1
|
Coyne SM, Rogers A, Holmgren HG, Booth MA, Van Alfen M, Harris H, Barr R, Padilla-Walker LM, Sheppard JA, Shawcroft J, Ober M. Masters of Media: A longitudinal study of parental media efficacy, media monitoring, and child problematic media use across early childhood in the United States. JOURNAL OF CHILDREN AND MEDIA 2023; 17:318-335. [PMID: 37841526 PMCID: PMC10575305 DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2200958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of problematic media use in early childhood is not well understood. The current study examined long-term associations between parental media efficacy, parental media monitoring, and problematic media use across a three-year period of time during early childhood. Participants included 432 parents who reported on their own parenting and their child's use of problematic media once a year for three years (M age of child at Wave 1 = 29.68 months, SD = 3.73 months). Results revealed that early parental media efficacy predicted lower levels of child problematic media use over time. Restrictive media monitoring was also related to lower levels of child problematic media use over time. Additionally, general parental efficacy was related to parental media efficacy and lower child problematic media use, both at the cross-sectional and longitudinal levels. Discussion focuses on encouraging early parental media efficacy (and exploring other potential mechanisms) as a way to mitigate the development of problematic media use over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Rogers
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poulain T, Meigen C, Kiess W, Vogel M. Media regulation strategies in parents of 4- to 16-year-old children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 36810002 PMCID: PMC9942333 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since children can only control and limit their own media use to a limited extent, it is often the parents who regulate their children's media use. However, there is insufficient research on which strategies they use and on how these strategies are related to socio-demographic and behavioral parameters. METHODS The parental media regulation strategies co-use, active mediation, restrictive mediation, monitoring, and technical mediation were assessed in a sample of 563 four- to 16-year-old children and adolescents from middle to high social strata participating in the German cohort study LIFE Child. We investigated cross-sectional associations with socio-demographic characteristics (age and sex of child, age of parent, and socio-economic status (SES)) and other behavioral parameters of children (media use, ownership of media devices, engagement in extracurricular activities) and their parents (media use). RESULTS All media regulation strategies were applied frequently, with restrictive mediation occurring most frequently. Overall, parents of younger children and of boys mediated media use more frequently, while we observed no differences depending on SES. Regarding child behavior, the ownership of a smartphone and a tablet/personal computer/laptop was associated with more frequent technical restriction, while screen time and engagement in extracurricular activities was not associated with parental media regulation. In contrast, parental screen time was related to more frequent co-use and less frequent use of restrictive and technical mediation. CONCLUSION Parental regulation of child media use is influenced by parental attitudes and a perceived need for mediation (e.g., in younger children or children owning internet-enabled devices) rather than child behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christof Meigen
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Istenič A, Rosanda V, Gačnik M. Surveying Parents of Preschool Children about Digital and Analogue Play and Parent-Child Interaction. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020251. [PMID: 36832381 PMCID: PMC9954845 DOI: 10.3390/children10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The addition of digital toys to the child's toy box has resulted in the development of the new 'digital play', which differs from analogue play. Research shows that digital toys are available from infancy onwards and are significantly changing the way children engage in play and communicate with parents during play. How this influences the child's development must be established. The choice of toys and the manner in which they are used depend greatly on the parents. In the present study, parents' opinions and experiences of their child's digital and analogue play were explored in order to gain insight into the parents' perceptions of the impact of different types of play on their child's development. We were particularly interested in the differences in a child's engagement with a toy and the child-parent interaction and communication. In this descriptive study, we administered a questionnaire in order to collect data from 306 parents of children of an average age of 3.6 years. The results show that parents perceived traditional toys as the most stimulating toys for a toddler's sensory, motor, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. During analogue play, significantly more parent-child interaction, as well as more language input from parents and toddlers, occurred. Parents also used different intervention and mediation strategies with different types of toys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Istenič
- Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420000 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Violeta Rosanda
- Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Gačnik
- Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Center for the Communication, Hearing and Speech Portorož, Sončna pot 14a, 6320 Portorož, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen L, Liu X, Tang H. The Interactive Effects of Parental Mediation Strategies in Preventing Cyberbullying on Social Media. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1009-1022. [PMID: 36998740 PMCID: PMC10045317 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s386968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Applying the parental mediation theory, this study investigates the main effects and interactive effects of three parental social media strategies, ie, active mediation, restrictive mediation, and non-intrusive inspection, on cyberbullying among teenagers. A matched child-parent survey was conducted with 642 secondary-school students aged 13-18 and their parents in China. Results The results showed that active mediation was negatively associated with both cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Restrictive mediation was not significantly associated with cyberbullying. Non-intrusive inspection was positively associated with cyberbullying perpetration but not associated with cyberbullying victimization. Moreover, the two-way interaction between active and restrictive mediation as well as the three-way interaction between the three parental mediation strategies significantly affected cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Specifically, the combination of high-level active mediation and non-intrusive inspection with low-level restrictive mediation was the most effective strategy for preventing cyberbullying. Conclusion This finding significantly contributes to the parental mediation literature and provide theoretical guidelines for parental intervention to prevent cyberbullying among teenager.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Journalism, School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoming Liu, Department of Journalism, School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University, 5 Hereford Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China, Tel +852 59826538, Email
| | - Hongjie Tang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tooth LR, Moss KM, Mishra GD. Screen time and child behaviour and health-related quality of life: Effect of family context. Prev Med 2021; 153:106795. [PMID: 34508730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated family contextual effects on the association between screen time, behaviour and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in child siblings. Data were from 1772 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health 1973-78 cohort and their three youngest children (N = 4010 siblings) aged two to 12, collected in Mothers and their Children's Health cross-sectional sub-study (2016/17). The exposure was average daily recreational screen time (televisions, computers, tablets, mobile phones, electronic games). Outcomes were child overall behaviour and prosocial behaviour, and psychosocial and physical HRQOL. Multilevel models were used to test 1) the absolute effect of screen time, and 2) change in the child's outcomes when their own screen time changes relative to their siblings (within-family contextual effects) and change in the child's outcomes when the sibling average screen time changes (between-family contextual effects). The children were average 7.37 years (SD 2.76). There was an absolute effect of screen time on behaviour and HRQOL. Between-family effects were found for child total behaviour (0·22 (95%CI, 0.06, 0.37)) and prosocial behaviour (-0.10 (-0.17, -0.04)), but there were no within-family effects. For HRQOL, within-family effects were found for psychosocial (-0.97 (-1.91, -0.02)) and physical (-1.32 (-2.25, -0.39)) HRQOL, but no between-family effects were found. In conclusion, the higher the average screen time by all children in the family, the worse the child's behaviour, while the greater the deviation of the child's screen time from their siblings, the poorer their HRQOL. Family contextual factors should be considered in screen time research and screen time recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh R Tooth
