201
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Miranda RADR, Oliveira MMDP, Sampaio MIG, Gomes JVD, Silveira D, Guerra ENS, Lofrano‐Porto A, Meireles CG, Simeoni LA. Effects of medicinal plants and natural compounds in models of prostate cancer related to sex steroids: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3032-3079. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - João Victor Dutra Gomes
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Adriana Lofrano‐Porto
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasília Brasília Brazil
- Gonadal and Adrenal Diseases Clinics University Hospital of Brasília, University of Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Cinthia Gabriel Meireles
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasília Brasília Brazil
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202
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Xie K, Tan K, Naylor MJ. Transcription Factors as Novel Therapeutic Targets and Drivers of Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:854151. [PMID: 35547880 PMCID: PMC9082354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.854151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy, the most common targeted therapeutic option, is circumvented as prostate cancer progresses from androgen dependent to castrate-resistant disease. Whilst the nuclear receptor transcription factor, androgen receptor, drives the growth of prostate tumor during initial stage of the disease, androgen resistance is associated with poorly differentiated prostate cancer. In the recent years, increased research has highlighted the aberrant transcriptional activities of a small number of transcription factors. Along with androgen receptors, dysregulation of these transcription factors contributes to both the poorly differentiated phenotypes of prostate cancer cells and the initiation and progression of prostate carcinoma. As master regulators of cell fate decisions, these transcription factors may provide opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic targets for the management of prostate cancer. Whilst some transcriptional regulators have previously been notoriously difficult to directly target, technological advances offer potential for the indirect therapeutic targeting of these transcription factors and the capacity to reprogram cancer cell phenotype. This mini review will discuss how recent advances in our understanding of transcriptional regulators and material science pave the way to utilize these regulatory molecules as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhe Xie
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keely Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J Naylor
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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203
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Zhong B, Zhao Z, Jiang X. RP1-59D14.5 triggers autophagy and represses tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:458. [PMID: 35562348 PMCID: PMC9106715 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major malignant tumors among men worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been documented as important modulators in human cancers, including PCa. In our study, we investigated the role and potential mechanism of RP1-59D14.5 in PCa. RP1-59D14.5 expressed at a low level in PCa cells. Gain-of-function assays including colony formation and transwell assays displayed that RP1-59D14.5 overexpression repressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, RP1-59D14.5 up-regulation induced autophagy in PCa cells. Mechanically, luciferase reporter assays and western blot verified that RP1-59D14.5 activated the Hippo pathway in PCa cells. Through RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays, we validated that RP1-59D14.5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2) via targeting miR-147a. Moreover, RP1-59D14.5 recruited HUR to promote casein kinase 1 (CK1) expression. Collectively, RP1-59D14.5 promoted yes-associated protein (YAP) degradation to activate the Hippo pathway in PCa progression via targeting the miR-147a/LATS1/2 axis and recruiting HUR to promote the interaction of CK1 and β-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTrCP). These results implied that RP1-59D14.5 acted as a tumor suppressor in PCa, which might be a target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Urology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu China
| | - Zexue Zhao
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu China
| | - Xi Jiang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Urology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu China
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Over the course of nearly all cancer types, collagen within the tumor microenvironment influences emergence, progression, and metastasis. This review discusses collagen regulation within the tumor microenvironment, pathological involvement of collagen, and predictive values of collagen and related extracellular matrix components in main cancer types. A survey of predictive tests leveraging collagen assays using clinical cohorts is presented. A conclusion is that collagen has high predictive value in monitoring cancer processes and stratifying by outcomes. New approaches should be considered that continue to define molecular facets of collagen related to cancer.
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205
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Galateanu B, Hudita A, Biru EI, Iovu H, Zaharia C, Simsensohn E, Costache M, Petca RC, Jinga V. Applications of Polymers for Organ-on-Chip Technology in Urology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1668. [PMID: 35566836 PMCID: PMC9105302 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-chips (OOCs) are microfluidic devices used for creating physiological organ biomimetic systems. OOC technology brings numerous advantages in the current landscape of preclinical models, capable of recapitulating the multicellular assemblage, tissue-tissue interaction, and replicating numerous human pathologies. Moreover, in cancer research, OOCs emulate the 3D hierarchical complexity of in vivo tumors and mimic the tumor microenvironment, being a practical cost-efficient solution for tumor-growth investigation and anticancer drug screening. OOCs are compact and easy-to-use microphysiological functional units that recapitulate the native function and the mechanical strain that the cells experience in the human bodies, allowing the development of a wide range of applications such as disease modeling or even the development of diagnostic devices. In this context, the current work aims to review the scientific literature in the field of microfluidic devices designed for urology applications in terms of OOC fabrication (principles of manufacture and materials used), development of kidney-on-chip models for drug-toxicity screening and kidney tumors modeling, bladder-on-chip models for urinary tract infections and bladder cancer modeling and prostate-on-chip models for prostate cancer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Iuliana Biru
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (H.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (H.I.); (C.Z.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, 50044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Zaharia
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (H.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Eliza Simsensohn
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.S.); (R.-C.P.); (V.J.)
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.S.); (R.-C.P.); (V.J.)
| | - Viorel Jinga
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.S.); (R.-C.P.); (V.J.)
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206
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Gaglani S, Purohit RS, Tewari AK, Kyprianou N, Lundon DJ. Embryologic and hormonal contributors to prostate cancer in transgender women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:63-72. [PMID: 35528466 PMCID: PMC9077150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgender women, who were assigned male at birth but identify as women, may take several steps to merge their physical and psychological identities, including gender-affirming surgeries and hormone therapy. With the presence of the mature prostate gland there persists a risk for malignant transformation in this population. The recognition by the medical community and society at large that transgender women are at risk of developing prostate cancer has recently been supported by investigative efforts. The slowly emerging clinical evidence suggests that the disease is likely to be more aggressive than in cisgender men, with 6 of 9 published cases discussing metastasis reporting metastatic disease on presentation. Currently the overall prevalence appears low, pointing to evolving awareness, educational status, socioeconomic status, and late presentation. This commentary focuses on exploring the factors contributing to the incidence of prostate cancer and the biochemical and endocrine mechanisms that lead to aggressive prostate tumor development in transgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simita Gaglani
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
| | - Rajveer S Purohit
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Molecular & Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
| | - Dara J Lundon
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, USA
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207
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Lin HY, Ko CJ, Lo TY, Wu SR, Lan SW, Huang CA, Lin YC, Lin HH, Tu HF, Lee CF, Hsiao PW, Huang HP, Chen MJ, Chang KH, Lee MS. Matriptase-2/NR4A3 axis switches TGF-β action toward suppression of prostate cancer cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:2833-2845. [PMID: 35418692 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of pericellular proteolysis is strongly implicated in cancer metastasis through alteration of cell invasion and the microenvironment. Matriptase-2 (MT-2) is a membrane-anchored serine protease which can suppress prostate cancer (PCa) cell invasion. In this study, we showed that MT-2 was down-regulated in PCa and could suppress PCa cell motility, tumor growth, and metastasis. Using microarray and biochemical analysis, we found that MT-2 shifted TGF-β action towards its tumor suppressor function by repressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoting Smad2 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation to upregulate two TGF-β1 downstream effectors (p21 and PAI-1), culminating in hindrance of PCa cell motility and malignant growth. Mechanistically, MT-2 could dramatically up-regulate the expression of nuclear receptor NR4A3 via iron metabolism in PCa cells. MT-2-induced NR4A3 further coactivated Smad2 to activate p21 and PAI-1 expression. In addition, NR4A3 functioned as a suppressor of PCa and mediated MT-2 signaling to inhibit PCa tumorigenesis and metastasis. These results together indicate that NR4A3 sustains MT-2 signaling to suppress PCa cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis, and serves as a contextual factor for the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway in favor of tumor suppression via promoting p21 and PAI-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Jung Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Yu Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Ru Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Wei Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-An Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chin Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Fan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Hsiung Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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208
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Chen G, Qin X, Wang Y, Gao B, Ling M, Yin W, Li Y, Pan B. Expression status and prognostic value of autophagy-related lncRNAs in prostate cancer. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1684-1696. [PMID: 35414328 PMCID: PMC9302510 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2065149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNAs involve in the autophagy to regulate Prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression. Therefore, it urges to explore more significant AR-lncRNAs in PCa. METHODS mRNA data and clinical information of PCa were achieved from TCGA database, and ARGs were obtained from the HADb. AR-lncRNAs were identified by correlation analysis of DE ARGs and lncRNAs. Univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression, and multivariate Cox regression were used to identify the prognostic AR-lncRNA signature and constructed a risk model. GESA was used to biological function analysis between high- and low-risk score group. A nomogram was constructed and used to predicate the survival of PCa patients. A calibration curve was used to determines accuracy of the predication model. AR-related ceRNA network was constructed by correlation analysis. Expression of six AR-related lncRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS 222 ARGs and 385 AR-lncRNAs were screened from PCa and normal tissues, and 17 AR-lncRNAs were identified as prognostic signature for PCa. Based on the expression of prognostic signature, a risk score was calculated, and PCa samples were distributed into high- and low-risk score groups. The biological function and predicated value of the prognostic signature were also examined. Finally, based on the correlation between each ARG and its prognostic signature, three modules of AR-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were constructed based on 6 AR-lncRNAs, 17 miRNAs, and 12 ARGs. And we found that AC012085.2, UBXN10-AS1, LINC00261 downregulated, whereas AP004608.1, AC104667.2, AC008610.1 upregulated in PCa compared with BPH tissues. CONCLUSION Our finding supplied the potential AR-lncRNAs prognostic signature for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Urology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Qin
