201
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Masri S, Sassone-Corsi P. The emerging link between cancer, metabolism, and circadian rhythms. Nat Med 2018; 24:1795-1803. [PMID: 30523327 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that, through the control of diverse metabolic and gene expression pathways, governs a large array of cyclic physiological processes. Epidemiological and clinical data reveal a connection between the disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer that is supported by recent preclinical data. In addition, results from animal models and molecular studies underscore emerging links between cancer metabolism and the circadian clock. This has implications for therapeutic approaches, and we discuss the possible design of chronopharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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202
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Li Y, Hao Y, Fan F, Zhang B. The Role of Microbiome in Insomnia, Circadian Disturbance and Depression. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:669. [PMID: 30568608 PMCID: PMC6290721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Good sleep and mood are important for health and for keeping active. Numerous studies have suggested that the incidence of insomnia and depressive disorder are linked to biological rhythms, immune function, and nutrient metabolism, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. There is considerable evidence showing that the gut microbiome not only affects the digestive, metabolic, and immune functions of the host but also regulates host sleep and mental states through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Preliminary evidence indicates that microorganisms and circadian genes can interact with each other. The characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbiome and metabolism are related to the host's sleep and circadian rhythm. Moreover, emotion and physiological stress can also affect the composition of the gut microorganisms. The gut microbiome and inflammation may be linked to sleep loss, circadian misalignment, affective disorders, and metabolic disease. In this review article, we discuss various functions of the gut microbiome and how its activities interact with the circadian rhythms and emotions of the host. Exploring the effects of the gut microbiome on insomnia and depression will help further our understanding of the pathogenesis of mental disorders. It is therefore important to regulate and maintain a normal gastrointestinal micro-ecological environment in patients when treating mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, and School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanli Hao
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, and School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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203
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Zhong X, Yu J, Frazier K, Weng X, Li Y, Cham CM, Dolan K, Zhu X, Hubert N, Tao Y, Lin F, Martinez-Guryn K, Huang Y, Wang T, Liu J, He C, Chang EB, Leone V. Circadian Clock Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Modulation of m 6A mRNA Methylation. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1816-1828.e4. [PMID: 30428350 PMCID: PMC6532766 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of circadian rhythms is essential for lipid metabolic homeostasis, disruptions of which can lead to metabolic diseases. Whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation impacts circadian regulation of lipid metabolism is unclear. Here, we show m6A mRNA methylation oscillations in murine liver depend upon a functional circadian clock. Hepatic deletion of Bmal1 increases m6A mRNA methylation, particularly of PPaRα. Inhibition of m6A methylation via knockdown of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 decreases PPaRα m6A abundance and increases PPaRα mRNA lifetime and expression, reducing lipid accumulation in cells in vitro. Mechanistically, YTHDF2 binds to PPaRα to mediate its mRNA stability to regulate lipid metabolism. Induction of reactive oxygen species both in vitro and in vivo increases PPaRα transcript m6A levels, revealing a possible mechanism for circadian disruption on m6A mRNA methylation. These data show that m6A RNA methylation is important for circadian regulation of downstream genes and lipid metabolism, impacting metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Jiayao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaocheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kyle Dolan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hubert
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Tao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fanfei Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Yong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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204
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Iakovakis D, Hadjidimitriou S, Charisis V, Bostantjopoulou S, Katsarou Z, Klingelhoefer L, Reichmann H, Dias SB, Diniz JA, Trivedi D, Chaudhuri KR, Hadjileontiadis LJ. Motor Impairment Estimates via Touchscreen Typing Dynamics Toward Parkinson's Disease Detection From Data Harvested In-the-Wild. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fict.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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205
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Abramson CI, Wells H. An Inconvenient Truth: Some Neglected Issues in Invertebrate Learning. Perspect Behav Sci 2018; 41:395-416. [PMID: 31976402 PMCID: PMC6701716 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-018-00178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The burgeoning field of invertebrate behavior is moving into what was the realm of human psychology concepts. This invites comparative studies not only between invertebrate and vertebrate species but also among the diverse taxa within the invertebrates, diverse even when considering only the insects. In order to make lasting progress two issues must be addressed. The first is inconsistent use of fundamental terms defining learning. The second is a focus on similarities, giving little attention to dissimilarities. In addition, much work is needed on whether behavioral similarities are grounded in the same neuronal architecture when considering disparate phyla. These concerns identify are "inconvenient truths" that weaken comparative behavioral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles I. Abramson
- Laboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology, Oklahoma State University, 116 N. Murray, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Harrington Wells
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74021 USA
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206
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Circadian rhythms, metabolic oscillators, and the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway: the Neurospora connection. Curr Genet 2018; 65:339-349. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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207
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Mwimba M, Karapetyan S, Liu L, Marqués J, McGinnis EM, Buchler NE, Dong X. Daily humidity oscillation regulates the circadian clock to influence plant physiology. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4290. [PMID: 30327472 PMCID: PMC6191426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Early circadian studies in plants by de Mairan and de Candolle alluded to a regulation of circadian clocks by humidity. However, this regulation has not been described in detail, nor has its influence on physiology been demonstrated. Here we report that, under constant light, circadian humidity oscillation can entrain the plant circadian clock to a period of 24 h probably through the induction of clock genes such as CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1. Under simulated natural light and humidity cycles, humidity oscillation increases the amplitude of the circadian clock and further improves plant fitness-related traits. In addition, humidity oscillation enhances effector-triggered immunity at night possibly to counter increased pathogen virulence under high humidity. These results indicate that the humidity oscillation regulates specific circadian outputs besides those co-regulated with the light-dark cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musoki Mwimba
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sargis Karapetyan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lijing Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jorge Marqués
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Erin M McGinnis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nicolas E Buchler
- Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. .,Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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208
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Zsuga J, More CE, Erdei T, Papp C, Harsanyi S, Gesztelyi R. Blind Spot for Sedentarism: Redefining the Diseasome of Physical Inactivity in View of Circadian System and the Irisin/BDNF Axis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:818. [PMID: 30333788 PMCID: PMC6176117 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The term "diseasome of physical inactivity" was coined by Pedersen to explain clustering of chronic diseases linked to physical inactivity. Accordingly, physical inactivity per se contributes to the accumulation of visceral fat, which, generates chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, contributes to emergence of chronic, non-communicable diseases. Diversity of these disorders posits the possible involvement of a supraphysiological system. Methods: Hypothesis driven literature search and deductive reasoning was used to review relevant literature and formulate a novel theory. Results: We have identified the circadian system, omnipresent in virtually every cell, as a possible vehicle for brain muscle crosstalk, explaining some aspects of the diseasome of physical inactivity This system is hierarchically organized, with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) being the master clock that entrains to the dark/light cycle and synchronizes subsidiary molecular clocks in the periphery. Insufficient photic entrainment also causes chronic disease evolution. The recently identified irisin, was shown to induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production in several brain areas. BDNF assumes significant role in gating light's influence in the retinohypothalamic synapse, by having a permissive effect on glutamate signal transduction underlying photic entrainment. Conclusions: Here we provide theoretical evidence to support the hypothesis that irisin may facilitate photic entrainment of the SCN, via BDNF. By this irisin opens up possible pathways for peripheral non-photic entrainment signals to exert influence on the master clock that is otherwise resistant to these. Furthermore, we suggest that intertwining processes of circadian, redox, inflammatory, and myokine systems lay underneath the diseasome of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Zsuga
- Department of Health System Management and Quality Management in Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba E. More
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Erdei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Health System Management and Quality Management in Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Harsanyi
- Department of Health System Management and Quality Management in Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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209
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Ezagouri S, Asher G. Circadian control of mitochondrial dynamics and functions. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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210