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Katrina M Moss
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Gita D Mishra
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eales L, Ferguson GM, Gillespie S, Smoyer S, Carlson SM. Family resilience and psychological distress in the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:1563-1581. [PMID: 34807681 PMCID: PMC8611692 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many changes were thrust upon families by the COVID-19 pandemic, including mandated quarantines, social distancing, transitions to distance learning for children, and remote work. The current study used mixed methods to examine the challenges and resilience of families in the United States during the pandemic (May-July 2020), as well as predictors and moderators of parent/child psychological distress. Our sample included 469 parents (459 mothers) of children aged ∼2-13 years (239 girls, 228 boys, one nonbinary child, one "prefer not to answer" selection), who completed an online survey with closed-ended and open-ended portions. The sample had middle-to-high socioeconomic status and 86% of families were White/non-Hispanic. Qualitative (content and thematic analyses) and quantitative (descriptive statistics and regressions) findings revealed that, even in this relatively privileged sample, parents and families were experiencing struggles in many life domains (e.g., family, school) and shifts in family dynamics and routines, which were related to emotional and mental health. Families experienced many changes in their lives, some positive and some negative, and often exhibited resilience through managing these changes. Our moderation analyses indicated that COVID-19's daily impact was significantly associated with psychological distress for children and parents, and this association was stronger for older versus younger children. Less active/instructive parental media mediation was also related to less child psychological distress. Moving forward, practitioners can focus on preventive efforts including psychoeducation regarding healthy outlets for negative emotions during COVID-19, and practical help troubleshooting childcare and health care challenges impacting many families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
7
|
Eales L, Gillespie S, Alstat RA, Ferguson GM, Carlson SM. Children's screen and problematic media use in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Dev 2021; 92:e866-e882. [PMID: 34486721 PMCID: PMC8478850 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This mixed methods study examined parent-reported child screen media use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining 2019-2020 changes in parent perceptions of media, screen media use (SMU), and problematic media use (PMU) in children aged 2-13 years (N = 129; 64 boys, 64 girls, 1 nonbinary; 90.7% White, 4.6% Hispanic/Latino, 0.8% Black, 8.5% multiethnic; primarily middle-to-high income). Quantitative analyses showed a significant SMU and PMU increase (medium effect size). There was a steeper increase in PMU among school-age (older) children. Together, the qualitative and quantitative results suggest that the PMU and SMU increase were influenced by distal, proximal, and maintaining factors including the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning, child behaviors, other children, parental mediation, and positive media reinforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Eales
- Institute of Child DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesota ‐ Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sarah Gillespie
- Institute of Child DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesota ‐ Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Reece A. Alstat
- Institute of Child DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesota ‐ Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Gail M. Ferguson
- Institute of Child DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesota ‐ Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Stephanie M. Carlson
- Institute of Child DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesota ‐ Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arumugam CT, Said MA, Nik Farid ND. Screen-based media and young children: Review and recommendations. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2021; 16:7-13. [PMID: 34386158 PMCID: PMC8346754 DOI: 10.51866/rv1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood development is influenced by a child's environmental experiences. The qualities of surrounding in which a child lives, grows up and learns are key for attaining their milestones. Increased availability of screen-based media in families leads to excessive screen time among young children, resulting in high chances of displacing parent-child interaction which is fundamental in a thriving child's process of learning and development. Numerous publications have investigated the potential health impacts of early exposure and excessive usage of screen-based media among children, with literature suggesting links between excessive screen time and behavioural difficulties, developmental delay and increased risk of obesity, among other issues. Existing guidelines from international bodies call for limiting screen time to an hour per day for children aged two to five years old and urge that children below the age of two should not be exposed to any screen time. To spark awareness among parents and caregivers concerning the potential health impacts of screen-based media usage among young children, child media habits are recommended to be incorporated as part of toddlers' developmental assessment in health clinics. A guideline for mindful usage of screen-based media focusing on children below the age of five tailored to a Malaysian context ought to be developed based on current evidence from research, theory and practice. A collaborative effort between concerned agencies is essential to ensuring a developmentally stimulating environment in which young children may grow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Thamarai Arumugam
- Medical Degree (MD), Master of Public Health (MPH), Doctor in Public Health (DrPH) Candidate, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- MBBS, MPH (Epidemiology), PhD, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice (CEEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- MBBS (Adelaide), MPH (Malaya), DrPH (Malaya), Medical Lecturer and Public Health Specialist, Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Domoff SE, Borgen AL, Wilke N, Hiles Howard A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Problematic Media Use: Perceptions of Caregivers of High-Risk Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6725. [PMID: 34206472 PMCID: PMC8297195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to develop risky health behaviors. With the increase of media use in the general population, it is likely that these high-risk youth are developing maladaptive behaviors associated with media use (i.e., problematic media use). The goals of this article are (1) to describe symptoms of problematic media use in high-risk youth and (2) to determine whether ACEs are related to problematic media use in this population. Data were collected through online questionnaires from 348 parents or legal guardians of children ages 5 to 18 years, the majority of whom had been adopted. Parents and guardians reported on the child's history of ACEs and completed the Problematic Media Use Measure-Short Form (PMUM-SF). Almost half of the participants reported that their child had a history of four or more ACEs (48.9%). Caregivers of foster or adopted children reported more symptoms of problematic media use than those reporting on their biological children. After adjusting for covariates, the number of ACEs predicted problematic media use above and beyond variance explained by demographic factors or screen time amount. Children with a history of ACEs had higher problematic media use compared to children without ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Domoff
