammatory mediators. We also show that blocking IRE1/XBP-1 signaling using 4μ8C diminishes such inflammatory response. These findings reinforce a role for the IRE1/XBP-1 pathway in HIV-1 Tat neuropathology and suggest that targeting IRE1 RNase activity using 4μ8C or analogue compounds may provide a therapeutic intervention to mitigate against neuroinflammation in HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Hernán Terenzi
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Douglas Bardini Silveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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30
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Liu Y, Lv Y, Wei A, Guo M, Li Y, Wang J, Wang X, Bao Y. Unfolded protein response in balancing plant growth and stress tolerance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1019414. [PMID: 36275569 PMCID: PMC9585285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is the largest membrane-bound multifunctional organelle in eukaryotic cells, serving particularly important in protein synthesis, modification, folding and transport. UPR (unfolded protein response) is one of the systematized strategies that eukaryotic cells employ for responding to ER stress, a condition represents the processing capability of ER is overwhelmed and stressed. UPR is usually triggered when the protein folding capacity of ER is overloaded, and indeed, mounting studies were focused on the stress responding side of UPR. In plants, beyond stress response, accumulating evidence suggests that UPR is essential for growth and development, and more importantly, the necessity of UPR in this regard requires its endogenous basal activation even without stress. Then plants must have to fine tune the activation level of UPR pathway for balancing growth and stress response. In this review, we summarized the recent progresses in plant UPR, centering on its role in controlling plant reproduction and root growth, and lay out some outstanding questions to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonglun Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - An Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mujin Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Kim JY, Wang LQ, Sladky VC, Oh TG, Liu J, Trinh K, Eichin F, Downes M, Hosseini M, Jacotot ED, Evans RM, Villunger A, Karin M. PIDDosome-SCAP crosstalk controls high-fructose-diet-dependent transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1548-1560.e6. [PMID: 36041455 PMCID: PMC9547947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sterol deficiency triggers SCAP-mediated SREBP activation, whereas hypernutrition together with ER stress activates SREBP1/2 via caspase-2. Whether these pathways interact and how they are selectively activated by different dietary cues are unknown. Here, we reveal regulatory crosstalk between the two pathways that controls the transition from hepatosteatosis to steatohepatitis. Hepatic ER stress elicited by NASH-inducing diets activates IRE1 and induces expression of the PIDDosome subunits caspase-2, RAIDD, and PIDD1, along with INSIG2, an inhibitor of SCAP-dependent SREBP activation. PIDDosome assembly activates caspase-2 and sustains IRE1 activation. PIDDosome ablation or IRE1 inhibition blunt steatohepatitis and diminish INSIG2 expression. Conversely, while inhibiting simple steatosis, SCAP ablation amplifies IRE1 and PIDDosome activation and liver damage in NASH-diet-fed animals, effects linked to ER disruption and preventable by IRE1 inhibition. Thus, the PIDDosome and SCAP pathways antagonistically modulate nutrient-induced hepatic ER stress to control non-linear transition from simple steatosis to hepatitis, a key step in NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Lily Q Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Valentina C Sladky
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 9037, USA
| | - Junlai Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Trinh
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Felix Eichin
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 9037, USA
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Etienne D Jacotot
- INSERM U1164 Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10033, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 9037, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Zhang B, Zhu R, Sun X, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Oh Y, Fan L, Wang C, Gu N. Fatty acid palmitate suppresses FoxO1 expression via PERK and IRE1 unfolded protein response in C2C12 myotubes. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105459. [PMID: 36030031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor with a unique fork head domain that indirectly participates in a variety of physiological processes and plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. Palmitate as the most abundant free fatty acid, accounting for 28-32% of total free fatty acids in human plasma. There is a direct relationship between palmitate and insulin resistance-induced type 2 diabetes. In addition, palmitate can activate the unfolded protein response signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to investigate the response of FoxO1 to palmitate and the relationship with ER stress in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment of palmitate or tunicamycin promoted ER stress-related genes expression but suppressed FoxO1 expression, while 4-phenylbutyrate presented the opposite activity in palmitate-pretreated C2C12 myotubes, indicating that ER stress might be closely associated with FoxO1 expression. Moreover, palmitate-suppressed FoxO1 expression was reversed in C2C12 cells when the PERK and IRE-1 signaling pathway was inhibited by treatment with GSK2656157 or 4μ8C. However, no differences were observed when the ATF6 signaling pathway was suppressed by knockout of the ATF6 gene. These findings suggest that palmitate suppressed FoxO1 expression via the PERK and IRE1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Nanxi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Changlin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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Baeken MW, Yokobayashi Y. Identification of an ERN1 target site within EGFP mRNA. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1298-1305. [PMID: 35908204 PMCID: PMC9544080 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) is one of the most common tools used in life sciences, including research focusing on proteostasis. Here we report that ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1), which is upregulated by UPR (unfolded protein response), targets an RNA hairpin loop motif in EGFP mRNA. A silent mutation introduced into EGFP mRNA abolished the ERN1‐dependent mRNA decay. Therefore, experiments that employ EGFP as a reporter gene in studies that involve upregulation of the UPR pathway should be interpreted carefully, and a mutant devoid of the ERN1 target motif may be more suitable for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius W Baeken
- Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Engineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Yokobayashi
- Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Engineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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Peng J, Qin C, Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, Guo S, Hussain M, Yu L, Wondisford FE, He L. Activation of the canonical ER Stress IRE1-XBP1 Pathway by Insulin Regulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102283. [PMID: 35863429 PMCID: PMC9396404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout of the transcription factor X-box binding protein (XBP1) is known to decrease liver glucose production and lipogenesis. However, whether insulin can regulate gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis through XBP1 and how insulin activates the inositol-requiring enzyme-XBP1 ER stress pathway remains unexplored. Here, we report that in the fed state, insulin-activated kinase AKT directly phosphorylates inositol-requiring enzyme 1 at S724, which in turn mediates the splicing of XBP1u mRNA, thus favoring the generation of the spliced form, XBP1s, in the liver of mice. Subsequently, XBP1s stimulate the expression of lipogenic genes and upregulates liver lipogenesis as previously reported. Intriguingly, we find that fasting leads to an increase in XBP1u along with a drastic decrease in XBP1s in the liver of mice, and XBP1u, not XBP1s, significantly increases PKA-stimulated CRE reporter activity in cultured hepatocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of XBP1u significantly increases cAMP-stimulated expression of rate-limiting gluconeogenic genes, G6pc and Pck1, and glucose production in primary hepatocytes. Reexpression of XBP1u in the liver of mice with XBP1 depletion significantly increases fasting blood glucose levels and gluconeogenic gene expression. These data support an important role of XBP1u in upregulating gluconeogenesis in the fasted state. Taken together, we reveal that insulin signaling via AKT controls the expression of XBP1 isoforms and that XBP1u and XBP1s function in different nutritional states to regulate liver gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Caolitao Qin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Alexia Pearah
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, TX 77843
| | - Mehboob Hussain
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Ling He
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Belyy V, Zuazo-Gaztelu I, Alamban A, Ashkenazi A, Walter P. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates human IRE1α through reversible assembly of inactive dimers into small oligomers. eLife 2022; 11:e74342. [PMID: 35730415 PMCID: PMC9217129 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein folding homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is regulated by a signaling network, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an ER membrane-resident kinase/RNase that mediates signal transmission in the most evolutionarily conserved branch of the UPR. Dimerization and/or higher-order oligomerization of IRE1 are thought to be important for its activation mechanism, yet the actual oligomeric states of inactive, active, and attenuated mammalian IRE1 complexes remain unknown. We developed an automated two-color single-molecule tracking approach to dissect the oligomerization of tagged endogenous human IRE1 in live cells. In contrast to previous models, our data indicate that IRE1 exists as a constitutive homodimer at baseline and assembles into small oligomers upon ER stress. We demonstrate that the formation of inactive dimers and stress-dependent oligomers is fully governed by IRE1's lumenal domain. Phosphorylation of IRE1's kinase domain occurs more slowly than oligomerization and is retained after oligomers disassemble back into dimers. Our findings suggest that assembly of IRE1 dimers into larger oligomers specifically enables trans-autophosphorylation, which in turn drives IRE1's RNase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Belyy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Andrew Alamban
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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Gómez-Puerta S, Ferrero R, Hochstoeger T, Zubiri I, Chao J, Aragón T, Voigt F. Live imaging of the co-translational recruitment of XBP1 mRNA to the ER and its processing by diffuse, non-polarized IRE1α. eLife 2022; 11:e75580. [PMID: 35730412 PMCID: PMC9217131 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus homeostatic signaling, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), relies on the non-canonical splicing of XBP1 mRNA. The molecular switch that initiates splicing is the oligomerization of the ER stress sensor and UPR endonuclease IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha). While IRE1α can form large clusters that have been proposed to function as XBP1 processing centers on the ER, the actual oligomeric state of active IRE1α complexes as well as the targeting mechanism that recruits XBP1 to IRE1α oligomers remains unknown. Here, we have developed a single-molecule imaging approach to monitor the recruitment of individual XBP1 transcripts to the ER surface. Using this methodology, we confirmed that stable ER association of unspliced XBP1 mRNA is established through HR2 (hydrophobic region 2)-dependent targeting and relies on active translation. In addition, we show that IRE1α-catalyzed splicing mobilizes XBP1 mRNA from the ER membrane in response to ER stress. Surprisingly, we find that XBP1 transcripts are not recruited into large IRE1α clusters, which are only observed upon overexpression of fluorescently tagged IRE1α during ER stress. Our findings support a model where ribosome-engaged, immobilized XBP1 mRNA is processed by small IRE1α assemblies that could be dynamically recruited for processing of mRNA transcripts on the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gómez-Puerta
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Roberto Ferrero
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Tobias Hochstoeger
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Ivan Zubiri
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Jeffrey Chao
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tomás Aragón
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Franka Voigt
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
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Liang Y, Qu L, Liu Z, Liang L, Wang Y, Quan S, Wang Y, Tang L. The IRE1/JNK signaling pathway regulates inflammation cytokines and production of glomerular extracellular matrix in the acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35696049 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is extremely complex. Incomplete renal tubule repair, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress all play major roles. AKI activates ER stress, and the sensor protein inositol-requiring kinase-1 (IRE1) mediates inflammation by promoting the phosphorylation of C-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). The interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling pathway is associated with the secretion of renal extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis. It remains unclear whether these signaling pathways play a role in the AKI-CKD transition. METHODS In this study, a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) with bilateral renal artery clipping was used. IRE1 or JNK inhibitors were also injected to confirm their roles in the AKI-CKD transition. The renal function of the mice was determined by observing the pathology of the renal tubules and glomeruli through electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS I/R stimulates ER stress and the IRE1/JNK pathway in the renal tubules in a short period of time, leading to continuous inflammation. Long-term I/R injury activates the STAT3 pathway in the glomeruli, activates mesangial cells proliferation, causes secretion of large amounts of glomerular ECM, and promotes glomerular sclerosis. This damage to the renal tubules and glomeruli is significantly reduced in I/R model mice pretreated with IRE1 or JNK inhibitors. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the IRE1/JNK pathway regulates the inflammatory cytokines caused by AKI and continues to activate the STAT3 pathway and production of ECM in the glomeruli at late stages, suggesting the feasibility of targeted therapy for the AKI-CKD transition.
