1
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Shen H, Yi F, Ding Z, Liu W, Liu P, Wang Z, Liu S, Liu Y, Li D. SEC11A contributes to tumour progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14958. [PMID: 37025806 PMCID: PMC10070141 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent disease that has a low survival rate and high recurrence risk. Our study aims to investigate the expression and role of SEC11A in HNSCC. Methods The expression of SEC11A was assessed in 18 pairs of cancerous and adjacent tissues by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed in clinical specimen sections to evaluate the expression of SEC11A and its association with outcomes. Furthermore, the functional role of SEC11A in HNSCC tumor proliferation and progression was investigated using the in vitro cell model with lentivirus-mediated SEC11A knockdown. Colony formation and CCK8 assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation potential, while in vitro migration and invasion were examined using wound healing and transwell assays. To determine the tumor formation potential in vivo, a tumor xenograft assay was used. Results In contrast to adjacent normal tissues, SEC11A expression was significantly elevated in HNSCC tissues. SEC11A was mainly localized in the cytoplasm, and its expression was significantly associated with patient prognosis. SEC11A was silenced using shRNA lentivirus in TU212 and TU686 cell lines, and the gene knockdown was confirmed. A series of functional assays demonstrated that SEC11A knockdown reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability in vitro. In addition, the xenograft assay demonstrated that SEC11A knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Tumor tissue sections of mice showed decreased proliferation potential in the shSEC11A xenografts cells by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion SEC11A knockdown decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in vivo. SEC11A is crucial to HNSCC proliferation and progression, and may serve as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Fangzheng Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, PR China
| | | | - Shixian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Yehai Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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2
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Improvement of specific aiming of X-ray radiotherapy on HER2-overexpressing cancerous cell lines by targeted delivery of silver nanoparticle. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Grabenstein S, Barnard KN, Anim M, Armoo A, Weichert WS, Bertozzi CR, Parrish CR, Willand-Charnley R. Deacetylated sialic acids modulates immune mediated cytotoxicity via the sialic acid-Siglec pathway. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1279-1294. [PMID: 34192335 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers utilize glycans to evade the immune system via the Sialic acid (Sia)-Siglec (Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) pathway. Specifically, atypical structural forms of sialic acid bind to inhibitory Siglec receptors on Natural Killer (NK) cells resulting in the suppression of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action that governs the Sia-Siglec pathway in cancers is not understood. Specifically, how deviations from the typical form of Sia mechanistically contribute. Here we focused on modulating 9-O and 7,9-O-acetylation of Neu5Ac, via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, a functional group that is absent from Sias on many types of cancer cells. The two genes that are responsible for regulating the level of acetylation on Neu5Ac, are Sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) and Sialic acid acetyltransferase (CASD1). These genes modulated Siglec binding in colon, lung, and a non-cancerous kidney cell line. In the absence of SIAE, Neu5Ac is acetylated, engagement of cancer associated Siglecs is reduced while binding was increased when the ability to acetylate was removed via CASD1 knock out. In the absence of SIAE NK mediated cytotoxicity increased in both colon and lung cancer cells. In addition to modulating Siglec binding, SIAE expression modulates the level of Sias in a cell, and the α2-6-linkage of Sias - which is specifically upregulated and associated with cancers. Uncovering how functional group alterations on Neu5Ac contribute mechanistically to both Siglec receptor binding, the Sia-Siglec immune evasion pathway, and the production of cancer associated glycosidic linkages -offers a promising avenue for targeted cancer immune therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Grabenstein
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Karen N Barnard
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109
| | - Mathias Anim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Albert Armoo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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4
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Mirza S, Hadi N, Pervaiz S, Zeb Khan S, Mokeem SA, Abduljabbar T, Al-Hamoudi N, Vohra F. Expression of HER-2/neu in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1465-1470. [PMID: 32458657 PMCID: PMC7541867 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER-2/neu is a member of the human epidermal growth factor (HER) family of transmembrane tyrosine kinases, which is significantly associated with the pathogenesis of various cancer types. The aim was to evaluate the expression of HER-2/neu in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a potential biomarker to target antigens for specific immunotherapy in OSCC. METHODS One hundred and forty histologically diagnosed OSCC cases were identified. Four to five-micrometer thick formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E). Histological grade was assessed according to WHO/Broders classification, while tumors were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification from stage I to IV. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using Rabbit monoclonal antibody against HER-2/neu (EP700Y, cell marquee and diluted 1:50). FISH was performed on positive cases using Vysis PathVysion HER-2 DNA probe (Abbott USA). Probes consist of LSI HER gene spectrum orange and control probe CEP 17 spectrum green. RESULTS In this study, males were mostly effected (64.3%) with buccal mucosa (49%) to be the commonly involved site for OSCC. Majority of cases were moderately differentiated (62.1%) and 50.7% tumors were Stage IV. HER-2/neu was found to be positive (2+) in one case of OSCC, however weak to moderate complete membrane staining was observed in >10% of the tumor cells. One hundred and thirty nine cases were HER-2/neu negative. FISH analysis of HER-2/neu positive cases also showed gene amplification (Her2-neu/ CEp 17 = 225/33 = 7.2). CONCLUSIONS The study showed disparity in the expression of HER-2/neu in OSCC, which is due to multiple reasons. Therefore therapy against HER-2/neu in OSCC is debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mirza
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Hadi
- Research and Development, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Ilamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Pervaiz
- Department of Histopathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Zeb Khan
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-Ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan
| | - Sameer A Mokeem
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Ognjenovic L, Trajkovski G, Gjoshev S, Shumkovski A, Dzambaz D, Hadzi-Manchev D, Volcevski G, Fildishevski I, Nikolova D, Petrushevska G, Janevska V, Janevski V. HER2 Positive Gastric Carcinomas and Their Clinico-Pathological Characteristics. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1187-1192. [PMID: 30087720 PMCID: PMC6062279 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: HER2 protein expression in gastric carcinoma, in correlation with existing, acknowledged prognostic factors which include the parameters that determine the TNM stage of the disease, could become the basis for ongoing research in the field of molecular targeted and personalised therapy. AIM: To determine the expression of the HER2 protein in gastric carcinoma and to correlate the expression of a HER2 protein with clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of HER2 protein expression and the parameters of the TNM classification were obtained from the histopathological reports of the Institute of Pathology in Skopje, and for the clinical stage we used patient’s files from the University Clinic for Abdominal Surgery in Skopje. RESULTS: The analysis of the correlation of HER2 protein expression and TNM classification parameters pointed out a significant correlation between HER2 protein expression and intragastric localisation of gastric carcinoma (P = 0.005), and the tumour grade of differentiation (P = 0.034). There was also a positive correlation between HER2 protein expression pattern and positive lymph nodes in patients with gastric carcinoma (P = 0.03). The expression pattern of HER2 +++ was significantly more common registered in patients with positive lymph nodes (P = 0.03) CONCLUSION: The expression of HER2 protein could represent a biological marker with prognostic and predictive value in patients with gastric carcinoma. Considering the high mortality rate in patients with gastric carcinoma and lack of international standardised therapeutic approach, research of the role and significance of HER2 overexpression and Trastuzumab therapy may prove useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Ognjenovic
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Gjorgji Trajkovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Stojan Gjoshev
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Shumkovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Darko Dzambaz
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dragan Hadzi-Manchev
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Goce Volcevski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor Fildishevski
- University Clinic for Surgery St. Naum Ohridski, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dafina Nikolova
- University Clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Gordana Petrushevska
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vesna Janevska
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vlado Janevski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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6