- Department of Urology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biyun Gao
- Department of Urology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muan Ling
- Department of Urology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- Department of Urology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Urology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Urology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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209
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Li Q, Xiao X, Chen B, Song G, Zeng K, Miao J. Identification of a Gene Signature to Aid Treatment Decisions by Integrated Analysis of Mutated Genes Between Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:877086. [PMID: 35495154 PMCID: PMC9041415 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.877086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males. Despite the recent development of advanced diagnostic platforms and treatment, patients with metastatic disease still have a poor five-year survival rate. Cancer metastasis is correlated with the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and is significantly associated with patient prognosis. In this study, we obtained mutated genes with significant differences between primary and metastatic prostate cancer from the COSMIC database. Unsupervised consensus clustering was used based on the 1,051 genes obtained, and two PCa clusters were identified, which exhibited different prognostic outcomes and immune characteristics. Next, we generated a scoring system and evaluated the prognostic value of riskscore and its potential to aid treatment decisions in clinical practice. The riskscore could be applied to predict patients’ response to immunotherapy and sensitivity to Docetaxel. In conclusion, this study performed an integrated analysis of mutated genes between primary and metastatic prostate cancer and provides a novel assessment scheme to precisely select treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingliang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoda Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Miao,
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210
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N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO suppressed prostate cancer progression by maintaining CLIC4 mRNA stability. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:184. [PMID: 35397614 PMCID: PMC8994758 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, which has been revealed to play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, its role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the function and clinical relevance of FTO in PCa. Our results demonstrated that FTO was notably downregulated in PCa tissues compared with the paired normal tissues. In addition, the decreased expression of FTO was correlated with poor prognosis of PCa. Functional experiments showed that depletion of FTO promoted the proliferation and metastasis of PCa both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ectopic expression of FTO exhibited the opposite effects. Combined with RNA-sequencing, MeRIP-RT-qPCR, and mRNA stability assays indicated chloride intracellular channel 4(CLIC4) was a functional target of FTO-mediated m6A modification. FTO depletion significantly increased the m6A level of CLIC4 mRNA and then reduced the mRNA stability. In conclusion, our findings suggest that FTO suppresses PCa proliferation and metastasis through reducing the degradation of CLIC4 mRNA in an m6A dependent manner. FTO may be used as a promising novel therapeutic target and prognostic evaluation biomarker for PCa.
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211
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Ochieng J, Korolkova OY, Li G, Jin R, Chen Z, Matusik RJ, Adunyah S, Sakwe AM, Ogunkua O. Fetuin-A Promotes 3-Dimensional Growth in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells by Sequestering Extracellular Vesicles to Their Surfaces to Act as Signaling Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074031. [PMID: 35409390 PMCID: PMC8999611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies were conducted to evaluate key serum proteins and other components that mediate anchorage-independent growth (3-D growth) of LNCaP prostate cancer cells as spheroids. The cells were cultured on ultra-low attachment plates in the absence and presence of fetuin-A and with or without extracellular vesicles. The data show that fetuin-A (alpha 2HS glycoprotein) is the serum protein that mediates 3-D growth in these cells. It does so by sequestering extracellular vesicles of various sizes on the surfaces of rounded cells that grow as spheroids. These vesicles in turn transmit growth signals such as the activation of AKT and MAP kinases in a pattern that differs from the activation of these key growth signaling pathways in adherent and spread cells growing in 2-D. In the process of orchestrating the movement and disposition of extracellular vesicles on these cells, fetuin-A is readily internalized in adhered and spread cells but remains on the surfaces of non-adherent cells. Taken together, our studies suggest the presence of distinct signaling domains or scaffolding platforms on the surfaces of prostate tumor cells growing in 3-D compared to 2-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-615-327-6119
| | - Olga Y. Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urology and Vanderbilt –Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (R.J.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Robert J. Matusik
- Department of Urology and Vanderbilt –Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (R.J.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Samuel Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
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Kang J, La Manna F, Bonollo F, Sampson N, Alberts IL, Mingels C, Afshar-Oromieh A, Thalmann GN, Karkampouna S. Tumor microenvironment mechanisms and bone metastatic disease progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 530:156-169. [PMID: 35051532 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During disease progression from primary towards metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and in particular bone metastases, the tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves in parallel with the cancer clones, altering extracellular matrix composition (ECM), vasculature architecture, and recruiting specialized tumor-supporting cells that favor tumor spread and colonization at distant sites. We introduce the clinical profile of advanced metastatic PCa in terms of common genetic alterations. Findings from recently developed models of PCa metastatic spread are discussed, focusing mainly on the role of the TME (mainly matrix and fibroblast cell types), at distinct stages: premetastatic niche orchestrated by the primary tumor towards the metastatic site and bone metastasis. We report evidence of premetastatic niche formation, such as the mechanisms of distant site conditioning by extracellular vesicles, chemokines and other tumor-derived mechanisms, including altered cancer cell-ECM interactions. Furthermore, evidence supporting the similarities of stroma alterations among the primary PCa and bone metastasis, and contribution of TME to androgen deprivation therapy resistance are also discussed. We summarize the available bone metastasis transgenic mouse models of PCa from a perspective of pro-metastatic TME alterations during disease progression and give an update on the current diagnostic and therapeutic radiological strategies for bone metastasis clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juening Kang
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federico La Manna
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bonollo
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ian L Alberts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Mingels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - George N Thalmann
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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213
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Ma T, Li A, Guo Y, Li S, Li M, Feng S, Liu H. KDM1A/LSD1 as a promising target in various diseases treatment by regulating autophagy network. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112762. [PMID: 35240522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to alterations in gene expressions that are reversible and stable, but do not involve changes in DNA sequences. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that epigenetics plays a critical role in autophagy, which can be schematized as a biological process comprising of the following steps: autophagy signal activation, autophagic vesicle elongation, autophagosome maturation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. As previously reported, autophagy can maintain intracellular homeostasis and autophagy dysfunction will lead to various diseases. For instance, the abnormal expression of genes involved in autophagy can result in the occurrence of many cancers and atherosclerosis. It is also well known that epigenetic modifications can affect autophagy related genes expressions and modulate other signaling molecular involved in autophagy. As an important epigenetic enzyme, LSD1 (lysine specific demethylase 1) plays an essential role in modulating autophagy. On one hand, LSD1 directly regulates autophagy-related genes expressions, including ATGs, Beclin-1, LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. On the other hand, inhibition of LSD1 can activate autophagy through regulating the activities of some other proteins such as p53, SESN2, mTORC1 and PTEN. Since autophagy activation is tightly related to the occurrence of various diseases and can be induced by LSD1 inhibition, development of LSD1 inhibitors will provide a new direction to treat such diseases. In this review, we described the mechanisms by which LSD1 regulates autophagy in different manners and how autophagic dysfunction leads to diseases occurrence. In addition, some LSD1 inhibitors used to treat diseases through modulating autophagy are also summarized in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Anqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yueyang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaotong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Siqi Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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214
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Bernardes JGB, Fernandes MR, Rodrigues JCG, Vinagre LWMS, Pastana LF, Dobbin EAF, Medeiros JAG, Dias Junior LB, Bernardes GM, Bernardes IMM, Santos NPCD, Demachki S, Burbano RMR. Association of Androgenic Regulation and MicroRNAs in Acinar Adenocarcinoma of Prostate. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040622. [PMID: 35456428 PMCID: PMC9030213 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer represents 3.8% of cancer deaths worldwide. For most prostate cancer cells to grow, androgens need to bind to a cellular protein called the androgen receptor (AR). This study aims to demonstrate the expression of five microRNAs (miRs) and its influence on the AR formation in patients from the northern region of Brazil. Material and Methods: Eighty-four tissue samples were investigated, including nodular prostatic hyperplasia (NPH) and acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). Five miRs (27a-3p, 124, 130a, 488-3p, and 506) were quantified using the TaqMan® Real Time PCR method and AR was measured using Western blotting. Results: Levels of miRs 124, 130a, 488-3p, and 506 were higher in NPH samples. Conversely, in the CaP cases, higher levels of miR 27a-3p and AR were observed. Conclusion: In the future, these microRNAs may be tested as markers of CaP at the serum level. The relative expression of AR was 20% higher in patients with prostate cancer, which suggests its potential as a biomarker for prostate malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Guilherme Balieiro Bernardes
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil; (J.G.B.B.); (L.B.D.J.); (I.M.M.B.)