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Wiseman RL, Mesgarzadeh JS, Hendershot LM. Reshaping endoplasmic reticulum quality control through the unfolded protein response. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1477-1491. [PMID: 35452616 PMCID: PMC9038009 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) pathways comprising chaperones, folding enzymes, and degradation factors ensure the fidelity of ER protein folding and trafficking to downstream secretory environments. However, multiple factors, including tissue-specific secretory proteomes, environmental and genetic insults, and organismal aging, challenge ERQC. Thus, a key question is: how do cells adapt ERQC to match the diverse, ever-changing demands encountered during normal physiology and in disease? The answer lies in the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling mechanism activated by ER stress. In mammals, the UPR comprises three signaling pathways regulated downstream of the ER membrane proteins IRE1, ATF6, and PERK. Upon activation, these UPR pathways remodel ERQC to alleviate cellular stress and restore ER function. Here, we describe how UPR signaling pathways adapt ERQC, highlighting their importance for maintaining ER function across tissues and the potential for targeting the UPR to mitigate pathologies associated with protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037,To whom correspondences should be addressed: Linda Hendershot, ; R. Luke Wiseman,
| | - Jaleh S. Mesgarzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Linda M. Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105,To whom correspondences should be addressed: Linda Hendershot, ; R. Luke Wiseman,
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García-González P, Fernández D, Gutiérrez D, Parra-Cordero M, Osorio F. Human cDC1 display constitutive activation of the UPR Sensor IRE1. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1069-1076. [PMID: 35419836 PMCID: PMC9541385 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular mechanisms safeguarding DC function are of biomedical interest in several immune‐related diseases. Type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) are prominent targets of immunotherapy typified by constitutive activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE1. Through its RNase domain, IRE1 regulates key processes in cDC1s including survival, ER architecture and function. However, most evidence linking IRE1 RNase with cDC1 biology emerges from mouse studies and it is currently unknown whether human cDC1s also activate the enzyme to preserve cellular homeostasis. In this work, we report that human cDC1s constitutively activate IRE1 RNase in steady state, which is evidenced by marked expression of IRE1, XBP1s, and target genes, and low levels of mRNA substrates of the IRE1 RNase domain. On a functional level, pharmacological inhibition of the IRE1 RNase domain curtailed IL‐12 and TNF production by cDC1s upon stimulation with TLR agonists. Altogether, this work demonstrates that activation of the IRE1/XBP1s axis is a conserved feature of cDC1s across species and suggests that the UPR sensor may also play a relevant role in the biology of the human lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina García-González
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Fernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diane Gutiérrez
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Clinical Hospital of University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Parra-Cordero
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Clinical Hospital of University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Quwaider D, Corchete LA, Martín-Izquierdo M, Hernández-Sánchez JM, Rojas EA, Cardona-Benavides IJ, García-Sanz R, Herrero AB, Gutiérrez NC. RNA sequencing identifies novel regulated IRE1-dependent decay targets that affect multiple myeloma survival and proliferation. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:18. [PMID: 35361260 PMCID: PMC8969279 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IRE1 is an unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor with kinase and endonuclease activity. It plays a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response through unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA and regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). Multiple myeloma (MM) cells are known to exhibit an elevated level of baseline ER stress due to immunoglobulin production, however RIDD activity has not been well studied in this disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of RNA-sequencing in the identification of novel RIDD targets in MM cells and to analyze the role of these targets in MM cells. Methods In vitro IRE1-cleavage assay was combined with RNA sequencing. The expression level of RIDD targets in MM cell lines was measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed hundreds of putative IRE1 substrates in the in vitro assay, 32 of which were chosen for further validation. Looking into the secondary structure of IRE1 substrates, we found that the consensus sequences of IRF4, PRDM1, IKZF1, KLF13, NOTCH1, ATR, DICER, RICTOR, CDK12, FAM168B, and CENPF mRNAs were accompanied by a stem-loop structure essential for IRE1-mediated cleavage. In fact, we show that mRNA and protein levels corresponding to these targets were attenuated in an IRE1-dependent manner by treatment with ER-stress-inducing agents. In addition, a synergistic effect between IMiDs and ER-stress inducers was found. Conclusion This study, using RNA sequencing, shows that IRE1 RNase has a broad range of mRNA substrates in myeloma cells and demonstrates for the first time that IRE1 is a key regulator of several proteins of importance in MM survival and proliferation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40164-022-00271-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Quwaider
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis A Corchete
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Izquierdo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elizabeta A Rojas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio J Cardona-Benavides
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in Network of Cancer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana B Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma C Gutiérrez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. .,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Research in Network of Cancer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain.
