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Ron R, Martínez-Sanz J, Herrera S, Ramos-Ruperto L, Díez-Vidal A, Sainz T, Álvarez-Díaz N, Correa-Pérez A, Muriel A, López-Alcalde J, Pérez-Molina JA, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. Corrigendum: CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+ T-cell count as prognostic markers for non-AIDS mortality in people living with HIV. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383117. [PMID: 38444860 PMCID: PMC10913788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343124.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Ramos-Ruperto
- HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Díez-Vidal
- HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talía Sainz
- Pediatric Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hospital la Paz and La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Álvarez-Díaz
- Medical Library, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Correa-Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy and Medical Devices Department. Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús López-Alcalde
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José A. Pérez-Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ron R, Martínez-Sanz J, Herrera S, Ramos-Ruperto L, Díez-Vidal A, Sainz T, Álvarez-Díaz N, Correa-Pérez A, Muriel A, López-Alcalde J, Pérez-Molina JA, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+ T-cell count as prognostic markers for non-AIDS mortality in people living with HIV. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343124. [PMID: 38361925 PMCID: PMC10868578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In people living with HIV (PLHIV), the CD4/CD8 ratio has been proposed as a useful marker for non-AIDS events. However, its predictive ability on mortality over CD4 counts, and the role of CD8+ T-cell counts remain controversial. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies from 1996 to 2023, including PLHIV on antiretroviral treatment, and reporting CD4/CD8 ratio or CD8+ counts. The primary outcome was non-AIDS mortality or all-cause mortality. We performed a standard random-effects pairwise meta-analysis comparing low versus high CD4/CD8 ratio with a predefined cut-off point of 0.5. (CRD42020170931). Findings We identified 2,479 studies for screening. 20 studies were included in the systematic review. Seven studies found an association between low CD4/CD8 ratio categories and increased mortality risk, with variable cut-off points between 0.4-1. Four studies were selected for meta-analysis, including 12,893 participants and 618 reported deaths. Patients with values of CD4/CD8 ratio below 0.5 showed a higher mortality risk (OR 3.65; 95% CI 3.04 - 4.35; I2 = 0.00%) compared to those with higher values. While the meta-analysis of CD8+ T-cell counts was not feasible due to methodological differences between studies, the systematic review suggests a negative prognostic impact of higher values (>1,138 to 1,500 cells/uL) in the long term. Conclusions Our results support the use of the CD4/CD8 ratio as a prognostic marker in clinical practice, especially in patients with values below 0.5, but consensus criteria on ratio timing measurement, cut-off values, and time to event are needed in future studies to get more robust conclusions. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020170931, identifier CRD42020170931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Ramos-Ruperto
- HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Díez-Vidal
- HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talía Sainz
- Pediatric Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hospital la Paz and La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Universidad Autoónoma de Madrid, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Álvarez-Díaz
- Medical Library, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Correa-Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy and Medical Devices Department. Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús López-Alcalde
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José A. Pérez-Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Sanz J, Losa-García JE, Orozco N, Alastrué I, Mascort J, Pérez-Elías MJ. Executive summary of the consensus document on the shared care of patients with HIV infection between primary and hospital care. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2024; 42:102-107. [PMID: 37919199 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The current reality of the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection justifies a multidisciplinary and coordinated approach between Primary Care and Hospital Care, contemplating bidirectionality and communication between the two care settings. The consensus document, coordinated by the AIDS Study Group of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC-GeSIDA) and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), was born out of this need. Here, the recommendations of the four sections that comprise it are summarized: the first deals with aspects of prevention and diagnosis of HIV infection; the second contemplates the clinical care of people living with HIV; the third deals with social factors, including legal and confidentiality issues, quality of life, and the role of NGOs; finally, the fourth block addresses bidirectional and shared training/teaching and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan E Losa-García
