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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Araújo EM, Uchida MC, Marzetti E, Aguiar SDS. Effects of resistance training associated with a verbal fluency task on physical performance and cognitive function in frail nursing home residents. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 121:105353. [PMID: 38340589 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies examining the effects of dual-task resistance training (RT) on nursing-home residents are still scarce. To add knowledge to this field, the present study compared the effects of 12-week RT and RT plus cognitive task (COG) programs on physical performance and cognitive function in a sample of frail nursing home residents. METHODS This is an experimental study that combined data from two studies that examined older adults living in nursing home residences in Brazil. Exercise groups performed a 12-week RT protocol that included four exercises, with 3-4 times (sets) of 8-10 repetitions at 70 %-75 % of 1-repetition maximum (1RM), twice a week. The RT+COG group evoked as many words was possible for specific categories during concentric actions of the squat on the chair (until 90° knee flexion) and seated unilateral knee extension exercises. Global cognitive function and physical performance were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests, respectively. RESULTS After interventions, participants in the RT+COG and RT groups had significantly greater lower-limb muscle strength compared with the control group (CG). Those in the RT+COG group had greater tandem performance in comparison to RT and CG groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that RT preserves lower-limb muscle strength in frail nursing home residents, regardless of performance of cognitive tasks. Better balance was exclusively observed in the RT+COG, whereas significant improvements in mobility status were only found in the RT group. The present investigation was based on a small sample of nursing home residents. Larger and more structured studies are necessary to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | | | - Marco Carlos Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-AKL, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil; University Centre UDF, Faculty of Physical Education, Brasília, Brazil.
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Izquierdo M, Cadore EL. Power to prolong independence and healthy ageing in older adults. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:524-526. [PMID: 38176853 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Brañas F, Díaz-Álvarez J, Fernández-Luna J, Vásquez-Brolen BD, García-Molina R, Moreno E, Ryan P, Martínez-Sanz J, Luna L, Martínez M, Dronda F, Sánchez-Conde M. A 12-week multicomponent exercise program enhances frailty by increasing robustness, improves physical performance, and preserves muscle mass in older adults with HIV: MOVIhNG study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1373910. [PMID: 38694984 PMCID: PMC11062244 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1373910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim was to analyze the effects of a multicomponent exercise program (MEP) on frailty and physical performance in older adults with HIV (OAWH) since exercise can reverse frailty in the older population overall, but there is no data for OAWH. Methods A prospective longitudinal study with intervention and control group was designed. Sedentary adults 50 or over with and without HIV were included. The intervention was a 12-week home-based MEP. Dependent variables were frailty (frailty phenotype), physical performance (Senior Fitness Test), muscle mass (ASMI) by bioimpedance. Pre- and postintervention measurements were analyzed using McNemar's test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for quantitative variables. Results 40 OAWH and 20 OA without HIV. The median age was 56.5 years. 23.3% were women. The prevalence of frailty was 6.6% with no frail HIV-negative participants. Three of the four frail HIV-participants transitioned two (50%) from frail to prefrail and one (25%) to robust after the MEP. In participants with an adherence ≥50%, physical performance was significantly improved [basal vs. 12 week]: upper extremity strength [13 (13-15) vs. 16 (15-19), p = 0.0001], lower extremity strength [13 (11-16) vs. 15 (13-16), p = 0.004], aerobic endurance [62 (55-71) vs. 66 (58-80), p = 0.005]. Participants with low adherence experienced a significant worsening in ASMI [8.35 (7.44-9.26) vs. 7.09 (6.08-8.62), p = 0.03]. Conclusion A 12-week MEP enhances frailty by increasing robustness in OAWH, and improves physical performance, and preserves muscle mass in older adults with good adherence to the MEP independently of HIV status. Clinical trial number NCT 05435521
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Brañas
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- FIIB H.U Infanta Leonor y H.U. Sureste, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael García-Molina
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro, Albacete, Spain
- CIBER de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). ISCIIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ryan
- FIIB H.U Infanta Leonor y H.U. Sureste, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). ISCIIII, Madrid, Spain
- HIV Clinic, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). ISCIIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Luna
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). ISCIIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Dronda
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). ISCIIII, Madrid, Spain
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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Li ML, Zhang F, Luo HY, Quan ZW, Wang YF, Huang LT, Wang JH. Improving sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of whey protein supplementation with or without resistance training. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100184. [PMID: 38350303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to comprehensively analyze the effects of whey protein (WP)-enriched supplement intake with or without resistance training (RT) in older patients, either from the community or hospital, who were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP or AWGS criteria. METHODS This meta-analysis study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023407885). We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for RCTs up to June 1, 2023. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the pooled results. RESULTS Ten RCT studies, including 1154 participants, were included and analyzed. The primary outcomes were the changes in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. In WP group versus (vs.) Isocaloric placebo (PLA)/Routine consultation (RC) group, WP significantly increased the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMD: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.71), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMD: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.45) and gait speed (SMD: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.82, 1.44) in older patients with sarcopenia. In WP with RT group vs. PLA/ RC group, there was significant increase in handgrip strength (SMD: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.29, 1.04). In addition, in the secondary outcomes, WP significantly reduced interleukin-6, significantly increased insulin-like growth factor-1 and albumin, promoted participants' intake of total energy and protein, enhanced activities of daily living scores in patients, and had no significant effect on BMI, weight, or fat mass. CONCLUSION This review confirms that WP can improve various aspects of older adult with sarcopenia, thereby enhancing their overall physical condition. More studies should be conducted to validate this result and further explore the effects of WP and RT in patients with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lin Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han-Yong Luo
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Wei Quan
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Mau T, Barnes HN, Blackwell TL, Kramer PA, Bauer SR, Marcinek DJ, Ramos SV, Forman DE, Toledo FGS, Hepple RT, Kritchevsky SB, Cummings SR, Newman AB, Coen PM, Cawthon PM. Lower muscle mitochondrial energetics is associated with greater phenotypic frailty in older women and men: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:2409-2424. [PMID: 37987886 PMCID: PMC10828481 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic frailty syndrome identifies older adults at greater risk for adverse health outcomes. Despite the critical role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular function, including energy production, the associations between muscle mitochondrial energetics and frailty have not been widely explored in a large, well-phenotyped, older population. METHODS The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) assessed muscle energetics in older adults (N = 879, mean age = 76.3 years, 59.2% women). 31Phosporous magnetic resonance spectroscopy measured maximal production of adenosine triphosphate (ATPmax) in vivo, while ex vivo high-resolution respirometry of permeabilized muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis measured maximal oxygen consumption supported by fatty acids and complex I- and II-linked carbohydrates (e.g., Max OXPHOSCI+CII). Five frailty criteria, shrinking, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, and low activity, were used to classify participants as robust (0, N = 397), intermediate (1-2, N = 410), or frail (≥ 3, N = 66). We estimated the proportional odds ratio (POR) for greater frailty, adjusted for multiple potential confounders. RESULTS One-SD decrements of most respirometry measures (e.g., Max OXPHOSCI+CII, adjusted POR = 1.5, 95%CI [1.2,1.8], p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with greater frailty classification. The associations of ATPmax with frailty were weaker than those between Max OXPHOSCI+CII and frailty. Muscle energetics was most strongly associated with slowness and low physical activity components. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that deficits in muscle mitochondrial energetics may be a biological driver of frailty in older adults. On the other hand, we did observe differential relationships between measures of muscle mitochondrial energetics and the individual components of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Haley N Barnes
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terri L Blackwell
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip A Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Scott R Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine-Division of Geriatrics and Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Care (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Inskip M, Almendrales Rangel C, Njoku CM, Barnett F, Shih I, O’Neill L, Fiatarone Singh MA, Valenzuela T. The Frailty Reduction via Implementation of Exercise, Nutrition, and Deprescribing (FRIEND) Trial: Study Protocol and Recruitment Results. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:26. [PMID: 38525784 PMCID: PMC10961770 DOI: 10.3390/mps7020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virtually all adults in aged care facilities are frail, a condition which contributes to falls, cognitive decline, hospitalisation, and mortality. Polypharmacy, malnutrition, sedentariness, and sarcopenia are risk factors amenable to intervention. The Asia-Pacific Frailty Management Guidelines recommend anabolic exercise and the optimisation of medications and nutrition. However, no study has evaluated this best practice intervention triad in aged care. METHODS The Frailty Reduction via the Implementation of Exercise, Nutrition, and Deprescribing (FRIEND) Trial (ANZCTR No.ACTRN12622000926730p) is a staged 6-month translational trial evaluating resident outcomes, staff/caregiver knowledge, and institutional implementation in a Townsville aged care facility. Residents received high-intensity resistance exercise and balance training and medication and nutrition optimisation co-implemented by investigators (exercise physiologist, geriatrician, pharmacist, and nutritionist) and facility staff. Staff and caregivers completed comprehensive education modules and training. We report the trial protocol and recruitment results. RESULTS 29 residents (21 female, age: 88.6 ± 6.3 years) were recruited. At baseline, the residents were frail (frailty scale nursing home (FRAIL-NH); 6.3 ± 2.4/14), cognitively impaired (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; 13.8 ± 6.8/30), functionally impaired (Short Physical Performance Battery; 4.9 ± 3.1/12, 6 min walk distance; 222.2 ± 104.4 m), and were prescribed numerous medications (15.5 ± 5.9). Two residents died and one withdrew before the intervention's commencement. Thirty family members and 19 staff (carers, allied health assistants, nurse managers, registered nurses, lifestyle-leisure officers, kitchen/hospitality staff, and senior leadership) were recruited to receive frailty education modules. CONCLUSIONS The FRIEND trial is currently being implemented with results expected in mid-2024. This is the first trial to evaluate the implementation of the best practice frailty guidelines including anabolic exercise and medication/nutritional optimisation in residential aged care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Inskip