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA;
| | - Aubrey L. Borgen
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA;
| | - Nicole Wilke
- Applied Research and Best Practice Initiative, Christian Alliance for Orphans, Arequipa 04017, Cayma, Peru;
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Predictors of parental mediation in teenagers' internet use: a cross-sectional study of female caregivers in Lahore, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:317. [PMID: 33557795 PMCID: PMC7871392 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The internet has become the most widely used medium among teenagers, who spend much of their time online, which raises parental concerns. Notwithstanding teens’ increased internet use and exposure to online risks, little is yet known about parental internet mediation in local settings. The present research aimed to assess the various dimensions of parental mediation to regulate teens’ use of the internet and their predictors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the district of Lahore, Pakistan, among mothers/female caregivers of teens (aged 13–19 years). Only women were interviewed because they are more frequently engaged as primary caregivers than fathers or male caregivers. Furthermore, only qualified and working mothers from the top two professions among women, i.e. academia and medicine, were interviewed. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted, and 347 mothers were interviewed using face-to-face interviews at 11 universities and 11 hospitals/medical colleges. Data were entered and analysed using descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The findings highlighted that more than 65% of respondents applied highly active mediation of internet safety, around 60% used highly active co-use mediation and more than 56% applied restrictive mediation. In addition, 36% of respondents monitored and 15.3% technically mediated to regulate their teens’ use of the internet. The results of the multivariate logistic regression revealed that the majority of respondents were more inclined to adopt active internet safety mediation if they had teens aged 16–19 years, with medium internet addiction, possessed good digital skills, felt confident about their teens’ coping appraisal to perform online protection, and considered their teens to have high self-esteem and resilience. Conclusions This research found that parental internet mediation is a multifaceted concept used to regulate teens’ online activity and enhance a resilient approach to reduce the risks associated with use of the internet. The researchers recommend developing parental guidelines, e-safety resource material, local support networks and community programmes to educate parents, teachers and teens in order to raise awareness and promote resilient pathways amongst teens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10349-z.
Collapse
|
11
|
Meng Q, Sheng X, Zhao J, Wang Y, Su Z. Influence of Mothers/Grandmothers Coviewing Cartoons With Children on Children's Viewing Experience. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1232. [PMID: 32655446 PMCID: PMC7326029 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Watching cartoons is one important event in children’s early lives. This activity is highly influential on many factors, such as children’s cognitive and behavioral development. Some researchers believe that parents should coview cartoons with children to help them filter and distinguish useful content. However, intergenerational education is already common in China, and the influence of grandparents cannot be ignored. Because they are in different stages of life, the members of these two generations manifest great differences in parenting style, which may lead to differences in child development. Does this generational difference have differential effects on the children’s cartoon-viewing experience? We recruited 89 parents and grandparents and their kindergarten-aged children (approximately 5 years old) to participate in the study. The mothers or grandmothers were asked to coview a cartoon for approximately 7 min with their child, after which the child was asked questions about the cartoon-viewing experience. The results show the following: (1) compared with grandmothers, mothers generally think that cartoons have a very high influence on children’s physical and mental health (χ2 = 8.83, p < 0.05), (2) mothers place more restrictions on the content of cartoons that their children view, whereas grandmothers’ attitudes are characterized by greater tolerance (χ2 = 11.94, p < 0.01), and (3) in the case of coviewing with mothers, when the children are asked “why” questions about the cartoon-viewing experience questionnaire, they use more experience proofs to explain their answers than when they coview with grandmothers (χ2 = 16.69, p < 0.01; χ2 = 10.44, p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- Department of Teacher Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Sheng
- Mental Health Prevention Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Su
- Department of Preschool Education, Yichun Early Childhood Teachers College, Yichun, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ewin CA, Reupert AE, McLean LA, Ewin CJ. The impact of joint media engagement on
parent–child
interactions: A systematic review. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A. Ewin
- Faculty of Education Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Louise A. McLean
- Faculty of Education Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher J. Ewin
- School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Coyne SM, Holmgren HG, Keenan-Kroff SL, Petersen S, Stockdale L. Prenatal Predictors of Media Use During Infancy. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2020; 23:377-383. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Coyne
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | | | | | - Sarah Petersen
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Laura Stockdale
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jauck D, Peralta O. Two-Year-Olds' Symbolic Use of Images Provided by a Tablet: A Transfer Study. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2891. [PMID: 31920899 PMCID: PMC6932993 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Touch screen devices are nowadays part of everyday life and parents and educators assume that young children use their images in a symbolic way. This research aims at replicating and expanding a previous one that reported that, contrary to expectations and to studies with printed or video images, 2-year-old children used the images on a touch screen tablet to retrieve a hidden object (Search), but not to communicate the location of an object they have observed being hidden (Point). In this research, we carried out a transfer study comparing the performance of an Experimental (Search-Point) and a Control group (Point-Point). First, we found that the Experimental group outperformed the Control group. Second, we found that the successful symbolic previous experience gained in the Search tasks was transferred to the Point task, task which 2-year-olds otherwise fail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jauck
- Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología y Relaciones Humanas, Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Olga Peralta
- Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología y Relaciones Humanas, Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Ali NM, Yaghy HS, Shattnawi KK, Al-Shdayfat NM. Parents' Knowledge and Beliefs about the Impact of Exposure to Media Violence on Children's Aggression. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2018; 39:592-599. [PMID: 29446662 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1422201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess Jordanian parents' knowledge and beliefs about the effects of violent media on children's aggressive behavior. A sample of 262 parents of children aged 6-11 years completed a Media Quotient questionnaire about children's media habits, media effects, and children's aggressive behavior. Parents reported that their children spend an average of 4.83 h (SD = 2.12) watching TV, 3.20 h (SD = 2.29) playing video games, 1.07 h (SD = 0.88) listening to music, and only 0.52 min (SD = 0.67) reading for pleasure per day. Parents have a moderate level of knowledge about the media effect (M = 15.49, SD = 3.439). Children of parents who have adequate knowledge about the media effect, spend less time watching TV (r = -.355, p < .001), playing video games (r = -.265, p < .001), and listening to music (r = -.347, p < .001). Ninety-two percent (n = 241) of parents were concerned about the amount of sexual and of violent content their children see in movies or on TV. Children who spend more time playing video games (r = -.201, p = .004) show aggressive relational behavior. This study suggests that increasing parents' knowledge of media of evidence-based programs may have a protective effect on children's behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Mansour Al-Ali
