301
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Kulikov OV, Li R, Gokel GW. A synthetic ion channel derived from a metallogallarene capsule that functions in phospholipid bilayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:375-7. [PMID: 19053120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kulikov
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, One University Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
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302
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Kulikov O, Li R, Gokel G. A Synthetic Ion Channel Derived from a Metallogallarene Capsule That Functions in Phospholipid Bilayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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303
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Klosterman JK, Yamauchi Y, Fujita M. Engineering discrete stacks of aromatic molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1714-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b901261n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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304
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305
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Chen Z, Lohr A, Saha-Möller CR, Würthner F. Self-assembled π-stacks of functional dyes in solution: structural and thermodynamic features. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:564-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b809359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 838] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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306
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Ajayakumar MR, Mukhopadhyay P. Naphthalene-bis-hydrazimide: radical anions and ICT as new bimodal probes for differential sensing of a library of amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3702-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b903097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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307
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Gabutti S, Schaffner S, Neuburger M, Fischer M, Schäfer G, Mayor M. Planar chiral asymmetric naphthalenediimide cyclophanes: synthesis, characterization and tunable FRET properties. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3222-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b905945h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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308
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Bhosale SV, Kalyankar MB, Bhosale SV, Langford SJ, Reid EF, Hogan CF. The synthesis of novel core-substituted naphthalene diimides via Suzuki cross-coupling and their properties. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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309
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Sakai N, Matile S. Metall-organische Gerüste: der Einbau von Schwermetallen in synthetische Ionenkanäle und Poren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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310
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Sakai N, Matile S. Metal-Organic Scaffolds: Heavy-Metal Approaches to Synthetic Ion Channels and Pores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9603-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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311
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Bayley H, Cronin B, Heron A, Holden MA, Hwang WL, Syeda R, Thompson J, Wallace M. Droplet interface bilayers. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:1191-208. [PMID: 19396383 PMCID: PMC2763081 DOI: 10.1039/b808893d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) provide a superior platform for the biophysical analysis of membrane proteins. The versatile DIBs can also form networks, with features that include built-in batteries and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagan Bayley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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312
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Abstract
In biology, beta-barrels, cylindrically rolled-up forms of beta-sheets, are ubiquitous structural motifs within various binding proteins, pores, and enzymes. This biological multifunctionality suggested that synthetic artificial beta-barrels would provide access to many different functions beyond the limitations of peptide chemistry. Unlike the relative ease of formation of synthetic (de novo) alpha-helix bundles, the synthesis of artificial beta-barrels remains a challenge. To bypass the folding problems involved, we have employed "unfoldable" rigid-rod scaffolds as privileged staves (staves are the wood strips that form the sides of macroscopic barrels); the resulting barrel-stave supramolecules exhibit their expected multifunctionality. Several "rigid rod" beta-barrels that act as receptors, ion channels, pores, catalysts, and sensors have been prepared and studied. The most recent topic of interest concerns the use of artificial beta-barrels as multicomponent sensors ("artificial tongues") in complex analyte matrices. For multicomponent sensing, we have designed artificial beta-barrels to form pores that can open and close in response to chemical stimulation within lipid bilayers. With use of fluorogenic vesicles, changes in pore activity are readily detectable with either the naked eye or multiwell screening formats. The varying responsiveness to substrates and products makes synthetic pores versatile detectors of chemical reactions, of the activity of the enzymes that catalyze these reactions, and of their inhibitors. In sensing applications, the "perfect" selectivity of enzymes is exploited to generate analyte-specific signals. Reactive signal amplifiers are then covalently linked to the products of enzymatic signal generation to enhance their pore blockage potency. With the help of signal generators and amplifiers, we have employed artificial beta-barrel pores to sense sweet (sucrose, lactose), sour (acetate, lactate, citrate), and umami ("deliciousness", glutamate) components in various food samples. This breakthrough naturally led us to design and synthesize refined pores for advanced sensing applications. We have developed methods to build guest-binding sites not only at internal and external barrel surfaces but also near the core or near the periphery of the pore. Further refinements include the introduction of asymmetric staves for voltage gating and anchoring of the pore at the membrane-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Mareda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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313
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Banerji N, Angulo G, Barabanov I, Vauthey E. Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Dynamics in Covalently Linked Perylene−Dimethylaniline and Cyanoperylene−Dimethylaniline. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9665-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803621z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Banerji
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Angulo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Igor Barabanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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314