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Circadian and circaseptan rhythms in human epilepsy: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:977-985. [PMID: 30219655 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy has long been suspected to be governed by cyclic rhythms, with seizure rates rising and falling periodically over weeks, months, or even years. The very long scales of seizure patterns seem to defy natural explanation and have sometimes been attributed to hormonal cycles or environmental factors. This study aimed to quantify the strength and prevalence of seizure cycles at multiple temporal scales across a large cohort of people with epilepsy. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the two most comprehensive databases of human seizures (SeizureTracker [USA] and NeuroVista [Melbourne, VIC, Australia]) and analytic techniques from circular statistics to analyse patients with epilepsy for the presence and frequency of multitemporal cycles of seizure activity. NeuroVista patients were selected on the basis of having intractable focal epilepsy; data from patients with at least 30 clinical seizures were used. SeizureTracker participants are self selected and data do not adhere to any specific criteria; we used patients with a minimum of 100 seizures. The presence of seizure cycles over multiple time scales was measured using the mean resultant length (R value). The Rayleigh test and Hodges-Ajne test were used to test for circular uniformity. Monte-Carlo simulations were used to confirm the results of the Rayleigh test for seizure phase. FINDINGS We used data from 12 people from the NeuroVista study (data recorded from June 10, 2010, to Aug 22, 2012) and 1118 patients from the SeizureTracker database (data recorded from Jan 1, 2007, to Oct 19, 2015). At least 891 (80%) of 1118 patients in the SeizureTracker cohort and 11 (92%) of 12 patients in the NeuroVista cohort showed circadian (24 h) modulation of their seizure rates. In the NeuroVista cohort, patient 8 had a significant cycle at precisely 1 week. Two others (patients 1 and 7) also had approximately 1-week cycles. Patients 1 and 4 had 2-week cycles. In the SeizureTracker cohort, between 77 (7%) and 233 (21%) of the 1118 patients showed strong circaseptan (weekly) rhythms, with a clear 7-day period. Between 151 (14%) and 247 (22%) patients had significant seizure cycles that were longer than 3 weeks. Seizure cycles were equally prevalent in men and women, and peak seizure rates were evenly distributed across all days of the week. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that seizure cycles are robust, patient specific, and more widespread than previously understood. They align with the accepted consensus that most epilepsies have some diurnal influence. Variations in seizure rate have important clinical implications. Detection and tracking of seizure cycles on a patient-specific basis should be standard in epilepsy management practices. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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211
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A pilot feasibility study exploring the effects of a moderate time-restricted feeding intervention on energy intake, adiposity and metabolic physiology in free-living human subjects. J Nutr Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis pilot study explored the feasibility of a moderate time-restricted feeding (TRF) intervention and its effects on adiposity and metabolism. For 10 weeks, a free-living TRF group delayed breakfast and advanced dinner by 1·5 h each. Changes in dietary intake, adiposity and fasting biochemistry (glucose, insulin, lipids) were compared with controls who maintained habitual feeding patterns. Thirteen participants (29 (sem2) kg/m2) completed the study. The average daily feeding interval was successfully reduced in the TRF group (743 (sem32) to 517 (sem22) min/d;P < 0·001;n7), although questionnaire responses indicated that social eating/drinking opportunities were negatively impacted. TRF participants reduced total daily energy intake (P = 0·019) despitead libitumfood access, with accompanying reductions in adiposity (P = 0·047). There were significant between-group differences in fasting glucose (P = 0·008), albeit driven primarily by an increase among controls. Larger studies can now be designed/powered, based on these novel preliminary qualitative and quantitative data, to ascertain and maximise the long-term sustainability of TRF.
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212
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Chakradeo PS, Keshavarzian A, Singh S, Dera AE, Esteban JPG, Lee AA, Burgess HJ, Fogg L, Swanson GR. Chronotype, social jet lag, sleep debt and food timing in inflammatory bowel disease. Sleep Med 2018; 52:188-195. [PMID: 30243610 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The preference of the sleep/wake cycle can be grouped into categories or chronotypes. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to poor sleep quality which correlates with disease severity. Social jet lag (SJL) is the difference between sleep timing on work and free days and is a marker for circadian misalignment which has been linked to increased inflammation. We investigated whether chronotype, SJL, sleep debt (SD), and food timing were associated with an IBD specific complications and a lower quality of life. Overall, 191 subjects (115 IBD subjects and 76 healthy controls (HC)) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), and a structured Food Timing Questionnaire. Later chronotype (by MEQ) was associated with a worse SIBDQ (r = -0.209; P < 0.05). SJL was increased in IBD at 1.32 h ± 1.03 vs. 1.05 h ± 0.97 in HC, P < 0.05, when adjusted for age. SJL (>2 h) was present in 40% of severe/complicated Crohn's patients (fistulizing or structuring Crohn's or history of Crohn's related surgery) compared to only 16% of uncomplicated Crohn's patients (P < 0.05). Sleep debt was increased in IBD subjects compared to HC at 21.90 m ± 25.37 vs. 11.49 m ± 13.58, P < 0.05. IBD subjects with inconsistent breakfast or dinner times had lower SIBDQ scores (4.78 ± 1.28 vs. 5.49 ± 1.02, P < 0.05; 4.95 ± 0.31 vs. 5.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.05 respectively). In summary, later chronotype, and markers of circadian misalignment (social jet lag, sleep debt, and inconsistent meal timing) were associated with IBD disease specific complications and/or lower quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi S Chakradeo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 206, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 206, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
| | - Shubha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 206, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
| | - Akram E Dera
- Internal Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Towson, MD, United States.
| | | | - Alice A Lee
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
| | - Louis Fogg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 206, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
| | - Garth R Swanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 206, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
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213
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Sun S, Hanzawa F, Umeki M, Ikeda S, Mochizuki S, Oda H. Time-restricted feeding suppresses excess sucrose-induced plasma and liver lipid accumulation in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201261. [PMID: 30110343 PMCID: PMC6093648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of metabolic syndrome involves several complicated factors. One of the main factors contributing to metabolic syndrome has been proposed to be excessive intake of sucrose, which disturbs hepatic lipid metabolism, resulting in fatty liver. However, the mechanism by which sucrose induces fatty liver remains to be elucidated. Considering feeding behavior important for metabolism, we investigated whether time-restricted feeding of high sucrose diet (HSD), only in the active phase (the dark phase of the daily light/dark cycle), would ameliorate adverse effects of sucrose on lipid homeostasis in rats. Male Wistar rats, fed either an ad libitum (ad lib.) or time-restricted control starch diet (CD) or HSD were investigated. Rats fed ad lib. (CD and HSD) completed approximately 20% of food intake in the daytime. Time-restricted feeding did not significantly suppress total food intake of rats. However, time-restricted feeding of HSD significantly suppressed the increased plasma triglyceride levels. Moreover, time-restricted feeding also ameliorated HSD-induced liver lipid accumulation, whereas circadian oscillations of liver clock gene or transcriptional factor gene expression for lipid metabolism were not altered significantly. These results demonstrated that restricting sucrose intake only during the active phase in rats ameliorates the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by excess sucrose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Sun
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Hanzawa
- Department of Nutritional Science, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Miki Umeki
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Saiko Ikeda
- Department of Nutritional Science, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochizuki
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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214
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Rivera-Estrada D, Aguilar-Roblero R, Alva-Sánchez C, Villanueva I. The homeostatic feeding response to fasting is under chronostatic control. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1680-1688. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1507036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rivera-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Aguilar-Roblero
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Alva-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Villanueva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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215
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Maruvada P, Leone V, Kaplan LM, Chang EB. The Human Microbiome and Obesity: Moving beyond Associations. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:589-599. [PMID: 29120742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome responds to diet, antibiotics, and other external stimuli with speed and high precision and in ways that impact a variety of metabolic conditions including obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite a decade of research establishing a strong association between the gut microbiota and obesity in humans, a causal relationship and the underlying mechanism remain outstanding. Several technological and methodological limitations in obesity and microbiome research have made it difficult to establish causality in this complex relationship. Additionally, limited collaborative interaction between microbiome and obesity researchers has delayed progress. Here, we discuss the current status of microbiome research as it relates to understanding obesity from the perspective of both communities, outline the underlying research challenges, and suggest directions to advance the obesity-microbiome field as a whole, with particular emphasis on the development of microbiome-targeted therapies for obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Maruvada
- NIH, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lee M Kaplan
- Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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216