- a Jordan University of Science and Technology, Community and Mental Health Department , Faculty of Nursing , Irbid , Jordan
| | | | - Khulood K Shattnawi
- c Jordan University of Science and Technology , Maternal and Child Health Department, Faculty of Nursing , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Noha M Al-Shdayfat
- d Al al-Bayt University, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing , Mafraq , Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parental Control of the Time Preadolescents Spend on Social Media: Links with Preadolescents’ Social Media Appearance Comparisons and Mental Health. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1456-1468. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
17
|
Haines J, Douglas S, Mirotta JA, O'Kane C, Breau R, Walton K, Krystia O, Chamoun E, Annis A, Darlington GA, Buchholz AC, Duncan AM, Vallis LA, Spriet LL, Mutch DM, Brauer P, Allen-Vercoe E, Taveras EM, Ma DWL. Guelph Family Health Study: pilot study of a home-based obesity prevention intervention. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2018; 109:549-560. [PMID: 29981086 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility and preliminary impact of a home-based obesity prevention intervention among Canadian families. METHODS Families with children 1.5-5 years of age were randomized to one of three groups: (1) four home visits (HV) with a health educator, emails, and mailed incentives (4HV; n = 17); (2) two HV, emails, and mailed incentives (2HV; n = 14); or (3) general health advice through emails (control; n = 13). Parents randomized to the 2HV and 4HV groups completed post-intervention satisfaction surveys. At baseline and post-intervention, parents reported frequency of family meals and their children's fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. We assessed the children's physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep using accelerometers and their % fat mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Differences in outcomes at post-intervention, controlling for baseline, were examined using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Of the 44 families enrolled, 42 (96%) had 6-month outcome data. Satisfaction with the intervention was high; 80% were "very satisfied" and 20% were "satisfied." At post-intervention, children randomized to the 4HV and 2HV groups had significantly higher fruit intake and children randomized to the 2HV group had significantly lower percentage of fat mass, as compared to the control. No significant intervention effect was found for frequency of family meals, the children's vegetable or SSB intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, or sleep. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the delivery of a home-based intervention is feasible among Canadian families and may lead to improved diet and weight outcomes among children. A full-scale trial is needed to test the effectiveness of this home-based intervention. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02223234.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sabrina Douglas
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julia A Mirotta
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Carley O'Kane
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Breau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Kathryn Walton
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Owen Krystia
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elie Chamoun
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Angela Annis
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Andrea C Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Lori A Vallis
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Paula Brauer
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Children learning a concept with a book and an e-book: a comparison with matched instruction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-018-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
19
|
Bessett D, Murawsky S. 'I guess I do have to take back what I said before, about television': pregnant women's understandings and use of televisual representations of childbearing. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2018; 40:478-493. [PMID: 29274085 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on television as a source of childbearing information is divided on its importance. Drawing from a sample of 64 pregnant women in the greater New York and Connecticut metropolitan area, we examine how women understand the influence of television on their expectations for pregnancy and birth. A sizable minority (44%) regularly watched reality television programmes on childbearing; all engaged in active viewing practices, such as recognising programme formula and evaluating plausibility of depictions. We find clear educational differences in how viewers believed television influenced their pregnancy knowledge: women with higher levels of education generally disavowed all television as an information source, but used reality programming to educate their children about pregnancy and for entertainment. Women who had lower educational attainment were more likely to include reality programmes as part of their comprehensive approach to information gathering. Only one woman asserted that fictional television was a good source of pregnancy information. Although many devalued television, women referenced television programmes and imagery as they described their expectations and concerns for pregnancy. A large proportion of respondents were unaware of the influence television exerted on them. Health scholars must better engage with the complexities of media use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stef Murawsky
- Department of Sociology, University of Cincinnati, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thompson DA, Johnson SL, Schmiege SJ, Vandewater EA, Boles RE, Lev J, Tschann JM. Beliefs About Child TV Viewing in Low-Income Mexican American Parents of Preschoolers: Development of the Beliefs About Child TV Viewing Scale (B-TV). Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:849-857. [PMID: 29423583 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Parental beliefs about child television viewing may affect the way parents regulate child television viewing. Despite this, little research has focused on the development of measures of parental beliefs about child television viewing, particularly among ethnic minority parents and parents of young children. This study's objective was to develop and test a culturally-based measure of parental beliefs about television viewing in low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, 22 items reflecting parental beliefs about influences of TV on children were developed and assessed for psychometric properties in a sample of 312 low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers. Results Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified four factors reflecting four domains of parental beliefs: positive general beliefs, positive sleep-related beliefs, positive functional beliefs, and negative general beliefs. Internal reliabilities were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70-0.89) for all factors except negative general beliefs (Cronbach's alpha = 0.61). Positive sleep-related beliefs and Positive Functional Beliefs were correlated with children's average daily hours of TV (r = 0.16, p < .01; r = 0.22, p < .001, respectively) and with mother's average daily hours of TV (r = 0.14, p < .05; r = 0.22, p < .001, respectively), providing initial support for construct validity. Conclusions for Practice The Beliefs about Child TV viewing scale measures four domains of parental beliefs regarding child TV viewing, and has good initial reliability and validity for three factors. Future use will allow investigators to conduct more in-depth evaluations on the influence of parental beliefs on the way parents shape their child's use of the TV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy A Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F561, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 2605, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Susan L Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah J Schmiege
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Vandewater
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health-Austin Regional Campus, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Boles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jerusha Lev