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Lu M, Wang T, He M, Cheng W, Yan T, Huang Z, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhu W, Zhu Y, Liu P. Tumor suppressor role of miR-3622b-5p in ERBB2-positive cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23008-23019. [PMID: 28160563 PMCID: PMC5410281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expression or amplification of ERBB2 is observed in multifarious carcinomas. However, the molecular mechanism of ERBB2 downregulation in ERBB2-positive cancers remains obscure. This experiment investigated the suppressive role of miR-3622b-5p in ERBB2-positive breast and gastric cancers. The luciferase activity of ERBB2 3′-untranslated region-based reporters constructed in HEK-293T, SK-BR-3 and MCF-10A cells suggested that ERBB2 was the target gene of miR-3622b-5p. Over-expressed miR-3622b-5p reduced the protein level of ERBB2, weakened the activation of mTORC1/S6, and induced the apoptosis of ERBB2-positive cancer cells. MiR-3622b-5p was significantly down-regulated in breast and gastric cancer tissues. This down-regulation in ERBB2-positive breast and gastric cancer tissues was more obvious than that in ERBB2-negative breast and gastric cancer tissues. MiR-3622b-5p turned ERBB2-positive cancer cells more vulnerable to the apoptosis induced by cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Taken together, miR-3622b-5p is involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of human ERBB2-positive cancer cells via targeting ERBB2/mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Lu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Mingfeng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wenfang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Huo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
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7
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Chae YK, Arya A, Chiec L, Shah H, Rosenberg A, Patel S, Raparia K, Choi J, Wainwright DA, Villaflor V, Cristofanilli M, Giles F. Challenges and future of biomarker tests in the era of precision oncology: Can we rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to select the optimal patients for matched therapy? Oncotarget 2017; 8:100863-100898. [PMID: 29246028 PMCID: PMC5725070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer development. These techniques have also fueled the rational development of targeted drugs for patient populations stratified by their genetic characteristics. These novel methods have changed the classic paradigm of diagnostic pathology; among them are IHC, FISH, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray technology. IHC and FISH detection methods for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as routine clinical practice for cancer patients. Here, we discuss general challenges related to the predictive power of these molecular biomarkers for targeted therapy in cancer medicine. We will also discuss the prospects of utilizing new biomarkers for fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET/MET) targeted therapies for developing new and robust predictive biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayush Arya
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Chiec
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiral Shah
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ari Rosenberg
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandip Patel
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Villaflor
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Kersh AE, Sasaki M, Cooper LA, Kissick HT, Pollack BP. Understanding the Impact of ErbB Activating Events and Signal Transduction on Antigen Processing and Presentation: MHC Expression as a Model. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:327. [PMID: 27729860 PMCID: PMC5052536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular pathology have changed the landscape of oncology. The ability to interrogate tissue samples for oncogene amplification, driver mutations, and other molecular alterations provides clinicians with an enormous level of detail about their patient's cancer. In some cases, this information informs treatment decisions, especially those related to targeted anti-cancer therapies. However, in terms of immune-based therapies, it is less clear how to use such information. Likewise, despite studies demonstrating the pivotal role of neoantigens in predicting responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade, it is not known if the expression of neoantigens impacts the response to targeted therapies despite a growing recognition of their diverse effects on immunity. To realize the promise of 'personalized medicine', it will be important to develop a more integrated understanding of the relationships between oncogenic events and processes governing anti-tumor immunity. One area of investigation to explore such relationships centers on defining how ErbB/HER activation and signal transduction influences antigen processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kersh
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lee A Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta VA Medical CenterDecatur, GA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Huang D, Duan H, Huang H, Tong X, Han Y, Ru G, Qu L, Shou C, Zhao Z. Cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells is associated with HER2 upregulation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20502. [PMID: 26846307 PMCID: PMC4742832 DOI: 10.1038/srep20502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin remains to be primary chemotherapeutic drug for gastric cancer patients, especially for advanced stage ones. However, primary or acquired resistance often occurs with the mechanisms being not well understood, which results in relapse of the cancer and poor survival. Herein, we found that HER2 upregulation was associated with cisplatin resistance. We observed that cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells underwent a morphological change similar to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is mediated by HER2 overexpression. When specific monoclonal antibody Herceptin, small molecular targeted drug CP724714, or small interfering RNA against HER2 was applied, the EMT-like phenotypic change was dramatically reversed. More importantly, the IC50 and Resistance Index of resistant gastric cancer cells to cisplatin were also decreased by any of these treatments.We demonstrated that expression and amplification of HER2 positively correlated with expression of EMT-related transcription factor Snail in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, for the first time, we found that HER2/Snail double positive gastric cancer patients had poorer survival than single positive or double negative counterparts, which provided experimental evidence for the necessity of HER2/Snail double testing in gastric cancer. In conclusion, this study provides some clues of the association of cisplatin resistance with HER2 upregulation-induced EMT in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Huang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongying Duan
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
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10
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Lasorsa A, Losacco M, Iacobazzi RM, Porcelli L, Azzariti A, Natile G, Arnesano F. Probing the interaction between cisplatin and the therapeutic monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin binds to the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab preferentially to the Fc fragment, leaving the antigen binding region unaffected. The two drugs are co-administered in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lasorsa
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Maurizio Losacco
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
- Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II
| | | | | | - Giovanni Natile
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Fabio Arnesano
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
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11
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Jyothi Meka N, Ugrappa S, Velpula N, Kumar S, Naik Maloth K, Kodangal S, Ch L, Goyal S. Quantitative Immunoexpression of EGFR in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:166-74. [PMID: 26697149 PMCID: PMC4682013 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Many oral squamous cell carcinomas develop from potentially malignant disorders (PMDs)which include a variety of lesions and conditions characterized by an increased risk for malignant transformation. Thisstudy evaluated the quantitative expression of EGFR in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis to predict the malignant risk in compliance with the intensity of staining with EGFR. Materials and methods. Thirty subjects were included in the study, consisting of 10 oral leukoplakia (OL), 10 oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and 10 normal oral mucosa (NOM) as the control group. Owing to the histopathological confirmation of precancerous state of tissue, 4-μm-thick sections of tissue were taken from paraffin-embedded wax blocks for immunohistochemical staining for EGFR. Results. All the control cases showed positive expression for EGFR, while 20% of oral leukoplakia and 40% of OSMF cases showed strong expression (3+), 40% of OL and 30% of OSMF cases showed weak expression (2+), and 40% of OLand 30% of OSMF cases showed poor expression (1+) compared to controls (P=0.012). Conclusion. EGFR expression levels in the premalignant lesion appear to be a sensitive factor in predicting the neoplastic potential. This suggests that EGFR may serve as a biological marker to identify high-risk subgroups and guide prophylactic therapy with chemopreventive drugs or surgical intervention to prevent progression to carcinoma. Hence, further investigations in the direction of chemopreventive trials with a larger sample size are suggested to determine its role in the head and neck tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Jyothi Meka
- Senior lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Aditya dental college, India
| | - Sridevi Ugrappa
- Lecturer, faculty of dentistry, Aimst Dental Institute, Aimst University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Nagalaxmi Velpula
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, India
| | - Sravan Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, India
| | - Kotya Naik Maloth
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mamata Dental College, India
| | - Srikanth Kodangal
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, India
| | - Lalitha Ch
- Assistant professor, department of oral medicine and radiology, Sri Sai College of dental surgery, India
| | - Stuti Goyal
- Assistant professor, department of oral medicine and radiology, Sri Sai College of dental surgery, India
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12
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Sanguedolce F, Bufo P. HER2 assessment by silver in situ hybridization: where are we now? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:385-98. [PMID: 25578771 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.992416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HER2 testing in breast and gastric cancer is critical not only as a prognostic tool but also as a predictive marker for response to the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Currently, HER2 status is assessed on histological and cytological specimens by conventional validated methods such as immunohistochemistry and FISH, while bright-field in situ hybridization techniques, such as silver in situ hybridization and chromogenic in situ hybridization, may offer performance benefits over FISH. The major points are first, technical issues, advantages and disadvantages relevant to each methods, and their clinical implications and second, the well-known genetic heterogeneity of HER2, and the occurrence of polysomy of chromosome 17. This review aims to summarize the growing body of literature on the accuracy of bright-field in situ techniques, notably silver in situ hybridization, in assessing HER2 status, and to discuss the role of such methods in pathology practice.
