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Ramachandran K, Dahlui M, Nik Farid ND. Motivators and barriers to the acceptability of a human milk bank among Malaysians. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299308. [PMID: 38437241 PMCID: PMC10911625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that all babies be exclusively breastfed, stating that donor milk is the next best alternative in the absence of the mother's own milk. Milk sharing takes many forms, namely wet nursing, co-feeding, cross-feeding, and a human milk bank (HMB). However, the establishment of a human milk bank is still not widely accepted and is a debatable topic because of religious concerns in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the facilitators and barriers among Malaysians towards the acceptance of an HMB. A cross-sectional study with 367 participants was conducted; the participants answered an online-validated, self-administered questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic, knowledge on breastfeeding benefits, knowledge and attitude on HMB-specific issues were analysed in terms of frequency before proceeded with multiple logistic regression. The majority of the respondents were Muslim (73.3%), had completed their tertiary education (82.8%), and were employed (70.8%). Only 55.9% of respondents had heard of HMB, stating the internet as their main source of information, but many respondents were agreeable to its establishment (67.8%). Most respondents had a good score on knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and on HMB-specific issues (70% and 54.2%, respectively), while 63.8% had a positive attitude towards HMB. In the multivariate analysis, mothers with a good score on general knowledge of breastfeeding (AOR: 1.715; 95% CI 1.047-2.808) were more likely to accept the establishment of HMB, while being a Muslim was negatively associated with its establishment (AOR = 0.113, 95% CI 0.050-0.253). The study found a high prevalence of mothers who were willing to accept the establishment of HMB. By educating mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding, as well as addressing their religious concerns, the establishment of a religiously abiding HMB in Malaysia may be accepted without compromising their beliefs or the health benefit of donor milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaashini Ramachandran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Research Development and Innovation, University Malaya Medical Center, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Facultas of Public Health, Department of Administration and Health Policy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health, University Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Al-Haroni H, Nik Farid ND, Azanan MS. Effectiveness of education intervention, with regards to physical activity level and a healthy diet, among Middle Eastern adolescents in Malaysia: A study protocol for a randomized control trial, based on a health belief model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289937. [PMID: 38232100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the most urgent public health challenges, of the twenty-first century, is obesity. This can be attributed to its relationship with several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as premature mortality. Being overweight or obese is a major concern not only in high-income countries, but also in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in urban areas. Several studies have highlighted the prevalence of obesity, among Middle Eastern-descent adolescents, studying in Arabic secondary schools, located in Malaysia. Intervention studies, directed at Middle Eastern adolescents in Malaysia, are limited. This paper, describes the protocol, for an integrated health education intervention process. Titled 'Healthy lifestyle', it is a primary prevention process, aimed at curbing obesity and disordered eating, among Middle Eastern secondary school adolescents, aged 13-14 years old, residing in Malaysia. METHODS AND ANTICIPATED RESULTS A cluster randomized controlled study will be conducted, involving 250 Middle Eastern adolescents, in Arabic schools in Malaysia. The participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. While the intervention group participates in six weeks of fortnightly six sessions (45 minutes per session), the control group will carry on with their regular curriculums, and normal physical activity routines. The variables which will be evaluated include anthropometric measurements, knowledge, attitude, daily routines, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, food assessment, eating attitudes test-26, and a structured questionnaire based on the HBM. Data will be collected from the intervention and control groups at baseline, post-intervention, and two months following the intervention. Data analysis will be performed by way of the SPSS Statistics software version 26. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) will be used, to test the effect of the intervention program, with regards to the selected variables (outcomes), between and within-group at baseline, as well as six weeks and two months following intervention, after adjusting for clustering. Outcomes will be assessed at each time point, along with a derived average over all three-time points; thus, ensuring that both the cumulative and overall effects are determined. CONCLUSIONS This trial will provide useful information for improving the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Middle Eastern adolescents, with regards to body weight status, physical activity level, nutrition status (BMI and dietary intake), and disordered eating. This will go a long way, towards ensuring their adherence to appropriate physical activities, and a healthy diet, to keep non-communicable diseases at bay. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at NCT: NCT05694143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Haroni
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Shafiq Azanan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Campbell L, Tan RKJ, Uhlich M, Francis JM, Mark K, Miall N, Eleuteri S, Gabster A, Shamu S, Plášilová L, Kemigisha E, Olumide A, Kosana P, Hurtado-Murillo F, Larsson EC, Cleeve A, Calvo González S, Perrotta G, Fernández Albamonte V, Blanco L, Schröder J, Adebayo A, Hendriks J, Saltis H, Marks M, Wu D, Morroni C, Esho T, Briken P, Hlatshwako TG, Ryan R, Farid NDN, Gomez Bravo R, Van de Velde S, Tucker JD. Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 Restrictions: A Study of 30 Countries From the I-SHARE Consortium. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:7115-7142. [PMID: 36703528 PMCID: PMC9895276 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Campbell
- Center for Population, Family, and
Health, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary
Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rayner K. J. Tan
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of North Carolina Project,
Guangzhou, China
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joel M. Francis
- Department of Family Medicine and
Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kristen Mark
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Health,
University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Naomi Miall
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
| | - Stefano Eleuteri
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology,
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Gabster
- Department of Genomics and
Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
- National Research System, National
Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation, Panama City, Panama
- Center of Population Sciences for
Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Simukai Shamu
- Health Systems Strengthening