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Wang GS, Chen JY, Chen WC, Wei IC, Lin SW, Liao KW, Yang TS, Liu JF. Surfactin induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis via IRE1-ASK1-JNK signaling in human osteosarcoma. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:574-584. [PMID: 34850538 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, one of primary bone tumor in children and young adults, has poor prognosis and drug resistances to chemotherapy. In order to reinforce the conventional therapies and antagonize the osteosarcoma in patients, a novel strategy is required for developing a new treatment. In this study, surfactin, a natural product from Bacillus subtilis, showed the efficiency of cell death in osteosarcoma, but not in normal cells. Surfactin triggers ER stress mechanism by promoting the aberrant Ca2+ release from ER lumen and ER-signaling to mitochondrial dysfunction following caspases activation mediating cell apoptosis. Surfactin-induced ER stress not only upregulated of glucose-regulated protein 78/94 and IRE1-ASK1-JNK pathway but also leading to calpains and Bcl-2 proteins family involving the release of cytochrome c. The releases into cytosol trigger the cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3 to induce cell apoptosis. In this study, surfactin demonstrated the potential functions to trigger the ER stress, ER stress-associated IRE1-ASK1-JNK signaling pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase activations leading to programmed cell apoptosis. Importantly, implicating the signaling pathway that regulates the connection between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction causing apoptosis associated with surfactin. These results indicated a potential application of surfactin strengthen current conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shou Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Ying Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Sports Medicine and Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chin Wei
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wei Lin
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Sen Yang
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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42
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Angelos E, Brandizzi F. The UPR regulator IRE1 promotes balanced organ development by restricting TOR-dependent control of cellular differentiation in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2022; 109:1229-1248. [PMID: 34902186 PMCID: PMC8978258 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is controlled by sophisticated signaling pathways that are collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR) and are initiated by specialized ER membrane-associated sensors. The evidence that complete loss-of-function mutations of the most conserved of the UPR sensors, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), dysregulates tissue growth and development in metazoans and plants raises the fundamental question as to how IRE1 is connected to organismal growth. To address this question, we interrogated the Arabidopsis primary root, an established model for organ development, using the tractable Arabidopsis IRE1 mutant ire1a ire1b, which has marked root development defects in the absence of exogenous stress. We demonstrate that IRE1 is required to reach maximum rates of cell elongation and root growth. We also established that in the actively growing ire1a ire1b mutant root tips the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a widely conserved pro-growth regulator, is hyperactive, and that, unlike cell proliferation, the rate of cell differentiation is enhanced in ire1a ire1b in a TOR-dependent manner. By functionally connecting two essential growth regulators, these results underpin a novel and critical role of IRE1 in organ development and indicate that, as cells exit an undifferentiated state, IRE1 is required to monitor TOR activity to balance cell expansion and maturation during organ biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Angelos
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- For correspondence ()
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43
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Manghwar H, Li J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:828. [PMID: 35055014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are sensitive to a variety of stresses that cause various diseases throughout their life cycle. However, they have the ability to cope with these stresses using different defense mechanisms. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important subcellular organelle, primarily recognized as a checkpoint for protein folding. It plays an essential role in ensuring the proper folding and maturation of newly secreted and transmembrane proteins. Different processes are activated when around one-third of newly synthesized proteins enter the ER in the eukaryote cells, such as glycosylation, folding, and/or the assembling of these proteins into protein complexes. However, protein folding in the ER is an error-prone process whereby various stresses easily interfere, leading to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins and causing ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a process that involves sensing ER stress. Many strategies have been developed to reduce ER stress, such as UPR, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagy. Here, we discuss the ER, ER stress, UPR signaling and various strategies for reducing ER stress in plants. In addition, the UPR signaling in plant development and different stresses have been discussed.