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13
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Pollock NI, Grandis JR. HER2 as a therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:526-33. [PMID: 25424855 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The majority of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) present with advanced-stage disease. The current standard of care is surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy or chemoradiation alone. The addition of cetuximab for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic HNSCC has improved overall survival and locoregional control; however, responses are often modest, and treatment resistance is common. A variety of therapeutic strategies are being explored to overcome cetuximab resistance by blocking candidate proteins implicated in resistance mechanisms such as HER2. Several HER2 inhibitors are in clinical development for HNSCC, and HER2-targeted therapy has been approved for several cancers. This review focuses on the biology of HER2, its role in cancer development, and the rationale for clinical investigation of HER2 targeting in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanya I Pollock
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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14
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Werner D, Battmann A, Steinmetz K, Jones T, Lamb T, Martinez M, Altmannsberger HM, Al-Batran SE. The validation of a novel method combining both HER2 immunohistochemistry and HER2 dual-colour silver in situ hybridization on one slide for gastric carcinoma testing. J Transl Med 2014; 12:160. [PMID: 24906218 PMCID: PMC4059883 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HER2 status assessment is a prerequisite for the establishment of an appropriate treatment strategy in gastric cancer. Gastric cancers are very heterogeneous and separate evaluations of gene amplification and protein expression lead to uncertainties in localizing distinct clones and are time consuming. This study evaluates the equivalence of the novel method combining both gene and protein platforms on one slide. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HER2 dual-colour silver in situ hybridization (SISH) as single methods (IHC/SISH) and gene-protein platform combining both methods on one slide (gene/protein) were performed in randomly collected 100 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. Results of IHC/SISH were compared with gene/protein staining. Results 96 of 100 samples were assessable. In the gene/protein staining, pathologists were able to assess gene amplification and consequent protein expression at the single cell level. In comparison trials, gene amplification was observed in 14.6% by both, conventional SISH and gene/protein platform (agreement 100%; Kappa-coefficient κ = 1.0). Protein expression scores by IHC were 70.8% (0), 10.4% (1+), 9.4% (2+), and 9.4% (3+). Protein expression by gene/protein method were: 70.8% (0), 11.5% (1+), 7.3% (2+) and 10.4% (3+) of patients. There were complete concordances in IHC assessment of cases with score 0 (100.0%; κ = 1). High concordances are shown in score 1+ (98.96%; κ = 0.947) and 3+ (96.88%; κ = 0.825) cases and good concordances in 2+ cases (95.83%; κ = 0.728). Conclusions This novel combined platform has the advantage of being able to evaluate both gene and the protein status in the same cancer cell and may be of particular interest for research and patient’s care. Article category Disease Biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Werner
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research (IKF) at Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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15
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Hanken H, Gaudin R, Gröbe A, Fraederich M, Eichhorn W, Smeets R, Simon R, Sauter G, Grupp K, Izbicki JR, Sehner S, Heiland M, Blessmann M. Her2 expression and gene amplification is rarely detectable in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:304-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hanken
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert Gaudin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Alexander Gröbe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Meike Fraederich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eichhorn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute for Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute for Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Jacob R. Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Susanne Sehner
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Marco Blessmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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16
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Liang JW, Zhang JJ, Zhang T, Zheng ZC. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HER2 overexpression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of the literature. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4849-58. [PMID: 24449506 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays an important role in the aggressiveness and progression of gastric cancer. With the publication of trial results, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate its prognostic significance for patients with gastric cancer. PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched. Statistical analysis was carried out by STATA version 12.0 software. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of evidence. Fifteen studies involving 5,290 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that HER2 overexpression was significantly associated with patients' overall survival (HR = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.07; Z = 6.03; P = 0.000). The results also suggested that HER2 overexpression was associated with Bormann type (odds ratio (OR) = 1.76, 95% CI 1.19-2.59; Z = 2.85; P = 0.004), tumor differentiation (OR = 3.14, 95% CI 1.91-5.17; Z = 4.49; P = 0.000), Lauren's classification (OR = 6.25, 95% CI 4.29-9.10; Z = 9.54; P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.15-1.77; Z = 3.23; P = 0.001), venous invasion (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.15-2.48; Z = 2.67; P = 0.008), and lymphovascular invasion (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.21-2.04; Z = 3.4; P = 0.001). However, it had no correlation with tumor size, depth of invasion, and tumor stage. This study showed that HER2 overexpression had an unfavorable prognostic role for patients with gastric cancer. HER2-positive expression was associated with Bormann type, Lauren's classification, tumor differentiation, lymph node status, venous invasion, and lymphovascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-wang Liang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China,
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17
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Takahashi Y, Bell D, Agarwal G, Roberts D, Xie TX, El-Naggar A, Myers JN, Hanna EY. Comprehensive assessment of prognostic markers for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2013; 36:1094-102. [PMID: 23836481 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the molecular signature of the rare tumor sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess various molecular biomarkers in SNSCC. METHODS We chose 13 markers for this study, which have been known as prognostic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of these markers was examined by either in situ hybridization or immunohistochemical methods on tissue microarrays made from 70 SNSCC specimens and 28 matched-pair normal tissues from patients who underwent surgical resection at our institution. Expression data were correlated with patient clinicopathologic parameters and survival. RESULTS Of the 13 markers, only epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression was associated with significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS; p = .01307). EGFR expression was also associated with shorter overall survival (OS), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Targeted inhibition of tumor EGFR expression may be a new approach to treating SNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Janjigian YY, Werner D, Pauligk C, Steinmetz K, Kelsen DP, Jäger E, Altmannsberger HM, Robinson E, Tafe LJ, Tang LH, Shah MA, Al-Batran SE. Prognosis of metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer by HER2 status: a European and USA International collaborative analysis. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2656-2662. [PMID: 22689179 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - D Werner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Research, Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center, Frankfurt
| | - C Pauligk
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Research, Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center, Frankfurt
| | - K Steinmetz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Research, Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center, Frankfurt
| | - D P Kelsen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - E Jäger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Research, Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center, Frankfurt
| | | | - E Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - L J Tafe
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - L H Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - M A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - S-E Al-Batran
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Research, Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center, Frankfurt.