Division, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of
Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leona Plášilová
- Department of Psychology and Life
Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Sexology
and Psychopathology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech
Republic
| | | | - Adesola Olumide
- Institute of Child Health, College of
Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan,
Nigeria
| | - Priya Kosana
- Institute of Global Health and
Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Felipe Hurtado-Murillo
- Center for Sexual and Reproductive
Health, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elin C. Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of
Global Health and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Amanda Cleeve
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of
Global Health and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm,
Sweden
- South General Hospital, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | | | - Gabriela Perrotta
- Faculty of Psychology, University of
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucía Blanco
- Faculty of Psychology, University of
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual
Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,
Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research
and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth,
Australia
| | - Hanna Saltis
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research
and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth,
Australia
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases,
University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
| | - Chelsea Morroni
- Centre for Reproductive Health,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive
Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone,
Botswana
| | | | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual
Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,
Hamburg, Germany
| | - Takhona Grace Hlatshwako
- Institute of Global Health and
Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Rebecca Ryan
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive
Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone,
Botswana
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raquel Gomez Bravo
- Institute for Health and Behaviour,
Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg,
Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Van de Velde
- Center for Population, Family, and
Health, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Institute of Global Health and
Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
- Joseph D. Tucker, Institute of Global
Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Bioinformatics, 130 Mason Farm Road, 2nd Floor, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Wong LP, Farid NDN, Alias H, Yusop SM, Musa Z, Hu Z, Lin Y. COVID-19 responses and coping in young Malaysians from low-income families. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1165023. [PMID: 37255690 PMCID: PMC10225688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1165023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to shed light on how young people from low-income families were responding to COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited young people aged between 18 and 24 years from the low-income-group communities. A convenience sampling approach was used. Google Surveys were used to gather data from the survey. The questionnaire consisted of an assessment of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, parent-youth conflict (Parental Environment Questionnaire, PEQ), resilient coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale, BRCS), and psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-short form, DASS-21). Results A total of 561 complete responses were received. The results showed a low level of parent-child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 36-48]. Higher parent-child conflicts were found in females than in males (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.19-2.57) and in youth from households with an income below MYR 2000 than those earning MYR 3,001-5,000 (OR = 4.39, 95% CI 2.40-8.03). A low prevalence of depression (12.5%), anxiety (15.2%), and stress (6.4%) was found. Parent-child conflict remains the strongest significant predictor for higher levels of depression (OR = 10.90, 95% CI 4.31-27.57), anxiety (OR = 11.92, 95% CI 5.05-28.14), and stress (OR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.41-16.33) symptoms. Poor resilient coping was the second strongest predictor for depression and anxiety symptoms. Regarding lifestyle factors, a lower level of physical exercise was associated with higher symptoms of depression. By demographics, females reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than males. Young people from low-income households reported greater severity in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than those from high-income households. Young people who are employed also reported greater severity of anxiety symptoms than those who are unemployed. Discussion The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an unpredictable impact on the lives of vulnerable youth in low-income families that warrants attention in future advocacy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofia Md Yusop
- National Population and Family Development Board [Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara (LPPKN)], Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuhrah Musa
- National Population and Family Development Board [Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara (LPPKN)], Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Wong LP, Alias H, Farid NDN, Yusop SM, Musa Z, Hu Z, Lin Y. Parent-child relationships and psychological distress: survey of parents from low-income families after the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1158698. [PMID: 37213607 PMCID: PMC10196452 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1158698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to shed light on parent-child relationships and the psychological health of parents from low-income families after the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 553 parents of children aged 13-24 years in low-income community settings. The Parent-Child Conflict scale of the Parental Environment Questionnaire (PEQ) was used to measure parent-child conflict. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale short form (DASS-21). Results The study revealed a low level of parent-child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 36 to 48). Concerning demographics, married parents reported a likelihood of having a higher level of parent-child conflict over 3 times higher than single parents (OR = 3.18 95%, CI 1.30-7.75). More parent-child conflicts were also found in parents aged 60-72 years old who were unemployed, retired, or housewives and from lower-income groups. In regard to lifestyle factors, a higher level of physical activity and having enough sleep were associated with lower levels of parent-child conflict. Only approximately 1% of the participants reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress. Discussion Low risk exists for parent-child conflict and psychological sequelae following the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, which could be due to various support measures implemented by the government. Vulnerable parents identified as being at risk of parent-child conflict warrant attention in future advocacy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Li Ping Wong,
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofia Md Yusop
- National Population and Family Development Board (LPPKN), LPPKN Building, Jalan Raja Laut, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuhrah Musa