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Carolina Almendrales Rangel
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - Fiona Barnett
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
| | - Isabel Shih
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - Maria A. Fiatarone Singh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Trinidad Valenzuela
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
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Pajski ML, Byrd C, Nandigama N, Seguin E, Seguin A, Fennell A, Graber TG. Endurance exercise preserves physical function in adult and older male C57BL/6 mice: high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus voluntary wheel running (VWR). FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1356954. [PMID: 38523671 PMCID: PMC10958787 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1356954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to improve physical function, mitigate aspects of chronic disease and to potentially alter the trajectory of age-related onset of frailty and sarcopenia. Reliable and valid preclinical models are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms at the intersection of age, exercise, and functional decline. The purpose of this study was to compare, head to head, the effects of two common pre-clinical models of endurance exercise: high intensity interval training (HIIT) and voluntary wheel running (VWR). The hypothesis was that a prescribed and regimented exercise program, HIIT, would prove to be a superior training method to unregulated voluntary exercise, VWR. To investigate this hypothesis, we evaluated adult (n = 24, designated 10 m, aged 6 months at the beginning of the study, 10 months at its completion) and older adult (n = 18, designated 26 m, aging from 22 months to 26 months over the course of the study) C57BL/6 male mice. These mice were randomly assigned (with selection criteria) to a 13-week program of voluntary wheel running (VWR), high intensity interval training (HIIT), or sedentary control (SED). The functional aptitude of each mouse was determined pre- and post-training using our composite CFAB (comprehensive functional assessment battery) scoring system consisting of voluntary wheel running (volitional exercise and activity rate), treadmill (endurance), rotarod (overall motor function), grip meter (forelimb strength), and inverted cling (whole body strength/endurance). To measure sarcopenia, we tracked body mass, body composition (with EchoMRI), plantar flexor torque (in 10 m), and measured muscle wet mass post-training. Overall, adult CFAB scores decreased while body mass and percent body fat increased as they matured; however, exercise significantly mitigated the changes (p < 0.05) compared to SED. Older adults demonstrated preservation of function (CFAB) and reduced body fat (p < 0.05) compared to SED. To conclude, both types of exercise maintained physical function equally in older mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Pajski
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Chris Byrd
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Nainika Nandigama
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Emily Seguin
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Anna Seguin
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Alyssa Fennell
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ted G. Graber
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- East Carolina Obesity and Diabetes Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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Sattar S, Haase KR, Lee K, Campbell KL. Exercise interventions for frail older adults with cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2024; 18:22-26. [PMID: 38126248 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Frailty is prevalent in older adults with cancer and can lead to complications during cancer treatment and poor health outcomes. Exercise has been shown to be a promising strategy to mitigate frailty and slow the accumulation of functional impairment in the general geriatric population. In this review, we present a discussion on the state of the science of exercise interventions for frail older adults with cancer. This review is timely and relevant given the aging of the population and corresponding increase in proportion of older adults living with cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Existing research related to exercise interventions for frail older adults with cancer appear to show some promise in feasibility and efficacy in both surgical and systemic treatment settings. SUMMARY More research on this topic and testing rigorously structured exercise interventions for older adults with cancer may help inform cancer-specific guidelines and create a foundation of evidence to enable implementation of exercise interventions. These interventions can support cancer care to attenuate frailty-related outcomes while extending its benefit to overall health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schroder Sattar
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Kristen R Haase
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia
- BC Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Control
| | - Kayoung Lee
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia
| | - Kristin L Campbell
- BC Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Control
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kirk B, Cawthon PM, Arai H, Ávila-Funes JA, Barazzoni R, Bhasin S, Binder EF, Bruyere O, Cederholm T, Chen LK, Cooper C, Duque G, Fielding RA, Guralnik J, Kiel DP, Landi F, Reginster JY, Sayer AA, Visser M, von Haehling S, Woo J, Cruz-Jentoft AJ. The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia: Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS). Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae052. [PMID: 38520141 PMCID: PMC10960072 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength/function, is an important clinical condition. However, no international consensus on the definition exists. OBJECTIVE The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aimed to address this by establishing the global conceptual definition of sarcopenia. DESIGN The GLIS steering committee was formed in 2019-21 with representatives from all relevant scientific societies worldwide. During this time, the steering committee developed a set of statements on the topic and invited members from these societies to participate in a two-phase International Delphi Study. Between 2022 and 2023, participants ranked their agreement with a set of statements using an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey). Statements were categorised based on predefined thresholds: strong agreement (>80%), moderate agreement (70-80%) and low agreement (<70%). Statements with strong agreement were accepted, statements with low agreement were rejected and those with moderate agreement were reintroduced until consensus was reached. RESULTS 107 participants (mean age: 54 ± 12 years [1 missing age], 64% men) from 29 countries across 7 continents/regions completed the Delphi survey. Twenty statements were found to have a strong agreement. These included; 6 statements on 'general aspects of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: the prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age (98.3%)), 3 statements on 'components of sarcopenia' (muscle mass (89.4%), muscle strength (93.1%) and muscle-specific strength (80.8%) should all be a part of the conceptual definition of sarcopenia)) and 11 statements on 'outcomes of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: sarcopenia increases the risk of impaired physical performance (97.9%)). A key finding of the Delphi survey was that muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle-specific strength were all accepted as 'components of sarcopenia', whereas impaired physical performance was accepted as an 'outcome' rather than a 'component' of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The GLIS has created the first global conceptual definition of sarcopenia, which will now serve to develop an operational definition for clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi Japan
| | - José A Ávila-Funes
- Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ellen F Binder
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX UK
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Group, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Dr Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition Exercise, Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jack Guralnik
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals and Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Ortega EF, Wu D, Guo W, Meydani SN, Panda A. Study protocol for a zinc intervention in the elderly for prevention of pneumonia, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical pilot trial. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1356594. [PMID: 38450236 PMCID: PMC10916881 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1356594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a major public health problem for older adults, being one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death, particularly for elderly nursing home residents. We previously conducted a clinical trial in which we demonstrated that 29% of nursing home residents had low serum zinc levels coinciding with a two-fold increase in pneumonia incidence and duration in comparison to individuals with adequate serum zinc levels. However, causality could not be inferred and necessitates a double-blind clinical trial. To determine the appropriate supplementation dose for such a trial we are conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical pilot trial aimed at delineating the optimal dosage (30 and 60 mg/day elemental Zn) and establishing safety. The results from the pilot study will be leveraged to inform our larger randomized clinical trial designed to study the effect of zinc supplementation in nursing home elderly with low serum zinc levels on respiratory infections, antibiotic use, and duration of sick days with pneumonia. In tandem with dose optimization, we will evaluate the correlation between serum zinc and pan-T cell zinc levels, given that T cells and their zinc levels are important in the response and resolution of respiratory infections but whose correlation has only been extrapolated and not demonstrated. Herein we present the study rationale and protocol, as well as discuss specific challenges we encountered in securing a manufacturer for the study agents and when recruiting from nursing home populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of these experiences, we provide recommendations for future clinical trials under circumstances where supply chains are disrupted, and recruitment pools are constrained or unavailable. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT05527899.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Panda