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Frank A, Matiolli CC, Viana AJC, Hearn TJ, Kusakina J, Belbin FE, Wells Newman D, Yochikawa A, Cano-Ramirez DL, Chembath A, Cragg-Barber K, Haydon MJ, Hotta CT, Vincentz M, Webb AAR, Dodd AN. Circadian Entrainment in Arabidopsis by the Sugar-Responsive Transcription Factor bZIP63. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2597-2606.e6. [PMID: 30078562 PMCID: PMC6108399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization of circadian clocks to the day-night cycle ensures the correct timing of biological events. This entrainment process is essential to ensure that the phase of the circadian oscillator is synchronized with daily events within the environment [1], to permit accurate anticipation of environmental changes [2, 3]. Entrainment in plants requires phase changes in the circadian oscillator, through unidentified pathways, which alter circadian oscillator gene expression in response to light, temperature, and sugars [4, 5, 6]. To determine how circadian clocks respond to metabolic rhythms, we investigated the mechanisms by which sugars adjust the circadian phase in Arabidopsis [5]. We focused upon metabolic regulation because interactions occur between circadian oscillators and metabolism in several experimental systems [5, 7, 8, 9], but the molecular mechanisms are unidentified. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER63 (bZIP63) regulates the circadian oscillator gene PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR7 (PRR7) to change the circadian phase in response to sugars. We find that SnRK1, a sugar-sensing kinase that regulates bZIP63 activity and circadian period [10, 11, 12, 13, 14] is required for sucrose-induced changes in circadian phase. Furthermore, TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE1 (TPS1), which synthesizes the signaling sugar trehalose-6-phosphate, is required for circadian phase adjustment in response to sucrose. We demonstrate that daily rhythms of energy availability can entrain the circadian oscillator through the function of bZIP63, TPS1, and the KIN10 subunit of the SnRK1 energy sensor. This identifies a molecular mechanism that adjusts the circadian phase in response to sugars. The transcription factor bZIP63 binds and regulates the circadian clock gene PRR7 bZIP63 is required for adjustment of circadian period by sugars Trehalose-6-phosphate metabolism and KIN10 signaling regulate circadian period Sugar signals establish the correct circadian phase in light and dark cycles
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Frank
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Cleverson C Matiolli
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875, CP 6010, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Américo J C Viana
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875, CP 6010, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy J Hearn
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jelena Kusakina
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fiona E Belbin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - David Wells Newman
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875, CP 6010, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Yochikawa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Anupama Chembath
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK; School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | | | - Michael J Haydon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Carlos T Hotta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Vincentz
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875, CP 6010, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex A R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Antony N Dodd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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217
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Lee J, Homma T, Kobayashi S, Ishii N, Fujii J. Unveiling systemic organ disorders associated with impaired lipid catabolism in fasted SOD1-deficient mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 654:163-171. [PMID: 30056077 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress triggers the formation of lipid droplets in the liver by stimulating lipogenesis and simultaneously suppresses lipoprotein secretion under hypernutritional conditions. Herein we report on the observation of systemic organ failure that is associated with lipid droplet accumulation in fasting, SOD1-knockout (KO) mice. Upon a three-day fasting period, the KO mice were observed to be vulnerable, could not be rescued by refeeding and had largely died, while wild-type mice were totally recovered. Visceral fat was rapidly consumed during fasting, which resulted in energy shortage and increased fatality in the KO mice. Lipid droplets had accumulated and continued to remain in KO mouse organs that routinely catalyze fatty acids via β-oxidation, even though the levels of free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body, in blood plasma were less in KO mice compared to WT mice during the fasting period. The fasting-triggered organ failure in the KO mice was effectively mitigated by feeding a high calorie-diet for 2 weeks prior to fasting, even though the mice had an excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. These collective data suggest that the lipid-catabolizing system is the sensitive target of oxidative stress triggered by fasting conditions in the KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan.
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218
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Kogevinas M, Espinosa A, Castelló A, Gómez-Acebo I, Guevara M, Martin V, Amiano P, Alguacil J, Peiro R, Moreno V, Costas L, Fernández-Tardón G, Jimenez JJ, Marcos-Gragera R, Perez-Gomez B, Llorca J, Moreno-Iribas C, Fernández-Villa T, Oribe M, Aragones N, Papantoniou K, Pollán M, Castano-Vinyals G, Romaguera D. Effect of mistimed eating patterns on breast and prostate cancer risk (MCC-Spain Study). Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2380-2389. [PMID: 30016830 PMCID: PMC6220994 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Modern life involves mistimed sleeping and eating patterns that in experimental studies are associated with adverse health effects. We assessed whether timing of meals is associated with breast and prostate cancer risk taking into account lifestyle and chronotype, a characteristic correlating with preference for morning or evening activity. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study in Spain, 2008–2013. In this analysis we included 621 cases of prostate and 1,205 of breast cancer and 872 male and 1,321 female population controls who had never worked night shift. Subjects were interviewed on timing of meals, sleep and chronotype and completed a Food Frequency Questionaire. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research recommendations for cancer prevention was examined. Compared with subjects sleeping immediately after supper, those sleeping two or more hours after supper had a 20% reduction in cancer risk for breast and prostate cancer combined (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.80, 95%CI 0.67–0.96) and in each cancer individually (prostate cancer OR = 0.74, 0.55–0.99; breast cancer OR = 0.84, 0.67–1.06). A similar protection was observed in subjects having supper before 9 pm compared with supper after 10 pm. The effect of longer supper‐sleep interval was more pronounced among subjects adhering to cancer prevention recommendations (OR both cancers= 0.65, 0.44–0.97) and in morning types (OR both cancers = 0.66, 0.49–0.90). Adherence to diurnal eating patterns and specifically a long interval between last meal and sleep are associated with a lower cancer risk, stressing the importance of evaluating timing in studies on diet and cancer. What's new? Evidence shows that long‐term disruption of endogenous circadian rhythms may be associated with cancer. The effects of mistimed sleeping and eating patterns that come with modern life are however less clear. This large Spanish population‐based study examined whether meal timing and sleep patterns are associated with the two most common nightshift‐related cancers. Adherence to a more diurnal eating pattern, and specifically an early supper and a long interval between last meal and sleep were associated with a lower breast and prostate cancer risk, stressing the importance of evaluating circadian rhythms in diet and cancer studies and revisiting recommendations for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Castelló
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Institute of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martin
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud, y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosana Peiro
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana FISABIO - Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics in Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Jimenez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdiBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Perez-Gomez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Madalen Oribe
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragones
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Division, Department of Health, Epidemiology Section, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Pollán
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Castano-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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219
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Ceglia N, Liu Y, Chen S, Agostinelli F, Eckel-Mahan K, Sassone-Corsi P, Baldi P. CircadiOmics: circadian omic web portal. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:W157-W162. [PMID: 29912458 PMCID: PMC6030824 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a fundamental role at all levels of biological organization. Understanding the mechanisms and implications of circadian oscillations continues to be the focus of intense research. However, there has been no comprehensive and integrated way for accessing and mining all circadian omic datasets. The latest release of CircadiOmics (http://circadiomics.ics.uci.edu) fills this gap for providing the most comprehensive web server for studying circadian data. The newly updated version contains high-throughput 227 omic datasets corresponding to over 74 million measurements sampled over 24 h cycles. Users can visualize and compare oscillatory trajectories across species, tissues and conditions. Periodicity statistics (e.g. period, amplitude, phase, P-value, q-value etc.) obtained from BIO_CYCLE and other methods are provided for all samples in the repository and can easily be downloaded in the form of publication-ready figures and tables. New features and substantial improvements in performance and data volume make CircadiOmics a powerful web portal for integrated analysis of circadian omic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Forest Agostinelli
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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220
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Postischemic application of estrogen ameliorates myocardial damage in an in vivo mouse model. J Surg Res 2018; 231:366-372. [PMID: 30278955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioprotection provided by estrogen has been recognized for many years. It is noteworthy that most of these studies employ a means of preinjury application in experimental research and the preventive usage in clinical studies. Compared to pretreatment, postischemic administration of estrogen will be more practical in treating myocardial ischemia. On the other hand, defect in circadian clock gene period2 (Per2) has been shown to aggravate ischemia-induced heart damage. Given that Per2 expression decreases as a consequence of menopause, in this study, we aim to determine (1) potential improvement of myocardial function by postischemic administration of 17β-estradiol (E2) using an in vivo mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and (2) the role of E2 in regulating myocardial Per2 expression following I/R. METHODS Thirty-minute occlusion of left anterior descending artery followed by 24-h reperfusion was performed on adult C57BL ovariectomized female mice. Groups (n = 3-6/group) were as follows: (1) Sham, (2) I/R + vehicle, and (3) I/R + E2. Vehicle or 0.5 mg/kg of E2 was subcutaneously injected right after 30-min ischemia. Following 24-h reperfusion, myocardial function was determined. Heart tissue was collected for analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and Per2 expression by Western blotting, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS I/R significantly impaired left ventricular function and increased myocardial levels of active caspase-3, IL-1β, and IL-6. Importantly, postischemic treatment of E2 markedly restored I/R-depressed myocardial function, reduced caspase-3 activation, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Intriguingly, a trend of the decreased Per2 level was observed in ovariectomized female hearts subjected to I/R, whereas E2 treatment upregulated myocardial Per2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the initial evidence that postischemic administration of E2 effectively preserves the myocardium against I/R injury and this protective effect of E2 may involve upregulation of Per2 in ischemic heart.