- National Population and Family Development Board (LPPKN), LPPKN Building, Jalan Raja Laut, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yulan Lin,
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Wan KS, Tok PSK, Yoga Ratnam KK, Aziz N, Isahak M, Zaki RA, Nik Farid ND, Hairi NN, Wai Hoe VC, Rampal S, Ng CW, Samsudin MF, Venugopal V, Asyraf M, Damanhuri NH, Doraimuthu S, Arumugam CT, Marthammuthu T, Nawawi FA, Baharudin F, Quan Chong DW, Jayaraj VJ, Magarita V, Ponnampalavanar S, Hasnan N, Kamarulzaman A, Said MA. Correction: Implementation of a COVID-19 surveillance programme for healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in an upper-middle-income country. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268492. [PMID: 35544532 PMCID: PMC9094549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Singh S, Zaki RA, Farid NDN, Kaur K. The Determinants of Mental Health Literacy among Young Adolescents in Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19063242. [PMID: 35328930 PMCID: PMC8953899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) is an established multifaceted concept that comprises mental health knowledge, help-seeking, and stigma. Adequate MHL (i.e., the ability to correctly recognize mental health disorders alongside having the intention to seek help) is able improve mental health outcomes among individuals. This study aims to examine the determinants of MHL among young Malaysian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1400 adolescents between 13 and 14 years old from nine national secondary schools in Selangor state, Malaysia. Sociodemographic determinants assessed included gender, age, ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of being bullied, feeling lonely, parental marital status, and parental income which were assessed using the Global School Based Student Health Survey. MHL was assessed using the Mental Health Literacy and Stigma questionnaire. Several factors were significantly associated with adequate levels of MHL following multivariate analysis, such as being female (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.12, 2.52), older adolescents (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.07, 2.30), not smoking (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.20, 4.26), not consuming alcohol (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.18, 2.41), and not feeling lonely (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.06, 1.85). Addressing these determinants could be key in assisting the development of policies and programs to prevent mental health disorders among adolescents, which are currently on the rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbhan Singh
- Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-122-017-412
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.A.Z.); (N.D.N.F.)
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.A.Z.); (N.D.N.F.)
| | - Kushilpal Kaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves 68100, Malaysia;
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Yoga Ratnam KK, Nik Farid ND, Wong LP, Yakub NA, Abd Hamid MAI, Dahlui M. Exploring the Decisional Drivers of Deviance: A Qualitative Study of Institutionalized Adolescents in Malaysia. Adolescents 2022; 2:86-100. [DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents who break the law or deviate from social norms are often criminalized as their behavior is perceived as resulting from conscious choices. However, it is likely that such choices result from their circumstances, namely the failure of their proximal environment to safeguard their wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the background variables and choices that led these institutionalized adolescents down the road of deviance. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews, conducted between March and May 2018, with 18 participants aged between 15 to 19 years. Participants were purposefully sampled from various welfare institutions in the states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. Audio recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. We found three core themes, (i) Sources of Distress, (ii) Drivers of Deviance, and (iii) Adjustment Strategies for Coping with Distress, which appeared to have influenced participants’ life trajectories and eventual institutionalization. The findings showed that participants were disadvantaged by backgrounds of risk and vulnerability, characterized by a lack of social support and opportunities for personal development, negative schooling experiences, and negative peer interactions. Substance abuse, which provided a coping strategy for the participants, may have further contributed to their delinquency. Drawing upon the socio ecological model (SEM), we systematically identify interventional opportunities at the individual, community, and policy levels to safeguard the wellbeing of at-risk adolescents. We make recommendations aimed at improving the family dynamics, promoting a healthy schooling experience, and transforming neighborhoods into a safe and nurturing environment.
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Khoo YY, Farid NDN, Choo WY, Omar A. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of young-onset hypertension in Malaysia, 2006-2015. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:106-116. [PMID: 33536547 PMCID: PMC8766289 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The continuous presence of elevated blood pressure (BP) when young is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of young-onset hypertension (YOH) in Malaysia during the period 2006-2015. Data on respondents aged 18-39 diagnosed with YOH according to the 7th Joint National Committee Report (USA) were extracted from three National Health and Morbidity Surveys (2006, 2011, and 2015). The prevalence of YOH remained stable: 17.7%, 95% CI [17.0, 18.3] in 2006, 17.0%, 95% CI [16.0, 17.9] in 2011 and 18.4%, 95% CI [17.4, 19.4] in 2015. Awareness, treatment and control rates were suboptimal; 15% were aware of their diagnosis, of which less than 50% were on treatment and less than 40% who were on treatment had their BP controlled. Trend analysis revealed a significant increase in YOH prevalence among urban dwellers; those with no formal and tertiary education and middle-income earners. YOH awareness and treatment rates were lower among respondents <30 years; however, when treated, this group achieved overall better control rates. Females had higher awareness and treatment rates, but lower control. Treatment rates remained stable for all ethnicities with the exception of Chinese, which decreased. This study narrows the knowledge gap on YOH epidemiology in Malaysia by providing crucial information on the pervasiveness of hypertension among young adults. Results can be used to develop non-communicable disease policies and health promotion strategies specially targeted at young adults who are in the prime of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yi Khoo
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ,grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Centre for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azahadi Omar
- grid.415759.b0000 0001 0690 5255Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Ratnam KKY, Nordin A, Tok PSK, Farid NDN, Dahlui M. Mental Health Interventions in Juvenile Detention Institutions: A
Systematic Review of What Works. APS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666211116163220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Incarcerated adolescents within the juvenile justice system are
more likely to be diagnosed with poor mental health compared with their non-incarcerated
peers. Conducting clinical trials on mental health interventions among an incarcerated
adolescent population is challenging due to the nature of detention facilities.