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Nakada T, Kozawa T, Seino S, Murota S, Eto M, Shimasawa J, Shimizu Y, Tsurugano S, Katsukawa F, Sakamoto K, Washizaki H, Ishigaki Y, Sakamoto M, Takadama K, Yanai K, Matsuo O, Kameue C, Suzuki H, Kurotani K, Ohkawara K. A Community-Based Intervention to Enhance Subjective Well-Being in Older Adults: Study Design and Baseline Participant Profiles. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:322. [PMID: 38338206 PMCID: PMC10855773 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Promoting subjective well-being is a crucial challenge in aging societies. In 2022, we launched a community-based intervention trial (the Chofu-Digital-Choju Movement). This initiative centered on fostering in-person and online social connections to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults. This paper describes the study design and baseline survey. This quasi-experimental study involved community-dwelling older adults aged 65-84 years in Chofu City, Tokyo, Japan. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 3742 residents (1681 men and 2061 women), and a baseline survey was conducted in January 2022. We assessed subjective well-being (primary outcome); psychosocial, physical, and dietary factors; and the use of information and communication technology variables (secondary outcomes) among the participants. After the intervention involving online classes, community hubs, and community events, a 2-year follow-up survey will be conducted to evaluate the effects of the intervention, comparing the intervention group (participants) with the control group (non-participants). We received 2503 questionnaires (66.9% response rate); of these, the analysis included 2343 questionnaires (62.6% valid response rate; mean age, 74.4 (standard deviation, 5.4) years; 43.7% male). The mean subjective well-being score was 7.2 (standard deviation, 1.9). This study will contribute to the development of a prototype subjective well-being strategy for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Nakada
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Takako Kozawa
- Faculty of Human Health, Komazawa Women’s University, Tokyo 206-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Seino
- Research Team for Social Participation and Healthy Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shinichi Murota
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Miki Eto
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Economics, Osaka 533-8533, Japan
| | - Junko Shimasawa
- School of Nursing, The Jikei University, Tokyo 182-8570, Japan
| | - Yumiko Shimizu
- School of Nursing, The Jikei University, Tokyo 182-8570, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsurugano
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuminori Katsukawa
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sakamoto
- Green Computing Systems Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
| | - Hironori Washizaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
| | - Yo Ishigaki
- Research Center for Realizing Sustainable Societies, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Maki Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Keiki Takadama
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Keiji Yanai
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Kameue
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Hitomi Suzuki
- Office for Research Strategy, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, Showa Women’s University, Tokyo 154-8533, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ohkawara
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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13
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Singh SJ, Daynes E, McAuley HJC, Raman B, Greening NJ, Chalder T, Elneima O, Evans RA, Bolton CE. Balancing the value and risk of exercise-based therapy post-COVID-19: a narrative review. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230110. [PMID: 38123233 PMCID: PMC10731468 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0110-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to ongoing symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue and muscle pain, which can have a substantial impact on an individual. Exercise-based rehabilitation programmes have proven beneficial in many long-term conditions that share similar symptoms. These programmes have favourably influenced breathlessness, fatigue and pain, while also increasing functional capacity. Exercise-based rehabilitation may benefit those with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19. However, some precautions may be necessary prior to embarking on an exercise programme. Areas of concern include ongoing complex lung pathologies, such as fibrosis, cardiovascular abnormalities and fatigue, and concerns regarding post-exertional symptom exacerbation. This article addresses these concerns and proposes that an individually prescribed, symptom-titrated exercise-based intervention may be of value to individuals following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Singh
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Enya Daynes
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Hamish J C McAuley
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Betty Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Omer Elneima
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachael A Evans
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlotte E Bolton
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Elliehausen CJ, Anderson RM, Diffee GM, Rhoads TW, Lamming DW, Hornberger TA, Konopka AR. Geroprotector drugs and exercise: friends or foes on healthy longevity? BMC Biol 2023; 21:287. [PMID: 38066609 PMCID: PMC10709984 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and several pharmacological approaches individually combat age-associated conditions and extend healthy longevity in model systems. It is tantalizing to extrapolate that combining geroprotector drugs with exercise could extend healthy longevity beyond any individual treatment. However, the current dogma suggests that taking leading geroprotector drugs on the same day as exercise may limit several health benefits. Here, we review leading candidate geroprotector drugs and their interactions with exercise and highlight salient gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to identify if geroprotector drugs can have a harmonious relationship with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Elliehausen
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gary M Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Baumann CW, Deane CS, Etheridge T, Szewczyk NJ, Willis CRG, Lowe DA. Adaptability to eccentric exercise training is diminished with age in female mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1135-1145. [PMID: 37823203 PMCID: PMC10979833 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00428.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of skeletal muscle to adapt to eccentric contractions has been suggested to be blunted in older muscle. If eccentric exercise is to be a safe and efficient training mode for older adults, preclinical studies need to establish if older muscle can effectively adapt and if not, determine the molecular signatures that are causing this impairment. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent age impacts functional adaptations of muscle and identify genetic signatures associated with adaptation (or lack thereof). The anterior crural muscles of young (4 mo) and older (28 mo) female mice performed repeated bouts of eccentric contractions in vivo (50 contractions/wk for 5 wk) and isometric torque was measured across the initial and final bouts. Transcriptomics was completed by RNA-sequencing 1 wk following the fifth bout to identify common and differentially regulated genes. When torques post eccentric contractions were compared after the first and fifth bouts, young muscle exhibited a robust ability to adapt, increasing isometric torque 20%-36%, whereas isometric torque of older muscle decreased up to 18% (P ≤ 0.047). Using differential gene expression, young and older muscles shared some common transcriptional changes in response to eccentric exercise training, whereas other transcripts appeared to be age dependent. That is, the ability to express particular genes after repeated bouts of eccentric contractions was not the same between ages. These molecular signatures may reveal, in part, why older muscles do not appear to be as adaptive to exercise training as young muscles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ability to adapt to exercise training may help prevent and combat sarcopenia. Here, we demonstrate young mouse muscles get stronger whereas older mouse muscles become weaker after repeated bouts of eccentric contractions, and that numerous genes were differentially expressed between age groups following training. These results highlight that molecular and functional plasticity is not fixed in skeletal muscle with advancing age, and the ability to handle or cope with physical stress may be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory W Baumann
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Colleen S Deane
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Development & Health, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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16
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Murata A, Akiyama H, Honda H, Shimizu K. Electrical pulse stimulation-induced tetanic exercise simulation increases the secretion of extracellular vesicles from C2C12 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:177-184. [PMID: 37354611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into the blood during exercise mediate its whole-body health effects. The differentiation of EVs released by skeletal muscle cells in vivo from those released by other cells is challenging, therefore, it is unclear whether exercise increases the number of EVs secreted by skeletal muscle cells. In this study, we investigated whether exercise affects the quantity of EVs released from skeletal muscle cells using in vitro exercise models. C2C12 myotubes were cultured on a gel layer with 1 or 30 Hz electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to induce contractions as an artificial simulating exercise. We found that tetanic contraction induced by 30 Hz EPS increased the number of secreted EVs. MicroRNA (miRNA)-seq analysis revealed that 30 Hz EPS altered the miRNA in the secreted EVs. Furthermore, expression analysis of genes related to the biogenesis and transport of EVs revealed that the expression of ALG-2 interacting protein X (Alix) was increased in response to 30 Hz EPS, and the peak value of intracellular Ca2+ in myotubes at 30 Hz EPS was higher than that at 1 Hz, indicating that the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration may be related to the increased secretion of EVs in response to 30 Hz EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Murata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Akiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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17
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Liu Y, Fan Y, Chen X. Effects of whole-body vibration training in static and dynamic semi-squat patterns on the lower limb muscle activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14432. [PMID: 37660154 PMCID: PMC10475118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in physical function and the deterioration of the neuromusculoskeletal system in older people can easily lead to reduced muscle strength and slower mobility in the joints of the lower limbs, increasing the incidence of chronic diseases such as muscle wasting disorders, osteoporosis, debilitation and fall and fracture. It may also affect the quality of life and functional independence of older people, and in serious cases, even directly threaten their health. This study was conducted to determine the differences in lower limb muscle activation characteristics between static semi-squat (SSS) and dynamic semi-squat (DSS) training in middle-aged and old women at different frequencies and amplitudes and to explore a personalized whole-body vibration (WBV) training instruction program suitable for them. Fifteen healthy middle-aged and old women (60.8 ± 4.18 years old) were recruited for SSS and DSS WBV training. Their muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF) and gastrocnemius (GS) were calculated using the BTS FreeEMG300 wireless surface electromyography (EMG), which participants were completed that the two different contraction patterns of squats on WBV training. The knee flexion was maintained at 45° while the subjects were performing the SSS training, while during the DSS training, the knee flexion fluctuates between 10° and 45°. The SSS exercise requires the subject to remain stationary in the squatting position and the DSS to be performed at a rhythm of 4 s/repetition, with 2 s of squatting, 1 s of standing up, and 1 s intervals. The vibration frequencies and amplitudes were changed to the WBV training intensity, and the vibration frequencies were set to 0 Hz, 30 Hz and 40 Hz, and the amplitudes were set to 0 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm. Each subject is randomised to participate in WBV training with 5 combinations of frequency and amplitude in both static and dynamic semi-squat patterns. These were 0 Hz 0 mm, 30 Hz 2 mm, 30 Hz 4 mm, 40 Hz 2 mm, 40 Hz 4 mm for the static and dynamic demi-squat patterns of WBV training. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to compare the changes in surface EMG of the lower limb muscles in different modes of SSS and DSS with WBV training. (1) Our results showed significantly interaction effects in the frequency × amplitude of root mean square (EMGrms) in GS (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in the interaction effects of SSS/DSS patterns, frequencies and amplitude of RF, VM, VL and BF (P > 0.05). (2) Comparisons between groups showed that the EMGrms of the RF were significantly higher for the DSS than the SSS (P < 0.05). Additionally, the EMGrms of VL and BF at 30 Hz and 40 Hz were greater than 0 Hz (P < 0.05). Also, The EMGrms at 4 mm for the VM, VL and BF were significantly higher than 0 mm, the EMGrms at 4 mm for the VM and VL were significantly higher than 2 mm (P < 0.05), and the EMGrms at 2 mm of VL and BF were significantly higher than 0 mm (P < 0.05). (3) The results showed that WBV stimulation significantly increased the EMGrms of the GS in the SSS compared with the vibration free semi-squat alone (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between WBV training protocols for SSS patterns with different frequencies and amplitudes (frequencies and amplitudes not were 0 Hz and 0 mm) (P > 0.05). Comparison of EMGrms for WBV training of the GS in DSS patterns showed that 40 Hz/4 mm was significantly higher than 0 Hz/0 mm (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the remaining vibration conditions (P > 0.05). WBV training for DSS can significantly improve the activation of the RF compared to SSS pattern. Compared with no vibration, WBV could significantly improv the activity of the lower limb muscles. Additionally, an increase in amplitude from 2 to 4 mm could significantly improve VM and VL activation, while no significant improvement on lower limb muscle activation was observed for increasing vibration frequency from 30 to 40 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Liu
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
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18
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GrönholdtKlein M, Gorzi A, Wang L, Edström E, Rullman E, Altun M, Ulfhake B. Emergence and Progression of Behavioral Motor Deficits and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy across the Adult Lifespan of the Rat. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1177. [PMID: 37759577 PMCID: PMC10526071 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The facultative loss of muscle mass and function during aging (sarcopenia) poses a serious threat to our independence and health. When activities of daily living are impaired (clinical phase), it appears that the processes leading to sarcopenia have been ongoing in humans for decades (preclinical phase). Here, we examined the natural history of sarcopenia in male outbred rats to compare the occurrence of motor behavioral deficits with the degree of muscle wasting and to explore the muscle-associated processes of the preclinical and clinical phases, respectively. Selected metrics were validated in female rats. We used the soleus muscle because of its long duty cycles and its importance in postural control. Results show that gait and coordination remain intact through middle age (40-60% of median lifespan) when muscle mass is largely preserved relative to body weight. However, the muscle shows numerous signs of remodeling with a shift in myofiber-type composition toward type I. As fiber-type prevalence shifted, fiber-type clustering also increased. The number of hybrid fibers, myofibers with central nuclei, and fibers expressing embryonic myosin increased from being barely detectable to a significant number (5-10%) at late middle age. In parallel, TGFβ1, Smad3, FBXO32, and MuRF1 mRNAs increased. In early (25-month-old) and advanced (30-month-old) aging, gait and coordination deteriorate with the progressive loss of muscle mass. In late middle age and early aging due to type II atrophy (>50%) followed by type I atrophy (>50%), the number of myofibers did not correlate with this process. In advanced age, atrophy is accompanied by a decrease in SCs and βCatenin mRNA, whereas several previously upregulated transcripts were downregulated. The re-expression of embryonic myosin in myofibers and the upregulation of mRNAs encoding the γ-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and myogenin that begins in late middle age suggest that one mechanism driving sarcopenia is the disruption of neuromuscular connectivity. We conclude that sarcopenia in rats, as in humans, has a long preclinical phase in which muscle undergoes extensive remodeling to maintain muscle mass and function. At later time points, these adaptive mechanisms fail, and sarcopenia becomes clinically manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max GrönholdtKlein
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ali Gorzi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Lingzhan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China;
| | - Erik Edström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mikael Altun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
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19
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Balachandran AT, Evans W, Cawthon P, Wang Y, Shankaran M, Hellerstein M, Qiu P, Manini T. Comparing D3-Creatine Dilution and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Muscle Mass Responses to Strength Training in Low-Functioning Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1591-1596. [PMID: 36752568 PMCID: PMC10848235 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method provides a direct measure of skeletal muscle mass and in a cohort of older men has been strongly associated with health-related outcomes. However, sensitivity to detect changes in D3Cr-derived muscle mass due to an intervention is limited. METHODS Twenty-one older adults (≥70 years) with low-to-moderate physical function were randomized to a 15-week high-intensity strength training (ST) or a health education (HE) group. Full-body progressive intensity ST was performed 3 days per week. RESULTS The mean age was 82.1 years, with 64% females. After 15 weeks, both D3Cr muscle mass (MM; 2.29 kg; 95% CI: 0.22, 4.36) and DXA appendicular lean mass (ALM; 1.04 kg; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.77) were greater in ST group compared to HE. Baseline correlations between D3Cr MM and DXA ALM (r = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.92) or total lean body mass (LBM; r = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.91) were high. However, longitudinal changes in D3Cr MM were weakly correlated with changes in DXA ALM (r = 0.19; 95% CI: -0.35, 0.64) and LBM (r = 0.40; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.76). More participants showed positive response rates, defined as a >5% increase from baseline, with D3Cr MM (80%) than DXA measures (14%-43%). CONCLUSIONS A progressive ST intervention in low-functioning older adults increased D3Cr MM and DXA ALM. These data suggest that the D3Cr dilution is potentially sensitive to detect changes in muscle mass in response to resistance exercise training. These results are preliminary and could be used for planning larger trials to replicate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop T Balachandran
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peihua Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,USA
| | - Todd Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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Shefflette A, Patel N, Caruso J. Mitigating Sarcopenia with Diet and Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6652. [PMID: 37681791 PMCID: PMC10487983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function from aging, inactivity, or disuse. It is a comorbidity to numerous conditions that exacerbates their severity and adversely impacts activities of daily living. While sarcopenia now receives more attention from the medical community, people with sarcopenia as a comorbidity nevertheless still sometimes receives less attention than other presenting diseases or conditions. Inevitable doctors' visits or hospital stays for those with sarcopenia as a comorbidity have far higher healthcare costs than those without this condition, which imposes a greater financial burden on the medical insurance and healthcare industries. This review offers information and guidance on this topic. Treatments for sarcopenia include dietary, exercise, and pharmacological interventions. Yet, the latter treatment is only recommended in extreme cases as it may evoke numerous side effects and has little support in the scientific literature. Currently, a more holistic approach, with an emphasis on lifestyle modification, to reduce the likelihood of sarcopenia is examined. The current review discusses dietary and exercise interventions to limit the occurrence and severity of sarcopenia. References cited in this review conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki requirements for the use of human research subjects. Most of this review's references (~97%) came from a PubMed search that spanned from 1997 to 2023. Search terms included "sarcopenia" OR "muscle wasting" OR "geriatrics"; OR "ageing"; and AND "diet" OR "exercise". In addition, papers relevant or supportive of the topic as well as those considered seminal were included in the review. Over 96% of the references were peer-reviewed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Caruso
- Exercise Physiology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (A.S.); (N.P.)
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21
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Timraz M, Binmahfoz A, Quinn TJ, Combet E, Gray SR. The Effect of Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3579. [PMID: 37630768 PMCID: PMC10458650 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) relative to control oil supplementation on muscle strength, with secondary outcomes of muscle mass and physical function in older individuals under conditions of habitual physical activity/exercise. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021267011) and followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The search for relevant studies was performed utilizing databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in older adults comparing the effects of LCn-3 PUFA with a control oil supplement on muscle strength were included. Five studies involving a total of 488 participants (348 females and 140 males) were identified that met the specified inclusion criteria and were included. Upon analyzing the collective data from these studies, it was observed that supplementation with LCn-3 PUFA did not have a significant impact on grip strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% confidence interval [-0.05, 1.27]; p = 0.07) in comparison to the control group. However, there was a considerable level of heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 90%; p < 0.001). As secondary outcomes were only measured in a few studies, with significant heterogeneity in methods, meta-analyses of muscle mass and functional abilities were not performed. Papers with measures of knee extensor muscle mass as an outcome (n = 3) found increases with LCn-3 PUFA supplementation, but studies measuring whole body lean/muscle mass (n = 2) and functional abilities (n = 4) reported mixed results. With a limited number of studies, our data indicate that LCn-3 PUFA supplementation has no effect on muscle strength or functional abilities in older adults but may increase muscle mass, although, with only a few studies and considerable heterogeneity, further work is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Timraz
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (M.T.); (A.B.); (T.J.Q.)
| | - Ahmad Binmahfoz
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (M.T.); (A.B.); (T.J.Q.)
| | - Terry J. Quinn
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (M.T.); (A.B.); (T.J.Q.)
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK;
| | - Stuart R. Gray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (M.T.); (A.B.); (T.J.Q.)