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Jung M, Kim H, Baek K, Kim K. Synthetic Ion Channel Based on Metal–Organic Polyhedra. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5755-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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315
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Jung M, Kim H, Baek K, Kim K. Synthetic Ion Channel Based on Metal–Organic Polyhedra. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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316
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Banerji N, Fürstenberg A, Bhosale S, Sisson AL, Sakai N, Matile S, Vauthey E. Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge Separation in Naphthalene Diimide Based Multichromophoric Systems in Liquid Solutions and in a Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8912-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801276p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Banerji
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sheshanath Bhosale
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Adam L. Sisson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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317
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Sisson AL, Sakai N, Banerji N, Fürstenberg A, Vauthey E, Matile S. Zipper assembly of vectorial rigid-rod pi-stack architectures with red and blue naphthalenediimides: toward supramolecular cascade n/p-heterojunctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3727-9. [PMID: 18366052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Sisson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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318
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Sisson A, Sakai N, Banerji N, Fürstenberg A, Vauthey E, Matile S. Zipper Assembly of Vectorial Rigid-Rod π-Stack Architectures with Red and Blue Naphthalenediimides: Toward Supramolecular Cascade n/p-Heterojunctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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319
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Abstract
Although membrane proteins account for approximately one third of all proteins encoded in the human genome, the functions and structures of their transmembrane domains are much less understood than the water-soluble regions. A major hurdle in studying these transmembrane domains is the lack of appropriate exogenous agents that can be used as specific probes. Despite the daunting challenges, major strides have recently been made in targeting the transmembrane domains of a variety of membrane proteins. High affinity and selectivity have been achieved in model biophysical systems, membranes of bacteria, and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA.
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320
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321
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322
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Rose KG, Jaber DA, Gondo CA, Hamilton DG. An Expedient Synthesis of Mellitic Triimides. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3950-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800185v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075
| | - Dina A. Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075
| | - Chenaimwoyo A. Gondo
- Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075
| | - Darren G. Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075
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323
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Gabutti S, Knutzen M, Neuburger M, Schull G, Berndt R, Mayor M. A rigid sublimable naphthalenediimide cyclophane as model compound for UHV STM experiments. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2370-2. [PMID: 18473073 DOI: 10.1039/b719796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and characterization of a rigid naphthalenediimide cyclophane as a model compound for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) STM experiments are described together with first self-assembly investigations on an Au(111) substrate displaying the formation of densely packed parallel rows of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Gabutti
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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324
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Yin H. Exogene Wirkstoffe zur Erkennung von Transmembrandomänen von Proteinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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325
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Perez-Velasco A, Gorteau V, Matile S. Rigid Oligoperylenediimide Rods: Anion–π Slides with Photosynthetic Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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326
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Perez-Velasco A, Gorteau V, Matile S. Rigid Oligoperylenediimide Rods: Anion–π Slides with Photosynthetic Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:921-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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327
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Sakai N, Kishore RSK, Matile S. Three-component zipper assembly of photoactive cascade architectures with blue, red and colorless naphthalenediimide donors and acceptors. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3970-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b808288j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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328
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329
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Ariga K, Hill JP, Lee MV, Vinu A, Charvet R, Acharya S. Challenges and breakthroughs in recent research on self-assembly. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:014109. [PMID: 27877935 PMCID: PMC5099804 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/014109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The controlled fabrication of nanometer-scale objects is without doubt one of the central issues in current science and technology. However, existing fabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages including size-restrictions and a general paucity of applicable materials. Because of this, the development of alternative approaches based on supramolecular self-assembly processes is anticipated as a breakthrough methodology. This review article aims to comprehensively summarize the salient aspects of self-assembly through the introduction of the recent challenges and breakthroughs in three categories: (i) types of self-assembly in bulk media; (ii) types of components for self-assembly in bulk media; and (iii) self-assembly at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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330
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Abstract
The objective with synthetic multifunctional nanoarchitecture is to create large suprastructures with interesting functions. For this purpose, lipid bilayer membranes or conducting surfaces have been used as platforms and rigid-rod molecules as shape-persistent scaffolds. Examples for functions obtained by this approach include pores that can act as multicomponent sensors in complex matrices or rigid-rod π-stack architecture for artificial photosynthesis and photovoltaics.