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44
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De-Souza EA, Cummins N, Taylor RC. IRE-1 endoribonuclease activity declines early in C. elegans adulthood and is not rescued by reduced reproduction. Front Aging 2022; 3:1044556. [PMID: 36389122 PMCID: PMC9649906 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1044556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The proteome of a cell helps to define its functional specialization. Most proteins must be translated and properly folded to ensure their biological function, but with aging, animals lose their ability to maintain a correctly folded proteome. This leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates, decreased stress resistance, and the onset of age-related disorders. The unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) is a central protein quality control mechanism, the function of which is known to decline with age. Here, we show that age-related UPRER decline in Caenorhabditis elegans occurs at the onset of the reproductive period and is caused by a failure in IRE-1 endoribonuclease activities, affecting both the splicing of xbp-1 mRNA and regulated Ire1 dependent decay (RIDD) activity. Animals with a defect in germline development, previously shown to rescue the transcriptional activity of other stress responses during aging, do not show restored UPRER activation with age. This underlines the mechanistic difference between age-associated loss of UPRER activation and that of other stress responses in this system, and uncouples reproductive status from the activity of somatic maintenance pathways. These observations may aid in the development of strategies that aim to overcome the proteostasis decline observed with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro A De-Souza
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Cummins
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Taylor
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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45
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Katow H, Vasudevan D, Ryoo HD. Drosophila Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) Assays In Vitro and In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2378:261-277. [PMID: 34985706 PMCID: PMC9764256 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1732-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wildtype or mutant proteins expressed beyond the capacity of a cell's protein folding system could be detrimental to general cellular function and survival. In response to misfolded protein overload in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), eukaryotic cells activate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) that helps cells restore protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As part of the UPR, cells attenuate general mRNA translation and activate transcription factors that induce stress-responsive gene expression.UPR signaling draws research interest in part because conditions that cause chronic protein misfolding in the ER or those that impair UPR signaling underlie several diseases including neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancers. Model organisms are frequently employed in the field as the UPR pathways are generally well-conserved throughout phyla. Here, we introduce experimental procedures to detect UPR in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Katow
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepika Vasudevan
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyung Don Ryoo
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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46
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Pelizzari Raymundo D, Eriksson LA, Chevet E, Guillory X. Structure-Based Drug Discovery of IRE1 Modulators. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2378:293-315. [PMID: 34985708 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1732-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha, referred to IRE1 hereafter) is an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) resident transmembrane enzyme with cytosolic kinase/RNAse activities. Upon ER stress IRE1 is activated through trans-autophosphorylation and oligomerization, resulting in a conformational change of the RNase domain, thereby promoting two signaling pathways: i) the non-conventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA and ii) the regulated IRE1-dependent decay of RNA (RIDD). IRE1 RNase activity has been linked to diverse pathologies such as cancer or inflammatory, metabolic, and degenerative diseases and the modulation of IRE1 activity is emerging as an appealing therapeutic strategy against these diseases. Several modulators of IRE1 activity have been reported in the past, but none have successfully translated into the clinics as yet. Based on our expertise in the field, we describe in this chapter the approaches and protocols we used to discover novel IRE1 modulators and characterize their effect on IRE1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pelizzari Raymundo
- INSERM U1242, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Guillory
- INSERM U1242, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, Rennes, France.