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Marianne Rodrigues Fernandes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
- Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Juliana Carla Gomes Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Lui Wallacy Morikawa Souza Vinagre
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Lucas Favacho Pastana
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Ayres Fragoso Dobbin
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Jéssyca Amanda Gomes Medeiros
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Leonidas Braga Dias Junior
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil; (J.G.B.B.); (L.B.D.J.); (I.M.M.B.)
| | | | | | - Ney Pereira Carneiro Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
- Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, Brazil
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215
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Construction of Bone Metastasis-Specific Regulation Network Based on Prognostic Stemness-Related Signatures in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8495923. [PMID: 35392496 PMCID: PMC8983176 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8495923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background We planned to uncover the cancer stemness-related genes (SRGs) in prostate cancer (PCa) and its underlying mechanism in PCa metastasis. Methods We acquired the RNA-seq data of 406 patients with PCa from the TCGA database. Based on the mRNA stemness index (mRNAsi) calculated by one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm, SRGs in PCa were extracted by WGCNA. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were applied to uncover OS-associated SRGs. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed to discover the possible mechanism of PCa metastasis. The significantly correlated transcription factors of OS-associated SRGs were also identified by Pearson's correlation analysis. ChIP-seq was applied to validate the binding relationship of TFs and OS-associated SRGs and spatial transcriptome and single-cell sequencing were performed to uncover the location of key biomarkers expression. Lastly, we explored the specific inhibitors for SRGs using CMap algorithm. Results We identified 538 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between non-metastatic and metastatic PCa. Furthermore, OS-associated SRGs were identified. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that FOXM1 was significantly correlated with NEIL3 (correlation efficient =0.89, p < 0.001) and identified hallmark_E2F_targets as the potential pathway mechanism of NEIL3 promoting PCa metastasis (correlation efficient =0.58, p < 0.001). Single-cell sequencing results indicated that FOXM1 regulating NEIL3 may get involved in the antiandrogen resistance of PCa. Rottlerin was discovered to be a potential target drug for PCa. Conclusion We constructed a regulatory network based on SRGs associated with PCa metastasis and explored possible mechanism.
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216
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Yang XH, Wu LF, Yan XY, Zhou Y, Liu X. Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training on patients with prostate cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2792-2800. [PMID: 35434092 PMCID: PMC8968805 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major disease impacting men’s health worldwide. Peplau, who is known as “the mother of psychiatric society,” developed an interpersonal relationship theory for nursing. Implementation of this theory in practice has been shown to positively impact patients’ quality of life and reduce adverse symptoms after surgery.
AIM To investigate the effects of a nursing model based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training on patients with prostate cancer.
METHODS Eighty-nine patients with prostate cancer who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) participated in this study. These patients were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University or Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University between January 2020 and April 2021. Patients were randomized into either the Peplau nursing group (n = 44) or a routine nursing group (n = 45). The routine nursing group received routine care and bladder function training, while the Peplau care group received care that integrated concepts from the Peplau interpersonal relationship theory as well as bladder function training. The urinary incontinence symptoms of the two groups were recorded, and the respective International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy- Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) scores, and quality of life (QOL) scores for each group were compared before and after three months of nursing intervention.
RESULTS During the intervention period, the duration of urinary incontinence, frequency, number and amount of urinary incontinence were significantly greater in the routine nursing group compared to the Peplau care group (P < 0.05). The indicators of the routine nursing group were 7.13 ± 2.42 days, 8.23 ± 2.75 times, and 1.24 ± 0.42 L, while those of the Peplau care group were 4.74 ± 1.85 d, 4.21 ± 1.26 times, and 0.56 ± 0.11 L, respectively. After three months of intervention, the mean IPSS score of the routine nursing group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the mean FACIT-Sp and QOL scores were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mean IPSS score in the Peplau nursing group was significantly lower compared to the routine nursing group, while the FACIT-Sp and QOL scores were higher (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION A nursing model based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training can significantly improve prostate function and urinary symptoms, resulting in the restoration of physiological function and improvement in the QOL of patients with prostate cancer following TURP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Fen Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
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217
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Tan K, Naylor MJ. The Influence of Modifiable Factors on Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk and Disease Progression. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840826. [PMID: 35330933 PMCID: PMC8940211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, and together represented almost 20% of all new cancer diagnoses in 2020. For both cancers, the primary treatment options are surgical resection and sex hormone deprivation therapy, highlighting the initial dependence of these malignancies on the activity of both endogenous and exogenous hormones. Cancer cell phenotype and patient prognosis is not only determined by the collection of specific gene mutations, but through the interaction and influence of a wide range of different local and systemic components. While genetic risk factors that contribute to the development of these cancers are well understood, increasing epidemiological evidence link modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical exercise, diet and weight management, to drivers of disease progression such as inflammation, transcriptional activity, and altered biochemical signaling pathways. As a result of this significant impact, it is estimated that up to 50% of cancer cases in developed countries could be prevented with changes to lifestyle and environmental factors. While epidemiological studies of modifiable risk factors and research of the biological mechanisms exist mostly independently, this review will discuss how advances in our understanding of the metabolic, protein and transcriptional pathways altered by modifiable lifestyle factors impact cancer cell physiology to influence breast and prostate cancer risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J Naylor
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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218
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Single-cell sequencing reveals MYC targeting gene MAD2L1 is associated with prostate cancer bone metastasis tumor dormancy. BMC Urol 2022; 22:37. [PMID: 35305591 PMCID: PMC8934453 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Among malignant tumors, bone metastasis is frequently associated with prostate cancer which is seen in about 80% of patients. During cancer treatments, some tumor cells switch to a "dormant mode" to help tumor cells avoid attack from the immune system and anti-tumor therapies. In this dormant mode, tumor cells can be resuscitated, causing cancer to reoccur. The generally accepted explanation for this phenomenon is that the tumor cells have spread to the bone marrow before treatment and are dormant in the bone marrow. However, the key mechanism for inducing and maintaining the dormancy of these prostate cancer disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow is still unclear. Therefore, studying the dormancy mechanism of tumor cells in bone metastasis is of great significance for the treatment and the prevention of recurrence of prostate cancer.
Methods
We obtained single-cell RNA-seq data of tumors from mouse models of prostate cancer bone metastasis mouse model numbered (GSE147150) from the GEO database, and obtained RNA-seq expression data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) of prostate cancer patients from the USCS Xena database. Screening of differential genes and annotation of GO functions were performed separately. Subsequently, the screened differential genes were compared and analyzed with 50 classic Hallmark signaling pathways, and the prognosis analysis of prostate cancer patients in TCGA data was performed to discover the key genes of the dormant mechanism of tumor cells in bone metastasis, and obtain new biomarkers that can be used to predict the prognosis of patients.
Results
A total of 378 differentially expressed genes were screened, of which 293 were significantly up-regulated and 85 were significantly down-regulated. Among them, the up-regulated genes were mainly related to the immune response, and the down-regulated genes were mainly related to the cell cycle. Through GSVA (Gene set variation analysis), it is found that there are differences in a total of 3 signal pathways: COMPLEMENT, MYC_TARGETS_V1 and MYC_TARGETS_V2. By comparing and analyzing the significantly down-regulated genes in dormant tumor cells with MYC_TARGETS_V1, MYC_TARGETS_V2, three significantly down-regulated genes were obtained: Ccna2, Mad2L1 and Plk1.
Conclusion
In summary, our findings indicate that the MYC targeting gene Mad2L1 is potentially related to the dormancy mechanism of prostate cancer. At the same time, Mad2L1, a gene associated with dormant prostate cancer cells, may be used as a biomarker for prognostic survival.
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Tienda-Vázquez MA, Morreeuw ZP, Sosa-Hernández JE, Cardador-Martínez A, Sabath E, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Nephroprotective Plants: A Review on the Use in Pre-Renal and Post-Renal Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060818. [PMID: 35336700 PMCID: PMC8955229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are expected to become the fifth leading cause of death by 2040. Several physiological failures classified as pre-, intra-, and post-renal factors induce kidney damage. Diabetes, liver pathologies, rhabdomyolysis, and intestinal microbiota have been identified as pre-renal factors, and lithiasis or blood clots in the ureters, prostate cancer, urethral obstructions, prostate elongation, and urinary tract infections are post-renal factors. Additionally, the nephrotoxicity of drugs has been highlighted as a crucial factor inducing kidney injuries. Due to the adverse effects of drugs, it is necessary to point to other alternatives to complement the treatment of these diseases, such as nephroprotective agents. Plants are a wide source of nephroprotective substances and can have beneficial effects in different levels of the physiological pathways which lead to kidney damage. In traditional medicines, plants are used as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, diuretics, and anticancer agents, among other benefits. However, the mechanism of action of some plants empirically used remains unknown and scientific data are required to support their nephroprotective effects. The present work reviewed the plants with a beneficial effect on kidney diseases. The classification of nephroprotective plants according to the clinical definition of pre-renal, intrinsic, and post-renal factors is proposed to orient their use as complementary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Adrián Tienda-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Zoé P. Morreeuw
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Anaberta Cardador-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Ernesto Sabath
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital General de Querétaro, Queretaro 76175, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla 76230, Mexico
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
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Looking for a Simplified Diagnostic Model to Identify Potentially Lethal Cases of Prostate Cancer at Initial Diagnosis: An ImGO Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061542. [PMID: 35326693 PMCID: PMC8946832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrent genetic anomalies used to classify prostate cancer (PC) into distinct molecular subtypes have limited relevance for clinical practice. In consideration of WHO 2016 histological classification, which includes the introduction of Gleason Score 4 for patients with cribriform component and the definition of intraductal carcinoma as a new entity, a retrospective pilot study was conducted to investigate, by histological review, if there were any variations of Gleason Score and the incidence of intraductal carcinoma and cribriform pattern, intended as “phenotypic” markers of potentially lethal PC, among metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC) and metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) samples. Potentially predictive factors were also assessed. Among 125 cases, a variation in the Gleason Score was reported in 26% of cases. A cribriform (36%) or intraductal (2%) pattern was reported in a higher percentage. Of them, a primary Gleason pattern 4 was reported in 80% of cases. All patients with intraductal carcinoma present a BRCA2 mutation, also found in 80% of cases with a cribriform pattern. This pilot study documented some hypothesis-generating data, as the evaluation of de novo mCSPC and mCRPC as phenotypic/biologic model to be translated in clinical practice. A cribriform pattern/intraductal carcinoma might be a marker of potentially lethal PC. The high incidence of TP53 and BRCA2 mutations in de novo mCSPC may also have a therapeutic implication.