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19
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Ruan J, Song H, Qian Q, Li C, Wang K, Bao C, Cui D. HER2 monoclonal antibody conjugated RNase-A-associated CdTe quantum dots for targeted imaging and therapy of gastric cancer. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7093-102. [PMID: 22796163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Successful development of safe and effective nanoprobes for targeted imaging and selective therapy of in-situ gastric cancer is a great challenge. Herein, one kind of multifunctional HER2 monoclonal antibody conjugated RNase A-associated CdTe quantum dot cluster (HER2-RQDs) nanoprobes was prepared, its cytotoxicity was evaluated. Subcutaneous gastric cancer nude mouse models and in-situ gastric cancer SCID mouse models were established, and were intravenously injected HER2-RQDs nanoprobes, the bio-distribution and therapeutic effects of HER2-RQDs in vivo were evaluated. Results showed that HER2-RQDs nanoprobes could selectively kill gastric cancer MGC803 cells, could target imaging subcutaneous gastric cancer cells at 3 h post-injection, and in-situ gastric cancer cells at 6 h post-injection, and could inhibit the growth of gastric cancer tissues and extended survival time of gastric cancer bearing mouse models, which is closely associated with destroying functional RNAs in cytoplasm by RNase A released from HER2-RQDs nanoprobes, preventing protein synthesis and inducing cell apoptosis. High-performance HER2-RQDs nanoprobes exhibit great potential in applications such as in-situ gastric cancer targeted imaging, and selective therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ruan
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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20
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Wang D, Su L, Huang D, Zhang H, Shin DM, Chen ZG. Downregulation of E-Cadherin enhances proliferation of head and neck cancer through transcriptional regulation of EGFR. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:116. [PMID: 21939503 PMCID: PMC3192774 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported to downregulate E-cadherin (E-cad); however, whether the downregulation of E-cad has any effect on EGFR expression has not been elucidated. Our previous studies have found an inverse correlation between EGFR and E-cad expression in tissue specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). To understand the biological mechanisms underlying this clinical observation, we knocked down E-cad expression utilizing E-cad siRNA in four SCCHN cell lines. Results It was observed that downregulation of E-cad upregulated EGFR expression compared with control siRNA-transfected cells after 72 hours. Cellular membrane localization of EGFR was also increased. Consequently, downstream signaling molecules of the EGFR signaling pathway, p-AKT, and p-ERK, were increased at 72 hours after the transfection with E-cad siRNA. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed EGFR mRNA was upregulated by E-cad siRNA as early as 24 hours. In addition, RT-PCR revealed this upregulation was due to the increase of EGFR mRNA stability, but not protein stability. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay indicated growth of E-cad knocked down cells was enhanced up to 2-fold more than that of control siRNA-transfected cells at 72-hours post-transfection. The effect of E-cad reduction on cell proliferation was blocked by treating the E-cad siRNA-transfected cells with 1 μM of the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. Conclusion Our results suggest for the first time that reduction of E-cad results in upregulation of EGFR transcriptionally. It also suggests that loss of E-cad may induce proliferation of SCCHN by activating EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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The involvement of CHD5 hypermethylation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:601-8. [PMID: 21636313 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (CHD5) has been found to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in malignant neural tumors. In mice heterozygous for chd5 deficiency, the first tumor observed was pathological squamous cell carcinoma. More than 95% of primary laryngeal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, we explored the expression of CHD5 in 65 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. DNA methylation was detected using bisulfate-specific sequencing. The potential function of CHD5 was determined using MTT, apoptosis and transwell migration assays in CHD5-transfected Hep-2 cells. Our results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CHD5 in LSCC tissues were significantly lower than those in clear surgical margin tissues (p<0.05), and there is a significant correlation between the mRNA and protein expression levels of CHD5 (p<0.01). In addition, there were significant differences in CHD5 mRNA and protein levels with respect to the patient's clinical stage (p<0.05). Aberrant methylation of the CHD5 promoter was frequently found in the Hep-2 cell line and LSCC tumor tissues, especially tumor tissues from advanced TNM (p<0.05) or older patients (p<0.05). Finally, ectopic expression of CHD5 in laryngeal cancer cells led to significant inhibition of growth and invasiveness. Our data suggest that CHD5 is a tumor suppressor gene that is epigenetically downregulated in LSCC.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discuss how understanding and manipulation of tumor genetics information and technology shapes cancer care today and what changes might be expected in the near future. DATA SOURCES Published articles, web resources, clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Advances in our understanding of genes and their regulation provide a promise of more personalized cancer care, allowing selection of the most safe and effective therapy in an individual situation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Rapid progress in the technology of tumor profiling and targeted cancer therapies challenges nurses to keep up-to-date to provide quality patient education and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen M Goetsch
- Virginia Mason Medical Center Cancer Institute, 1100 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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23
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Moelans CB, van Diest PJ, Milne ANA, Offerhaus GJA. Her-2/neu testing and therapy in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 2011:674182. [PMID: 21188213 PMCID: PMC3005843 DOI: 10.4061/2011/674182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite ongoing advances in the treatment of gastroesophageal cancer, prognosis remains poor. The best promise to improve this poor survival is provided by new targeted agents. Of these, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is currently in the spotlight. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments in HER2 testing and results of clinical trials targeting HER2 in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Based on the encouraging ToGA trial findings it is now expected that routine HER2 testing will be included in the diagnostic work-up of patients with advanced gastric cancer. With regard to this testing, overexpression of the HER2 protein seems to possess the best predictive properties. However, HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is subject to assay and interobserver variability, so standardization and internal and external proficiency testing is an absolute prerequisite, especially as the IHC scoring system in gastric cancer is different from that of breast cancer. Further study is needed to investigate the clinical meaning of the significant heterogeneity observed in both gene amplification and protein overexpression in gastroesophageal cancer. Highly effective therapies for gastroesophageal cancer can only be accomplished by a multi-targeted approach, considering crosstalk between pathways and continuing to optimize chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lin SX, Chen J, Mazumdar M, Poirier D, Wang C, Azzi A, Zhou M. Molecular therapy of breast cancer: progress and future directions. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2010; 6:485-93. [PMID: 20644568 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death in Western women, with a 10% lifetime risk of the disease. Most breast cancers are estrogen-dependent. Molecular therapies for breast cancer have developed rapidly in the past few decades and future treatment strategies are being investigated. The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen, which until now has served as a standard therapy, functions not only as an estrogen antagonist but also as an estrogen agonist in terms of bone maintenance. Aromatase inhibitors have performed well in international trials and have become a new standard therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancer. The systematic study of estrogen activation pathways suggests that the enzymes steroid sulfatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, which both have pivotal roles in estrogen biosynthesis, are promising targets; the results of a phase I trial of steroid sulfatase inhibitors are encouraging. The activity of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) pathway correlates negatively with that of the ER. HER2 is overexpressed in 22% of all breast cancers. In the decade since HER2 began being targeted, the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has been used as well as pertuzumab and HER2 vaccines. Among the estrogen-independent breast cancers, the basal-like subtype has low survival, and therapeutic improvement is a priority. Crosstalk between ER and HER2 signaling pathways means that combinatory therapies may hold the key to enhancement of treatment responses. Other molecular therapies involving functional genomics and RNA interference studies also hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHUL (CHUQ) Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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AC480, formerly BMS-599626, a pan Her inhibitor, enhances radiosensitivity and radioresponse of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:554-61. [PMID: 20119866 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the effect of AC480, a small molecule pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on in vitro radiosensitivity and in vivo radioresponse of a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. METHODS HN-5 cells were exposed to γ-radiation with and without AC480 and assayed for proliferation, clonogenic survival, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and DNA damage. The cells were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting for proteins involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and the EGFR pathway. The effect of AC480 on tumor radioresponse was assessed by tumor growth delay assay using HN5 tumor xenografts generated in nude mice. RESULTS At the molecular level, in HN-5 cells the agent inhibited the expression of pEGFR, pHER2, cyclins D and E, pRb, pAkt, pMAPK, pCDK1 and 2, CDK 6, and Ku70 proteins. The drug also induced accumulation of cells in the G1 cell cycle phase, inhibited cell growth, enhanced radiosensitivity, and prolonged the presence of γ-H₂AX foci up to 24 h after radiation. AC480 did not increase the percentage of cells undergoing radiation-induced apoptosis. The drug given before and during irradiation improved the radioresponse of HN5 tumors in vivo. CONCLUSION AC480 significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of HN-5 cells, expressing both EGFR and Her2. The mechanisms involved in the enhancement included cell cycle redistribution and inhibition of DNA repair. Both in vitro and in vivo data from our study suggest that AC480 has potential to increase tumor response to radiotherapy.