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Alastrué
- Centro de Información y Prevención del Sida y otras ITS, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juanjo Mascort
- Centro de Salud La Florida Sud, ICS, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
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Albóniga OE, Moreno E, Martínez-Sanz J, Vizcarra P, Ron R, Díaz-Álvarez J, Rosas Cancio-Suarez M, Sánchez-Conde M, Galán JC, Angulo S, Moreno S, Barbas C, Serrano-Villar S. Author Correction: Differential abundance of lipids and metabolites related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22513. [PMID: 38110458 PMCID: PMC10728131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oihane E Albóniga
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rosas Cancio-Suarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Angulo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Martínez-Sanz J, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Díaz-Álvarez J, Rosas Cancio-Suárez M, Rodríguez JM, Alba C, Montes ML, Martín-Mateos R, Burgos-Santamaría D, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S, Sánchez-Conde M. A gut microbiome signature for HIV and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297378. [PMID: 38162648 PMCID: PMC10755913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has emerged as an increasingly recognized problem among people living with HIV (PLWH). The gut-liver axis is considered to be strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of MASLD. We aimed to characterize the gut microbiota composition in PLWH and MASLD and compare it with that of two control groups: PLWH without MASLD and individuals with MASLD without HIV infection. Methods We collected clinical data and stool samples from participants. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced, and clustered into operational taxonomic unit. Alpha diversity was studied by Shannon and Simpson indexes. To study how different the gut microbiota composition is between the different groups, beta diversity estimation was evaluated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. To further analyze differences in microbiome composition we performed a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). Results We included 30 HIV+MASLD+, 30 HIV+MASLD- and 20 HIV-MASLD+ participants. Major butyrate producers, including Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospira dominated the microbiota in all three groups. Shannon's and Simpson's diversity metrics were higher among MASLD+ individuals (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.047). Beta diversity analysis showed distinct clustering in MASLD-, with MASLD+ participants overlapping regardless of HIV status (ADONIS significance <0.001). MASLD was associated with increased homogeneity across individuals, in contrast to that observed in the HIV+NAFDL- group, in which the dispersion was higher (Permanova test, p value <0.001; ANOSIM, p value <0.001). MASLD but not HIV determined a different microbiota structure (HIV+MASLD- vs. HIV+MASLD+, q-value = 0.002; HIV-MASLD+ vs. HIV+MASLD+, q-value = 0.930; and HIV-MASLD+ vs. HIV+MASLD-, q-value < 0.001). The most abundant genera in MASLD- were Prevotella, Bacteroides, Dialister, Acidaminococcos, Alloprevotella, and Catenibacterium. In contrast, the most enriched genera in MASLD+ were Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, Holdemanella, Blautia, and Lactobacillus. Conclusions We found a microbiome signature linked to MASLD, which had a greater influence on the overall structure of the gut microbiota than HIV status alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rosas Cancio-Suárez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Montes
- HIV Unit - Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Martín-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Burgos-Santamaría
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sendagorta Cudós E, Sotomayor C, Masia Canuto M, Cabello A, Curran A, Ocampo A, Rava M, Muriel A, Macías J, Rial-Crestelo D, Martínez-Sanz J, Martinez L, de la Villa López-Sánchez M, Perez-Molina JA. Incidence of Anal Cancer and Related Risk Factors in HIV-Infected Patients Enrolled in the National Prospective Spanish Cohort CoRIS. Dis Colon Rectum 2023; 66:e1186-e1194. [PMID: 37556018 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV have an increased risk of anal cancer. OBJECTIVE To estimate anal cancer incidence and related risk factors in a national cohort of HIV-infected patients. DESIGN Prospective multicenter cohort study. SETTINGS Multicenter study including patients from the Spanish HIV Research Network. PATIENTS We collected data from 16,274 HIV-infected treatment-naive adults recruited from January 2004 to November 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The primary outcome measures of this study were the incidence and prevalence of anal carcinoma. The secondary outcome measures included the associations between baseline and time-dependent covariables and the primary end point. RESULTS Twenty-six cases of anal cancer were diagnosed, 22 of which were incident cases resulting in a cumulative incidence of 22.29 of 100,000 person-years, which was stable during the study period. At the end of the study, 20 of the 43 centers had screening programs for high-grade anal dysplasia. Patients with anal cancer were males (26/26; 100% vs 