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Liang X, Wang Y, Pei L, Tan X, Dong C. Identification of Prostate Cancer Risk Genetics Biomarkers Based on Intergraded Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Surg 2022; 9:856446. [PMID: 35372462 PMCID: PMC8967941 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.856446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most popular cancer types in men. Nevertheless, the pathogenic mechanisms of PCa are poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to identify the potential genetic biomarker of PCa in the present study. Methods High-throughput data set GSE46602 was obtained from the comprehensive gene expression database (GEO) for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The common DEGs were further screened out using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Functional enrichment analysis includes Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to study related mechanisms. The Cox and Lasso regression analyses were carried out to compress the target genes and construct the high-risk and low-risk gene model. Survival analyses were performed based on the gene risk signature model. The CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to clarify the correlation of the high- and low-risk gene model in risk and infiltration of immune cells in PCa. Results A total of 385 common DEGs were obtained. The results of functional enrichment analysis show that common DEGs play an important role in PCa. A three-gene signature model (KCNK3, AK5, and ARHGEF38) was established, and the model was significantly associated with cancer-related pathways, overall survival (OS), and tumor microenvironment (TME)-related immune cells in PCa. Conclusion This new risk model may contribute to further investigation in the immune-related pathogenesis in progression of PCa.
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Rodems TS, Juang DS, Stahlfeld CN, Gilsdorf CS, Krueger TEG, Heninger E, Zhao SG, Sperger JM, Beebe DJ, Haffner MC, Lang JM. SEEMLIS: a flexible semi-automated method for enrichment of methylated DNA from low-input samples. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:37. [PMID: 35272673 PMCID: PMC8908705 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation alterations have emerged as hallmarks of cancer and have been proposed as screening, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Traditional approaches for methylation analysis have relied on bisulfite conversion of DNA, which can damage DNA and is not suitable for targeted gene analysis in low-input samples. Here, we have adapted methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2)-based DNA enrichment for use on a semi-automated exclusion-based sample preparation (ESP) platform for robust and scalable enrichment of methylated DNA from low-input samples, called SEEMLIS. Results We show that combining methylation-sensitive enzyme digestion with ESP-based MBD2 enrichment allows for single gene analysis with high sensitivity for GSTP1 in highly impure, heterogenous samples. We also show that ESP-based MBD2 enrichment coupled with targeted pre-amplification allows for analysis of multiple genes with sensitivities approaching the single cell level in pure samples for GSTP1 and RASSF1 and sensitivity down to 14 cells for these genes in highly impure samples. Finally, we demonstrate the potential clinical utility of SEEMLIS by successful detection of methylated gene signatures in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with prostate cancer with varying CTC number and sample purity. Conclusions SEEMLIS is a robust assay for targeted DNA methylation analysis in low-input samples, with flexibility at multiple steps. We demonstrate the feasibility of this assay to analyze DNA methylation in prostate cancer cells using CTCs from patients with prostate cancer as a real-world example of a low-input analyte of clinical importance. In summary, this novel assay provides a platform for determining methylation signatures in rare cell populations with broad implications for research as well as clinical applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01252-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Rodems
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Duane S Juang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charlotte N Stahlfeld
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Cole S Gilsdorf
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tim E G Krueger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jamie M Sperger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, N., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,7151 WI Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Fu X, Zhao J, Yu G, Zhang X, Sun J, Li L, Yin J, Niu Y, Ren S, Zhu Y, Xu B, Huang L. OTUD6A promotes prostate tumorigenesis via deubiquitinating Brg1 and AR. Commun Biol 2022; 5:182. [PMID: 35233061 PMCID: PMC8888634 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tumor (OTU) subfamily deubiquitinases are involved in various cellular processes, such as inflammation, ferroptosis and tumorigenesis; however, their pathological roles in prostate cancer (PCa) remain largely unexplored. In this study, we observed that several OTU members displayed genomic amplification in PCa, among which ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 6A (OTUD6A) amplified in the top around 15–20%. Further clinical investigation showed that the OTUD6A protein was highly expressed in prostate tumors, and increased OTUD6A expression correlated with a higher biochemical recurrence risk after prostatectomy. Biologically, wild-type but not a catalytically inactive mutant form of OTUD6A was required for PCa cell progression. In vivo experiments demonstrated that OTUD6A oligonucleotides markedly suppressed prostate tumorigenesis in PtenPC−/− mice and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Mechanistically, the SWI/SNF ATPase subunit Brg1 and the nuclear receptor AR (androgen receptor) were identified as essential substrates for OTUD6A in PCa cells by a mass spectrometry (MS) screening approach. Furthermore, OTUD6A stabilized these two proteins by erasing the K27-linked polyubiquitination of Brg1 and K11-linked polyubiquitination of AR. OTUD6A amplification exhibited strong mutual exclusivity with mutations in the tumor suppressors FBXW7 and SPOP. Collectively, our results indicate the therapeutic potential of targeting OTUD6A as a deubiquitinase of Brg1 and AR for PCa treatment. OTUD6A, a deubiquitinase, is amplified in prostate cancer and correlates with poor survivability, increasing the growth of prostate cancer cell lines and PDX models. OTUD6A stabilizes the expression of Brg1 and AR through the removal of K27- and K11-linked polyubiquination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guopeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lingmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingyi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yasheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Liyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Roviello G, Nardone V, Bonetta A, Correale P, Molteni A, Lazzari MC, Generali D. Effects of Whole Pelvic Radiotherapy on the Distribution of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Prostate Cancer Patients. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:105-111. [PMID: 35081052 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current study, we have investigated the effects of the different modalities of treatment (volume of radiotherapy [RT], previous surgery) as well as the Gleason score of prostate cancer (PC) on the lymphocyte composition of PC patients undergoing RT. METHODS This is a monoinstitutional study that prospectively included PC patients that underwent RT from January 2016 until December 2017. To compare the different evaluations, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used among 2 times (Timepoint 0 to Timepoint 1). Percentage variation was calculated for all the lymphocyte subpopulation and was correlated with clinical parameters (previous surgery, Gleason score, and pelvic irradiation) with the χ2 test. The statistical analysis was repeated also on the stratified dataset according to the above parameters (previous surgery, Gleason score, and whole pelvic radiotherapy [WPRT]). RESULTS One hundred and eleven patients were included in the present analysis. All the lymphocyte subpopulations resulted significantly lower after RT. The modifications of several lymphocyte subpopulations correlated with previous surgery, Gleason score, and WPRT, although stratified analysis demonstrated that WPRT showed the greatest correlation. CONCLUSION Our results could be used to design a prospective trial in order to study the use of WPRT on the lymphocyte subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples
| | | | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Grand Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli" Reggio Calabria
| | | | | | - Daniele Generali
- Breast Cancer Unit and Traslational Research Unit, ASST Cremona
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Ding Y, Wang M, Yang J. Circular RNA midline-1 (circMID1) promotes proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis in prostate cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6293-6308. [PMID: 35212614 PMCID: PMC8973952 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The key role of circular RNA (circRNA) in the malignant progression of cancers has been demonstrated. However, the role of circRNA midline-1 (circMID1) in prostate cancer (PCa) progression has not been clarified. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure relative expression. Function analysis was performed using EdU staining, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, transwell assay and cell glycolysis detection. The protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to verify RNA interaction. Animal experiments were utilized to explore the effects of circMID1 knockdown on PCa tumorigenesis in vivo. Our results showed that circMID1 was upregulated in PCa tissues and cells and its knockdown inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis in vitro, as well as PCa tumorigenesis in vivo. IGF1R and YTHDC2 were highly expressed in PCa tissues and cells, and their expression was positively regulated by circMID1. IGF1R and YTHDC2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of circMID1 silencing on PCa cell progression. In terms of mechanism, circMID1 could sponge miR-330-3p and miR-330-3p could target IGF1R and YTHDC2. Functional experiments showed that circMID1 sponged miR-330-3p to regulate PCa progression via the YTHDC2/IGF1R/AKT axis. In conclusion, our data confirmed that circMID1 might play a pro-cancer role in PCa, which promoted PCa progression through regulating the miR-330-3p/YTHDC2/IGF1R/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- Department of Uropoiesis Surgical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Uropoiesis Surgical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
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Alijaj N, Pavlovic B, Martel P, Rakauskas A, Cesson V, Saba K, Hermanns T, Oechslin P, Veit M, Provenzano M, Rüschoff JH, Brada MD, Rupp NJ, Poyet C, Derré L, Valerio M, Banzola I, Eberli D. Identification of Urine Biomarkers to Improve Eligibility for Prostate Biopsy and Detect High-Grade Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051135. [PMID: 35267445 PMCID: PMC8909910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The screening of prostate cancer (PCa), based on the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), is characterized by a high number of false positives, leading to overdiagnosis of healthy men and overtreatment of indolent PCa. This clinical problem severely affects the quality of life of patients, who would benefit from more specific risk stratification models. By performing a mass spectrometry (MS) screening on urine samples collected prior to prostate biopsy, we identified novel biomarkers and validated them by ELISA. Here, we show that an upfront urine test, based on quantitative biomarkers and patient age, has a higher performance compared to PSA (AUC = 0.6020) and is a feasible method to improve the eligibility criteria for prostate biopsy, to detect healthy men (AUC = 0.8196) and clinically significant PCa, thereby reducing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Abstract PCa screening is based on the measurements of the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to select men with higher risks for tumors and, thus, eligible for prostate biopsy. However, PSA testing has a low specificity, leading to unnecessary biopsies in 50–75% of cases. Therefore, more specific screening opportunities are needed to reduce the number of biopsies performed on healthy men and patients with indolent tumors. Urine samples from 45 patients with elevated PSA were collected prior to prostate biopsy, a mass spectrometry (MS) screening was performed to identify novel biomarkers and the best candidates were validated by ELISA. The urine quantification of PEDF, HPX, CD99, CANX, FCER2, HRNR, and KRT13 showed superior performance compared to PSA. Additionally, the combination of two biomarkers and patient age resulted in an AUC of 0.8196 (PSA = 0.6020) and 0.7801 (PSA = 0.5690) in detecting healthy men and high-grade PCa, respectively. In this study, we identified and validated novel urine biomarkers for the screening of PCa, showing that an upfront urine test, based on quantitative biomarkers and patient age, is a feasible method to reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies and detect both healthy men and clinically significant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagjie Alijaj