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Her-2 immunohistochemical expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas is associated with polysomy of chromosome 17, not Her-2 amplification. Head Neck Pathol 2009; 3:263-70. [PMID: 20596843 PMCID: PMC2811573 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-009-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on the prognostic role of Her-2 amplification and protein overexpression in breast cancer, various studies have been performed in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) with inconsistent results. As in invasive breast carcinomas Her-2 overexpression has been related to an increased number of chromosome 17 copies, a common chromosomal alteration in OSCC, we evaluated the association between polysomy 17 and Her-2 protein expression in a series of primary OSCC. Forty-one incisional biopsies of primary OSCC were included in the study. Protein expression was evaluated immunochistochemically with CB11 mouse monoclonal anti-human antibody. The reaction was arbitrarily characterized as absent, faint, moderate, and strong, and staining pattern as cytoplasmic and membranous. Positive cases were analyzed by chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) to access Her-2 status. The association between polysomy 17 and Her-2 expression was checked by Fisher's exact test. Four cases were negative and 37 cases were positive for Her-2. Staining was faint in 15 cases and moderate in 22 cases. CISH showed that all cases with faint staining were diploid, while from the cases with moderate staining 10 were diploid and 12 polysomic for chromosome 17. Thirteen cases showed purely cytoplasmic staining, while in 24 there were areas of both cytoplasmic and membranous staining. There was a statistically significant correlation between intensity of the reaction and polysomy 17 (P = 0.0036), in particular for cases with both cytoplasmic and membranous staining (P = 0.0128). In some OSCC Her-2 immunohistochemical expression may be associated with chromosome 17 polysomy and not Her-2 amplification.
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Gravalos C, Jimeno A. HER2 in gastric cancer: a new prognostic factor and a novel therapeutic target. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1523-9. [PMID: 18441328 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world and its management, especially in advanced stages, has evolved relatively little. In particular, no targeted modality has so far been incorporated to its treatment armamentarium. HER2 overexpression is increasingly recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality, driven as in breast cancer by gene amplification. There is mounting evidence of the role of HER2 overexpression in patients with gastric cancer, and it has been solidly correlated to poor outcomes and a more aggressive disease. Additionally, preclinical data are showing significant antitumor efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies (particularly monoclonal antibodies directed towards the protein) in in vitro and in vivo models of gastric cancer. As a result, several clinical trials are exploring in different settings and with diverse designs the potential of anti-HER2 therapies in gastric cancer patients. This review summarizes the rationale, preclinical evidence, retrospective clinical analyses, and the interim clinical data pertaining HER2 therapies in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gravalos
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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Hasegawa Y, Goto M, Hanai N, Ijichi K, Terada A, Hyodo I, Ogawa T, Fukushima M. Prediction of chemosensitivity using multigene analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology 2008; 73:104-11. [PMID: 18337622 DOI: 10.1159/000120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The main purpose of the current study was to find predictive biomarkers that can be routinely used for the response to chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS From this standpoint, we selected the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) to assess in vitro chemosensitivity, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to investigate the gene expression profile of individual tumors as available predictive biomarkers. Using both surgery and biopsy specimens, we analyzed their gene expression profiles using the 18 markers that we thought were likely predictors of the response to anti-cancer agents. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity in HDRA and HER-2 mRNA expression level (p = 0.0030). Moreover, HER-2 expression was significantly associated with cisplatin sensitivity (p = 0.0089). Cisplatin sensitivity in HDRA was also demonstrated to have a significant association with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in which the group with cisplatin resistance tended to have a higher expression level than the sensitive group (p = 0.0385). CONCLUSION HER-2 and EGFR may be possible reliable predictive biomarkers for anti-cancer therapy, and might help in the decision-making process for individual patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Hasegawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.
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Angiero F, Sordo RD, Dessy E, Rossi E, Berenzi A, Stefani M, Sidoni A. Comparative analysis of c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: does over-expression exist? And what is its correlation with traditional diagnostic parameters? J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 37:145-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barnes CJ, Ohshiro K, Rayala SK, El-Naggar AK, Kumar R. Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor as a Therapeutic Target in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4291-9. [PMID: 17634559 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-IR) plays critical roles in epithelial cancer cell development, proliferation, motility, and survival, and new therapeutic agents targeting IGF-IR are in development. Another receptor tyrosine kinase, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is an established therapeutic target in head and neck cancer and IGF-IR/EGFR heterodimerization has been reported in other epithelial cancers. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of anti-IGF-IR therapeutic targeting on cell signaling and cancer cell phenotypes in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The therapeutic efficacy of the human anti-IGF-IR antibody IMC-A12 alone and in combination with the EGFR blocking antibody cetuximab (C225) was tested in SCCHN cell lines and in tumor xenografts. RESULTS IGF-IR was overexpressed in human head and neck cancer cell lines and tumors. Pretreatment of serum-starved 183A or TU159 SCCHN cell lines with A12 (10 microg/mL) blocked IGF-stimulated activation of IGF-IR, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. A12 induced G(0)-G(1) cell cycle arrest and blocked cell growth, motility, and anchorage-independent growth. Stimulation of head and neck cancer cells with either IGF or EGF resulted in IGF-IR and EGFR heterodimerization, but only IGF caused activating phosphorylation of both receptors. Combined treatment with A12 and the EGFR blocking antibody C225 was more effective at reducing cell proliferation and migration than either agent alone. Finally, TU159 tongue cancer cell xenografts grown in athymic nude mice were treated thrice weekly for 4 weeks with vehicle, A12 (40 mg/kg i.p.), C225 (40 mg/kg i.p.), or both agents (n=8 mice per group; 2 tumors per mouse). Linear regression slope analysis showed significant differences in median tumor volume over time between all three treatment groups and the control group. Complete regression was seen in 31% (A12), 31% (C225), and 44% (A12 + C225) of tumors. CONCLUSION Here we found the overexpression of IGF-IR, the functional heterodimerization of IGF-IR and EGFR, and effective therapeutic targeting of these receptors in human head and neck cancer xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Barnes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Lin CJ, Grandis JR, Carey TE, Gollin SM, Whiteside TL, Koch WM, Ferris RL, Lai SY. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: established models and rationale for selection. Head Neck 2007; 29:163-88. [PMID: 17312569 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines are important preclinical models in the search for novel and targeted therapies to treat head and neck cancer. Unlike many other cancer types, a wide variety of primary and metastatic HNSCC cell lines are available. An easily accessible guide that organizes important characteristics of HNSCC cell lines would be valuable for the selection of appropriate HNSCC cell lines for in vitro or in vivo studies. METHODS A literature search was performed. RESULTS Cell growth and culture parameters from HNSCC cell lines were catalogued into tables or lists of selected characteristics. Methods for establishing cancer cell lines and basic cell culture maintenance techniques were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS A compendium of HNSCC cell line characteristics is useful for organizing the accumulating information regarding cell line characteristics to assist investigators with the development of appropriate preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Ganly I, Talbot S, Carlson D, Viale A, Maghami E, Osman I, Sherman E, Pfister D, Chuai S, Shaha AR, Kraus D, Shah JP, Socci ND, Singh B. Identification of angiogenesis/metastases genes predicting chemoradiotherapy response in patients with laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:1369-76. [PMID: 17416856 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.05.