Objectives:
This systematic review examines available literature on Randomized Clinical
Trials (RCT) done to assess mental health interventions among incarcerated adolescents
globally and to determine the type of intervention that would best work in this setting. In
this study, a systematic review was conducted to search, identify, and recommend effective
interventions best suited to preserve and improve the mental wellbeing of incarcerated
adolescents within the detention institution setting.
Method:
The search was performed in Medline via Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and
Web of Science databases to retrieve related publications released between 1970 and March
2021. The principal inclusion criteria were RCT articles issued in English that reported any
mental health interventions performed in juvenile detention centers involving delinquent
adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old.
Results:
The search discovered 10 related articles that fulfilled the required inclusion
criteria. In total, there were seven different types of mental health interventions used in all
the studies. The three major themes identified among the selected studies are the
interventions for coping strategies, risky behavior, and attention disorder among
incarcerated adolescents. The efficacy of the interventions was dependent on the level of
intelligence, duration of incarceration, risk of treatment diffusion, and depression symptoms
among incarcerated adolescents.
Conclusions:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention that is simple, brief, unique,
and targets depressive symptoms, has the potential to be most efficacious in improving
mental health among incarcerated adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishwen Kanna Yoga Ratnam
- Centre of Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Abid Nordin
- MedCentral Consulting, Kuala Lumpur,,Malaysia
| | - Peter Seah Keng Tok
- Centre of Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Centre of Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Centre of Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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11
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Chong DWQ, Jayaraj VJ, Ng CW, Sam IC, Said MA, Ahmad Zaki R, Hairi NN, Nik Farid ND, Hoe VCW, Isahak M, Ponnampalavanar S, Syed Omar SF, Kamaruzzaman SB, Ong HC, Hasmukharay K, Hasnan N, Kamarulzaman A, Chan YF, Chong YM, Rampal S. Propagation of a hospital-associated cluster of COVID-19 in Malaysia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1238. [PMID: 34886794 PMCID: PMC8655495 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitals are vulnerable to COVID-19 outbreaks. Intrahospital transmission of the disease is a threat to the healthcare systems as it increases morbidity and mortality among patients. It is imperative to deepen our understanding of transmission events in hospital-associated cases of COVID-19 for timely implementation of infection prevention and control measures in the hospital in avoiding future outbreaks. We examined the use of epidemiological case investigation combined with whole genome sequencing of cases to investigate and manage a hospital-associated cluster of COVID-19 cases. METHODS An epidemiological investigation was conducted in a University Hospital in Malaysia from 23 March to 22 April 2020. Contact tracing, risk assessment, testing, symptom surveillance, and outbreak management were conducted following the diagnosis of a healthcare worker with SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR. These findings were complemented by whole genome sequencing analysis of a subset of positive cases. RESULTS The index case was symptomatic but did not fulfill the initial epidemiological criteria for routine screening. Contact tracing suggested epidemiological linkages of 38 cases with COVID-19. Phylogenetic analysis excluded four of these cases. This cluster included 34 cases comprising ten healthcare worker-cases, nine patient-cases, and 15 community-cases. The epidemic curve demonstrated initial intrahospital transmission that propagated into the community. The estimated median incubation period was 4.7 days (95% CI: 3.5-6.4), and the serial interval was 5.3 days (95% CI: 4.3-6.5). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the contribution of integrating epidemiological investigation and whole genome sequencing in understanding disease transmission in the hospital setting. Contact tracing, risk assessment, testing, and symptom surveillance remain imperative in resource-limited settings to identify and isolate cases, thereby controlling COVID-19 outbreaks. The use of whole genome sequencing complements field investigation findings in clarifying transmission networks. The safety of a hospital population during this COVID-19 pandemic may be secured with a multidisciplinary approach, good infection control measures, effective preparedness and response plan, and individual-level compliance among the hospital population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Woei-Quan Chong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Vivek Jason Jayaraj