- Department of Pediatrics, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jeanne M Tschann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lindsay AC, Wasserman M, Muñoz MA, Wallington SF, Greaney ML. Examining Influences of Parenting Styles and Practices on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Latino Children in the United States: Integrative Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e14. [PMID: 29382629 PMCID: PMC5811651 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that parents influence their children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) through their parenting styles and practices. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this paper were to evaluate existing research examining the associations between parenting styles, parenting practices, and PA and SB among Latino children aged between 2 and 12 years, highlight limitations of the existing research, and generate suggestions for future research. METHODS The method of this integrative review was informed by methods developed by Whittemore and Knafl, which allow for the inclusion of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines, five electronic academic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and CINAHL) were searched for peer-reviewed, full-text papers published in English. Of the 641 unique citations identified, 67 full-text papers were retrieved, and 16 were selected for review. RESULTS The majority of the 16 reviewed studies were conducted with predominantly Mexican American or Mexican immigrant samples, and only 1 study examined the association between parenting styles and Latino children's PA and SB. Most (n=15) reviewed studies assessed the influence of parenting practices on children's PA and SB, and they provide good evidence that parenting practices such as offering verbal encouragement, prompting the child to be physically active, providing logistic support, engaging and being involved in PA, monitoring, and offering reinforcement and rewards encourage, facilitate, or increase children's PA. The examined studies also provide evidence that parenting practices, such as setting rules and implementing PA restrictions due to safety concerns, weather, and using psychological control discourage, hinder, or decrease children's PA. CONCLUSIONS Because this review found a very small number of studies examining the relationship between parenting styles and Latino children's PA and SB, additional research is needed. Given that the majority of reviewed studies were conducted with predominantly Mexican American or Mexican immigrant samples, additional research examining parenting styles, parenting practices, and PA and SB among multiethnic Latino groups is needed to design interventions tailored to the needs of this ethnically diverse population group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lindsay
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Minerva Wasserman
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mario A Muñoz
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sherrie F Wallington
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mary L Greaney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee J, Kubik MY, Fulkerson JA. Media Devices in Parents' and Children's Bedrooms and Children's Media Use. Am J Health Behav 2018; 42:135-143. [PMID: 29320346 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.42.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The American Academy of Pediatrics advises having no media devices in children's bedrooms. We examined the link between media devices in parents' and children's bedrooms and children's media use. METHODS Ninety parent-child dyads participated in a community- based healthy weight management study targeting 8-to-12-year-olds with body mass index (BMI)-for-age ≥75th percentile. Parents and children reported the number of media devices in their bedrooms and hours spent using media devices on weekdays and weekend days. RESULTS Most children (61%) and parents (92%) had at least one media device in their bedrooms. The numbers of devices in parents' and children's bedrooms were positively correlated. Children with no bedroom media devices reported less weekday media use compared to children with bedroom devices. A similar non-significant pattern was found for children's weekend media use. CONCLUSIONS Study findings indicate similar media devices in the bedrooms of parents and children and a significant association between media devices in children's bedrooms and their weekday media use. Efforts to reduce media in parent bedrooms may enhance interventions targeting reduction of media use among children, especially those with higher BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Lee
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Martha Y. Kubik
- Department of Nursing, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fu KW, Ho FKW, Rao N, Jiang F, Li SL, Lee TMC, Chan SHS, Yung AWY, Young ME, Ip P. Parental restriction reduces the harmful effects of in-bedroom electronic devices. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102:1125-1131. [PMID: 28663350 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-312639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether school readiness could be affected by placing electronic devices (EDs) in children's bedroom and whether the relationship was moderated by parental restriction and family socioeconomic status (SES). DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study with bedroom ED placement and parental restriction reported by parents. Multiple linear regressions were used to test the relationship between school readiness and ED placement. Multiple regression with interaction terms were used to test whether the effect was consistent with and without parental restriction. SETTING Kindergartens randomly selected from two districts of different socioeconomic backgrounds in Hong Kong, China. PATIENTS 556 young children attending the third year of kindergarten. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Children's school readiness was rated by teachers using the Chinese Early Development Instrument. RESULTS 556 preschoolers (mean age 5.46; 51.8% girls) from 20 kindergartens participated in this study. About 30% of parents placed at least one ED in their children's bedroom. After controlling for sex and SES, the placement of television in the bedroom was associated with lower overall school readiness (β -1.11, 95% CI -1.80 to -0.42) and the placement of game console was associated with lower social competence (β-0.94, 95% CI -1.74 to -0.15). Such harmful effect was more prominent among lower SES families and could be partially alleviated with parental restriction. CONCLUSION ED placement in children's bedroom was associated with lower school readiness, particularly among lower SES families. Parental restriction might help to alleviate the harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- King-Wa Fu
- Journalism and Media Studies Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick Ka Wing Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Nirmala Rao
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sophia Ling Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Tatia Mei-Chun Lee
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sophelia Hoi-Shan Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ada Wing-Yan Yung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Brito R, Francisco R, Dias P, Chaudron S. Family Dynamics in Digital Homes: The Role Played by Parental Mediation in Young Children’s Digital Practices Around 14 European Countries. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-017-9431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
Strouse GA, Ganea PA. Toddlers' word learning and transfer from electronic and print books. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 156:129-142. [PMID: 28068550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transfer from symbolic media to the real world can be difficult for young children. A sample of 73 toddlers aged 17 to 23months were read either an electronic book displayed on a touchscreen device or a traditional print book in which a novel object was paired with a novel label. Toddlers in both conditions learned the label within the context of the book. However, only those who read the traditional format book generalized and transferred the label to other contexts. An older group of 28 toddlers aged 24 to 30months did generalize and transfer from the electronic book. Across ages, those children who primarily used screens to watch prerecorded video at home transferred less from the electronic book than those with more diverse home media experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Strouse
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada.