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify genes related to angiogenesis/metastasis that predict locoregional failure in patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer (LPC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT) treatment. METHODS Tumor tissue was collected and snap-frozen from 35 sequential patients with histologically confirmed LPC being treated with CRT. Gene expression analysis was performed using a novel cDNA array consisting of 277 genes functionally associated with angiogenesis (n = 152) and/or metastasis (n = 125). Locoregional response was correlated to the gene expression profiles to identify genes associated with outcome. These genes were internally validated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and validated externally by immunohistochemistry analysis on an independent set of patients. RESULTS Locoregional failure occurred in nine of 35 patients. Seventeen genes from the cDNA microarray correlated with locoregional failure (two-sample t test, P < .05). Seven genes were chosen for additional analysis based on the availability of antibodies for immunohistochemistry. Of these seven genes, real-time RT-PCR validated four genes: MDM2, VCAM-1, erbB2, and H-ras (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = .008, .02, .04, and .04, respectively). External validation by immunohistochemistry confirmed MDM2 and erbB2 as being predictive of locoregional response. Controlling for stage of disease, positivity for MDM2 or erbB2 was an independent negative predictor of locoregional disease-free survival. CONCLUSION Genomic screening by cDNA microarray and validation internally by real-time RT-PCR and externally by immunohistochemistry have identified two genes (MDM2 and erbB2) as predictors of locoregional failure in LPC patients treated with CRT. The role of these genes in treatment selection and the functional basis for their activity in CRT response merit additional consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ganly
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Cavalot A, Martone T, Roggero N, Brondino G, Pagano M, Cortesina G. Prognostic impact ofHER-2/neu expression on squamous head and neck carcinomas. Head Neck 2007; 29:655-64. [PMID: 17315173 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER-2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression have been identified in various solid tumors, but its prognostic relevance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still controversial. METHODS The study investigated the expression of HER-2/neu oncoprotein in HNSCC and sought possible correlations to various clinicopathologic parameters. Expression of HER-2/neu oncoprotein was assessed in archival tumor tissues from 87 untreated HNSCC patients by immunohistochemical technique. Data were correlated with both the clinicopathologic parameters and patient survival. RESULTS A high membranous HER-2/neu protein expression level was found in 39% of patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that HER-2/neu protein expression and pN lymph-node status were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS HER2/neu overexpression and its relationship with survival suggest that new therapeutic approaches targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family receptors could provide a new way of treating HNSCC patients with HER2/neu-positive neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cavalot
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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de Aguiar AFC, Kowalski LP, de Almeida OP. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients with early local recurrence. Oral Oncol 2006; 43:593-601. [PMID: 17070093 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Early local recurrence is one of the main causes of treatment failure after definitive therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), contributing significantly for the relative low survival rates of this neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, histological and molecular factors involved in early local recurrence of OSCC, which may lead to better risk assessment in some specific cases. Twenty-seven patients with early recurrent OSCC were matched with 54 patients with the same clinical stage and tumor site but without local recurrence, in a pair-matched study design. All cases were evaluated in relation to the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, p53, bcl-2, FAS, Erb-B2, beta-catenin, and E-cadherin. The variables associated with ELR were alcohol consumption (p=0.019), treatment performed (p=0.041), and expression of Ki-67 (p=0.028), FAS (p=0.005) and membrane beta-catenin (p=0.026). The multivariate survival analysis (Cox regression) showed that surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy [OR=0.26 (95% CI, 0.1-0.6)] and FAS expression [OR=0.21 (95% CI, 0.1-0.5)] had a significant effect for ELR development. Radiotherapy had no significant impact on patients' overall survival. Therefore, both treatment and molecular characteristics of the tumor seem to be involved in early local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanajás Francisco Carlos de Aguiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Semiology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira 901, Cx. Postal 52, 13414-018 Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
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Ben-Yosef R, Marmor S, Starr A, Matceyevsky D, Khafif A, Vexler A. ErbB4 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Target Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-006-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thomas GR, Nadiminti H, Regalado J. Molecular predictors of clinical outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 86:347-63. [PMID: 16309541 PMCID: PMC2517451 DOI: 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2005.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involves the upper aerodigestive tract and can destroy the structure and function of organs involved in voice, speech, taste, smell and hearing, as well as vital structures necessary for survival. HNSCC has long been a treatment challenge because of the high rate of recurrences and of advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Molecular identification of tissue biomarkers in diagnostic biopsy specimens may not only identify patients at risk for developing HNSCC but may also select patients that may benefit from more aggressive treatment modalities. Several biomarkers studied to date such as the proteins p53, cyclin D1, p16, Cox-2 enzyme, epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, matrix metalloproteinases and the Fhit marker for genomic instability could be manipulated for the therapeutic benefit of these patients. This review presents the most updated information on molecular biomarkers with the greatest prognostic potential in HNSCC and discusses some factors that contribute to the controversy concerning their prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana R Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Li M, Wang Z, Wieand HS, Grandis JR, Shin DM. Simultaneously targeting epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and cyclooxygenase-2, an efficient approach to inhibition of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:5930-9. [PMID: 15355926 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) contribute to development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Simultaneously blocking both EGFR and Cox-2-mediated pathways may be an efficient means of inhibiting cancer cell growth in SCCHN. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A combination of EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) AG1478 or ZD1839 (Iressa or gefitinib) with a Cox-2 inhibitor (Cox-2I) celecoxib (Celebrex) was studied for its effects on cell growth, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in SCCHN cell lines by cell growth assay, clonogenic assay, flow cytometric analysis, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay. A potential effect of EGFR TKIs and Cox-2I on angiogenesis was examined by endothelial capillary tube formation assay. Primary and secondary targets of EGFR TKIs and Cox-2I were also examined using immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation after the combined treatment. RESULTS The combination of AG1478 or ZD1839 with celecoxib either additively or synergistically inhibited growth of the five SCCHN cell lines examined, significantly induced G(1) arrest and apoptosis, and suppressed capillary formation of endothelium. Furthermore, the combination showed strong reductions of p-EGFR, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p-Akt in SCCHN cells as compared with the single agents. Both AG1478 and ZD1839 inhibited expression of Cox-2 protein, whereas celecoxib mainly blocked the production of prostaglandin E(2). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cell growth inhibition induced by a combination of EGFR TKIs and Cox-2I is mediated through simultaneously blocking EGFR and Cox-2 pathways. This combination holds a great potential for the treatment and/or prevention of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Kluger HM, DiVito K, Berger AJ, Halaban R, Ariyan S, Camp RL, Rimm DL. Her2/neu is not a commonly expressed therapeutic target in melanoma – a large cohort tissue microarray study. Melanoma Res 2004; 14:207-10. [PMID: 15179190 DOI: 10.1097/01.cmr.0000130874.33504.2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most chemotherapy-resistant malignancies. Numerous new agents have been developed that target specific molecules on cancer cells, including the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, which targets Her2/neu and has been very beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer. There are conflicting reports in the literature about Her2/neu expression in melanoma specimens, but all of the cohorts studied have been small. We therefore examined Her2/neu expression in a very large cohort of melanoma specimens in order to determine the value of exploring trastuzumab therapy for melanoma patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on two tissue microarrays, together containing 600 intact specimens. Expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively and correlated with tumour stage and other clinicopathological data. Of the 600 specimens in the cohort, 31 patients (5.2%) had positive Her2/neu expression. Among the primary cutaneous specimens (n=269), 7% had positive Her2/neu staining, while 3.6% of the recurrent or metastatic specimens (n=331) had positive Her2/neu staining (P=0.06). Among the primary lesions there was no significant correlation between Her2/neu expression, Clark level and ulceration; however, Her2/neu expression was associated with lesions with a Breslow depth of < 2 mm (P=0.05). Using this very large cohort of melanoma specimens, we found only a few cases with aberrant Her2/neu expression, many of them being primary cutaneous lesions rather than recurrent or metastatic lesions. Our findings suggest that drugs that specifically target Her2/neu are not likely to be useful for the treatment of metastatic melanoma or as adjuvant therapy for melanoma patients at high risk for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet M Kluger