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Wan Ng
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Chee-Wai Hoe
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marzuki Isahak
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Hang-Cheng Ong
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kejal Hasmukharay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Hasnan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoong Min Chong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Singh S, Zaki RA, Farid NDN, Kaur K. Reliability analysis of the Malay version of the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale (CESD) among adolescents in Malaysia. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101585. [PMID: 34976645 PMCID: PMC8683883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder that affects many adolescents worldwide. Therefore, there is a need for reliable instruments to screen for depression symptoms among adolescents. This study aims to determine the reliability of the Malay version of the Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) among adolescents in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 65 adolescents ages between 12 and 14 years from two secondary schools in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur from May 2017 to July 2017. Cronbach's alpha (α), McDonald's omega (ω), Spearman Brown split half reliability (rSB), and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were examine to determine the internal consistency and two week test-retest reliability. The overall CESD scale was found to have good internal consistency with α = 0.882 (95% CI 0.837, 0.914), ω = 0.886 (95% CI 0.837, 0.916) and rSB = 0.909. The CESD subscales, Somatic symptoms (α = 0.824; 95% CI 0.739, 0.878; ω = 0.828; 95% CI 0.738, 0.885; rSB = 0.825), Depressive affect (α = 0.822; 95% CI 0.745, 0.880; ω = 0.834; 95% CI 0.750, 0.884; rSB = 0.847) and Positive affect (α = 0.610; 95% CI 0.326, 0.721; ω = 0.612; 95% CI 0.379, 0.723 and rSB = 0.608) indicated acceptable to good internal consistency. The 2-week test-retest reliability ICC was 0.926 (95% CI 0.851, 0.961) for the total score reliability. The reliability analysis of the Malay version of CESD shows satisfactory α, ω, rSB and ICC values, therefore making it a reliable instrument to screen for depression among adolescents in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbhan Singh
- Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kushilpal Kaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Selangor 68100, Malaysia
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13
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Teoh SP, Bustamam RS, Mustapha FI, Yip CH, Saad M, Somasundaram S, Megat Ramli PN, Nik Farid ND, Bhoo-Pathy N. Proposal for development of a guideline in maintaining quality cancer care during and post-covid-19 in an upper middle-income country with universal health coverage. J Cancer Policy 2021; 30:100300. [PMID: 35559796 PMCID: PMC8378062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background During periods of high community transmission of COVID-19, the public hospitals in Malaysia, an upper middle-income country, have been forced to scale down elective surgeries, prioritize cancer treatments based on treatment benefits, and postpone non-emergency imaging procedures. These inevitably led to disruptions in cancer care delivery within the public health care system. This study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers faced by healthcare providers and cancer survivors in cancer care, and to co-design a guideline to maintain the delivery of cancer care amid the disaster situations. Method In-depth interviews (IDIs) will be conducted with Malaysian healthcare providers and cancer survivors and findings will be analysed thematically. The insights will be used in a subsequent phase to co-design a guideline to maintain the delivery of quality cancer care in Malaysia via a three-round modified Delphi survey with a broad range of cancer stakeholders. Expected results Findings derived from IDIs and existing literature will be included for rating across three rounds by the expert panel. Feedback provided will be refined until consensus on the best practises for cancer care continuity during crises is achieved. Conclusion The output of the present study is not only expected to ensure the continuity of delivery of high-quality cancer care in Malaysia during the ongoing pandemic but also to be adapted during unforeseen crises in the near future. Policy summary statement Collaborative work between policy makers, public health physicians, members of the multidisciplinary oncology team as well as cancer survivors is vital in developing an evidenced- based contingency plan for maintaining access to cancer care.