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331
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Abstract
Energy is the most important issue of the 21st century. About 85% of our energy comes from fossil fuels, a finite resource unevenly distributed beneath the Earth's surface. Reserves of fossil fuels are progressively decreasing, and their continued use produces harmful effects such as pollution that threatens human health and greenhouse gases associated with global warming. Prompt global action to solve the energy crisis is therefore needed. To pursue such an action, we are urged to save energy and to use energy in more efficient ways, but we are also forced to find alternative energy sources, the most convenient of which is solar energy for several reasons. The sun continuously provides the Earth with a huge amount of energy, fairly distributed all over the world. Its enormous potential as a clean, abundant, and economical energy source, however, cannot be exploited unless it is converted into useful forms of energy. This Review starts with a brief description of the mechanism at the basis of the natural photosynthesis and, then, reports the results obtained so far in the field of photochemical conversion of solar energy. The "grand challenge" for chemists is to find a convenient means for artificial conversion of solar energy into fuels. If chemists succeed to create an artificial photosynthetic process, "... life and civilization will continue as long as the sun shines!", as the Italian scientist Giacomo Ciamician forecast almost one hundred years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Balzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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332
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Kishore RSK, Ravikumar V, Bernardinelli G, Sakai N, Matile S. Rapid and Mild Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenediimides. J Org Chem 2007; 73:738-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702392q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravuri S. K. Kishore
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Velayutham Ravikumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérald Bernardinelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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333
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Gassensmith J, Arunkumar E, Barr L, Baumes JM, DiVittorio KM, Johnson JR, Noll BC, Smith BD. Self-assembly of fluorescent inclusion complexes in competitive media including the interior of living cells. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15054-9. [PMID: 17994746 PMCID: PMC2859707 DOI: 10.1021/ja075567v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthracene-containing tetralactam macrocycles are prepared and found to have an extremely high affinity for squaraine dyes in chloroform (log Ka = 5.2). Simply mixing the two components produces highly fluorescent, near-infrared inclusion complexes in quantitative yield. An X-ray crystal structure shows the expected hydrogen bonding between the squaraine oxygens and the macrocycle amide NH residues, and a high degree of cofacial aromatic stacking. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the assembly process are very sensitive to small structural changes in the binding partners. For example, a macrocycle containing two isophthalamide units associates with the squaraine dye in chloroform 400,000 times faster than an analogous macrocycle containing two 2,6-dicarboxamidopyridine units. Squaraine encapsulation also occurs in highly competitive media such as mixed aqueous/organic solutions, vesicle membranes, and the organelles within living cells. The highly fluorescent inclusion complexes possess emergent properties; that is, as compared to the building blocks, the complexes have improved chemical stabilities, red-shifted absorption/emission maxima, and different cell localization propensities. These are useful properties for new classes of near-infrared fluorescent imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Easwaran Arunkumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Lorna Barr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Baumes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kristy M. DiVittorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - James R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bruce C. Noll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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334
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Sakai N, Sisson AL, Bürgi T, Matile S. Zipper Assembly of Photoactive Rigid-Rod Naphthalenediimide π-Stack Architectures on Gold Nanoparticles and Gold Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15758-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077099v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Microtechnology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Adam L. Sisson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Microtechnology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Microtechnology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Microtechnology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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335
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Avlasevich Y, Müllen K. An efficient synthesis of quaterrylenedicarboximide NIR dyes. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10243-6. [PMID: 18044927 DOI: 10.1021/jo702019p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quaterrylenedicarboximides were prepared from 9-bromoperylene-3,4-dicarboximides by palladium-catalyzed coupling with 3-perylene boronic ester, followed by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the resulting perylene-perylenedicarboximide dyads with iron(III) chloride. The quaterrylenedicarboximides, described here, are highly photochemically and thermally stable dyes, which may be useful as green NIR dyes (lambdamax = 735 nm) and as building blocks for the synthesis of higher rylene dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Avlasevich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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336
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Hwang WL, Holden MA, White S, Bayley H. Electrical behavior of droplet interface bilayer networks: experimental analysis and modeling. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11854-64. [PMID: 17764183 DOI: 10.1021/ja074071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous droplets submerged in an oil-lipid mixture become enclosed by a lipid monolayer. The droplets can be connected to form robust networks of droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) with functions such as a biobattery and a light sensor. Such DIB networks might be used as model systems for the study of membrane-based biological phenomena. In this study, we develop and experimentally validate an electrical modeling approach for DIB networks by applying it to describe the current flow through a simple network containing protein pores and blocking molecules. We demonstrate the use of SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) for simulating the electrical behavior of DIB networks. The modular and scalable nature of DIB networks should enable a straightforward extension of the analysis presented in this paper to large, complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, OX1 3TA, England, UK.