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22
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Lopez P, Rech A, Petropoulou M, Newton RU, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Turella DJP, Freitas SR, Radaelli R. Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 79 Trials. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1471-1482. [PMID: 36378500 PMCID: PMC10395570 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. RESULTS Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD -0.76, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD -0.74, 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be individualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anderson Rech
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Petropoulou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas J P Turella
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
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23
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Saketkoo LA, Russell AM, Patterson KC, Obi ON, Drent M. Sarcoidosis and frailty: recognizing factors that foster holistic resilience. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2023:00063198-990000000-00099. [PMID: 37522560 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan system disease exerting significant impact on biophysical, social, psychological and emotional well-being. Mortality and disability correlate to accessible, timely, expert care for sarcoidosis and its related complications. Across health conditions, positive healthcare interactions and interventions can rehabilitate unfavourable factors tied to concepts of 'frailty'. Here, we set out to introduce concepts related to frailty and their impact in the context of sarcoidosis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies examining frailty across other multiorgan and single organ-based diseases that mirror organ involvement in sarcoidosis demonstrate findings that bear relevance in sarcoidosis. Namely, factors predisposing a person to frailty are a multifactorial phenomenon which are also reflected in the lived experience of sarcoidosis; and that early diagnosis, intervention and prevention may alter a course towards more favourable health outcomes. SUMMARY Factors predisposing to frailty in other health conditions may also signal a risk in sarcoidosis. In turn, proactive health preservation - regardless of age - may lead to improved biopsychosocial reserve and health-related quality of life. Fortifying holistic resilience in sarcoidosis is anticipated to reduce risk of the occurrence and prolongation of health-related complications, and facilitate swifter recovery from biophysical complications as well as from psychosocial and emotional stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Ann Saketkoo
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center
- University Medical Center - Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic Programs
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Undergraduate Honors Department, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Russell
- Exeter Respiratory Innovations Center, University of Exeter, Exeter
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Devon
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
| | - Karen C Patterson
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Falmer, UK
| | - Ogugua Ndili Obi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marjolein Drent
- Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht
- ILD CARE Foundation Research Team, Ede, The Netherlands
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24
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Ispoglou T, Wilson O, McCullough D, Aldrich L, Ferentinos P, Lyall G, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Duckworth L, Brown MA, Sutton L, Potts AJ, Archbold V, Hargreaves J, McKenna J. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:892. [PMID: 37508325 PMCID: PMC10376679 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review examines the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases (MDs), along with their association with sarcopenia. Furthermore, non-pharmacological interventions to address sarcopenia in patients with these conditions are suggested. The significance of combined training in managing metabolic disease and secondary sarcopenia in type II diabetes mellitus is emphasized. Additionally, the potential benefits of resistance and aerobic training are explored. This review emphasises the role of nutrition in addressing sarcopenia in patients with CVD or MDs, focusing on strategies such as optimising protein intake, promoting plant-based protein sources, incorporating antioxidant-rich foods and omega-3 fatty acids and ensuring sufficient vitamin D levels. Moreover, the potential benefits of targeting gut microbiota through probiotics and prebiotic fibres in sarcopenic individuals are considered. Multidisciplinary approaches that integrate behavioural science are explored to enhance the uptake and sustainability of behaviour-based sarcopenia interventions. Future research should prioritise high-quality randomized controlled trials to refine exercise and nutritional interventions and investigate the incorporation of behavioural science into routine practices. Ultimately, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is essential to improve health outcomes, well-being and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia and coexisting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Wilson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Luke Aldrich
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Gemma Lyall
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Lauren Duckworth
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Meghan A Brown
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Louise Sutton
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra J Potts
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Victoria Archbold
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jackie Hargreaves
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jim McKenna
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
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25
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Graber TG, Maroto R, Thompson JK, Widen SG, Man Z, Pajski ML, Rasmussen BB. Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Alterations Related to Declining Physical Function in Older Mice. JOURNAL OF AGEING AND LONGEVITY 2023; 3:159-178. [PMID: 37876943 PMCID: PMC10597580 DOI: 10.3390/jal3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
One inevitable consequence of aging is the gradual deterioration of physical function and exercise capacity, driven in part by the adverse effect of age on muscle tissue. We hypothesized that relationships exist between age-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in skeletal muscle and age-associated declines in physical function and exercise capacity. Previously, male C57BL/6mice (6m, months old, 24m, and 28m) were tested for physical function using a composite scoring system (comprehensive functional assessment battery, CFAB) comprised of five well-validated tests of physical function. In this study, total RNA was isolated from tibialis anterior samples (n = 8) randomly selected from each age group in the parent study. Using Next Generation Sequencing RNAseq to determine DEGs during aging (6m vs. 28m, and 6m vs. 24m), we found a greater than five-fold increase in DEGs in 28m compared to the 24m. Furthermore, regression of the normalized expression of each DEG with the CFAB score of the corresponding mouse revealed many more DEGs strongly associated (R ≥ |0.70|) with functional status in the older mice. Gene ontology results indicate highly enriched axon guidance and acetyl choline receptor gene sets, suggesting that denervation/reinnervation flux might potentially play a critical role in functional decline. We conclude that specific age-related DEG patterns are associated with declines in physical function, and the data suggest accelerated aging occurring between 24 and 28 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted G. Graber
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Rosario Maroto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jill K. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Steven G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zhaohui Man
- Bioinformatics and Analytics Research Collaborative, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Megan L. Pajski
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Blake B. Rasmussen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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26
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The relationship between physical activity and subjective cognitive decline: Evidence from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS). J Affect Disord 2023; 328:108-115. [PMID: 36806601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a major risk factor for mild cognitive impairment or even dementia, but the relationship between physical activity (PA) and SCD is still unclear. The goal of current study is to address how various physical activities relate to SCD. METHODS 216,593 adults from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were included in this study. We measured SCD and PA with participants' self-report. With the unconditional logistic regression model, the association between PA and SCD was investigated. We used a four-way decomposition method to explore the mediation roles of depression between PA and SCD. The nearest matching method of propensity score and multinomial propensity score were used to reduce the effects of confounding factors. RESULTS Compared with those inactive, the weighted adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of SCD among those who were physically active were <1 (p < 0.005), regardless of the type of PA. The top three PA in weighted AORs were: running (AOR: 0.51, 95 % CI: 0.50-0.52), aerobics exercise (AOR: 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.53-0.56), and weightlifting (AOR: 0.60, 95 % CI: 0.59-0.62). The dose-response relationship between PA and SCD was found. Participants who engaged in PA for 241-300 min per week (AOR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.59-0.62) or exercised metabolic equivalent of 801-1000 per week (AOR: 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.62-0.65) had the lowest risk of SCD. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the specific PA types, engaging in PA is associated with a reduced risk of having SCD, and people who engage in running had the lowest risk of SCD. There was a dose-response relationship between PA and SCD, and PA-based interventions should be developed accordingly to prevent cognitive deterioration in older age.