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich and University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (N.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Blaz Pavlovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich and University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (N.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Paul Martel
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Arnas Rakauskas
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Karim Saba
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Pascal Oechslin
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Markus Veit
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Maurizio Provenzano
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Jan H. Rüschoff
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.H.R.); (M.D.B.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Muriel D. Brada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.H.R.); (M.D.B.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Niels J. Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.H.R.); (M.D.B.); (N.J.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Massimo Valerio
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Irina Banzola
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich and University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (N.A.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41762503737
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
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Huang L, Xu Z, Xie Y, Jiang S, Han W, Tang Z, Zhu Q. Comprehensive Characterization of Ageing-Relevant Subtypes Associated With Different Tumorigenesis and Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:803474. [PMID: 35265669 PMCID: PMC8898838 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.803474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Accumulated evidence demonstrates that ageing is a robust risk factor of prostate cancer prognosis. Herein, we conducted a systematic analysis about ageing-relevant molecules and relevant tumor microenvironment features in prostate cancer. Methods: Transcriptome data, clinical information, and mutational data of prostate cancer patients were retrospectively collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. In accordance with the expression of specific ageing-relevant genes, prostate cancer patients were clustered with consensus clustering analyses. WGCNA was adopted for determination of subtype-associated co-expression modules and genes. Thereafter, characteristic genes were further screened with random forest algorithm and a prognostic model was conducted with multivariate cox regression analyses. Tumor microenvironment-infiltrating immune cells were estimated with ssGSEA and ESTIMATE. Activities of the cancer immunity cycle and expressions of HLA and immune checkpoint molecules were then quantified across prostate cancer cases. A serious experiment was conducted to investigate the roles of EIF2S2 in prostate tumorigenesis. Results: This study characterized three ageing-relevant subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) with diverse clinical prognosis. Subtype C1 presented the features of low mutational frequency and immune activation; C2 was characterized by stromal and immune activation; and C3 showed immune suppression. An ageing-derived gene signature was conducted, which independently and robustly predicted patients’ prognosis. Additionally, this signature was in relation to immune inactivation. Among the genes in the signature, EIF2S2 triggered proliferation, invasion, and migration of LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Conclusion: Collectively, ageing-relevant molecular subtypes and gene signature might be of great significance to determine clinical outcomes and tumor microenvironment features and immunotherapeutic responses in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhou Xu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shusuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengyan Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhu,
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Wang B, Chen J, Lin C, Liu R, Wang L, Yuan C. MCM3AP-AS1: A LncRNA Participating in the Tumorigenesis of Cancer Through Multiple Pathways. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2138-2145. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220214100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
More and more shreds of evidence show that the occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the abnormal expression of LncRNA. A large number of experiments have found that overexpression or under-expression of MCM3AP-AS1 can affect the occurrence and development of cancer cells in varying degrees, such as proliferation, invasion, and translocation. Besides, MCM3AP-AS1 may become a promising target for many tumor biotherapies. This article reviews the pathophysiological functions and molecular mechanisms of MCM3AP-AS1 in various tumors.
Methods:
This paper systematically summarizes the published literatures in PubMed. The molecular mechanism of MCM3AP-AS1 in a variety of tumors is reviewed.
Results:
The abnormal expression of MCM3AP-AS1 in different tumors is closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration. MCM3AP-AS1 mediates or participates in related signaling pathways to regulate the expression of targeted miRNAs and proteins. MCM3AP-AS1 plays a vital role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Conclusion:
LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 is a feasible tumor marker and a potential therapeutic target for many kinds of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jinlan Chen
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chen Lin
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ru Liu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Xiong L, Wen Y. Recent advances of NEAT1-miRNA interactions in cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:153-162. [PMID: 35538025 PMCID: PMC9827865 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With high incidence rate, cancer is the main cause of death in humans. Non-coding RNAs, as novel master regulators, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), play important roles in the regulation of tumorigenesis. lncRNA NEAT1 has recently gained much attention, as it is dysregulated in a broad spectrum of cancers, where it acts as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene. Accumulating evidence shows that NEAT1 is correlated with the process of carcinogenesis, including proliferation, invasion, survival, drug resistance, and metastasis. NEAT1 is considered to be a biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of different cancer types. The mechanisms by which NEAT1 plays a critical role in cancers are mainly via interactions with miRNAs. NEAT1-miRNA regulatory networks play significant roles in tumorigenesis, which has attracted much attention from researchers around the world. In this review, we summarize the interaction of NEAT1 with miRNAs in the regulation of protein-coding genes in cancer. A better understanding of the NEAT1-miRNA interactions in cancer will help develop new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Wen
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86-731-85294099; E-mail:
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Zenner ML, Helou YB, Deaton RJ, Sverdlov M, Wang H, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Macias V, Voisine C, Murray M, Abdulkadir SA, Murphy AB, Nonn L. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are lower in prostate tumor tissue and inversely related to proportion of West African ancestry. Prostate 2022; 82:306-313. [PMID: 34855273 PMCID: PMC8753724 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of normal prostate relies on glycolysis, with prostate cancer having reduced glycolysis and increased aerobic metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in tissues as a result of age and glycolytic rate. Differential AGE levels were recently observed in prostate cancer tissues. Herein we sought to quantify AGEs in benign and cancer prostate tissue in a diverse cohort of patients. METHODS Levels of the AGE Nε-(carboxylethyl)lysine (CML) were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray which consisted of 3 cores from tumor and 2 cores from benign areas from 118 patients (87 African American and 31 European American). Ancestry informative markers for African Ancestry were available for 79 patients. Epithelial and stromal areas were quantified separately using an E-cadherin mask. CML levels were compared with clinical grade group and ancestry by mixed linear effect models. Age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1C were included as covariates. RESULTS CML levels were lower in areas of the tumor, for both epithelium and surrounding stroma, compared with benign, but did not significantly change with tumor grade group. Age, PSA levels, BMI, and hemoglobin A1C did not associate with CML levels. CML levels were inversely associated with the percentage of African Ancestry in all tissues. CONCLUSIONS The low CML levels in cancer may reflect the reduced glycolytic state of the tissue. The inverse relationship between African Ancestry and CML levels in both benign and cancer areas suggests a state of reduced glycolysis. It is yet to be determined whether altered glycolysis and CML levels are bystanders or drivers of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Zenner
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yves B Helou
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J Deaton
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Univeristy of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Univeristy of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cindy Voisine
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Univeristy of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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231
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Mukherjee A, Park A, Davies KP. PROL1 is essential for xenograft tumor development in mice injected with the human prostate cancer cell-line, LNCaP, and modulates cell migration and invasion. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:044. [PMID: 35547856 PMCID: PMC9089447 DOI: 10.31083/jomh.2021.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective A growing body of literature suggests modulated expression of members of the opiorphin family of genes (PROL1, SMR3A and SMR3B) is associated with cancer. Recently, overexpression of PROL1 was shown to be associated with prostate cancer, with evidence of a role in overcoming the hypoxic barrier that develops as tumors grow. The primary goal of the present studies was to support and expand evidence for a role of PROL1 in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Material and methods We engineered knock-out of the opiorphin gene, PROL1, in LNCaP, an androgen-sensitive, human prostate cancer derived, cell-line. Using xenograft assays, we compared the ability of injected LNCaP PROL1 knock-out cell-lines to develop tumors in both castrated and intact male mice with the parental LNCaP and LNCaP PROL1 overexpressing cell-lines. We used RNAseq to compare global gene expression between the parental and LNCaP PROL1 knock-out cell-lines. Wound closure and 3D spheroid invasion assays were used to compare cell motility and migration between parental LNCaP cells and LNCaP cells overexpressing of PROL1. Results The present studies demonstrate that LNCaP cell-lines with consisitutive knock-out of PROL1 fail to develop tumors when injected into both castrated and intact male mice. Using RNAseq to compare global gene expression between the parental and LNCaP PROL1 knock-out cell-lines, we confirmed a role for PROL1 in regulating molecular pathways associated with angiogenesis and tumor blood supply, and also identified a potential role in pathways related to cell motility and migration. Through the use of wound closure and 3D spheroid invasion assays, we confirmed that overexpression of PROL1 in LNCaP cells leads to greater cell motility and migration compared to parental cells, suggesting that PROL1 overexpression results in a more invasive phenotype. Conclusion Overall, our studies add to the growing body of evidence that opiorphin-encoding genes play a role in cancer development and progression. PROL1 is essential for establishment and growth of tumors in mice injected with LNCaP cells, and we provide evidence that PROL1 has a possible role in progression towards a more invasive, metastatic and castration resistant prostate cancer (PrCa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Mukherjee
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Augene Park
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kelvin Paul Davies