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337
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Röger C, Würthner F. Core-Tetrasubstituted Naphthalene Diimides: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Redox Characteristics. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8070-5. [PMID: 17887710 DOI: 10.1021/jo7015357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
2,3,6,7-tetrabromonaphthalene dianhydride has been synthesized by the bromination of naphthalene dianhydride with dibromoisocyanuric acid in excellent yield. The condensation of this dianhydride with 2,6-diisopropylaniline yielded the corresponding tetrabromo-substituted naphthalene diimide (NDI), which is a versatile precursor for the synthesis of core-tetrafunctionalized NDIs. Nucleophilic substitution of tetrabromo NDI with alkoxy, alkylthio, and alkylamino nucleophiles afforded a series of core-tetrasubstituted NDI chromophores that complete the series of previously reported di- and trifunctionalized NDI derivatives. The effects of electronic nature and number of core substituents on the optical and electrochemical properties of NDIs have been investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The absorption maxima (629-642 nm) of tetraamino NDIs are strongly bathochromically shifted compared to those of other core-functionalized NDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Röger
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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338
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Gao X, Qiu W, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Qi T, Liu Y, Lu K, Du C, Shuai Z, Yu G, Zhu D. First Synthesis of 2,3,6,7-Tetrabromonaphthalene Diimide. Org Lett 2007; 9:3917-20. [PMID: 17824615 DOI: 10.1021/ol701539z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-Bis(n-octyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrabromonaphthalene diimide (TBNDI) was synthesized by a new imidization reaction and characterized by HRMS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-vis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The TBNDIs are the key precursors for the synthesis of core-tetrasubstituted-naphthalene diimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xike Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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339
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Gorteau V, Bollot G, Mareda J, Perez-Velasco A, Matile S. Rigid oligonaphthalenediimide rods as transmembrane anion-pi slides. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:14788-9. [PMID: 17105272 DOI: 10.1021/ja0665747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of rigid oligonaphthalenediimide (O-NDI) rods that are expected to act as transmembrane anion-pi slides. Studies in fluorogenic large unilamellar egg yolk phosphatidylcholine vesicles reveal that rigid O-NDI rods mediate anion-selective transport with a rare halide VI selectivity sequence (Cl- > F- > Br- > I-). This and decreasing activity, selectivity, and halide sequence with increasing positive charge of the rod termini support the occurrence of anion-pi interactions. A strong anomalous mole fraction effect in Cl-/I- mixtures is in agreement with the existence of multiple active sites along the anion-pi slide and multi-anion hopping as a mechanism of transport. The strong inverted NDI quadruple moment found by DFT calculations is in excellent agreement with these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gorteau
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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340
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Abstract
We form networks from aqueous droplets by submerging them in an oil/lipid mixture. When the droplets are joined together, the lipid monolayers surrounding them combine at the interface to form a robust lipid bilayer. Various protein channels and pores can incorporate into the droplet-interface bilayer (DIB), and the application of a potential with electrodes embedded within the droplets allows ionic currents to be driven across the interface and measured. By joining droplets in linear or branched geometries, functional bionetworks can be created. Although the interfaces between neighboring droplets comprise only single lipid bilayers, the structures of the networks are long-lived and robust. Indeed, a single droplet can be "surgically" excised from a network and replaced with a new droplet without rupturing adjacent DIBs. Networks of droplets can be powered with internal "biobatteries" that use ion gradients or the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. Besides their interest as coupled protocells, the droplets can be used as devices for ultrastable bilayer recording with greatly reduced electrolyte volume, which will permit their use in rapid screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Holden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK.