| | - Patricia A Ganea
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rasmussen E. Theoretical Underpinnings of Reducing the Media’s Negative Effect on Children: Person-Centered, Negatively-Valenced Evaluative Mediation within a Persuasion Framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2013.11679156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
27
|
Davis RE, Cole SM, Blake CE, McKenney-Shubert SJ, Peterson KE. Eat, play, view, sleep: Exploring Mexican American mothers' perceptions of decision making for four behaviors associated with childhood obesity risk. Appetite 2016; 101:104-13. [PMID: 26944228 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This mixed methods study sought to understand who makes decisions about whether preschool-aged Mexican American children engage in eating, outdoor play, sleep, and screen time behaviors. METHODS Forty Mexican American mothers of children ages 3-4 participated in two interviews, during which both closed- and open-ended questions elicited perceptions of who made decisions for the four behaviors, as well as who was present, mealtime rules, and food choice values. Interviews were transcribed, coded for emergent themes, and compared across participants. RESULTS Participants generally perceived themselves to be primary decision makers for all four behaviors; however, food decisions often seemed to be made collaboratively with the child. Fathers were most likely to participate in evening television decisions. Other family members were rarely mentioned. Selecting foods that children liked was a strong food choice value, while cost was rarely mentioned. Participants appeared to have low perceived control over their child's behaviors relative to their perceived roles in decision making. CONCLUSIONS Mothers may be the primary audience for obesity prevention messages for preschool-aged, Mexican American children; however, health promotion programs may need to increase mothers' awareness of their control over children's behaviors. Understanding how children's behaviors are regulated is an important aspect of obesity prevention for low-income, Mexican American children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Davis
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Suzanne M Cole
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Christine E Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | | | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, I-1867, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gebremariam MK, Altenburg TM, Lakerveld J, Andersen LF, Stronks K, Chinapaw MJ, Lien N. Associations between socioeconomic position and correlates of sedentary behaviour among youth: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2015; 16:988-1000. [PMID: 26317685 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Existing research evidence indicates that children and adolescents of parents with a low socioeconomic position spend more time on sedentary behaviour than their counterparts. However, the mechanisms driving these differences remain poorly understood. The main aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence regarding the association between socioeconomic position and correlates of sedentary behaviour among youth (0-18 years) from developed countries. The literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO. A total of 37 studies were included. All but three studies examined screen-based sedentary behaviours only. Methodological quality ranged from low to moderate. Education was the most commonly used indicator of socioeconomic position, followed by income. Socioeconomic position was inversely related to the presence of a TV in the child's bedroom, parental modelling for TV viewing, parental co-viewing and eating meals in front of the TV. We found no/indeterminate evidence for an association between socioeconomic position and rules and regulations about screen time. The findings suggest possible factors that could be targeted in future intervention studies to decrease screen-based sedentary behaviour in lower socioeconomic groups in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Gebremariam
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Lien
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thompson DA, Vandewater EA, Matson PA, Tschann JM. Young low-income ethnic minority children watch less television when their mothers regulate what they are viewing. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:300-5. [PMID: 25424888 PMCID: PMC4333101 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Parenting practices can reduce how much television (TV) children watch. This study evaluated the longitudinal association between maternal regulation of TV content and the amount of TV watched by low-income ethnic minority children. METHODS This was a secondary data analysis of the Welfare, Children & Families: A Three City Study. Data were used from ethnic minority mothers with a child from birth to 4 years old, collected over two waves approximately 16 months apart. The dependent variable was the amount of TV watched by the child (wave two). The main independent variable was the maternal regulation of TV content (wave one). Using multiple linear regression, we evaluated the relationship between maternal regulation of TV content and the amount of TV watched by the child, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Of the 835 mothers, 71% were high content regulators and 8% reported no content regulation. Children whose mothers reported no regulation watched more TV approximately 16 months later than those whose mothers reported high regulation of content (β = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.09-1.73). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that regulating content influences viewing amounts in young children approximately 16 months later. Interventions focused on heightening parental regulation of content may improve content and diminish viewing amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy A. Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Elizabeth A. Vandewater
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, and University of Texas School of Public Health-Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX
| | - Pamela A. Matson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Austin EW, Pinkleton BE, Radanielina-Hita ML, Ran W. The Role of Parents' Critical Thinking About Media in Shaping Expectancies, Efficacy and Nutrition Behaviors for Families. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 30:1256-1268. [PMID: 25616579 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2014.930550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A convenience survey completed online by 137 4-H parents in Washington state explored their orientation toward critical thinking regarding media sources and content and its implications for family dietary behaviors. Parents' critical thinking toward media sources predicted their information efficacy about content. Critical thinking toward media content predicted information efficacy about sources, expectancies for parental mediation, and expectancies for family receptiveness to lower-fat dietary changes. Expectancies for receptiveness to dietary changes and expectancies for parental mediation predicted efficacy for implementing healthy dietary practices; this strongly predicted healthy dietary practices. Media-related critical thinking, therefore, indirectly but consistently affected self-reported family dietary behaviors through its effects on efficacy for managing media and expectancies for the family's receptiveness to healthy dietary changes. The results suggest parents' media literacy skills affect their family's dietary behavior. Health campaigns that help parents interpret and manage the media environment may benefit all family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Weintraub Austin
- a Murrow Center for Media & Health Promotion Research, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication , Washington State University
| | - Bruce E Pinkleton
- a Murrow Center for Media & Health Promotion Research, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication , Washington State University
| | | | - Weina Ran
- c Department of Management , University of Wisconsin - La Crosse
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuo MH, Magill-Evans J, Zwaigenbaum L. Parental mediation of television viewing and videogaming of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2014; 19:724-35. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361314552199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder spend considerable time in media activities. Parents play an important role in shaping adolescents’ responses to media. This study explored the mediation strategies that parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder used to manage television and video game use, factors associated with their use of different strategies, and whether mediation strategies changed over time. A secondary purpose was to examine whether parents applied different mediation strategies to adolescents with autism spectrum disorder versus siblings, and the factors that created stress related to managing media use. Parents of 29 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and 16 siblings completed questionnaires at two time points. Parents most frequently supervised their television viewing by watching it with the adolescents, and used restrictive strategies to regulate their videogaming. Parents used similar strategies for siblings, but more frequently applied restrictive and instructive strategies for videogaming with adolescents with autism spectrum disorder than their siblings. Restrictive mediation of television viewing for the adolescents decreased significantly over the year. Adolescents’ time spent in media activities, age, and behavior problems, and parents’ concerns about media use were significant factors associated with the strategies that parents employed. Parents’ stress related to the adolescents’ behavioral and emotional responses to parental restrictions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Parenting style, the home environment, and screen time of 5-year-old children; the 'be active, eat right' study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88486. [PMID: 24533092 PMCID: PMC3922818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global increase in childhood overweight and obesity has been ascribed partly to increases in children's screen time. Parents have a large influence on their children's screen time. Studies investigating parenting and early childhood screen time are limited. In this study, we investigated associations of parenting style and the social and physical home environment on watching TV and using computers or game consoles among 5-year-old children. METHODS This study uses baseline data concerning 5-year-old children (n = 3067) collected for the 'Be active, eat right' study. RESULTS Children of parents with a higher score on the parenting style dimension involvement, were more likely to spend >30 min/day on computers or game consoles. Overall, families with an authoritative or authoritarian parenting style had lower percentages of children's screen time compared to families with an indulgent or neglectful style, but no significant difference in OR was found. In families with rules about screen time, children were less likely to watch TV>2 hrs/day and more likely to spend >30 min/day on computers or game consoles. The number of TVs and computers or game consoles in the household was positively associated with screen time, and children with a TV or computer or game console in their bedroom were more likely to watch TV>2 hrs/day or spend >30 min/day on computers or game consoles. CONCLUSION The magnitude of the association between parenting style and screen time of 5-year-olds was found to be relatively modest. The associations found between the social and physical environment and children's screen time are independent of parenting style. Interventions to reduce children's screen time might be most effective when they support parents specifically with introducing family rules related to screen time and prevent the presence of a TV or computer or game console in the child's room.