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14
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Othman M, Farid NDN, Aghamohammadi N, Danaee M. Determinants of smokeless tobacco use and prevalence among Sudanese adolescents. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:176. [PMID: 34641965 PMCID: PMC8507347 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco is a part of social and cultural life in Sudan. The affordability and availability of this kind of tobacco make it a fundamental issue in adolescents. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of the use of smokeless tobacco in adolescents and its determinants. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state in Sudan. The study targeted male and female adolescents in secondary schools. A total of 3387 students from public and private schools participated in the study. Multistage random sampling was used to select the participants. The Arabic version questionnaire from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was utilised to collect the data from the participants. RESULTS Among the participants, 57.3% were females and 42.7% were males. Students from private and public schools were 48.4 and 51.6%, respectively. The overall prevalence of those who had ever used smokeless tobacco was 7.6%, in which the prevalence among male students was 11.0% while among females was 5.0%. The determinant factors were male gender (OR 1.53 CI 95% 1.03-2.28), family structure (OR 1.52 CI 95% 1.03-2.23), exposure to second-hand smoke at home (OR 1.60 CI 95% 1.11-2.31), friends smoking cigarettes (OR 1.78 CI 95% 1.22-2.60), lack of restriction of selling tobacco to minors (OR 1.73 CI 95% 1.25-2.39), promotion of smokeless tobacco (OR 2.12 CI 95% 1.20-3.72) and low self-efficacy (OR 7.47 CI 95% 4.45-12.52). CONCLUSION A comprehensive prevention programme that enforces the prohibition of the promotion of smokeless tobacco and the selling of smokeless tobacco to minors is crucial. Moreover, the prevention programme should enhance adolescents' self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Othman
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasrin Aghamohammadi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Abstract
Early childhood development is influenced by a child's environmental experiences. The qualities of surrounding in which a child lives, grows up and learns are key for attaining their milestones. Increased availability of screen-based media in families leads to excessive screen time among young children, resulting in high chances of displacing parent-child interaction which is fundamental in a thriving child's process of learning and development. Numerous publications have investigated the potential health impacts of early exposure and excessive usage of screen-based media among children, with literature suggesting links between excessive screen time and behavioural difficulties, developmental delay and increased risk of obesity, among other issues. Existing guidelines from international bodies call for limiting screen time to an hour per day for children aged two to five years old and urge that children below the age of two should not be exposed to any screen time. To spark awareness among parents and caregivers concerning the potential health impacts of screen-based media usage among young children, child media habits are recommended to be incorporated as part of toddlers' developmental assessment in health clinics. A guideline for mindful usage of screen-based media focusing on children below the age of five tailored to a Malaysian context ought to be developed based on current evidence from research, theory and practice. A collaborative effort between concerned agencies is essential to ensuring a developmentally stimulating environment in which young children may grow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Thamarai Arumugam
- Medical Degree (MD), Master of Public Health (MPH), Doctor in Public Health (DrPH) Candidate, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- MBBS, MPH (Epidemiology), PhD, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice (CEEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- MBBS (Adelaide), MPH (Malaya), DrPH (Malaya), Medical Lecturer and Public Health Specialist, Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Chong DWQ, Jayaraj VJ, Rampal S, Said MA, Farid NDN, Zaki RA, Hairi NN, Hoe VCW, Isahak M, Ponnampalavanar S, Omar SFS, Sam IC, Hasnan N, Ong HC, Kamarulzaman A, Ng CW. Establishment of a hospital-based health care workers surveillance programme to keep them safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Glob Health 2020; 10:0203100. [PMID: 33304566 PMCID: PMC7714316 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.0203100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Woei-Quan Chong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Vivek Jason Jayaraj
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Chee-Wai Hoe
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marzuki Isahak
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Hasnan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hang-Cheng Ong
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Wan Ng
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Kohno A, Techasrivichien T, Suguimoto SP, Dahlui M, Nik Farid ND, Nakayama T. Investigation of the key factors that influence the girls to enter into child marriage: A meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235959. [PMID: 32678862 PMCID: PMC7367464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized findings from qualitative studies to identify the key factors that influence child marriage. We used a meta-ethnographic approach coupled with thematic synthesis. We searched literature from nine databases, which were in English language, covering areas in public health, psychology, and social science between 2008 and 2018. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis. We identified six main themes: human insecurity and conflict; legal issues; family values and circumstances; religious beliefs; individual circumstances, beliefs, and knowledge; and social norms. Our findings highlight the impact of human insecurity and conflict, as well as legal issues. In spite of global progress scaling up legislation against child marriage, the legal framework is insufficiently enforced in many settings. Most of the included studies were from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. Studies from other parts of the world such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, which have the highest rates of child marriage, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kohno
- Internationalization Promotion Office, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Teeranee Techasrivichien
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Unit for Global Health, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- International Institute of Socio-Epidemiology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S. Pilar Suguimoto