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Zarei A, Javid H, Sanjarian S, Senemar S, Zarei H. Metagenomics studies for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:289-297. [PMID: 34855234 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mutation occurs in the prostate cell genes, leading to abnormal prostate proliferation and ultimately cancer. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers amongst men, and its prevalence worldwide increases relative to men's age. About 16% of the world's cancers are the result of microbes in the human body. Impaired population balance of symbiosis microbes in the human reproductive system is linked to PC development. DISCUSSION With the advent of metagenomics science, the genome sequence of the microbiota of the human body has been unveiled. Therefore, it is now possible to identify a higher range of microbiome changes in PC tissue via the Next Generation Technique, which will have positive consequences in personalized medicine. In this review, we intend to question the role of metagenomics studies in the diagnosis and treatment of PC. CONCLUSION The microbial imbalance in the men's genital tract might have an effect on prostate health. Based on next-generation sequencing-generated data, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteriodetes are the nine frequent phyla detected in a PC sample, which might be involved in inducing mutation in the prostate cells that cause cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarei
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Sanjarian
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Senemar
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Zarei
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jiang S, Chen H, He K, Wang J. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes attenuated prostate cancer progression via the miR-99b-5p/IGF1R axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2004-2016. [PMID: 35030978 PMCID: PMC8973722 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-99b-5p (miR-99b-5p) has been shown to be enriched in serum exosomes of prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radiotherapy, while its function in PCa progression remains unclear. The expression levels of miR-99b-5p in PCa tissues, cancer cell lines and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs), as well as HBMSCs-derived exosomes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). MiR-99b-5p mimics or inhibitor was transfected into HBMSCs, and HBMSCs-derived exosomes with abnormal expression of miR-99b-5p were used to stimulate PCa cell-line LNCaP cells. Cell proliferative rate was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assays. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assay. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by detecting EMT-related markers using Western blot analysis. The animal model was constructed to confirm the function of miR-99b-5p in vivo. The expression levels of MiR-99b-5p were decreased in PCa tissues and cell lines, while elevated in HBMSCs-derived exosomes. HBMSCs-derived exosomes significantly inhibited cell malignant phenotypes of PCa cells, and miR-99b-5p mimics transfected HBMSCs further enhanced the inhibitory effects of HBMSCs on PCa progression. In addition, miR-99b-5p inhibitor transfected HBMSCs-derived exosomes promoted the progression of PCa in vitro. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was identified as a downstream target of miR-99b-5p. Moreover, miR-99b-5p mimics transfected HBMSCs obviously inhibited tumor progression by downregulating IGF1R in animal model in vivo. Our results demonstrated that HBMSCs could attenuate PCa progression, and exosomal miR-99b-5p and IGF1R participated in the regulatory process, contributing to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, PR. China
| | - Haiyu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Haikou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou City, Hainan Province, PR. China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, PR. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Haikou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou City, Hainan Province, PR. China
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Network models of prostate cancer immune microenvironments identify ROMO1 as heterogeneity and prognostic marker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:192. [PMID: 34996995 PMCID: PMC8741951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men worldwide. Its treatment remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of the tumor, mainly because of the lack of effective and targeted prognostic markers at the system biology level. First, the data were retrieved from TCGA dataset, and valid samples were obtained by consistent clustering and principal component analysis; next, key genes were analyzed for prognosis of PCa using WGCNA, MEGENA, and LASSO Cox regression model analysis, while key genes were screened based on disease-free survival significance. Finally, TIMER data were selected to explore the relationship between genes and tumor immune infiltration, and GSCAlite was used to explore the small-molecule targeted drugs that act with them. Here, we used tumor subtype analysis and an energetic co-expression network algorithm of WGCNA and MEGENA to identify a signal dominated by the ROMO1 to predict PCa prognosis. Cox regression analysis of ROMO1 was an independent influence, and the prognostic value of this biomarker was validated in the training set, the validated data itself, and external data, respectively. This biomarker correlates with tumor immune infiltration and has a high degree of infiltration, poor prognosis, and strong correlation with CD8+T cells. Gene function annotation and other analyses also implied a potential molecular mechanism for ROMO1. In conclusion, we putative ROMO1 as a portal key prognostic gene for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, which provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
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235
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Analysis of the Role of Comprehensive Treatment Model in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2118823. [PMID: 35035516 PMCID: PMC8754622 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2118823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer is gradually increasing. There are many methods for clinical treatment of prostate cancer, such as surgical treatment and endocrine treatment. In the case of advanced prostate cancer, we must not only extend patients' survival times but also enhance their quality of life. Endocrine medications are the most effective therapy for advanced prostate cancer. This research will investigate the therapeutic impact of a complete treatment model in prostate cancer in order to discover a trustworthy clinical treatment model. This research discovered that, as compared to endocrine treatment, radical resection of prostate cancer may diminish and reach lower serum PSA levels in a short amount of time, as well as sustain low PSA levels and delay progression to castration resistance. Moreover, the comprehensive treatment mode can effectively reduce the possibility of complications. The research results show that the comprehensive treatment model can play an important role in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Yu YZ, Lv DJ, Wang C, Song XL, Xie T, Wang T, Li ZM, Guo JD, Fu DJ, Li KJ, Wu DL, Chan FL, Feng NH, Chen ZS, Zhao SC. Hsa_circ_0003258 promotes prostate cancer metastasis by complexing with IGF2BP3 and sponging miR-653-5p. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:12. [PMID: 34986849 PMCID: PMC8729084 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More and more studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical regulatory role in many cancers. However, the potential molecular mechanism of circRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unknown. Methods Differentially expressed circRNAs were identified by RNA sequencing. The expression of hsa_circ_0003258 was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and RNA in situ hybridization. The impacts of hsa_circ_0003258 on the metastasis of PCa cells were investigated by a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Lastly, the underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0003258 was revealed by Western blot, biotin-labeled RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase assays and rescue experiments. Results Increased expression of hsa_circ_0003258 was found in PCa tissues and was associated with advanced TNM stage and ISUP grade. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0003258 promoted PCa cell migration by inducing epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in vitro as well as tumor metastasis in vivo, while knockdown of hsa_circ_0003258 exerts the opposite effect. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0003258 could elevate the expression of Rho GTPase activating protein 5 (ARHGAP5) via sponging miR-653-5p. In addition, hsa_circ_0003258 physically binds to insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) in the cytoplasm and enhanced HDAC4 mRNA stability, in which it activates ERK signalling pathway, then triggers EMT programming and finally accelerates the metastasis of PCa. Conclusions Upregulation of hsa_circ_0003258 drives tumor progression through both hsa_circ_0003258/miR-653-5p/ARHGAP5 axis and hsa_circ_0003258/IGF2BP3 /HDAC4 axis. Hsa_circ_0003258 may act as a promising biomarker for metastasis of PCa and an attractive target for PCa intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01480-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Yu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Dao-Jun Lv
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Xian-Lu Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Jia-Ding Guo
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Du-Jiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kang-Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ding-Lan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ning-Han Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
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Huang W, Kong L, Cao Y, Yan L. Identification and Quantification, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Activities, and Botanical Preparations of Protopine: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010215. [PMID: 35011447 PMCID: PMC8746401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through pharmacological activity research, an increasing number of natural products and their derivatives are being recognized for their therapeutic value. In recent years, studies have been conducted on Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a valuable medicinal herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Protopine, one of its components, has also become a research hotspot. To illustrate the identification, metabolism, and broad pharmacological activity of protopine and the botanical preparations containing it for further scientific studies and clinical applications, an in-depth and detailed review of protopine is required. We collected data on the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine from 1986 to 2021 from the PubMed database using “protopine” as a keyword. It has been shown that protopine as an active ingredient of many botanical preparations can be rapidly screened and quantified by a large number of methods (such as the LC-ESI-MS/MS and the TLC/GC-MS), and the possible metabolic pathways of protopine in vivo have been proposed. In addition, protopine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, analgesic, vasodilatory, anticholinesterase, anti-addictive, anticonvulsant, antipathogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. In this paper, the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine are reviewed in detail to lay a foundation for further scientific research and clinical applications of protopine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Huang
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Bhattacharjee S, Ikromjanov K, Carole KS, Madusanka N, Cho NH, Hwang YB, Sumon RI, Kim HC, Choi HK. Cluster Analysis of Cell Nuclei in H&E-Stained Histological Sections of Prostate Cancer and Classification Based on Traditional and Modern Artificial Intelligence Techniques. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010015. [PMID: 35054182 PMCID: PMC8774423 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker identification is very important to differentiate the grade groups in the histopathological sections of prostate cancer (PCa). Assessing the cluster of cell nuclei is essential for pathological investigation. In this study, we present a computer-based method for cluster analyses of cell nuclei and performed traditional (i.e., unsupervised method) and modern (i.e., supervised method) artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for distinguishing the grade groups of PCa. Two datasets on PCa were collected to carry out this research. Histopathology samples were obtained from whole slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). In this research, state-of-the-art approaches were proposed for color normalization, cell nuclei segmentation, feature selection, and classification. A traditional minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm was employed to identify the clusters and better capture the proliferation and community structure of cell nuclei. K-medoids clustering and stacked ensemble machine learning (ML) approaches were used to perform traditional and modern AI-based classification. The binary and multiclass classification was derived to compare the model quality and results between the grades of PCa. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was carried out between traditional and modern AI techniques using different performance metrics (i.e., statistical parameters). Cluster features of the cell nuclei can be useful information for cancer grading. However, further validation of cluster analysis is required to accomplish astounding classification results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kobiljon Ikromjanov