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27
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Taylor JA, Greenhaff PL, Bartlett DB, Jackson TA, Duggal NA, Lord JM. Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1137-1191. [PMID: 36239451 PMCID: PMC9886361 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
"Frailty" is a term used to refer to a state characterized by enhanced vulnerability to, and impaired recovery from, stressors compared with a nonfrail state, which is increasingly viewed as a loss of resilience. With increasing life expectancy and the associated rise in years spent with physical frailty, there is a need to understand the clinical and physiological features of frailty and the factors driving it. We describe the clinical definitions of age-related frailty and their limitations in allowing us to understand the pathogenesis of this prevalent condition. Given that age-related frailty manifests in the form of functional declines such as poor balance, falls, and immobility, as an alternative we view frailty from a physiological viewpoint and describe what is known of the organ-based components of frailty, including adiposity, the brain, and neuromuscular, skeletal muscle, immune, and cardiovascular systems, as individual systems and as components in multisystem dysregulation. By doing so we aim to highlight current understanding of the physiological phenotype of frailty and reveal key knowledge gaps and potential mechanistic drivers of the trajectory to frailty. We also review the studies in humans that have intervened with exercise to reduce frailty. We conclude that more longitudinal and interventional clinical studies are required in older adults. Such observational studies should interrogate the progression from a nonfrail to a frail state, assessing individual elements of frailty to produce a deep physiological phenotype of the syndrome. The findings will identify mechanistic drivers of frailty and allow targeted interventions to diminish frailty progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Taylor
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Jackson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Stager SV, Goudelias D, Johnson AM. Effects of Participation in a Structured Choral Program on the Voice of Older Adults. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00076-0. [PMID: 37003864 PMCID: PMC10544677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of short-term and long-term engagement with structured choral singing on vocal function and quality of life outcomes in older adults. METHODS Two groups of older adult singers over 55 years, one with fewer than 4 semesters and one with 4 or more semesters singing in a chorale, were assessed at 3 time points: baseline, after 1 semester of singing, and either after 1 semester of rest or after 1 semester of rest and 1 semester more of singing. Acoustic and aerodynamic measures, voice-related quality of life ratings, and measures of singing accuracy were obtained. Percent change between time points were calculated to determine three outcomes: improvement, lack of change, or worsening of measures across time. RESULTS Long-term average spectrum (LTAS), difference in first and second harmonics and estimated subglottic pressure were significantly more likely to improve after a semester of singing with less experience singers, and LTAS continued to improve after a semester of rest. Flow was significantly more likely to improve with more singing experience after a semester of singing. Aerodynamic variables consistently changed in more experienced singers and improvement was maintained over the three visits. No significant changes occurred over time for singing accuracy for any singer type. Self-perception of singing voice continued to improve with more singing experience. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that for older adults in good health, regular singing provided a mechanism for maintaining speaking voice over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila V Stager
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Deanna Goudelias
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Aaron M Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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29
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Won CW. Management of Sarcopenia in Primary Care Settings. Korean J Fam Med 2023; 44:71-75. [PMID: 36966736 PMCID: PMC10040270 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle function increases, resulting in an increased risk of falls, fractures, long-term institutional care, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and even death. Sarcopenia, which is derived from the Greek words "sarx" or flesh+"penia" or loss, is defined as a condition characterized by low muscle mass and low muscle strength and performance. In 2019, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) published a consensus paper on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. The AWGS 2019 guideline, specifically, presented strategies for case-finding and assessment to help diagnose "possible sarcopenia" in primary care settings. For case finding, the AWGS 2019 guideline proposed an algorithm that recommends calf circumference measurement (cut-off <34 cm in men, <33 cm in women) or the SARC-F (strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls) questionnaire (cut-off ≥4). If this case finding is confirmed, handgrip strength (cutoff <28 kg in men, <18 kg in women) or the 5-time chair stand test (≥12 seconds) should be performed to diagnose "possible sarcopenia." If an individual is diagnosed as "possible sarcopenia," AWGS 2019 recommends that the individual should start lifestyle interventions and related health education for primary healthcare users. Because no medication is available to treat sarcopenia, exercise and nutrition is essential for sarcopenia management. Many guidelines, recommend physical activity, with a focus on progressive resistance (strength) training, as a first-line therapy for the management of sarcopenia. It is essential to educate older adults with sarcopenia on the need to increase protein intake. Many guidelines recommended that older people should consume at least 1.2 g of proteins/kg/d. This minimum threshold can be increased in the presence of catabolic or muscle wasting. Previous studies reported that leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is essential for protein synthesis in muscle, and a stimulator for skeletal muscle synthesis. A guideline conditionally recommends that diet or nutritional supplements should be combined with exercise intervention for older adults with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Chang Won Won https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6429-4461 Tel: +82-2-958-8697, Fax: +82-2-958-8699, E-mail:
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30
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Peyrusqué E, Buckinx F, Kergoat MJ, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Exercise Guidelines to Counteract Physical Deconditioning in Long-Term Care Facilities: What to Do and How to Do It? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:583-598. [PMID: 36822232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
With age, older adults experience a decrease in muscle function and changes in body composition, which raise the risk of functional incapacity and loss of autonomy. These declines are more pronounced in older adults living in long-term care (LTC) facilities than those living in the community (ie, sarcopenia prevalence: ∼41% vs ∼10%; obesity prevalence: 30% vs17%). The main cause of these declines is chronic diseases, which are a driver of higher rates of sedentary behavior (85% of time in LTC). Exercise, however, is recognized to help counteract age-related decline, yet it is not integrated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Peyrusqué
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de recherche en activité physique adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fanny Buckinx
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de recherche en activité physique adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de recherche en activité physique adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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31
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Millet GP, Chamari K. Look to the stars-Is there anything that public health and rehabilitation can learn from elite sports? Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1072154. [PMID: 36755563 PMCID: PMC9900137 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1072154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Correspondence: Grégoire P. Millet
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
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32
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Nitta K, Hanafusa N, Kawaguchi Y, Tsuchiya K. Physical function management for elderly dialysis patients: prevention and improvement of frailty and disability. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-023-00459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractFrailty has become an emerging public health problem in the aging society and is regarded as a state of vulnerability to developing increased dependency and/or mortality when exposed to a stressor. As the proportion of elderly dialysis patients is increasing worldwide, frailty has recently influenced on the clinical outcomes among those patients also caused great attention. The prevalence of frailty among dialysis patients has ranged from 3.0- to 10-fold higher than in community-dwelling elderly. Since frailty has been found to be associated with higher mortality, independent of clinical characteristics and comorbidity, interventions to improve frailty have the potential to contribute to better quality of life and lower mortality among dialysis patients. Moreover, clinical research should be focused on the possibility that early rehabilitation of dialysis patients might improve poor outcomes. Current clinical question should aim to take an appropriate strategy to address frailty, including identifying the optimal timing for intervention.
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Champ CE, Carpenter DJ, Diaz AK, Rosenberg J, Ackerson BG, Hyde PN. Resistance Training for Patients with Cancer: A Conceptual Framework for Maximizing Strength, Power, Functional Mobility, and Body Composition to Optimize Health and Outcomes. Sports Med 2023; 53:75-89. [PMID: 36175646 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There are many benefits to the addition of exercise to cancer treatment and survivorship, particularly with resistance training regimens that target hypertrophy, bone mineral density, strength, functional mobility, and body composition. These goals are best achieved through a series of individualized high-intensity compound movements that mirror functional mobility patterns and sufficiently stress the musculoskeletal system. As a result of adequate stress, the body will engage compensatory cellular mechanisms that improve the structural integrity of bones and muscles, stimulate metabolism and the immune system, optimize functional performance, and minimize mechanical injury risk. The current evidence suggests that application of the above exercise principles, practiced in a safe environment under expert observation, may offer patients with cancer an effective means of improving overall health and cancer-specific outcomes. The following article poses several important questions certified exercise specialists and physicians should consider when prescribing resistance exercise for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E Champ
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, 20 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Exercise Oncology and Resiliency Center, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Exercise Oncology and Resilience Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Inspire Oncology, Exercise Medicine, Naples, FL, USA.
| | - David J Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, 20 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Exercise Oncology and Resilience Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander K Diaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, 20 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Exercise Oncology and Resilience Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jared Rosenberg
- Exercise Oncology and Resilience Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bradley G Ackerson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, 20 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Exercise Oncology and Resilience Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Parker N Hyde
- Exercise Oncology and Resilience Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, USA
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Zuo C, Ma X, Ye C, Zheng Z, Bo S. Acute and chronic functional and traditional resistance training improve muscular fitness in young males via the AMPK/PGC-1α/irisin signaling pathway. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:69. [PMID: 37967946 PMCID: PMC10654215 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of acute and chronic resistance training of varying intensities on molecular responses and their association with muscular fitness in a cohort of young males who participated in this intervention study. METHODS Young males (19-28 years) with no prior training experience underwent a six-week program consisting of two distinct modalities of resistance training. The participants were randomly divided into a functional resistance training group (FRT; n = 9; participants performed 4-5 sets of 20 repetitions maximum (RM) at 40% 1RM) or a traditional resistance training group (TRT; n = 9; participants performed 4-5 sets of 12 RM at 70% 1RM). Both protocols entailed training three days per week for six weeks. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after an acute bout of training, and after the six-week training program to determine alterations in molecular responses. Muscular fitness analysis and anthropometric measurements were conducted before and after the six-week training program. RESULTS After the six-week training program, the lean body mass of participants in both TRT and FRT groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas body fat percentage and fat mass were significantly decreased solely in the FRT group (p < 0.05). All muscular fitness variables were significantly increased in both groups (p < 0.01), with no difference between the two groups. Additionally, in the TRT group, serum levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were significantly increased following acute training and six weeks of resistance training, whereas in the FRT group, no significant increase in serum levels of AMPK was observed. In both groups, serum levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), irisin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were significantly increased. Moreover, myostatin was significantly decreased following acute training and six weeks of resistance training (p < 0.05), with no difference between the two groups. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between barbell back squat and certain molecular variables. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study indicates that acute and chronic resistance training of varying intensities are effective changing molecular responses, the chronic FRT and TRT improve muscular fitness in young males through the AMPK/PGC-1α/irisin signaling pathway. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200059775 (11/05/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwen Zuo
- Air Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chaoqun Ye
- Air Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhiyang Zheng
- Air Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
- Beijing Sports University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China
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35
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Qi S, Horii N, Kishigami K, Miyachi M, Iemitsu M, Sanada K. Effects of water exercise on body composition and components of metabolic syndrome in older females with sarcopenic obesity. J Phys Ther Sci 2023; 35:24-30. [PMID: 36628145 PMCID: PMC9822826 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.35.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Very few studies have been conducted on the benefits of water exercise for older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Whether the water exercise intervention is effective for improving sarcopenia and/or obesity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water exercise on body composition and components of metabolic syndrome in older females with sarcopenic obesity. [Participants and Methods] Participants (aged ≥60 years) were divided into a water exercise group and a control group. Water-based strength and endurance exercises were performed three times a week for 12 weeks. Lean soft tissue mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. [Results] Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant interactions (time × group) for total body fat percentage and leg body fat percentage. In the exercise group, leg body fat percentage significantly decreased after the intervention, but no significant change was observed in the control group. The components of metabolic syndrome showed no significant interactions in either group (time × group). [Conclusion] No significant changes were observed in the components of metabolic syndrome. However, 12-week water exercise may be effective for reducing fat mass in females with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Qi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan
University: 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8017, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan
University: 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8017, Japan
| | - Keiko Kishigami
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan
University: 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8017, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and
Nutrition, Japan, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan
University: 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8017, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan
University: 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8017, Japan,Corresponding author. Kiyoshi Sanada (E-mail: )
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36
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Effect of resistance exercise on bone health of old aged individuals: Review. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Bioenergetic Evaluation of Muscle Fatigue in Murine Tongue. Dysphagia 2022:10.1007/s00455-022-10537-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMuscle fatigue is the diminution of force required for a particular action over time. Fatigue may be particularly pronounced in aging muscles, including those used for swallowing actions. Because risk for swallowing impairment (dysphagia) increases with aging, the contribution of muscle fatigue to age-related dysphagia is an emerging area of interest. The use of animal models, such as mice and rats (murine models) allows experimental paradigms for studying the relationship between muscle fatigue and swallowing function with a high degree of biological precision that is not possible in human studies. The goal of this article is to review basic experimental approaches to the study of murine tongue muscle fatigue related to dysphagia. Traditionally, murine muscle fatigue has been studied in limb muscles through direct muscle stimulation and behavioral exercise paradigms. As such, physiological and bioenergetic markers of muscle fatigue that have been validated in limb muscles may be applicable in studies of cranial muscle fatigue with appropriate modifications to account for differences in muscle architecture, innervation ratio, and skeletal support. Murine exercise paradigms may be used to elicit acute fatigue in tongue muscles, thereby enabling study of putative muscular adaptations. Using these approaches, hypotheses can be developed and tested in mice and rats to allow for future focused studies in human subjects geared toward developing and optimizing treatments for age-related dysphagia.