Collapse
|
33
|
del Rio Rodriguez B, Hilmers A, O'Connor TM. Hispanic parents of overweight and obese children and their outcome expectations for children's television viewing: a qualitative study. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 45:718-722. [PMID: 23850016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2013.04.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore parental outcome expectations (OE) regarding children's television (TV) viewing among parents of overweight or obese children. METHODS Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 20 parents of 5- to 8-year-old overweight or obese children. RESULTS Parent's positive OE for allowing TV viewing were the convenience of using TV for entertainment or as a babysitter. Hispanic parents would limit children's TV viewing to improve their children's health, restrict content, and promote other activities. Negative OE such as children misbehavior and the loss of positive OE for allowing TV emerged as reasons parents may not limit TV. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although Hispanic parents expected to improve their child's health by limiting TV, the negative OE may prevent them from doing so. Interventions targeting children's TV viewing, as a strategy to fight childhood obesity, may be more effective if they promote parent's positive OE and address parent's negative OE for children's TV viewing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty del Rio Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community and General Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
O'Connor TM, Chen TA, Baranowski J, Thompson D, Baranowski T. Physical activity and screen-media-related parenting practices have different associations with children's objectively measured physical activity. Child Obes 2013; 9:446-53. [PMID: 24028564 PMCID: PMC3791041 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2012.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with children's weight status. Parents may be an important influence on children's PA by restricting sedentary time or supporting PA. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PA and screen-media-related [television (TV) and videogame] parenting practices with children's PA. METHODS Secondary analyses of baseline data were performed from an intervention with 9- to 12-year-olds who received active or inactive videogames (n=83) to promote PA. Children's PA was assessed with 1 week of accelerometry at baseline. Parents reported their PA, TV, and videogame parenting practices and child's bedroom screen-media availability. Associations were investigated using Spearman's partial correlations and linear regressions. RESULTS Although several TV and videogame parenting practices were significantly intercorrelated, only a few significant correlations existed between screen-media and PA parenting practices. In linear regression models, restrictive TV parenting practices were associated with greater child sedentary time (p=0.03) and less moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; p=0.01). PA logistic support parenting practices were associated with greater child MVPA (p=0.03). Increased availability of screen-media equipment in the child's bedroom was associated with more sedentary time (p=0.02) and less light PA (p=0.01) and MVPA (p=0.05) in all three models. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional sample, restrictive screen-media and supportive PA parenting practices had opposite associations with children's PA. Longitudinal and experimental child PA studies should assess PA and screen-media parenting separately to understand how parents influence their child's PA behaviors and whether the child's baseline PA or screen media behaviors affect the parent's use of parenting practices. Recommendations to remove screens from children's bedrooms may also affect their PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresia M. O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tzu-An Chen
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Janice Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Deborah Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jago R, Edwards MJ, Urbanski CR, Sebire SJ. General and specific approaches to media parenting: a systematic review of current measures, associations with screen-viewing, and measurement implications. Child Obes 2013; 9 Suppl:S51-72. [PMID: 23944925 PMCID: PMC3746242 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2013.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-focused interventions may help to reduce youth screen-viewing (SV). This review synthesized current information on the links between parenting styles, parenting practices, and youth SV with a focus on measurement. METHODS A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted. RESULTS In all, 29 of 1189 studies met the inclusion criteria. Parenting practices were divided into rule and nonrule-based practices. Seven rules: (1) Limits on total time (n studies=23); (2) limits on time of day (n=7); (3) content restriction (n=11); (4) mealtime rules (n=2); (5) parental supervision (n=3); (6) contingent screentime (n=3); and (7) no-TV policy (n=1) were reported. Two nonrule-based practices were reported: Co-viewing (n=6) and encouragement to view (n=2). Three studies (10.3%) provided information on parenting styles. Only 12 studies (41.4%) provided information on the reliability/validity of the outcome measure, 15 (51.7%) studies provided information on the reliability/validity of the parenting measure, and 6 (20.7%) provided information on the reliability/validity of both outcome and exposure measures. CONCLUSIONS There is mixed evidence that parenting styles and media-related parenting practices are associated with youth SV. The assessment of parental influence of youth media use is hampered by the diversity of measures that have been used. There is a need for new measures that assess a range of media parenting practices that are relevant to multiple forms of SV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition, and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Padilla-Walker LM, Coyne SM, Fraser AM, Dyer WJ, Yorgason JB. Parents and adolescents growing up in the digital age: Latent growth curve analysis of proactive media monitoring. J Adolesc 2012; 35:1153-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
37
|
Mendelsohn AL, Brockmeyer CA, Dreyer BP, Fierman AH, Berkule-Silberman SB, Tomopoulos S. Do Verbal Interactions with Infants During Electronic Media Exposure Mitigate Adverse Impacts on their Language Development as Toddlers? INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2010; 19:577-593. [PMID: 21593996 PMCID: PMC3095495 DOI: 10.1002/icd.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether verbal interactions between mothers and their 6-month-old infants during media exposure ('media verbal interactions') might have direct positive impacts, or mitigate any potential adverse impacts of media exposure, on language development at 14 months. For 253 low-income mother-infant dyads participating in a longitudinal study, media exposure and media verbal interactions were assessed using 24-hour recall diaries. Additionally, general level of cognitive stimulation in the home [StimQ] was assessed at 6 months and language development [Preschool Language Scale-4] was assessed at 14 months. Results suggest that media verbal interactions play a role in the language development of infants from low-income, immigrant families. Evidence showed that media verbal interactions moderated adverse impacts of media exposure found on 14-month language development, with adverse associations found only in the absence the these interactions. Findings also suggest that media verbal interactions may have some direct positive impacts on language development, in that media verbal interactions during the co-viewing of media with educational content (but not other content) were predictive of 14-month language independently of overall level of cognitive stimulation in the home.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan L. Mendelsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine-Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Brockmeyer