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221
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Aguilar-Roblero
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
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222
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Ratnayake L, Adhvaryu KK, Kafes E, Motavaze K, Lakin-Thomas P. A component of the TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) nutrient-sensing pathway plays a role in circadian rhythmicity in Neurospora crassa. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007457. [PMID: 29924817 PMCID: PMC6028147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway is a highly-conserved signaling pathway in eukaryotes that regulates cellular growth and stress responses. The cellular response to amino acids or carbon sources such as glucose requires anchoring of the TOR kinase complex to the lysosomal/vacuolar membrane by the Ragulator (mammals) or EGO (yeast) protein complex. Here we report a connection between the TOR pathway and circadian (daily) rhythmicity. The molecular mechanism of circadian rhythmicity in all eukaryotes has long been thought to be transcription/translation feedback loops (TTFLs). In the model eukaryote Neurospora crassa, a TTFL including FRQ (frequency) and WCC (white collar complex) has been intensively studied. However, it is also well-known that rhythmicity can be seen in the absence of TTFL functioning. We previously isolated uv90 as a mutation that compromises FRQ-less rhythms and also damps the circadian oscillator when FRQ is present. We have now mapped the uv90 gene and identified it as NCU05950, homologous to the TOR pathway proteins EGO1 (yeast) and LAMTOR1 (mammals), and we have named the N. crassa protein VTA (vacuolar TOR-associated protein). The protein is anchored to the outer vacuolar membrane and deletion of putative acylation sites destroys this localization as well as the protein’s function in rhythmicity. A deletion of VTA is compromised in its growth responses to amino acids and glucose. We conclude that a key protein in the complex that anchors TOR to the vacuole plays a role in maintaining circadian (daily) rhythmicity. Our results establish a connection between the TOR pathway and circadian rhythms and point towards a network integrating metabolism and the circadian system. Circadian clocks drive 24-hour rhythms in living things at all levels of organization, from single cells to whole organisms. In spite of the importance of daily clocks for organizing the activities and internal functions of organisms, there are still many unsolved problems concerning the molecular mechanisms. In eukaryotes, a set of “clock proteins” turns on and off specific genes in a 24-hour feedback loop. This “clock gene feedback loop” has been the dominant idea about how clocks work for many years. However, some rhythms can still be seen when these feedback loops are not functioning. Using the fungus Neurospora crassa as a model organism, we have discovered a gene that is important for maintaining rhythms that continue without the known feedback loop. We have found that this gene codes for a protein that was already known to be important in helping cells to adjust their growth rate to adapt to varying availability of nutrients. Because the same gene is found in all eukaryotes, including mammals, this finding may point towards a universal clock mechanism that integrates nutritional needs with daily rhythms.
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223
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Pehar M, Harlan BA, Killoy KM, Vargas MR. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolism and Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1652-1668. [PMID: 28548540 PMCID: PMC5962335 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) participates in redox reactions and NAD+-dependent signaling processes, which involve the cleavage of NAD+ coupled to posttranslational modifications of proteins or the production of second messengers. Either as a primary cause or as a secondary component of the pathogenic process, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are prominent features of several neurodegenerative diseases. Activation of NAD+-dependent signaling pathways has a major effect in the capacity of the cell to modulate mitochondrial function and counteract the deleterious effects of increased oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Progress in the understanding of the biological functions and compartmentalization of NAD+-synthesizing and NAD+-consuming enzymes have led to the emergence of NAD+ metabolism as a major therapeutic target for age-related diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES Three distinct families of enzymes consume NAD+ as substrate: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), ADP-ribosyl cyclases (CD38/CD157) and sirtuins. Two main strategies to increase NAD+ availability have arisen. These strategies are based on the utilization of NAD+ intermediates/precursors or the inhibition of the NAD+-consuming enzymes, PARPs and CD38. An increase in endogenous sirtuin activity seems to mediate the protective effect that enhancing NAD+ availability confers in several models of neurodegeneration and age-related diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A growing body of evidence suggests the beneficial role of enhancing NAD+ availability in models of neurodegeneration. The challenge ahead is to establish the value and safety of the long-term use of these strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1652-1668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pehar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Benjamin A Harlan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kelby M Killoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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224
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Wu G, Tang W, He Y, Hu J, Gong S, He Z, Wei G, Lv L, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Chen P. Light exposure influences the diurnal oscillation of gut microbiota in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:16-23. [PMID: 29730287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota exhibit diurnal compositional and functional oscillations that influence the host homeostasis. However, the upstream factors that affect the microbial oscillations remain elusive. Here, we focused on the potential impact of light exposure, the main factor that affects the host circadian oscillation, on the diurnal oscillations of intestinal microflora to explore the upstream factor that governs the fluctuations of the gut microbes. The gut microbiota of the mice that were underwent regular light/dark (LD) cycles exhibited a robust rhythm at both compositional and functional level, in all parts of the intestine. Comparably, constant darkness (Dark-Dark, DD) led to the loss of the rhythmic oscillations in almost all parts of the intestine. Additionally, the abundance of Clostridia in DD conditions was dramatically enhanced in the small intestine. Our data indicated light exposure is the upstream factor that governs the regular diurnal fluctuations of gut microbiota in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jingjuan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenhai Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanke He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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225
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Carlson BM, Gross JB. Characterization and comparison of activity profiles exhibited by the cave and surface morphotypes of the blind Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:114-129. [PMID: 28823830 PMCID: PMC5817046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Departure from normal circadian rhythmicity and exposure to atypical lighting cues has been shown to adversely affect human health and wellness in a variety of ways. In contrast, adaptation to extreme environments has led many species to alter or even entirely abandon their reliance upon cyclic environmental inputs, principally daily cycles of light and darkness. The extreme darkness, stability and isolation of cave ecosystems has made cave-adapted species particularly attractive systems in which to study the consequences of life without light and the strategies that allow species to survive and even thrive in such environments. In order to further explore these questions, we have assessed the rhythmicity of locomotion in the blind Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, under controlled laboratory conditions. Using high-resolution video tracking assays, we characterized patterns in locomotor activity and spatial tank usage for members of the surface and Pachón cave populations. Here we demonstrate that cavefish have a higher overall level of activity and use the space within the trial tank differently than surface fish. Further, Pachón cavefish show circadian rhythmicity in both activity and spatial tank usage under a 12:12 light/dark cycle. We provide further evidence that these cavefish retain a weakly light-entrainable, endogenous circadian oscillator with limited capability to sustain rhythms in activity, but not spatial tank usage, in the absence of photic cues. Finally, we demonstrate a putative behavioral "masking effect" contributing to behavioral rhythms and provide evidence that exposure to constant darkness during development may alter behavioral patterns later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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van der Veen DR, Riede SJ, Heideman PD, Hau M, van der Vinne V, Hut RA. Flexible clock systems: adjusting the temporal programme. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0254. [PMID: 28993498 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under natural conditions, many aspects of the abiotic and biotic environment vary with time of day, season or even era, while these conditions are typically kept constant in laboratory settings. The timing information contained within the environment serves as critical timing cues for the internal biological timing system, but how this system drives daily rhythms in behaviour and physiology may also depend on the internal state of the animal. The disparity between timing of these cues in natural and laboratory conditions can result in substantial differences in the scheduling of behaviour and physiology under these conditions. In nature, temporal coordination of biological processes is critical to maximize fitness because they optimize the balance between reproduction, foraging and predation risk. Here we focus on the role of peripheral circadian clocks, and the rhythms that they drive, in enabling adaptive phenotypes. We discuss how reproduction, endocrine activity and metabolism interact with peripheral clocks, and outline the complex phenotypes arising from changes in this system. We conclude that peripheral timing is critical to adaptive plasticity of circadian organization in the field, and that we must abandon standard laboratory conditions to understand the mechanisms that underlie this plasticity which maximizes fitness under natural conditions.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan R van der Veen