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Picca A, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Prescription of resistance training for sarcopenic older adults: Does it require specific attention? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101720. [PMID: 35987322 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related neuromuscular disease characterized by substantial muscle atrophy, dynapenia and/or loss of physical function. Sarcopenia progression increases the risk for numerous negative events, including falls, disability, hospitalization, nursing home placement, and death. As such, this condition is recognized as an important topic in gerontology and geriatrics. The best approach to counteract the development and progression of sarcopenia is actively debated. Resistance training (RT) has received special attention in this context, owing to the large number of studies showing its ability to produce significant improvements in sarcopenia-related parameters. Recommendations to guide RT prescription for older adults with different conditions, including people who have traits of sarcopenia, have been published. Some authors have argued that RT guidelines for older adults are similar to one another, which may indicate that the presence of sarcopenia does not require specific physical exercise programs. However, older people with sarcopenia might present with peculiar physical, biomechanical, physiological, and psychosocial characteristics that, in our view, are not taken into adequate consideration in existing exercise guidelines. Here, we present evidence to support the view that RT prescription for older adults with sarcopenia is complex, multifactorial, and still needs more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy
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39
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Loh DR, Tan RS, Lim WS, Koh AS. Cardio-sarcopenia: A syndrome of concern in aging. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1027466. [PMID: 36388892 PMCID: PMC9640679 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1027466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac alterations in structure and function, namely, the left ventricle, have been intensely studied for decades, in association with aging. In recent times, there has been keen interest in describing myocardial changes that accompany skeletal muscle changes in older adults. Initially described as a cardio-sarcopenia syndrome where alterations in myocardial structure were observed particularly among older adults with skeletal muscle sarcopenia, investigations into this syndrome have spurred a fresh level of interest in the cardiac-skeletal muscle axis. The purpose of this perspective is to summarize the background for this "syndrome of concern," review the body of work generated by various human aging cohorts, and to explore future directions and opportunities for understanding this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Rong Loh
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela S. Koh
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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40
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A Pilot 6-Week Lifestyle Intervention in Women Aged 50+ in Ireland. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Viecelli C, Ewald CY. The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005848. [PMID: 36172603 PMCID: PMC9510838 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass and force are key for movement, life quality, and health. It is well established that resistance exercise is a potent anabolic stimulus increasing muscle mass and force. The response of a physiological system to resistance exercise is composed of non-modifiable (i.e., age, gender, genetics) and modifiable factors (i.e., exercise, nutrition, training status, etc.). Both factors are integrated by systemic responses (i.e., molecular signaling, genetic responses, protein metabolism, etc.), consequently resulting in functional and physiological adaptations. Herein, we discuss the influence of non-modifiable factors on resistance exercise: age, gender, and genetics. A solid understanding of the role of non-modifiable factors might help to adjust training regimes towards optimal muscle mass maintenance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Viecelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Protein Supplementation for Strength and Functionality in Older Adults: Is There Still Any Doubt? A Brief Update Review. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 31:311-318. [PMID: 35940583 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that the aging process induces relevant impairments on both muscle morphology and function. In this sense, resistance training alongside proper protein intake are important strategies to mitigate the sarcopenia process in older individuals. However, adding protein supplementation (PS) to resistance training interventions for enhancing muscle strength and functional performance has shown mixed results in this population. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the most recent evidence regarding PS and its effects on muscle strength and functional parameters of older adults. In addition, the effect size of each individual study (post-pre intervention) was also calculated to provide further clinical relevance on the topic. The results of the studies included do not seem to support PS for healthy older adults with proper protein intake. However, further studies with other sample characteristics (very old, frail, obese, and inadequate protein consumption) must be carried out to better understand the effects of PS in an older population.
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43
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Kang DW, Wilson RL, Gonzalo-Encabo P, Norris MK, Hans M, Tahbaz M, Dawson J, Nguyen D, Normann AJ, Yunker AG, Sami N, Uno H, Ligibel JA, Mittelman SD, Dieli-Conwright CM. Targeting Adiposity and Inflammation With Movement to Improve Prognosis in Breast Cancer Survivors (The AIM Trial): Rationale, Design, and Methods. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896995. [PMID: 35795051 PMCID: PMC9251632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a significant contributor to breast cancer recurrence and mortality. A central mechanism by which obesity stimulates cancer progression is through chronic, low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Exercise interventions to target chronic inflammation has a potential to improve obesity- and breast cancer-related outcomes; however, no studies have investigated the roles of exercise in modulating adipose tissue inflammation in breast cancer survivors. Also, it is unclear which exercise prescription would be optimal to maximize the outcomes. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial (Taking AIM at Breast Cancer: Targeting Adiposity and Inflammation with Movement to Improve Prognosis in Breast Cancer Survivors [AIM] Trial) to examine the mechanisms by which different modalities of exercise impact chronic inflammation as a biomarker of breast cancer prognosis. Methods The AIM trial is a prospective, three-armed, phase II randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a 16-week supervised circuit aerobic and resistance exercise (CARE) program versus a traditional aerobic and resistance exercise (TARE) program and attention control (AC) on adipose tissue inflammation in breast cancer survivors. 276 patients who are diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer, post-treatment, sedentary, and centrally obese are randomized to one of the three groups. The CARE and TARE groups participate in thrice-weekly supervised exercise sessions for 16 weeks. The AC group are offered the CARE program after the intervention period. The primary endpoint is adipose tissue inflammation assessed by core biopsy and blood draw. The secondary and tertiary endpoints are sarcopenic obesity, physical fitness and function, and patient reported outcomes. The exploratory outcomes are long-term breast cancer outcomes. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial examining the effects of exercise on adipose tissue inflammation in obese, breast cancer survivors. Our findings are anticipated to contribute to a better understanding of exercise modalities and mechanisms on adipose tissue inflammation that can potentially improve breast cancer prognosis. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03091842 identifier [NCT#03091842].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Woo Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebekah L. Wilson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paola Gonzalo-Encabo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary K. Norris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marybeth Hans
- Division of Breast Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meghan Tahbaz
- Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jackie Dawson
- Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Danny Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amber J. Normann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra G. Yunker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathalie Sami
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Ligibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven D. Mittelman
- Children’s Discovery and Innovations Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina M. Dieli-Conwright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Choe HJ, Cho BL, Park YS, Roh E, Kim HJ, Lee SG, Kim BJ, Kim M, Won CW, Park KS, Jang HC. Gender differences in risk factors for the 2 year development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1908-1918. [PMID: 35362671 PMCID: PMC9178155 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related chronic condition that can lead to mobility disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for incident sarcopenia in older Korean adults. METHODS The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is a multicentre prospective study with a baseline examination in 2016-2017. A prospective follow-up study was conducted in 2018-2019. Changes in muscle-related variables were evaluated for subjects aged 70-84 years lacking sarcopenia at baseline. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2019 updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia consensus. RESULTS Among the 1636 participants (54.4% women, age 75.9 ± 3.7) who did not have sarcopenia at baseline, 101 men (13.5%) and 104 women (11.7%) developed sarcopenia by the follow-up. Those who developed sarcopenia were older (men, 77.9 ± 3.9 vs. 75.7 ± 3.5, P < 0.001; women, 77.5 ± 4.0 vs. 75.5 ± 3.6, P < 0.001) with a lower body mass index at baseline (men, 23.9 ± 2.4 vs. 24.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2 , P = 0.025; women, 23.7 ± 2.8 vs. 25.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2 , P < 0.001) compared with older adults who remained nonsarcopenic; levels of glycated haemoglobin (men, 6.2 ± 1.0% vs. 5.9 ± 0.8%, P = 0.029) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (men, 2.0 ± 1.3 vs. 1.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.022) were higher in men who progressed to sarcopenia but not in women. Development of sarcopenia was associated with older age and the frequency of resistance training (≥2 per week) after adjusting for potential risk factors in men [age, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.25; frequent resistance training, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.82]. In women, advanced age, poor nutritional status, and physical inactivity contributed to the development of sarcopenia (age, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21; mini nutritional assessment short form, OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.90; moderate to high physical activity, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95). CONCLUSIONS In this 2 year KFACS follow-up, modifiable risk factors for incident sarcopenia differed between genders. Resistance training (≥2 per week) helped to prevent sarcopenia in these community-dwelling older men. In older women, adequate nutritional support and being physically active might play a role in preventing progression to sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Jee Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Be Long Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sam-Gyu Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