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine-Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benard P. Dreyer
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine-Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur H. Fierman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine-Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha B. Berkule-Silberman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine-Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Manhattanville College, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Suzy Tomopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine-Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Barkin SL, Finch SA, Ip EH, Scheindlin B, Craig JA, Steffes J, Weiley V, Slora E, Altman D, Wasserman RC. Is office-based counseling about media use, timeouts, and firearm storage effective? Results from a cluster-randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e15-25. [PMID: 18595960 PMCID: PMC4486046 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether patients' families' violence-prevention behaviors would be affected by their primary care practitioner's use of a violence-prevention clinical intervention during the routine well-child examination. METHODS In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial (2002-2006), 137 Pediatric Research in Office Settings practices were randomly assigned and initiated patient recruitment for either an office-based violence-prevention intervention or a control group (educational handout on literacy promotion provided). Primary caregivers of children who were aged 2 to 11 years and presented for a well-child visit were surveyed at baseline and 1 and 6 months. Practitioners were trained to (1) review a parent previsit summary regarding patient-family behavior and parental concern about media use, discipline strategies, and children's exposure to firearms, (2) counsel using brief principles of motivational interviewing, (3) identify and provide local agency resources for anger and behavior management when indicated, and (4) instruct patient-families on use of tangible tools (minute timers to monitor media time/timeouts and firearm cable locks to store firearms more safely where children live or play). Main outcomes were change over time in self-reported media use <120 minutes per day, use of timeouts, and use of firearm cable locks. RESULTS Generalized estimating equation analysis revealed a significant effect at 6 months for decreased media use and safer firearm storage. The intervention group compared with the control group showed an increase in limiting media use to <120 minutes per day. There was no significant effect for timeout use. There was a substantial increase in storing firearms with cable locks for the intervention group versus a decrease for the control group. CONCLUSIONS This randomized, controlled trial demonstrated decreased media exposure and increased safe firearm storage as a result of a brief office-based violence-prevention approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Valdez P, Flynn V, Foley G, Berkule SB, Mendelsohn AL. Media Content and Externalizing Behaviors in Latino Toddlers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 7:232-8. [PMID: 17512884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ambp.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been limited study of the association between media exposure and behavior in children younger than age 3 years. We sought to study this association in toddlers and determine whether the association varied depending on media content. METHODS We carried out a secondary analysis of a cohort of Latino mother-infant dyads followed from birth to 33 months. We assessed media exposure at 21 and 33 months with a 24-hour recall diary that included information about the duration and content of each program watched. Behavior was assessed at 33 months by the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS This analysis included 99 dyads. Results from multiple logistic regression analyses indicated associations of child behavior outcomes with 21-month total media exposure and both 21-month and 33-month exposure to noneducational young child media such as cartoons, after adjusting for maternal education, country of origin, and depressive symptoms, participation in a parenting program, and difficult child temperament. Media exposure has most consistent associations with aggressive behavior and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS Media exposure was associated with externalizing behavior in Latino toddlers, with the strongest association for media oriented toward young children but without educational content. This finding has importance for both parents of young children and pediatricians as they provide anticipatory guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Tomopoulos
- New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tomopoulos S, Valdez PT, Dreyer BP, Fierman AH, Berkule SB, Kuhn M, Mendelsohn AL. Is Exposure to Media Intended for Preschool Children Associated With Less Parent-Child Shared Reading Aloud and Teaching Activities? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 7:18-24. [PMID: 17261478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ambp.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether electronic media exposure is associated with decreased parental reading and teaching activities in the homes of preschool children. METHODS A convenience sample presenting for well-child care to an urban hospital pediatric clinic was enrolled. Inclusion criteria were: child's age 3 to 5 years and not yet in kindergarten. Electronic media exposure (TV, movies/video, computer/video games) was assessed with a 24-hour recall diary and characterized on the basis of industry ratings. Reading aloud and teaching activities were assessed with the StimQ-Preschool READ and PIDA (Parental Involvement in Developmental Advance) subscales, respectively. RESULTS A total of 77 families were assessed. Children were exposed to a mean (SD) of 200.8 (128.9) minutes per day of media, including 78.2 (63.7) minutes of educational young child-oriented, 62.0 (65.6) minutes of noneducational young child-oriented, 14.8 (41.4) minutes of school age/teen-oriented, and 29.2 (56.6) minutes of adult-oriented media, as well as to 16.6 (47.5) minutes of media of unknown type. A total of 79.2% watched 2 or more hours per day. Noneducational young child-oriented exposure was associated with fewer reading (semipartial correlation coefficient [SR] = -0.24, P = .02) and teaching (SR = -0.27, P = .01) activities; similar relationships were not found for other media categories. Children exposed to 2 or more hours of total electronic media per day had 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.4-2.9) fewer days per week of reading than children exposed to less than 2 hours (SR = -0.27, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS This study found an association between increased exposure to noneducational young child-oriented media and decreased teaching and reading activities in the home. This association represents a mechanism by which media exposure could adversely affect development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Tomopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|