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, u-AHRC, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (K.I.); (K.S.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (R.I.S.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Kouayep Sonia Carole
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, u-AHRC, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (K.I.); (K.S.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (R.I.S.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Nuwan Madusanka
- School of Computing & IT, Sri Lanka Technological Campus, Paduka 10500, Sri Lanka;
| | - Nam-Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Byn Hwang
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, u-AHRC, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (K.I.); (K.S.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (R.I.S.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Rashadul Islam Sumon
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, u-AHRC, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (K.I.); (K.S.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (R.I.S.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hee-Cheol Kim
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, u-AHRC, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (K.I.); (K.S.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (R.I.S.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Heung-Kook Choi
- Department of Computer Engineering, u-AHRC, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-6733-3437
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[EEFSEC knockdown inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1787-1794. [PMID: 35012909 PMCID: PMC8752429 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of selenocysteine-tRNA specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC) in regulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells. METHODS We detected EEFSEC mRNA expression levels in human normal prostate cell line RWPE1 and human prostate cancer cell lines 22Rv1, LNCaP, Vcap and PC-3 using qRT-PCR and EEFSEC protein expression in surgical specimens of prostate cancer and adjacent tissues using Western blotting. 22Rv1 cells were infected with a lentiviral vector carrying EEFSEC shRNA or a control lentivirus and the interference efficiency was determined using Western blotting. XTT assay was used to assess the changes in the viability of the infected cells, and Transwell chamber assay was used to examine the changes in cell migration and invasion. The effect of EEFSEC knockdown on cell cycle progression was determined with flow cytometry and by detecting the expressions of cell cycle proteins using qRT-PCR. RESULTS EEFSEC was significantly upregulated in prostate cancer cells (P < 0.05), and a high expression of EEFSEC was associated with a poor prognosis of the patients with prostate cancer. In 22Rv1 cells, EEFSEC knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation (P < 0.001), migration (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001) of the cells, resulted in cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, obviously inhibited the expression of C-myc and CCNB1, and significantly increased the expression of p15. CONCLUSION EEFSEC knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro possibly by down-regulating the expression of C-myc.
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Ohya S, Kajikuri J, Endo K, Kito H, Matsui M. K Ca1.1 K + Channel Inhibition Overcomes Resistance to Antiandrogens and Doxorubicin in a Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Spheroid Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13553. [PMID: 34948357 PMCID: PMC8706449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of K+ channels play crucial roles in tumorigenicity, stemness, invasiveness, and drug resistance in cancer. Spheroid formation of human prostate cancer (PC) LNCaP cells with ultra-low attachment surface cultureware induced the up-regulation of cancer stem cell markers, such as NANOG, and decreased the protein degradation of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa1.1 by down-regulating the E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7, compared with LNCaP monolayers. Accordingly, KCa1.1 activator-induced hyperpolarizing responses were larger in isolated cells from LNCaP spheroids. The pharmacological inhibition of KCa1.1 overcame the resistance of LNCaP spheroids to antiandrogens and doxorubicin (DOX). The protein expression of androgen receptors (AR) was significantly decreased by LNCaP spheroid formation and reversed by KCa1.1 inhibition. The pharmacological and genetic inhibition of MDM2, which may be related to AR protein degradation in PC stem cells, revealed that MDM2 was responsible for the acquisition of antiandrogen resistance in LNCaP spheroids, which was overcome by KCa1.1 inhibition. Furthermore, a member of the multidrug resistance-associated protein subfamily of ABC transporters, MRP5 was responsible for the acquisition of DOX resistance in LNCaP spheroids, which was also overcome by KCa1.1 inhibition. Collectively, the present results suggest the potential of KCa1.1 in LNCaP spheroids, which mimic PC stem cells, as a therapeutic target for overcoming antiandrogen- and DOX-resistance in PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (J.K.); (K.E.); (H.K.); (M.M.)
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241
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Ghosh S, Hazra J, Pal K, Nelson VK, Pal M. Prostate cancer: Therapeutic prospect with herbal medicine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100034. [PMID: 34909665 PMCID: PMC8663990 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. A geographic variation on the burden of the disease suggested that the environment, genetic makeup, lifestyle, and food habits modulate one's susceptibility to the disease. Although it has been generally thought to be an older age disease, and awareness and timely execution of screening programs have managed to contain the disease in the older population over the last decades, the incidence is still increasing in the population younger than 50. Existing treatment is efficient for PCa that is localized and responsive to androgen. However, the androgen resistant and metastatic PCa are challenging to treat. Conventional radiation and chemotherapies are associated with severe side effects in addition to being exorbitantly expensive. Many isolated phytochemicals and extracts of plants used in traditional medicine are known for their safety and diverse healing properties, including many with varying levels of anti-PCa activities. Many of the phytochemicals discussed here, as shown by many laboratories, inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation by interfering with the components in the pathways responsible for the enhanced proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in the prostate cells while upregulating the mechanisms of cell death and cell cycle arrest. Notably, many of these agents simultaneously target multiple cellular pathways. We analyzed the available literature and provided an update on this issue in this review article. Prostate cancer in a major cause of death in older population worldwide. Efficacies of current treatment options are limited in many cases. Phytochemicals and extracts isolated from plants show anti-prostate cancer activity with unique mechanisms. Certain phytochemicals alone or in combination with current chemotherapy show therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vinod K Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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242
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Mi YY, Sun CY, Zhang LF, Wang J, Shao HB, Qin F, Xia GW, Zhu LJ. Long Non-coding RNAs LINC01679 as a Competitive Endogenous RNAs Inhibits the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer via Regulating the miR-3150a-3p/SLC17A9 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737812. [PMID: 34900992 PMCID: PMC8656699 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated as the candidate factors to predict cancer prognosis. However, it is still unknown whether lncRNA combinations may be utilized for predicting overall survival (OS) of prostate cancer (PCa). The present work focused on selecting the potent OS-related lncRNA signature for PCa and studying its molecular mechanism to enhance the prognosis prediction accuracy. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) or differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained based on TCGA database by R software “edgeR” package. lncRNAs or mRNAs significantly related to PCa were screened through univariate as well as multivariate Cox regression, for the construction of the risk model for prognosis prediction. Moreover, this constructed risk model was validated through ROC analysis, univariate regression, and Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis. Additionally, we built a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA network through bioinformatics analysis. Colony formation, CCK-8, flow cytometry, scratch, and Transwell assays were performed based on PCa cells subjected to small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting LINC01679/SLC17A9 and vector expressing LINC01679/SLC17A9 transfection. Thereafter, the ceRNA mechanism was clarified via qRT-PCR, Western blotting (WB), RNA pull-down, and luciferase reporter assays. Nude mouse tumor xenograft was established to examine LINC01679’s oncogenicity within PCa cells. According to our results, LINC01679 depletion promoted cell proliferation, metastasis, tumor growth, and inhibited cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, which was also associated with poor survival. LINC01679 regulated miR-3150a-3p level by sponging it. Importantly, miR-3150a-3p overexpression was related to the increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of PCa cells. Rescue assays suggested that miR-3150a-3p mimics rescued the repression on PCa progression mediated by LINC01679 upregulation, but SLC17A9 downregulation reversed the miR-3150a-3p inhibitor-mediated repression on PC progression. Importantly, SLC17A9 downregulation rescued the repression on PCa progression mediated by LINC01679 upregulation. LINC01679 and SLC17A9 are tightly associated with certain clinicopathological characteristics of PCa and its prognostic outcome. In addition, LINC01679 is the ceRNA that suppresses PCa development through modulating the miR-3150a-3p/SLC17A9 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuan-Yu Sun
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong-Bao Shao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Wei Xia
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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243
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Image Feature Analysis Algorithm under Convolutional Neural Network in the Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:1034661. [PMID: 34873435 PMCID: PMC8643240 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1034661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to explore the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm in the diagnosis of prostate cancer patients and tumor risk grading. A total of 89 patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia diagnosed by MRI examination and pathological examination in hospital were selected as the research objects in this study (they passed the exclusion criteria). The MRI images of these patients were collected in two groups and divided into two groups before and after treatment according to whether the CNN algorithm was used to process them. The number of diagnosed diseases and the number of cases of risk level inferred based on the tumor grading were compared to observe which group was closer to the diagnosis of pathological biopsy. Through comparative analysis, compared with the positive rate of pathological diagnosis (44%), the positive rate after the treatment of the CNN algorithm (42%) was more similar to that before the treatment (34%), and the comparison was statistically marked (P < 0.05). In terms of risk stratification, the grading results after treatment (37 cases) were closer to the results of pathological grading (39 cases) than those before treatment (30 cases), and the comparison was statistically obvious (P < 0.05). In addition, it was obvious that the MRT images would be clearer after treatment through the observation of the MRT images before and after treatment. In conclusion, MRI image segmentation algorithm based on CNN was more accurate in the diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer than routine MRI. According to the evaluation of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff I distance (HD), the CNN segmentation method used in this study was more perfect than other segmentation methods.