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sjaak J Riede
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Heideman
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Michaela Hau
- Max-Planck-Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany and University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vincent van der Vinne
- Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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227
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Time-Restricted Feeding Prevents Ablation of Diurnal Rhythms in Gastric Vagal Afferent Mechanosensitivity Observed in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5088-5095. [PMID: 29760179 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0052-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) are involved in the regulation of food intake. GVAs exhibit diurnal rhythmicity in their response to food-related stimuli, allowing time of day-specific satiety signaling. This diurnal rhythmicity is ablated in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has a strong influence on peripheral clocks. This study aimed to determine whether diurnal patterns in GVA mechanosensitivity are entrained by TRF. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (N = 256) were fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of diet acclimatization, the mice were fed either ad libitum or only during the light phase [Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0-12] or dark phase (ZT12-24) for 8 weeks. A subgroup of mice from all conditions (n = 8/condition) were placed in metabolic cages. After 12 weeks, ex vivo GVA recordings were taken at 3 h intervals starting at ZT0. HFD mice gained more weight than SLD mice. TRF did not affect weight gain in the SLD mice, but decreased weight gain in the HFD mice regardless of the TRF period. In SLD mice, diurnal rhythms in food intake were inversely associated with diurnal rhythmicity of GVA mechanosensitivity. These diurnal rhythms were entrained by the timing of food intake. In HFD mice, diurnal rhythms in food intake and diurnal rhythmicity of GVA mechanosensitivity were dampened. Loss of diurnal rhythmicity in HFD mice was abrogated by TRF. In conclusion, diurnal rhythmicity in GVA responses to food-related stimuli can be entrained by food intake. TRF prevents the loss of diurnal rhythmicity that occurs in HFD-induced obesity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Diurnal control of food intake is vital for maintaining metabolic health. Diet-induced obesity is associated with strong diurnal changes in food intake. Vagal afferents are involved in regulation of feeding behavior, particularly meal size, and exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mechanosensitivity. These diurnal fluctuations in vagal afferent mechanosensitivity are lost in diet-induced obesity. This study provides evidence that time-restricted feeding entrains diurnal rhythmicity in vagal afferent mechanosensitivity in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and, more importantly, prevents the loss of rhythmicity in HFD-induced obesity. These data have important implications for the development of strategies to treat obesity.
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Ruddick-Collins LC, Johnston JD, Morgan PJ, Johnstone AM. The Big Breakfast Study: Chrono-nutrition influence on energy expenditure and bodyweight. NUTR BULL 2018; 43:174-183. [PMID: 29861661 PMCID: PMC5969247 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of the biological clock as a modulator of energy balance and metabolism. Recent studies in humans have shown that ingested calories are apparently utilised more efficiently in the morning than in the evening and this is manifest through improved weight loss, even under iso-energetic calorie intake. The mechanisms behind this enhanced morning energy metabolism are not yet clear, although it may result from behavioural adaptations or circadian driven variations in physiology and energy metabolism. A major objective of the newly funded Big Breakfast Study therefore is to investigate the mechanistic basis of this amplified morning thermogenesis leading to enhanced weight loss, by exploring behavioural and physiological adaptations in energy expenditure alongside the underlying circadian biology. This report briefly discusses the current research linking meal timing, circadian rhythms and metabolism; highlights the research gaps; and provides an overview of the studies being undertaken as part of the Medical Research Council-funded Big Breakfast Study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J D Johnston
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - P J Morgan
- The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - A M Johnstone
- The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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De Somma E, Jain RW, Poon KW, Tresidder KA, Segal JP, Ghasemlou N. Chronobiological regulation of psychosocial and physiological outcomes in multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 88:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kinoshita C, Aoyama K, Nakaki T. Neuroprotection afforded by circadian regulation of intracellular glutathione levels: A key role for miRNAs. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:17-33. [PMID: 29198727 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-h oscillations of physiological and behavioral processes that allow us to adapt to daily environmental cycles. Like many other biological functions, cellular redox status and antioxidative defense systems display circadian rhythmicity. In the central nervous system (CNS), glutathione (GSH) is a critical antioxidant because the CNS is extremely vulnerable to oxidative stress; oxidative stress, in turn, causes several fatal diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. It has long been known that GSH level shows circadian rhythm, although the mechanism underlying GSH rhythm production has not been well-studied. Several lines of recent evidence indicate that the expression of antioxidant genes involved in GSH homeostasis as well as circadian clock genes are regulated by post-transcriptional regulator microRNA (miRNA), indicating that miRNA plays a key role in generating GSH rhythm. Interestingly, several reports have shown that alterations of miRNA expression as well as circadian rhythm have been known to link with various diseases related to oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence implicates a strong correlation between antioxidative defense, circadian rhythm and miRNA function, therefore, their dysfunctions could cause numerous diseases. It is hoped that continued elucidation of the antioxidative defense systems controlled by novel miRNA regulation under circadian control will advance the development of therapeutics for the diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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Wang H, van Spyk E, Liu Q, Geyfman M, Salmans ML, Kumar V, Ihler A, Li N, Takahashi JS, Andersen B. Time-Restricted Feeding Shifts the Skin Circadian Clock and Alters UVB-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1061-1072. [PMID: 28768192 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a highly regenerative barrier protecting organisms from environmental insults, including UV radiation, the main cause of skin cancer and skin aging. Here, we show that time-restricted feeding (RF) shifts the phase and alters the amplitude of the skin circadian clock and affects the expression of approximately 10% of the skin transcriptome. Furthermore, a large number of skin-expressed genes are acutely regulated by food intake. Although the circadian clock is required for daily rhythms in DNA synthesis in epidermal progenitor cells, RF-induced shifts in clock phase do not alter the phase of DNA synthesis. However, RF alters both diurnal sensitivity to UVB-induced DNA damage and expression of the key DNA repair gene, Xpa. Together, our findings indicate regulation of skin function by time of feeding and emphasize a link between circadian rhythm, food intake, and skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Elyse van Spyk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mikhail Geyfman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael L Salmans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Alexander Ihler
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Abstract
Microbial infection poses a threat to organismal homeostasis and therefore must be efficiently counteracted by host defense mechanisms. It has been recently demonstrated that the immune system may anticipate an emerging pathogenic exposure through a heightened inflammatory state. Such anticipatory responses to fluctuating environmental conditions are typically orchestrated by the circadian clock, an intrinsic time-keeping system that adapts tissue physiology to diurnal variations in external influences. Here, we review current knowledge about the interplay between the circadian clock and antimicrobial responses. We summarize the molecular strategies employed by the circadian system against specific pathogens, the core-clock proteins as well as cells in which they are expressed that mediate host defense, and the consequences of circadian variations on immune function. Furthermore, we highlight the possible implications of such circadian gating in immune reactions against pathogenic infections for the chronopharmacology of antibacterial and antiviral therapies.