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Rasiah J, Prorok JC, Adekpedjou R, Barrie C, Basualdo C, Burns R, De Paul V, Donnelly C, Doyle A, Frank C, Dolsen S(G, Giguère A, Hsiung S, Kim P, McDonald EG, O’Grady H, Patey A, Puxty J, Racey M, Resin J, Sims-Gould J, Stewart S, Theou O, Webster S, Muscedere J. Enabling Healthy Aging to AVOID Frailty in Community Dwelling Older Canadians. Can Geriatr J 2022; 25:202-211. [PMID: 35747405 PMCID: PMC9156415 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.25.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Canadian population is aging. With aging, biological and social changes occur increasing the risk of developing chronic conditions and functional loss leading to frailty. Older adults living with frailty are more vulnerable to minor stressors, take longer to recover from illness, and have difficulty participating in daily activities. The Canadian Frailty Network's (CFN) mission is to improve the lives of older adults living with frailty. In September 2019, CFN launched the Activity & Exercise, Vaccination, Optimization of medications, Interaction & Socialization, and Diet & Nutrition (AVOID) Frailty public health campaign to promote assessing and reducing risk factors leading to the development of frailty. As part of the campaign, CFN held an Enabling Healthy Aging Symposium with 36 stakeholders from across Canada. Stakeholders identified individual and community-level opportunities and challenges for the enablement of healthy aging and frailty mitigation, as part of a focused consultative process. Stakeholders ranked the three most important challenges and opportunities at the individual and community levels for implementing AVOID Frailty recommendations. Concrete actions, further research areas, policy changes, and existing resources/programs to enhance the AVOID Frailty campaign were identified. The results will help inform future priorities and behaviour change strategies for healthy aging in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rheda Adekpedjou
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | | | | | - Rachel Burns
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON
| | - Vincent De Paul
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON
| | | | - Amy Doyle
- Canadian Frailty Network, Kingston, ON
| | | | | | - Anik Giguère
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Sonia Hsiung
- Alliance for Healthier Communities, North York, ON
| | - Perry Kim
- Canadian Frailty Network, Kingston, ON
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON
| | - Emily G. McDonald
- Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Heather O’Grady
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Andrea Patey
- Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - John Puxty
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON
| | - Megan Racey
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team; School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | | | - Joanie Sims-Gould
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Susan Stewart
- Kingston Frontenac Lennox & Addington Public Health, Kingston, ON
| | - Olga Theou
- Physiotherapy and Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Sarah Webster
- Centre for Studies in Aging and Health, Province Care Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - John Muscedere
- Canadian Frailty Network, Kingston, ON
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON
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Gonzalo-Encabo P, Wilson RL, Kang DW, Norris MK, Uno H, Christopher CN, Chow C, Sami N, Fox FS, Ligibel JA, Dieli-Conwright CM. Reducing Metabolic Dysregulation in Obese Latina and/or Hispanic Breast Cancer Survivors Using Physical Activity (ROSA) Trial: A Study Protocol. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864844. [PMID: 35619910 PMCID: PMC9128380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latina and Hispanic breast cancer survivors (LHBCS) are at increased risk for long-term complications and poorer metabolic health, including metabolic dysregulation (MetD) before and following breast cancer diagnosis. MetD can increase risk of cancer recurrence, death, and comorbid conditions by increasing inflammation and cancer cell proliferation. While exercise improves physical fitness and metabolic outcomes in breast cancer survivors, there is a lack of studies including underrepresented and disadvantaged minority groups such as LHBCS. Methods Our 12-month randomized (exercise or attention control) controlled trial (the ROSA trial) aims to utilize a progressive combined aerobic and resistance exercise program to improve MetD, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity among obese LHBCS. We aim to recruit 160 women with Stage I-III breast cancer who are sedentary, centrally obese, and have completed treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy) prior to enrollment. Participants randomized to the exercise group receive 16-weeks of virtually supervised aerobic and resistance training, followed by 16-weeks of unsupervised home-based aerobic and resistance exercise, and 16-weeks of follow-up. The attention control group receive a 12-month home-based stretching program. Primary and secondary outcomes are measured every 4-weeks during study visits. Discussion The ROSA trial is the first exercise oncology trial targeting high-risk sedentary, obese LHBCS to improve MetD-related outcomes. Results of this trial will help illuminate how exercise impacts health-related outcomes, survivorship, and recurrence, and inform future exercise oncology guidelines to reduce health disparities among minority cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gonzalo-Encabo
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebekah L Wilson
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dong-Woo Kang
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary K Norris
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hajime Uno
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cami N Christopher
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christina Chow
- UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nathalie Sami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank S Fox
- Gerson Lehrman Group, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer A Ligibel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Breast Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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47
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Capanema BDSV, Franco PS, Gil PR, Mazo GZ. A Collective Review of the Research on Training the Oldest-Old. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Lo OY, Kahya M, Manor B. Powering Through Daily Activities in Older Age-Will Power Training Replace Strength Training in Later Life? JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2211631. [PMID: 35544142 PMCID: PMC9631804 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- On-Yee Lo
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melike Kahya
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brad Manor
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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49
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Borges-Silva F, Martínez-Pascual M, Colomer-Poveda D, Márquez G, Romero-Arenas S. Does Heavy-Resistance Training Improve Mobility and Perception of Quality of Life in Older Women? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050626. [PMID: 35625353 PMCID: PMC9137969 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has shown great benefits in preventing age-related functional losses and in improving the perception of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. To optimize these benefits, it would be interesting to evaluate what type of exercise is better. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy-resistance training on mobility and HRQoL in older women. Forty healthy, untrained older women (60−75 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: circuit resistance training (CRT, n = 15), traditional resistance training (TRT, n = 15) or the control group (CG, n = 10). During the 12-week training period, both experimental groups performed training with heavy loads, twice a week. Before and after the training period, the Timed Up and Go test, as a proxy of mobility, and the perception of HRQoL were evaluated. TRT and CRT resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the Timed Up and Go test (−5.4 and −10.3%, respectively; p < 0.05), but only the improvement after CRT was significantly greater than changes in the CG (p < 0.001). Only CRT elicited improvements in several dimensions of the perception of the HRQoL questionnaire, such as: physical functioning (13%, p < 0.001), general health (8.1%; p = 0.048), vitality (17.7%; p < 0.001), role emotional (6.7%; p = 0.044) and physical component summary (6.3%; p = 0.001). The change in the CRT group was greater than in the CG (p < 0.001) in the physical functioning score. The present findings show that CRT might be a time- (and hence cost-) effective alternative to trigger multiple positive functional and psychological adaptations in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miryam Martínez-Pascual
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Los Arcos del Mar Menor, 30739 Murcia, Spain;
| | - David Colomer-Poveda
- Department of Physical Education, University of A Coruña, 15279 La Coruña, Spain; (D.C.-P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gonzalo Márquez
- Department of Physical Education, University of A Coruña, 15279 La Coruña, Spain; (D.C.-P.); (G.M.)
| | - Salvador Romero-Arenas
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-278-824
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50
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Selected Methods of Resistance Training for Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091389. [PMID: 35563694 PMCID: PMC9102413 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training is an extremely beneficial intervention to prevent and treat sarcopenia. In general, traditional high-load resistance training improves skeletal muscle morphology and strength, but this method is impractical and may even reduce arterial compliance by about 20% in aged adults. Thus, the progression of resistance training methods for improving the strength and morphology of muscles without applying a high load is essential. Over the past two decades, various resistance training methods that can improve skeletal muscle mass and muscle function without using high loads have attracted attention, and their training effects, molecular mechanisms, and safety have been reported. The present study focuses on the relationship between exercise load/intensity, training effects, and physiological mechanisms as well as the safety of various types of resistance training that have attracted attention as a measure against sarcopenia. At present, there is much research evidence that blood-flow-restricted low-load resistance training (20–30% of one repetition maximum (1RM)) has been reported as a sarcopenia countermeasure in older adults. Therefore, this training method may be particularly effective in preventing sarcopenia.
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