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47
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Abstract
HAC1 mRNA remains translationally repressed in the cytoplasm of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under conditions of cellular stress, a dual kinase RNase IRE1 (Inositol Requiring Enzyme-1) cleaves out an intervening sequence from the HAC1 mRNA. Cleaved mRNAs are then ligated by tRNA ligase, thus generating a spliced mRNA that translates an active transcription factor. This unconventional splicing of HAC1 mRNA in the cytoplasm is a molecular marker for various cellular stresses including oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This article describes a PCR-based protocol to detect the HAC1 mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Kumar Uppala
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Madhusudan Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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48
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Mo ZT, Zheng J, Liao YL. Icariin inhibits the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α induced by OGD/R through the IRE1/XBP1s pathway in microglia. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:1473-1479. [PMID: 34711127 PMCID: PMC8555556 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1991959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Icariin (ICA), a flavonol glycoside extracted from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (Berberidaceae), has been proven to inhibit inflammatory response in ischaemic rats in our laboratory's previous work. However, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of ICA on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated inflammation induced by cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary cultured microglia were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by a 24 h reoxygenation. ICA (0.37, 0.74 and 1.48 μmol/L) administration was performed 1 h prior OGD and acting through 2 h OGD. The control group was cultured in normal conditions. At 24 h after reoxygenation, the expression of IRE1α, XBP1u, XBP1s, NLRP3 and caspase-1 was detected by western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR; the expression of p-IRE1α was examined by WB; the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was measured by WB and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS ICA (0.37, 0.74 and 1.48 μmol/L) reduced the ratio of p-IRE1α/IRE1α, the mRNA level of IRE1α, the expression of XBP1u, XBP1s, NLRP3, caspase-1 at both the mRNA and protein level expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in OGD/R injured microglia. Overexpression of IRE1 significantly reversed the effects of ICA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that ICA might decrease the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α by inhibiting IRE1/XBP1s pathway. The anti-inflammatory effect of ICA may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of brain injury after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tao Mo
- Department of Pharmacology of Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology of Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yu-ling Liao
- Department of Pharmacology of Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
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49
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Radanović T, Ernst R. The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:2965. [PMID: 34831188 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site of membrane biogenesis in most eukaryotic cells. As the entry point to the secretory pathway, it handles more than 10,000 different secretory and membrane proteins. The insertion of proteins into the membrane, their folding, and ER exit are affected by the lipid composition of the ER membrane and its collective membrane stiffness. The ER is also a hotspot of lipid biosynthesis including sterols, glycerophospholipids, ceramides and neural storage lipids. The unfolded protein response (UPR) bears an evolutionary conserved, dual sensitivity to both protein-folding imbalances in the ER lumen and aberrant compositions of the ER membrane, referred to as lipid bilayer stress (LBS). Through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms, the UPR upregulates the protein folding capacity of the ER and balances the production of proteins and lipids to maintain a functional secretory pathway. In this review, we discuss how UPR transducers sense unfolded proteins and LBS with a particular focus on their role as guardians of the secretory pathway.
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50
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Rios T, Bomfim L, Ramos I. The transition from vitellogenesis to choriogenesis triggers the downregulation of the UPR sensors IRE1 and PERK and alterations in the ER architecture in the follicle cells of the vector Rhodnius prolixus. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:63-74. [PMID: 34713332 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In insects, the follicle cells (FCs) give rise to a single-layered tissue of binucleated professional secretory cells that surround the oocytes during oogenesis. In the latest stage of oocyte development, the FCs rapidly synthesize and secrete the chorion (eggshell) immediately before degenerating through apoptosis. Here, we used RT-qPCR, electron microscopy, and RNAi silencing to explore the role of the main unfolded protein response (UPR) receptors IRE1 and PERK, as well as the ultrastructure dynamics of the FCs during oogenesis of the insect vector of Chagas disease Rhodnius prolixus. We found that IRE1 and PERK mRNAs are highly expressed in the ovaries of vitellogenic females. Interestingly, we observed that IRE1 and PERK, as well as different isoforms of the chaperones Bip and PDI, have their FCs gene expression levels decreased during the vitellogenesis to choriogenesis transition. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that the downregulation of the UPR gene expression is accompanied by dramatic changes in the FCs ultrastructure, with an 80% reduction in the mean area of the ER tubules, and circularization and enlargement of the mitochondria. Additionally, we found that parental RNAi silencing of both IRE1 and PERK resulted in minor changes in the chorion protein composition and ultrastructure, accessed by urea extraction of the chorion proteins and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, but did not impact the overall levels of oviposition and F1 embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara Rios
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bomfim
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia-Entomologia Molecular/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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