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Education Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Centre for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Internationalization Promotion Office, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Kohno A, Dahlui M, Nik Farid ND, Safii R, Nakayama T. Why girls get married early in Sarawak, Malaysia - an exploratory qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:46. [PMID: 32131810 PMCID: PMC7057601 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-00911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child marriage, a marriage that involves someone under the age of 18 years, is a long-standing social issue in Sarawak state, Malaysia. The state has taken several measures to improve situations of inequity for women who get married early; however, the practice is still a common part of the tradition and culture. The aim of this study was to explore the factors leading to child marriage in Sarawak state, Malaysia. METHODS This was an exploratory qualitative study conducted via semi-structured interviews with twenty-two women who were married when they were younger than 18 years old in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Participants were recruited through purposive and convenient sampling with the use of data from a reproductive health clinic and recruitment in villages. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS Four overarching themes were identified: health risk behaviour, family poverty, early marriage as fate, and family disharmony. CONCLUSIONS In-depth understanding of the unique factors leading to child marriage locally will facilitate the introduction of new approaches to interventions to eradicate child marriage in Sarawak state, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kohno
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Kota SBY, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razitasham Safii
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Shisha smoking has re-emerged in the Middle East in the last two decades and has spread rapidly in these communities. Information about shisha smoking in adolescents in Sudan is deficient. Hence, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of shisha smoking among adolescents and determine the associated factors. METHODS This study is a school based cross sectional study among secondary school students in Khartoum State - Sudan that targets both male and female students aged 14-17 years. A total of 3387 students from 29 public and private schools were selected by multi stage random sampling. The participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire which was based on Arabic version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). RESULTS The response rate was 100% in schools and among participants, 57.3% were females and 51.6% were from public schools. The overall prevalence of those who had ever smoked shisha was 13.4%, and among male students the prevalence was 16.8%, while it was 10.9% in females. The associated factors were poor academic performance OR 2.90 CI 95% (1.21-6.94), friends smoking shisha OR 2.39 CI 95% (1.65-3.45), friends smoking cigarettes OR 2.76 CI 95% (1.90-4.01), peer pressure to smoke shisha OR 13.76 CI 95% (7.86-24.07) and unexpectedly restriction of selling shisha to minors OR 2.21 CI 95% (1.28-3.82). CONCLUSION The prevalence of those who had ever smoked shisha is among the lowest in Middle East region; therefore, regular surveillance system is needed. A well-structured peer based comprehensive tobacco control programmes that are supported by strict and rigorous anti-tobacco regulations which control both commercial and social resources of tobacco are needed to contain this issue among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Othman
- Department of Social and Preventive medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasrin Aghamohammadi
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine individual, familial, community and societal issues surrounding the reasons for child marriage in Kelantan, Malaysia. DESIGN Qualitative study by means of semistructured interviews with women and key informants, using social-ecological model as a conceptual framework. SETTING Interviews were conducted in Kota Bharu district, Kelantan, a northeast state in Peninsular Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen women of reproductive age (18 to 44 years old) that experienced their first marriage below the age of 18, as well as five key informants, consisting of a government officer, a community leader, an officer from religious department and two mothers. The women were recruited from a reproductive health clinic. The key informants who had specialised knowledge related to child marriage were selectively chosen. RESULTS Three themes emerged that aligned with the social-ecological model: immaturity in decision-making, family poverty and religious and cultural norms. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that sex education and awareness-building activities regarding the consequences of child marriage must be implemented to eradicate child marriage in Malaysia. Such implementation must be coordinated as a team-based approach involving experts in such fields as law, religion, psychology, social-welfare and public health. In order to increase the awareness of child marriage consequences, the target for awareness must extend not only to the adolescent girls and their families, but also to the community and society at large by clearly communicating the negative consequences of and addressing the drivers for child marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kohno
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Centre for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hawa Ali
- Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Singh S, Zaki RA, Farid NDN. A systematic review of depression literacy: Knowledge, help-seeking and stigmatising attitudes among adolescents. J Adolesc 2019; 74:154-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kohno A, Musa G, Nik Farid ND, Abdul Aziz N, Nakayama T, Dahlui M. Issues in healthcare services in Malaysia as experienced by Japanese retirees. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:167. [PMID: 27151089 PMCID: PMC4858838 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, international retirement migration is growing in its popularity and Japanese retirees choose Malaysia as their most preferred destination. This study examines the pertinent issues related to healthcare services as experienced by Japanese retirees in this country. Methods and results From January to March 2015, we conducted focus group discussions with 30 Japanese retirees who live in Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh. Guided by the social-ecological model, we discovered seven pertinent themes: ‘language barriers’,’healthcare decisions’, ‘medical check-ups’,‘healthcare insurance’, ‘nursing and palliative care’, ‘trust and distrust of healthcare services’, and ‘word-of-mouth information’. Discussion We identified seven pertinent issues related to healthcare services among Japanese retirees in Malaysia, of which four are especially important. These issues are explained as integrated themes within the social-ecological model. Language barriers prohibit them from having difficulty accessing to healthcare in Malaysia, but lack of will to improve their language skills exist among them. For that reason, they rely heavily on word-of-mouth information when seeking for healthcare. As a consequence, some develop feelings of trust and distrust of healthcare services. In addition, we have identified the needs for provide nursing and palliative care among Japanese retirees in Malaysia. Conclusion Based on the magnitude of the discussion, we concluded that there are four crucial healthcare issues among Japanese retirees; ‘language barriers’, ‘trust and distrust of healthcare services’, ‘word-of-mouth information’ and ‘nursing and palliative care’. We propose that further dialogue by healthcare stakeholders should be carried out to improve further the healthcare service provisions for Japanese retirees in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kohno
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Ghazali Musa
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlaili Abdul Aziz