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Ulanovski D, Stern Y, Roizman P, Shpitzer T, Popovtzer A, Feinmesser R. Expression of EGFR and Cerb-B2 as prognostic factors in cancer of the tongue. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:532-7. [PMID: 15006627 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is sometimes associated with local recurrence and regional metastases despite adequate surgical excision. The present study sought to determine if epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Cerb-B2 expression has prognostic or predictive value in SCC of the tongue, as with other epithelial malignancies. The study sample comprised of 27 patients with carcinoma of the tongue who underwent partial glossectomy and neck dissection between 1990 and 1999. Average follow-up was 54 months. Specimens from 23 patients were analyzed for growth factor expression using monoclonal antibodies specific for EGFR and Cerb-B2. Findings were correlated with the clinical course. EGFR and Cerb-B2 were expressed in 34% and 17% of the specimens, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between EGFR expression and tumor differentiation, and a borderline correlation between Cerb-B2 expression and T stage. No association was found between growth factor expression and tumor depth, lymph node status, extracapsular invasion, recurrence, or survival. Overexpression of EGFR and Cerb-B2 cannot serve as a prognostic factor or predictor of survival and treatment success in SCC of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulanovski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva 49100, Israel
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Ang KK, Andratschke NH, Milas L. Epidermal growth factor receptor and response of head-and-neck carcinoma to therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:959-65. [PMID: 14967456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Revised: 07/10/2003] [Accepted: 07/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present an overview of the significance of erbB tyrosine kinase family members as prognostic-predictive factors and as targets of therapeutic intervention in patients with head-and-neck carcinomas (HNCs). METHODS AND MATERIALS The data of clinical studies addressing the correlation between the expression of erbB family tyrosine kinases, particularly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the prognosis and pattern of failure were reviewed, along with the response of HNCs to EGFR antagonists such as a chimeric monoclonal antibody and a couple of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. RESULTS Correlative biomarker studies showed that most HNCs express high levels of EGFR and/or other members of the erbB family. Several studies have demonstrated that patients with EGFR-overexpressing tumors had significantly worse overall survival. Compelling evidence has emerged showing that EGFR-overexpressing HNCs respond more poorly to radiotherapy (RT), although data of its impact on the response to chemotherapy are scarce. Clinical studies have so far showed that tyrosine kinase inhibitors have rather limited antitumor activities when given alone. Stimulated by promising preclinical data, the value of EGFR antagonists in the combined modality setting, particularly with RT, is being addressed in clinical trials. CONCLUSION Members of the erbB receptor tyrosine kinase family, particularly EGFR, were found to be a strong biomarker for poor prognosis and HNC resistance to RT. The available data showed that EGFR antagonists given as single modality therapies yield rather limited antitumor activity. The results of trials testing the efficacy of combining EGFR antagonist with RT or chemotherapy will emerge within the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kian Ang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Rait AS, Pirollo KF, Ulick D, Cullen K, Chang EH. HER-2-targeted antisense oligonucleotide results in sensitization of head and neck cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1002:78-89. [PMID: 14751825 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1281.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Existing HER-2 targeted therapies for human head and neck cancers, usually administered in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or irradiation, include monoclonal antibodies to HER-2, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and HER-2 specific immunotoxins. Instead of targeting the existing protein, interference with HER-2 mRNA translation by antisense oligonucleotides may be a more efficient method to downregulate levels of HER-2 protein for combination therapy. To test this hypothesis we have used a phosphorothioate pentadecamer, complementary to the HER-2 mRNA initiation codon region (AS HER-2 ODN), to increase sensitivity to four chemotherapeutic agents in human head and neck cancer cell lines, all of which express low levels of the HER-2 protein. To improve delivery into tumor cells, the AS HER-2 ODN was complexed with our previously established folate-liposome delivery system. Cell survival assays and Western blot analysis data demonstrated that folate-liposome mediated AS HER-2 oligonucleotide treatment inhibited cell growth and HER-2 expression, and induced apoptosis in SCC-25CP cells. Moreover, there was a synergistic effect on the percent of apoptotic cells. Additionally, the combination of folate-liposome-AS HER-2 ODN and CDDP had a synergistic effect on the induction of apoptosis. Using confocal microscopy, FITC labeled ODN (FITC-ODN) in complex with folate-liganded, rhodamine (Rh) labeled, cationic liposomes was observed to enter SCC-25CP head and neck tumor cells within 3 to 6 h. Intracellularly, the FITC-ODN separated from the Rh-folate-liposomes, and FITC-ODN accumulated in the nucleus while Rh-liposomes remained in punctate cytoplasmic structures. Thus, folate-liposome-mediated delivery of AS HER-2 ODN has potential as a new means of increasing the responsiveness of head and neck cancer to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina S Rait
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sauter
- Institut of Pathology, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Scheer M, Prange W, Petmecky K, Schirmacher P, Zöller JE, Kübler AC. [Evaluation of her-2/neu amplification/overexpression in OSCC with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry]. MUND-, KIEFER- UND GESICHTSCHIRURGIE : MKG 2003; 7:138-45. [PMID: 12764679 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-003-0460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human epidermal growth factor receptor ( her-2/ neu) protooncogene encodes a membrane tyrosine kinase with homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Amplification and protein overexpression have been identified in various solid tumors and a significant association with poor clinical outcome was reported. This investigation was performed to assess the frequency of her-2/ neu overexpression and to compare these results with clinical outcome in OSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Archival biopsy specimens from 97 untreated OSCCs were evaluated using a polyclonal antibody A0485 (Dako). Only membrane staining intensity and pattern were evaluated according to the guidelines of the clinical trial assay recommendations (0-3+) for breast carcinoma. Score 0 and 1+ were interpreted as negative for HER-2/NEU protein overexpression and 2+ and 3+ as positive. FISH analysis with directly labeled probes for her-2/ neu and chromosome 17 was performed on the same specimens. The ratio between her-2/ neu and chromosome 17 signals was calculated after selection of 20-40 non-overlapping tumor cells. The tumor was considered amplified if the ratio was above 2. RESULTS In 11 out of 97 biopsies (11.3%) membranous overexpression (score 2+ and 3+) of her-2/ neu was shown by immunohistochemistry. FISH analysis in 42 cases revealed amplification in 14 cases. Concordance between immunohistochemistry and FISH was found in 86%. Clinical-pathological data as well as survival revealed no correlation with her-2/ neu status. DISCUSSION In spite of missing correlation between survival and her-2/ neu overexpression in our study, the predictive value of the her-2/ neu protooncogene in adjuvant therapy in OSCC needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scheer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9, 50935, Köln,