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Pourcet B, Zecchin M, Ferri L, Beauchamp J, Sitaula S, Billon C, Delhaye S, Vanhoutte J, Mayeuf-Louchart A, Thorel Q, Haas J, Eeckhoute J, Dombrowicz D, Duhem C, Boulinguiez A, Lancel S, Sebti Y, Burris T, Staels B, Duez H. Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 Regulates Circadian Activity of NLRP3 Inflammasome to Reduce the Severity of Fulminant Hepatitis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1449-1464.e20. [PMID: 29277561 PMCID: PMC5892845 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The innate immune system responds not only to bacterial signals, but also to non-infectious danger-associated molecular patterns that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex after tissue injury. Immune functions vary over the course of the day, but it is not clear whether these changes affect the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We investigated whether the core clock component nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1, also called Rev-erbα) regulates expression, activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and its signaling pathway. METHODS We collected naïve peritoneal macrophages and plasma, at multiple times of day, from Nr1d1-/- mice and their Nr1d1+/+ littermates (controls) and analyzed expression NLRP3, interleukin 1β (IL1B, in plasma), and IL18 (in plasma). We also collected bone marrow-derived primary macrophages from these mice. Levels of NR1D1 were knocked down with small hairpin RNAs in human primary macrophages. Bone marrow-derived primary macrophages from mice and human primary macrophages were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce expression of NLRP3, IL1B, and IL18; cells were incubated with LPS and adenosine triphosphate to activate the NLRP3 complex. We analyzed caspase 1 activity and cytokine secretion. NR1D1 was activated in primary mouse and human macrophages by incubation with SR9009; some of the cells were also incubated with an NLRP3 inhibitor or inhibitors of caspase 1. Nr1d1-/- mice and control mice were given intraperitoneal injections of LPS to induce peritoneal inflammation; plasma samples were isolated and levels of cytokines were measured. Nr1d1-/- mice, control mice, and control mice given injections of SR9009 were given LPS and D-galactosamine to induce fulminant hepatitis and MCC950 to specifically inhibit NLRP3; plasma was collected to measure cytokines and a marker of liver failure (alanine aminotransferase); liver tissues were collected and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. RESULTS In peritoneal macrophages, expression of NLRP3 and activation of its complex varied with time of day (circadian rhythm)-this regulation required NR1D1. Primary macrophages from Nr1d1-/- mice and human macrophages with knockdown of NR1D1 had altered expression patterns of NLRP3, compared to macrophages that expressed NR1D1, and altered patterns of IL1B and 1L18 production. Mice with disruption of Nr1d1 developed more-severe acute peritoneal inflammation and fulminant hepatitis than control mice. Incubation of macrophage with the NR1D1 activator SR9009 reduced expression of NLRP3 and secretion of cytokines. Mice given SR9009 developed less-severe liver failure and had longer survival times than mice given saline (control). CONCLUSIONS In studies of Nr1d1-/- mice and human macrophages with pharmacologic activation of NR1D1, we found NR1D1 to regulate the timing of NLRP3 expression and production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Activation of NR1D1 reduced the severity of peritoneal inflammation and fulminant hepatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pourcet
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - M Zecchin
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - L Ferri
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Beauchamp
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - S Sitaula
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - C Billon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - S Delhaye
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Vanhoutte
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Mayeuf-Louchart
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Q Thorel
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Haas
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Eeckhoute
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Dombrowicz
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Duhem
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Boulinguiez
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - S Lancel
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Y Sebti
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - T Burris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - B Staels
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - H Duez
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France,Correspondence should be addressed to Hélène Duez, UMR1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France. Tel: +33(0)3 2087 7793,
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Schmitt K, Grimm A, Dallmann R, Oettinghaus B, Restelli LM, Witzig M, Ishihara N, Mihara K, Ripperger JA, Albrecht U, Frank S, Brown SA, Eckert A. Circadian Control of DRP1 Activity Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics. Cell Metab 2018; 27:657-666.e5. [PMID: 29478834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission-fusion dynamics and mitochondrial bioenergetics, including oxidative phosphorylation and generation of ATP, are strongly clock controlled. Here we show that these circadian oscillations depend on circadian modification of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a key mediator of mitochondrial fission. We used a combination of in vitro and in vivo models, including human skin fibroblasts and DRP1-deficient or clock-deficient mice, to show that these dynamics are clock controlled via circadian regulation of DRP1. Genetic or pharmacological abrogation of DRP1 activity abolished circadian network dynamics and mitochondrial respiratory activity and eliminated circadian ATP production. Pharmacological silencing of pathways regulating circadian metabolism and mitochondrial function (e.g., sirtuins, AMPK) also altered DRP1 phosphorylation, and abrogation of DRP1 activity impaired circadian function. Our findings provide new insight into the crosstalk between the mitochondrial network and circadian cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schmitt
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Oettinghaus
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Witzig
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0864, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Mihara
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jürgen A Ripperger
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Walton ZE, Altman BJ, Brooks RC, Dang CV. Circadian Clock's Cancer Connections. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zandra E. Walton
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rebekah C. Brooks
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Genetic Diversity, Molecular Phylogeny, and Selection Evidence of Jinchuan Yak Revealed by Whole-Genome Resequencing. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:945-952. [PMID: 29339406 PMCID: PMC5844314 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.300572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Jinchuan yak, a newly discovered yak breed, not only possesses a large proportion of multi-ribs but also exhibits many good characteristics, such as high meat production, milk yield, and reproductive performance. However, there is limited information about its overall genetic structure, relationship with yaks in other areas, and possible origins and evolutionary processes. In this study, 7,693,689 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by resequencing the genome of Jinchuan yak. Principal component and population genetic structure analyses showed that Jinchuan yak could be distinguished as an independent population among the domestic yak population. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the decay rate of Jinchuan yak was the lowest of the domestic yak breeds, indicating that the degree of domestication and selection intensity of Jinchuan yak were higher than those of other yak breeds. Combined with archaeological data, we speculated that the origin of domestication of Jinchuan yak was ∼6000 yr ago (4000–10,000 yr ago). The quantitative dynamics of population growth history in Jinchuan yak was similar to that of other breeds of domestic and wild yaks, but was closer to that of the wild yak. No significant gene exchange between Jinchuan and other domestic yaks occurred. Compared with other domestic yaks, Jinchuan yak possessed 339 significantly and positively selected genes, several of which relate to physiological rhythm, histones, and the breed’s excellent production characteristics. Our results provide a basis for the discovery of the evolution, molecular origin, and unique traits of Jinchuan yak.