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Julius Centre, University of Malaya (JCUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE While living overseas in another culture, retirees need to adapt to a new environment but often this causes difficulties, particularly among those elderly who require healthcare services. This study examines factors affecting healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia. DESIGN We conducted 6 focus group discussions with Japanese retirees and interviewed 8 relevant medical services providers in-depth. Guided by the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model, we managed and analysed the data, using QSR NVivo 10 software and the directed content analysis method. SETTING We interviewed participants at Japan Clubs and their offices. PARTICIPANTS 30 Japanese retirees who live in Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh, and 8 medical services providers. RESULTS We identified health beliefs, medical symptoms and health insurance as the 3 most important themes, respectively, representing the 3 dimensions within the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model. Additionally, language barriers, voluntary health repatriation to Japan and psychological support were unique themes that influence healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees. CONCLUSIONS The healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia could be partially explained by the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model, together with some factors that were unique findings to this study. Healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia could be improved by alleviating negative health beliefs through awareness programmes for Japanese retirees about the healthcare systems and cultural aspects of medical care in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kohno
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ghazali Musa
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlaili Abdul Aziz
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre, University of Malaya (JCUM), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Farid NDN, Rus SC, Dahlui M, Al-Sadat N, Aziz NA. Predictors of sexual risk behaviour among adolescents from welfare institutions in Malaysia: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14 Suppl 3:S9. [PMID: 25437631 PMCID: PMC4251141 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-s3-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In welfare institutions, it is essential to address the health-related needs of adolescent populations who often engage in sexual activities. This study examines the association between individual and interpersonal factors concerning sexual risk behaviour (SRB) among adolescents in welfare institutions in Malaysia. METHODS Data were derived from a cross-sectional study of 1082 adolescents in 22 welfare institutions located across Peninsular Malaysia in 2009. Using supervised self-administered questionnaires, adolescents were asked to assess their self-esteem and to complete questions on pubertal onset, substance use, family structure, family connectedness, parental monitoring, and peer pressure. SRB was measured through scoring of five items: sexual initiation, age of sexual debut, number of sexual partners, condom use, and sex with high-risk partners. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the various predictors of sexual risk behaviour. RESULTS The study showed that 55.1% (95%CI = 52.0-58.2) of the total sample was observed to practice sexual risk behaviours. Smoking was the strongest predictor of SRB among male adolescents (OR = 10.3, 95%CI = 1.25-83.9). Among females, high family connectedness (OR = 3.13, 95%CI = 1.64-5.95) seemed to predict the behaviour. CONCLUSION There were clear gender differences in predicting SRB. Thus, a gender-specific sexual and reproductive health intervention for institutionalised adolescents is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Che' Rus
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Rumah Sakit Bangsar, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nabilla Al-Sadat
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlaili Abdul Aziz
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nik Farid ND, Abdul Aziz N, Al-Sadat N, Jamaludin M, Dahlui M. Clinical breast examination as the recommended breast cancer screening modality in a rural community in Malaysia; what are the factors that could enhance its uptake? PLoS One 2014; 9:e106469. [PMID: 25188003 PMCID: PMC4154699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of deaths and the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of breast cancer screening, specifically on clinical breast examination, and the predictors of its uptake among women in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five selected districts whereby women aged between 20 to 64 years old, from a total of 1000 households were interviewed. A total of 1192 women responded to the survey of which 53.3% reported had ever done clinical breast examination. Significant associations with clinical breast examination were noted for income and distance from the hospital. These factors should be considered in developing interventions aimed at promoting clinical breast examination. In particular, healthcare providers should be proactive in raising awareness about clinical breast examination among women in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Norlaili Abdul Aziz
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nabilla Al-Sadat
- Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Jamaludin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Julius Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nik Farid ND, Che' Rus S, Dahlui M, Al-Sadat N. Determinants of sexual intercourse initiation among incarcerated adolescents: a mixed-method study. Singapore Med J 2013; 54:695-701. [PMID: 24356756 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2013244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the determinants of sexual intercourse initiation among incarcerated adolescents aged 12-19 years in Malaysia. METHODS This was a sequential mixed-method research project that was conducted in two phases. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the first and second phases, respectively. Data was collected via a survey using self-reported questionnaires from 1,082 adolescents, and from in-depth interviews and the written essays of 29 participants. The participants were recruited from 22 welfare institutions in peninsular Malaysia. RESULTS Among the study participants, 483 were male and 599 were female. Overall, 62.3% of the incarcerated adolescents had initiated sexual intercourse at least once. The mean age at first sexual intercourse for both genders was 14.0 years. Individual factors found to be associated with previous sexual intercourse were the female gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.74), previous alcohol use (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.10-2.94), previous illicit drug use (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.07-3.22), permissive attitude toward premarital sex (OR 4.34; 95% CI 2.17-8.70), and sexual abuse during childhood (OR 5.41; 95% CI 3.52-8.32). Qualitative findings revealed that the reasons for initiation of sexual intercourse among these adolescents were partner influence, inability to control sex drive, family issues, and the perception of sex as an expression of love. CONCLUSION The determinants of sexual intercourse initiation among incarcerated Malaysian adolescents are comparable to those of developed countries. However, in Malaysia, sexual and reproductive health programmes for such adolescents should be tailored to address their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sulaiman Che' Rus
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nabilla Al-Sadat
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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