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Kiessling R, Wei WZ, Herrmann F, Lindencrona JA, Choudhury A, Kono K, Seliger B. Cellular immunity to the Her-2/neu protooncogene. Adv Cancer Res 2003; 85:101-44. [PMID: 12374283 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(02)85004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Her-2/neu (HER-2) is a 185-kDa receptor-like glycoprotein that is overexpressed by a variety of tumors such as breast, ovarian, gastric, and colorectal carcinomas. Overexpression of this oncogene is directly associated with malignant transformation of epithelial cells. The frequency of HER-2 overexpression varies among the different types of cancers, but universally represents a marker of poor prognosis. The critical role of HER-2 in epithelial oncogenesis as well as its selective overexpression on malignant tissues makes it an ideal target for immunotherapy. Antibodies and T cells reactive to HER-2 are known to naturally occur in patients with HER-2 positive tumors, confirming the immunogenicity of the molecule. Both antibodies as well as T cells reactive to HER-2 have been utilized for immunotherapy of HER-2 positive tumors. The "humanized" monoclonal antibody Herceptin has been tested in several clinical trials and found to be an effective adjuvant therapy for HER-2 positive breast and ovarian cancer patients. However, the frequency of patients responding to Herceptin is limited and a majority of patients initially responding to Herceptin develop resistance within a year of treatment. The use of vaccination strategies that generate T cell responses with or without accompanying antibody responses may serve to mitigate the problem. Various strategies for generating T cell-mediated responses against HER-2 are currently being examined in animal models or in clinical trials. The potential advantages of the various approaches to immunotherapy, their pitfalls, and the mechanisms by which HER-2 positive tumors can evade immune responses are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Leong PL, Andrews GA, Johnson DE, Dyer KF, Xi S, Mai JC, Robbins PD, Gadiparthi S, Burke NA, Watkins SF, Grandis JR. Targeted inhibition of Stat3 with a decoy oligonucleotide abrogates head and neck cancer cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:4138-43. [PMID: 12640143 PMCID: PMC153061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0534764100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is constitutively activated in a variety of cancers including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Previous investigations have demonstrated that activated Stat3 contributes to a loss of growth control and transformation. To investigate the therapeutic potential of blocking Stat3 in cancer cells, we developed a transcription factor decoy to selectively abrogate activated Stat3. The Stat3 decoy was composed of a 15-mer double-stranded oligonucleotide, which corresponded closely to the Stat3 response element within the c-fos promoter. The Stat3 decoy bound specifically to activated Stat3 and blocked binding of Stat3 to a radiolabeled Stat3 binding element. By contrast, a mutated version of the decoy that differed by only a single base pair did not bind the activated Stat3 protein. Treatment of head and neck cancer cells with the Stat3 decoy inhibited proliferation and Stat3-mediated gene expression, but did not decrease the proliferation of normal oral keratinocytes. Thus, disruption of activated Stat3 by using a transcription factor decoy approach may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers characterized by constitutive Stat3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Leong
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Abstract
It is well known that growth factors play an important role in normal cell proliferation by means of stimulation of growth factor receptors located on the surface of cells. Tumor cells express high levels of growth factor receptors that can theoretically serve as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Tyrosine kinase (type 1) growth factor receptors include the family of erbB receptors. The most extensively studied receptor in the erbB family is the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), also known as erbB1. Studies have shown that overexpression of EGFR is involved in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Blocking this receptor in HNSCC cell lines and animal models inhibits tumor growth. Strategies have been developed to target EGFR, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase-specific inhibitors, ligand-linked immunotoxins, and antisense approaches. Laboratory studies and clinical trials are under way to explore the safety and efficacy of these various approaches in a variety of cancers, including HNSCC. Preliminary results from early phase clinical trials are encouraging and may lead to the incorporation of these EGFR targeting strategies into the management of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Carter Ford
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Stats (signal transducer and activator of transcription) are latent transcription factors that translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Constitutive activation of Stat3 alpha by upstream oncoproteins and receptor tyrosine kinases has been found in many human tumors and tumor-derived cell lines. Constitutively activated Stat3 alpha is often correlated with the activation of ErbB-2, a member of the EGFR family. To explore the involvement of ErbB-2 in the activation of Stat3 and the mechanism underlying this event, an ErbB-2 point mutant was used as a model of constitutively activated receptor. Phenylalanine mutations (Y-->F) were made in the autophosphorylation sites of the receptor, and their ability to activate Stat3 alpha was evaluated. Our results suggest that Stat3 alpha and JAK2 associates with ErbB-2 prior to phosphorylation of the receptor and that full activation of Stat3 alpha by ErbB-2 requires the participation of other non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Both Src and Jak2 kinases contribute to the activation of Stat3 alpha but Src binds to ErbB-2 only when the receptor is phosphorylated. Our results also suggest that tyrosine 1139 may be important for Src homology 2 domain association because a mutant lacking this tyrosine reduces the ability of the Src homology 2 domain to bind to ErbB-2 and significantly decreases its ability to activate Stat3 alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is overexpressed/amplified in a range of tumor types including breast, ovarian, bladder, salivary gland, endometrial, pancreatic and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HER2 is implicated in disease initiation and progression, associated with poor prognosis, and may also predict the response to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been designed to specifically antagonize the function of the HER2 receptor in HER2-positive tumors. Clinical phase II and III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of the humanized anti-HER2 MAb, trastuzumab (Herceptin), both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in HER2-positive, metastatic breast cancer patients. However, the prevalence of HER2 overexpression/amplification in various tumor types raises the possibility of using anti-HER2 MAbs to antagonize the abnormal function of overexpressed HER2 receptors in HER2-positive tumors other than breast. Preliminary in vitro studies indicate that anti-HER2 MAbs suppress the proliferation of ovarian, gastric and NSCLC cell lines that overexpress the HER2 receptor. These results indicate that anti-HER2 MAbs may have important therapeutic significance in patients presenting with these or other human carcinomas. Clinical trials are either planned or underway to assess the therapeutic role of trastuzumab in NSCLC, bladder and ovarian cancer.
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Ménard S, Casalini P, Campiglio M, Pupa S, Agresti R, Tagliabue E. HER2 overexpression in various tumor types, focussing on its relationship to the development of invasive breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2002; 12 Suppl 1:S15-9. [PMID: 11521715 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_1.s15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, poor standardization in HER2 status evaluation has precluded reliable comparison of overexpression rates in different tumors. However, standardized methodologies have been introduced recently for these analyses, and have identified frequencies of 51%, 44%, 26% and 25% in Wilm's tumor, bladder, pancreatic and breast carcinoma, respectively. Other tumors tested had frequencies below 20%. The frequency was greater than that predicted by gene amplification data in some tumor types, which may indicate overexpression due to gene deregulation, rather than gene amplification. Analysis of a large retrospective series of breast carcinomas demonstrated an association between HER2 positivity and a number of other prognostic markers. Together, these variables identify a subset of tumors with poor prognosis and early relapse post-surgery. HER2 expression is relatively stable, with 95% concordance between the HER2 status of primary and metastatic lesions. However, contralateral tumors are unrestricted with regard to HER2 status. Preliminary data indicate that the HER2 status of a hormone receptor-positive tumor may fluctuate according to the menstrual cycle. It is anticipated that the emerging wealth of standardized data for HER2 status will help to elucidate the role of HER2 in tumor progression.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, erbB-2
- Humans
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Trastuzumab
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ménard
- The Molecular Targeting Unit, Istituto Nazional Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Yazici H, Altun M, Hafiz G, Dalay N. Serum and tissue c-erb B2, bcl-2, and mutant p53 oncoprotein levels in nasopharyngeal cancer. Cancer Invest 2002; 19:773-8. [PMID: 11768029 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-100107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To date there are no prognostic factors that can account for the biology and disease behavior in nasopharyngeal cancer. Therefore, identification of new factors that can help in predicting the behavior of the disease and characterizing the subgroup with more aggressive tumors more likely to benefitfrom chemotherapy is important. In this study, c-erb B2, bcl-2, and mutant p53 protein levels were investigated in sera and tumor tissue of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Serum c-erb B2 levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects. No meaningful difference was observed between the serum and tissue levels of the mutant p53 protein. Tissue bcl-2 concentrations were considerably high. Our results suggest that serum c-erb B2 levels may aid in identifying a subgroup of patients with a poorer response rate to first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yazici
- Department of Basic Oncology, I. U. Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Turkey
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