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Fadini GP, Boscari F, Cappellari R, Galasso S, Rigato M, Bonora BM, D'Anna M, Bruttomesso D, Avogaro A. Effects of Hypoglycemia on Circulating Stem and Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1048-1055. [PMID: 29300991 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is the most common acute diabetic complication, and it significantly increases morbidity. In people with diabetes, reduction in the levels of circulating stem and progenitor cells predicts adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether hypoglycemia in diabetes affects circulating stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). DESIGN We performed an experimental hypoglycemia study (Study 1) and a case-control study (Study 2). SETTING Tertiary referral inpatient clinic. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS Type 1 diabetic patients (Study 1, n = 19); diabetic patients hospitalized for severe iatrogenic hypoglycemia, matched inpatient and outpatient controls (Study 2, n = 22/group). INTERVENTIONS Type 1 diabetic patients underwent two in-hospital sessions of glucose monitoring during a breakfast meal with or without induction of hypoglycemia in random order. In Study 2, patients hospitalized for hypoglycemia and matched controls were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Circulating stem cells and EPCs were measured by flow cytometry based on the expression of CD34 and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR). RESULTS In Study 1, the physiologic decline of CD34+KDR+ EPCs from 8 am to 2 pm was abolished by insulin-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients. In Study 2, diabetic patients hospitalized for severe iatrogenic hypoglycemia had significantly lower levels of CD34+ stem cells and CD34+KDR+ EPCs compared with diabetic inpatients or outpatient controls. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic patients, a single mild hypoglycemic episode can compromise the physiologic EPC fluctuation, whereas severe hypoglycemia is associated with a marked reduction in stem cells and EPCs. These data provide a possible link between hypoglycemia and adverse outcomes of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Galasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Rigato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Putker M, Crosby P, Feeney KA, Hoyle NP, Costa ASH, Gaude E, Frezza C, O'Neill JS. Mammalian Circadian Period, But Not Phase and Amplitude, Is Robust Against Redox and Metabolic Perturbations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:507-520. [PMID: 28506121 PMCID: PMC5806070 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Circadian rhythms permeate all levels of biology to temporally regulate cell and whole-body physiology, although the cell-autonomous mechanism that confers ∼24-h periodicity is incompletely understood. Reports describing circadian oscillations of over-oxidized peroxiredoxin abundance have suggested that redox signaling plays an important role in the timekeeping mechanism. Here, we tested the functional contribution that redox state and primary metabolism make to mammalian cellular timekeeping. RESULTS We found a circadian rhythm in flux through primary glucose metabolic pathways, indicating rhythmic NAD(P)H production. Using pharmacological and genetic perturbations, however, we found that timekeeping was insensitive to changes in glycolytic flux, whereas oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) inhibition and other chronic redox stressors primarily affected circadian gene expression amplitude, not periodicity. Finally, acute changes in redox state decreased PER2 protein stability, phase dependently, to alter the subsequent phase of oscillation. INNOVATION Circadian rhythms in primary cellular metabolism and redox state have been proposed to play a role in the cellular timekeeping mechanism. We present experimental data testing that hypothesis. CONCLUSION Circadian flux through primary metabolism is cell autonomous, driving rhythmic NAD(P)+ redox cofactor turnover and maintaining a redox balance that is permissive for circadian gene expression cycles. Redox homeostasis and PPP flux, but not glycolysis, are necessary to maintain clock amplitude, but neither redox nor glucose metabolism determines circadian period. Furthermore, cellular rhythms are sensitive to acute changes in redox balance, at least partly through regulation of PER protein. Redox and metabolic state are, thus, both inputs and outputs, but not state variables, of cellular circadian timekeeping. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 507-520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marrit Putker
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Crosby
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Feeney
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana S H Costa
- 2 MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- 2 MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- 2 MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John S O'Neill
- 1 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
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240
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Udoh US, Valcin JA, Swain TM, Filiano AN, Gamble KL, Young ME, Bailey SM. Genetic deletion of the circadian clock transcription factor BMAL1 and chronic alcohol consumption differentially alter hepatic glycogen in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G431-G447. [PMID: 29191941 PMCID: PMC5899240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00281.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple metabolic pathways exhibit time-of-day-dependent rhythms that are controlled by the molecular circadian clock. We have shown that chronic alcohol is capable of altering the molecular clock and diurnal oscillations in several elements of hepatic glycogen metabolism ( 19 , 44 ). Herein, we sought to determine whether genetic disruption of the hepatocyte clock differentially impacts hepatic glycogen content in chronic alcohol-fed mice. Male hepatocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (HBK) and littermate controls were fed control or alcohol-containing diets for 5 wk to alter hepatic glycogen content. Glycogen displayed a significant diurnal rhythm in livers of control genotype mice fed the control diet. While rhythmic, alcohol significantly altered the diurnal oscillation of glycogen in livers of control genotype mice. The glycogen rhythm was mildly altered in livers of control-fed HBK mice. Importantly, glycogen content was arrhythmic in livers of alcohol-fed HBK mice. Consistent with these changes in hepatic glycogen content, we observed that some glycogen and glucose metabolism genes were differentially altered by chronic alcohol consumption in livers of HBK and littermate control mice. Diurnal rhythms in glycogen synthase (mRNA and protein) were significantly altered by alcohol feeding and clock disruption. Alcohol consumption significantly altered Gck, Glut2, and Ppp1r3g rhythms in livers of control genotype mice, with diurnal rhythms of Pklr, Glut2, Ppp1r3c, and Ppp1r3g further disrupted (dampened or arrhythmic) in livers of HBK mice. Taken together, these findings show that chronic alcohol consumption and hepatocyte clock disruption differentially influence the diurnal rhythm of glycogen and various key glycogen metabolism-related genes in the liver. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that circadian clock disruption exacerbates alcohol-mediated alterations in hepatic glycogen. We observed differential responsiveness in diurnal rhythms of glycogen and glycogen metabolism genes and proteins in livers of hepatocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout and littermate control mice fed alcohol. Our findings provide new insights into potential mechanisms by which alcohol alters glycogen, an important energy source for liver and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak S Udoh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer A Valcin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Telisha M Swain
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashley N Filiano
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Wible RS, Ramanathan C, Sutter CH, Olesen KM, Kensler TW, Liu AC, Sutter TR. NRF2 regulates core and stabilizing circadian clock loops, coupling redox and timekeeping in Mus musculus. eLife 2018; 7:e31656. [PMID: 29481323 PMCID: PMC5826263 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal oscillation of intracellular redox potential is known to couple metabolism with the circadian clock, yet the responsible mechanisms are not well understood. We show here that chemical activation of NRF2 modifies circadian gene expression and rhythmicity, with phenotypes similar to genetic NRF2 activation. Loss of Nrf2 function in mouse fibroblasts, hepatocytes and liver also altered circadian rhythms, suggesting that NRF2 stoichiometry and/or timing of expression are important to timekeeping in some cells. Consistent with this concept, activation of NRF2 at a circadian time corresponding to the peak generation of endogenous oxidative signals resulted in NRF2-dependent reinforcement of circadian amplitude. In hepatocytes, activated NRF2 bound specific enhancer regions of the core clock repressor gene Cry2, increased Cry2 expression and repressed CLOCK/BMAL1-regulated E-box transcription. Together these data indicate that NRF2 and clock comprise an interlocking loop that integrates cellular redox signals into tissue-specific circadian timekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Wible
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | | | - Carrie Hayes Sutter
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Kristin M Olesen
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Andrew C Liu
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
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Durov AM, Gubin DG, Prokopiev NY, Zuevsky VP, Solovieva SV. BIOLOGICAL AGE OF MEN - ROTATION WORKERS OF ARCTIC, RESIDENTS OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF TYUMEN REGION - A COMPARATIVE STUDY. EKOLOGIYA CHELOVEKA (HUMAN ECOLOGY) 2018; 25:26-30. [DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2018-2-26-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Objective. To study circadian rhythms of the cardiovascular and respiratory system variables and to evaluate biological age in people of adult men, involved in Arctic Sojourn vs. residents of the of the Tyumen region South. Methods. Functional indices of the cardiovascular system and external respiration were studied four times a day at 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours in 34 men (mean age 30.1 ± 0.8 years), long time working in the village of Kharasavey (The Arctic group), and 30 men aged 37.0 ± 1.0 years living and working in the South of the Tyumen region (Tyumen Control group). Biological age was estimated in the both groups on the basis of chronobiological approach. Results. Circadian rhythms of the cardiovascular and respiratory system indices in men in the Control group were more robust than that of the Arctic group. This was manifested in higher values of amplitudes and more stable acrophases. Diurnal rhythm amplitudes of the number of variables (systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, vital capacity of lungs) of the Control group were significantly higher than those of the Arctic group. Conclusions. The structure of biological rhythms of physiological parameters (especially amplitude) is a sensitive indicator of the functional state of humans and can be successfully used to assess biological age. The biological age of the Arctic group men more profoundly exceeded chronological age compared to men working in the South region.