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244
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Mao C, Ding Y, Xu N. A Double-Edged Sword Role of Cytokines in Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688489. [PMID: 34868907 PMCID: PMC8635015 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies among men and is the second leading cause of cancer death. PC immunotherapy has taken relatively successful steps in recent years, and these treatments are still being developed and tested. Evidence suggests that immunotherapy using cytokines as essential mediators in the immune system may help treat cancer. It has been shown that cytokines play an important role in anti-tumor defense. On the other hand, other cytokines can also favor the tumor and suppress anti-tumor responses. Moreover, the dose of cytokine in cancer cytokine-based immunotherapy, as well as the side effects of high doses, can also affect the outcomes of treatment. Cytokines can also be determinative in the outcome of other immunotherapy methods used in PC. In this review, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer and their impacts on the main types of immunotherapies in the treatment of PC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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245
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Buskin A, Singh P, Lorenz O, Robson C, Strand DW, Heer R. A Review of Prostate Organogenesis and a Role for iPSC-Derived Prostate Organoids to Study Prostate Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313097. [PMID: 34884905 PMCID: PMC8658468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate is vulnerable to two major age-associated diseases, cancer and benign enlargement, which account for significant morbidity and mortality for men across the globe. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer reported in men, with over 1.2 million new cases diagnosed and 350,000 deaths recorded annually worldwide. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterised by the continuous enlargement of the adult prostate, symptomatically afflicts around 50% of men worldwide. A better understanding of the biological processes underpinning these diseases is needed to generate new treatment approaches. Developmental studies of the prostate have shed some light on the processes essential for prostate organogenesis, with many of these up- or downregulated genes expressions also observed in prostate cancer and/or BPH progression. These insights into human disease have been inferred through comparative biological studies relying primarily on rodent models. However, directly observing mechanisms of human prostate development has been more challenging due to limitations in accessing human foetal material. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a suitable alternative as they can mimic embryonic cells, and iPSC-derived prostate organoids present a significant opportunity to study early human prostate developmental processes. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of prostate development and its relevance to prostate-associated diseases. Additionally, we detail the potential of iPSC-derived prostate organoids for studying human prostate development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Buskin
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Parmveer Singh
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Oliver Lorenz
- Newcastle University School of Computing, Digital Institute, Urban Sciences Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK;
| | - Craig Robson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Douglas W. Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
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246
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Liu X, Tong Y, Xia D, Peng E, Yang X, Liu H, Ye T, Wang X, He Y, Ye Z, Chen Z, Tang K. Circular RNAs in prostate cancer: Biogenesis,biological functions, and clinical significance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1130-1147. [PMID: 34820150 PMCID: PMC8585584 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules that play important regulatory roles in various tumors. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, more and more circRNAs have been found to be abnormally expressed and involved in the occurrence and development of PCa, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and radiotherapy resistance. Most of the circRNAs regulate biological behaviors of cancer through a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory mechanism, and some can exert their functions by binding to proteins. circRNAs are also associated with many clinicopathological features of PCa, including tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. In addition, circRNAs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PCa. Considering their critical regulatory roles in the progression of PCa, circRNAs would be the potential therapeutic targets. In this paper, the current research status of circRNAs in PCa is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonghua Tong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ejun Peng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hailang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinguang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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247
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Soremekun O, Ezenwa C, Paimo O, Madu C, Omotoso O, Akinifesi O, Ntuenibok N. Integrative analysis of microRNA expression level profile identifies microRNAs associated with prostate cancer. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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248
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The protein 4.1R downregulates VEGFA in M2 macrophages to inhibit colon cancer metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112896. [PMID: 34717920 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
M2 macrophages are crucial components of the tumour microenvironment and have been shown to be closely related to tumour progression. Co-culture with 4.1R-/- M2 macrophages enhances the malignancy of colon cancer (CC), but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that protein 4.1R knockout reduced the phagocytosis of M2 macrophages (M-CSF/IL-4-treated bone marrow cells) and promoted MC38 colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumour formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which are regulated by M2 macrophages. Further mechanistic dissection revealed that the 4.1R knockout upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secreted by M2 macrophages and promoted colon cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. In summary, our present study identified that 4.1R downregulates VEGFA secretion in M2 macrophages and delays the malignant potential of colon cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
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249
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Haq MS, Thomas PM, Almonte M, Mohan V. Prostate Cancer Presenting With an Unusual Presentation of Rectal Pain and Bleeding. Cureus 2021; 13:e18766. [PMID: 34804647 PMCID: PMC8592291 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an atypical case of prostate cancer with rectal involvement presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms predominately and a rectal mass. A 51-year-old male patient came to the hospital with abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. Imaging revealed prostate enlargement, perirectal lymphadenopathy, and multiple hepatic and pulmonary nodules. The patient also had an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 502 ng/mL (against normal range 0.6-0.7 ng/mL). Biopsies were performed on tissue samples taken from the rectum and prostate gland, which confirmed the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. The lack of urinary symptoms and close clinical similarity to colorectal cancer presented a diagnostic challenge for us. Familiarity with this specific presentation of prostate cancer is necessary to avoid misdiagnoses and guide correct treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Haq
- Internal Medicine, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, USA
| | - Pravin M Thomas
- Internal Medicine, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, USA
| | - Marcos Almonte
- Internal Medicine, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, USA
| | - Vinuta Mohan
- Internal Medicine: Endocrinology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, USA
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250
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Ren X, Chen X, Zhang X, Jiang S, Zhang T, Li G, Lu Z, Zhang D, Wang S, Qin C. Immune Microenvironment and Response in Prostate Cancer Using Large Population Cohorts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686809. [PMID: 34777331 PMCID: PMC8585452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune microenvironment of prostate cancer (PCa) is implicated in disease progression. However, previous studies have not fully explored PCa immune microenvironment. This study used ssGSEA algorithm to explore expression levels of 53 immune terms in a combined PCa cohort (eight cohorts; 1,597 samples). The top 10 immune terms were selected based on the random forest analysis and used for immune-related risk score (IRS) calculation. Furthermore, we explored differences in clinical and genomic features between high and low IRS groups. An IRS signature based on the 10 immune terms showed high prediction potential for PCa prognosis. Patients in the high IRS group showed significantly higher percentage of immunotherapy response factors, implying that IRS is effective in predicting immunotherapy response rate. Furthermore, consensus clustering was performed to separate the population into three IRSclusters with different clinical outcomes. Patients in IRScluster3 showed the worst prognosis and highest immunotherapy response rate. On the other hand, patients in IRScluster2 showed better prognosis and low immunotherapy response rate. In addition, VGLL3, ANPEP, CD38, CCK, DPYS, CST2, COMP, CRISP3, NKAIN1, and F5 genes were differentially expressed in the three IRSclusters. Furthermore, CMap analysis showed that five compounds targeted IRS signature, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, 0175029-0000, trichostatin A, and fluphenazine. In summary, immune characteristics of PCa tumor microenvironment was explored and an IRS signature was constructed based on 10 immune terms. Analysis showed that this signature is a useful tool for prognosis and prediction of immunotherapy response rate of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ren
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglin Chen
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Silin Jiang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwen Lu
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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