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341
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Bhosale R, Bhosale S, Bollot G, Gorteau V, Julliard MD, Litvinchuk S, Mareda J, Matile S, Miyatake T, Mora F, Perez-Velasco A, Sakai N, Sisson AL, Tanaka H, Tran DH. Synthetic Multifunctional Nanoarchitecture in Lipid Bilayers: Ion Channels, Sensors, and Photosystems. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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342
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Schultz D, Nitschke JR. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Selectivity in Subcomponent Substitution. Chemistry 2007; 13:3660-5. [PMID: 17245791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Within assemblies prepared by metal-templated imine condensation, one amine residue (subcomponent) may be replaced with another through substitution reactions. Proton transfer from a more to a less acidic amine may be used as the driving force for substitution. Herein, we detail the development of a set of selectivity rules to predict the outcome of subcomponent substitution reactions when several different substrates are present. When both iron and copper complexes were present, substitution occurred preferentially at imines bound to copper. This preference was kinetic in nature in the absence of a chelating amine subcomponent: The different amine residues were found to scramble between the copper and iron complexes following an initial clean substitution at the copper-bound imine. When both chelating and nonchelating amine subcomponents were present, the preference became thermodynamic in nature. Only the nonchelating amine was substituted and no evidence of scrambling was found after the reaction mixture was heated to 50 degrees C for several days. This thermodynamic selectivity, based on the chelate effect, operated in mixtures of Cu(I) and Fe(II) complexes, and in systems containing only Fe(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schultz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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343
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Yamaguchi T, Tashiro S, Tominaga M, Kawano M, Ozeki T, Fujita M. Self-Assembly and Host–Guest Chemistry of a 3.5-nm Coordination Nanotube. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:468-76. [PMID: 17441183 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Upon complexation with Pd(II) ions, precisely designed strandlike ligands with two tris(3,5-pyridine) units at both terminals were assembled, with the aid of a linear template molecule, into a discrete tubular complex with a length of 3.5 nm. The high stability and the well-defined structure of the coordination nanotube were revealed by NMR spectroscopy, cold-spray ionization MS, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Guest lengths were discriminated by the tube: When the association of strandlike guest molecules, in which two biphenylene units are linked with an (OCH2CH2)n linker, were compared, the tube selectively recognized an appropriate guest whose length was comparable to that of the tube. Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-terminated linear guests were directly oxidized to TTF2+ in the tube, but reduced stepwise via TTF+ outside the tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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344
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Kay ER, Leigh DA, Zerbetto F. Synthetic molecular motors and mechanical machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:72-191. [PMID: 17133632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2073] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of controlled molecular-level motion in key natural processes suggests that great rewards could come from bridging the gap between the present generation of synthetic molecular systems, which by and large rely upon electronic and chemical effects to carry out their functions, and the machines of the macroscopic world, which utilize the synchronized movements of smaller parts to perform specific tasks. This is a scientific area of great contemporary interest and extraordinary recent growth, yet the notion of molecular-level machines dates back to a time when the ideas surrounding the statistical nature of matter and the laws of thermodynamics were first being formulated. Here we outline the exciting successes in taming molecular-level movement thus far, the underlying principles that all experimental designs must follow, and the early progress made towards utilizing synthetic molecular structures to perform tasks using mechanical motion. We also highlight some of the issues and challenges that still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan R Kay
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
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345
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346
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Leduc PR, Wong MS, Ferreira PM, Groff RE, Haslinger K, Koonce MP, Lee WY, Love JC, McCammon JA, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Rotello VM, Rubloff GW, Westervelt R, Yoda M. Towards an in vivo biologically inspired nanofactory. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 2:3-7. [PMID: 18654192 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2006.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Leduc
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia 15213, USA.
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347
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Ballardini R, Credi A, Gandolfi MT, Marchioni F, Silvi S, Venturi M. Using light to induce energy and electron transfer or molecular motions in multicomponent systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:345-56. [PMID: 17404627 DOI: 10.1039/b613411d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced processes are at the basis of fundamental natural phenomena as well as of a variety of applications. Since the functions that can arise from the interaction between light and matter depend on the degree of complexity and organization of the receiving 'matter', the research on these processes has progressively moved from molecular to supramolecular (multicomponent) systems, thereby originating the field of supramolecular photochemistry. In this context, examples of photochemical molecular devices and machines--that is, multicomponent chemical systems capable to perform specific functions under light stimulation--have been developed. Here we report examples of molecular devices in solution, where light is employed (i) to create and transport electronic energy, (ii) to displace electrons, and (iii) to set molecular components in motion, mimicking the operation of mechanical machines and motors. These studies are of interest not only for increasing the basic understanding and testing of current theoretical treatments of photoinduced processes but also eventually for the growth of nanoscience.
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348
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Bhosale SV, Langford SJ. The development of yoctowells as a basis for modeling biological systems. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3733-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b712821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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349
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Sakai N, Mareda J, Matile S. Ion channels and pores, made from scratch. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2007; 3:658-66. [PMID: 17882329 DOI: 10.1039/b704684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We elaborate on the structural diversity well beyond the biological limitations that becomes accessible with synthetic ion channels and pores, and on the importance of advanced nanoarchitecture to create significant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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350
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Sakai N, Sisson AL, Bhosale S, Fürstenberg A, Banerji N, Vauthey E, Matile S. Rigid-rod push–pull naphthalenediimide photosystems. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2560-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b708449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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