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Humphries PS, Bersot R, Kincaid J, Mabery E, McCluskie K, Park T, Renner T, Riegler E, Steinfeld T, Turtle ED, Wei ZL, Willis E. Carbazole-containing amides and ureas: Discovery of cryptochrome modulators as antihyperglycemic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:293-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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244
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Li X, Jing L, Lin F, Huang H, Chen Z, Chen Y, Wang L, Lin X, Guo T, Yang J, Ruan J, Lin K, Li C, You Z, He L, Chen J, Li Z, Zhu P, Chen G. Diurnal rhythm of follicle-stimulating hormone is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese elderly population. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 222:166-170. [PMID: 29408750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have found that impairment of the circadian clock appears to contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level showed a diurnal cycle. A recent study reported that a lower FSH level was associated with NAFLD. However, the effects of the diurnal rhythm of FSH on NAFLD have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the diurnal rhythm of FSH was associated with NAFLD in an elderly population. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study among 71 elderly patients between August 2015 and November 2015 at Fujian Provincial Hospital. Anthropometrics and tests for laboratory were performed for each patient. FSH was determined by radioimmunoassay. The FSH receptor (FSHR) expression was identified in liver and ovary tissue by immunohistochemical staining. NAFLD was diagnosed by sonographic features. RESULTS Of the 71 patients, 33 (42.9%) had NAFLD on their ultrasound. There were no significant differences between subjects with NAFLD and those without NAFLD in terms of age, sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose, postload plasma glucose, liver enzyme, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Both the serum FSH levels of 8AM and 0AM showed no differences between the groups. The proportion of the 'normal' diurnal rhythm of FSH was higher among the patients with NAFLD (78.1% vs. 52.6%, P = .027). After adjusting for all potential confounders, the fully adjusted odds ratios (OR) of diurnal rhythm of FSH for NAFLD was 3.86 (95%CI: 1.01, 14.81, P = .049). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the FSHR protein was detected in human ovarian and hepatic tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the 'normal' diurnal rhythm of FSH was independently associated with NAFLD in an elderly population. This study provides a novel insight into the diurnal rhythm of FSH in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Long Jing
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Tailin Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jingming Ruan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Kaiyang Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Chunjing Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhebing You
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Linlin He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jiankang Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhuzhou Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Mazzoccoli G, Colangelo T, Panza A, Rubino R, Tiberio C, Palumbo O, Carella M, Trombetta D, Gentile A, Tavano F, Valvano MR, Storlazzi CT, Macchia G, De Cata A, Bisceglia G, Capocefalo D, Colantuoni V, Sabatino L, Piepoli A, Mazza T. Analysis of clock gene-miRNA correlation networks reveals candidate drivers in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45444-45461. [PMID: 27323779 PMCID: PMC5216733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered functioning of the biological clock is involved in cancer onset and progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interact with the clock genes modulating the function of genetically encoded molecular clockworks. Collaborative interactions may take place within the coding-noncoding RNA regulatory networks. We aimed to evaluate the cross-talk among miRNAs and clock genes in colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed an integrative analysis of miRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA interactions on high-throughput molecular profiling of matched human CRC tissue and non-tumor mucosa, pinpointing core clock genes and their targeting miRNAs. Data obtained in silico were validated in CRC patients and human colon cancer cell lines. In silico we found severe alterations of clock gene–related coding-noncoding RNA regulatory networks in tumor tissues, which were later corroborated by the analysis of human CRC specimens and experiments performed in vitro. In conclusion, specific miRNAs target and regulate the transcription/translation of clock genes and clock gene-related miRNA-miRNA as well as mRNA-miRNA interactions are altered in colorectal cancer. Exploration of the interplay between specific miRNAs and genes, which are critically involved in the functioning of the biological clock, provides a better understanding of the importance of the miRNA-clock genes axis and its derangement in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Anna Panza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Rosa Rubino
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Cristiana Tiberio
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Service, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Service, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Oncology-Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Annamaria Gentile
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Valvano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | | | - Gemma Macchia
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo De Cata
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giovanni Bisceglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Daniele Capocefalo
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ada Piepoli
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Farré N, Torres M, Gozal D, Farré R. Sleep and Circadian Alterations and the Gut Microbiome: Associations or Causality? CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-018-0100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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247
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Rhoades SD, Nayak K, Zhang SL, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Circadian- and Light-driven Metabolic Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:126-136. [PMID: 29355066 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417753003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions of environmental cues and transcriptional clocks drive rhythmicity in organismal physiology. Light directly affects the circadian clock; however, little is known about its relative role in controlling metabolic variations in vivo. Here we used high time-resolution sampling in Drosophila at every 2 h to measure metabolite outputs using a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Over 14% of detected metabolites oscillated with circadian periodicity under light-dark (LD) cycles. Many metabolites peaked shortly after lights-on, suggesting responsiveness to feeding and/or activity rather than the preactivity anticipation, as observed in previous transcriptomics analyses. Roughly 9% of measured metabolites uniquely oscillated under constant darkness (DD), suggesting that metabolite rhythms are associated with the transcriptional clock machinery. Strikingly, metabolome differences between LD and constant darkness were observed only during the light phase, highlighting the importance of photic input. Clock mutant flies exhibited strong 12-h ultradian rhythms, including 4 carbohydrate species with circadian periods in wild-type flies, but lacked 24-h circadian metabolic oscillations. A meta-analysis of these results with previous circadian metabolomics experiments uncovered the possibility of conserved rhythms in amino acids, keto-acids, and sugars across flies, mice, and humans and provides a basis for exploring the chrono-metabolic connection with powerful genetic tools in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Rhoades
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Katrina Nayak
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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248
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Van den Bossche J, Saraber DL. Metabolic regulation of macrophages in tissues. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:54-59. [PMID: 29395037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that provide host defense and have tissue-specific roles in the maintenance of organ homeostasis and integrity. In most cases macrophages keep us healthy but when their balanced response to damage or homeostatic signals is perturbed, they can drive chronic inflammatory responses and pathology. To fulfil their broad range of functions, macrophages adopt a plethora of activation states. Understanding their regulation and phenotypic heterogeneity is crucial because macrophages are critical in many diseases. Consequently, macrophages have emerged as attractive targets for therapy of diseases in which they determine disease outcome, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and other Western killer diseases. Recent advances in the flourishing field of immunometabolism highlight that the metabolic profile of macrophages directly regulates their activation status and associated functions. In this short review, we summarize how recent research on the metabolic regulation of macrophages has vividly improved our understanding of macrophage activation. Most of our existing knowledge results from in vitro studies with murine bone marrow-derived macrophages which can't fully grasp the complexity of (micro)environmental control of macrophages in tissues. We therefore highlight current weaknesses and missing links in macrophage immunometabolism research and provide future directions to make the step from the well-controlled plastic in vitro cell culture systems to the complex in vivo tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Doina L Saraber
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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249
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Pharmacological activation of REV-ERBs is lethal in cancer and oncogene-induced senescence. Nature 2018; 553:351-355. [PMID: 29320480 PMCID: PMC5924733 DOI: 10.1038/nature25170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock imposes daily rhythms in cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and DNA damage response1, 2. Perturbations of these processes are hallmarks of cancer3 and chronic circadian rhythm disruption predisposes to tumor development1, 4. This raises the hypothesis that pharmacological modulation of the circadian machinery may be an effective therapeutic strategy for combatting cancer. The nuclear hormone receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ (REV-ERBs) are essential components of the circadian clock5, 6. Here we show that SR9009 and SR9011, two different agonists of REV-ERBs are specifically lethal to cancer cells and oncogene-induced senescent (OIS) cells, including melanocytic naevi, while having no effect on viability of normal cells or tissues. Anticancer activity of SR9009 and SR9011 affects a number of oncogenic drivers (such as H-RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and others), and persists in the absence of p53 and under hypoxic conditions. The regulation of autophagy and de novo lipogenesis by SR9009 and SR9011 plays a critical role in evoking an apoptotic response in malignant cells. Importantly, the selective anticancer properties of these REV-ERB agonists impair glioblastoma growth in vivo and improve survival without causing any overt toxicity in mice. These results indicate that pharmacological modulation of circadian regulators is an effective novel antitumor strategy, identifying the existence of a previously unknown class of anticancer agents with a wide therapeutic window. We propose that REV-ERB agonists are novel autophagy and de novo lipogenesis inhibitors with selective activity towards malignant and benign neoplasms.
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250
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Satılmış B, Kayhan B, Güldür T. Effects of reciprocal interactions between various dietary fats and circadian phases on postprandial hyperlipidemia in rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1333199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basri Satılmış
- Hepatology Research Laboratory, Liver Transplantation Institute, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Başak Kayhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Güldür
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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