13,833/16,248; 85.1%), were mostly men who have sex with men (23/26; 88.5% vs 10,017/16,248; 61.6%), had a median age of 43 years (interquartile range, 35-51), were more frequently previously diagnosed with an AIDS-defining illness (9/26; 34.6% vs 2429/16,248; 15%), and had lower nadir CD4 cell counts (115 vs 303 µL). About a third (34.6%, 9/26) were younger than 35 years. In multivariable analysis, men who have sex with men and patients with previous AIDS-defining illness had an 8.3-fold (95% CI, 1.9-36.3) and 2.7-fold (95% CI, 1.1-6.6) increased HR for developing anal cancer, respectively. Patients with higher CD4 cell counts during the follow-up showed a 28% lower risk per each additional 100 CD4 cell/µL (95% CI, 41%-22%). LIMITATIONS Lack of information on some potential risk factors, screening, and treatment of high-grade anal dysplasia were not uniformly initiated across centers during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall incidence in our study was low, there was a significant number of patients younger than 35 years with anal cancer. In addition to age, other factors, such as men who have sex with men and patients with severe immunosuppression (current or past), should be prioritized for anal cancer screening. INCIDENCIA DEL CNCER DE ANO Y LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO RELACIONADOS CON PACIENTES INFECTADOS POR VIH INCLUIDOS EN LA COHORTE PROSPECTIVA NACIONAL ESPAOLA CORIS ANTECEDENTES:Las personas portadoras del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tienen un mayor riesgo de cáncer anal.OBJETIVO:Nosotros queremos estimar la incidencia de cáncer anal y los factores de riesgo relacionados en una cohorte nacional española de pacientes infectados por VIH.DISEÑO:Estudio de cohortes de tipo multicéntrico y prospectivo.ÁMBITO:Se incluyeron pacientes de la Red Española de Investigación en VIH.PACIENTES:Recolectamos los datos de 16,274 adultos infectados por el VIH que nunca habían recibido tratamiento, reclutados desde enero de 2004 hasta noviembre de 2020.MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO PRINCIPALES:Las medidas de resultado primarias de este estudio fueron la incidencia y la prevalencia del carcinoma anal. Las medidas de resultado secundarias incluyeron las asociaciones entre las covariables basales y dependientes del tiempo y el criterio principal de valoración.RESULTADOS:Se diagnosticaron 26 casos de cáncer anal, de los cuales 22 fueron casos incidentales resultando con una incidencia acumulada de 22,29/100.000 personas-año que se mantuvo estable durante el período de estudio.Al final de nuestro estudio, 20 de los 43 centros referentes tenían programas de detección de displasia anal de alto grado. Los pacientes con cáncer anal eran hombres (26/26; 100% vs 13 833/16 248; 85,1%), en su mayoría hombres que mantenían sexo con otros hombres (23/26; 88,5% vs 10 017/16 248; 61,6%), la mediana de edad fue de 43 años (IQR: 3 -51), 34,6% (9/26) < 35 años, previa y frecuentemente diagnosticados con una enfermedad definitoria de SIDA (9/26; 34,6% vs 2429/16248; 15%) y que tenían un punto opuesto mucho más bajo en el recuentos de células CD4 (115 µL frente a 303 µL).En el análisis multivariable, los hombres que tenían relaciones sexuales con otros hombres y los pacientes con enfermedades definitorias de sida anteriores, tenían un aumento de 8,3 veces (IC del 95%: 1,9 a 36,3) y de 2,7 veces (IC del 95%: 1,1 a 6,6) en el cociente de riesgos instantáneos para desarrollar cáncer anal, respectivamente. Los pacientes con recuentos de células CD4 más altos durante el seguimiento mostraron un riesgo 28 % menor por cada 100 células CD4/µl adicionales (95% IC: 41%- 22%).LIMITACIONES:La falta de información sobre algunos factores potenciales de riesgo, la detección y el tratamiento de la displasia anal de alto grado no se iniciaron uniformemente en todos los centros durante el período de estudio.CONCLUSIONES:Si bien la incidencia general en nuestro estudio fue baja, hubo un número significativo de pacientes de <35 años con cáncer anal. Además de la edad, otros factores como los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y los pacientes con inmunosupresión severa (actual o pasada) deben priorizarse para la detección del cáncer anal. ( Traducción-Dr. Xavier Delgadillo ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sendagorta Cudós
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Sotomayor
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Group, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mar Masia Canuto
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cabello
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Curran
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Ocampo
- Consulta de seguimiento de VIH-Medicina Interna, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Rava
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Clinic Biostatistic Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan Macías
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Rial-Crestelo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- HIV Unit, University Hospital 12 de Octubre-Imas12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Martinez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario General de Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | - José A Perez-Molina
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Referal Centre for Tropical Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Sanz J, Ponce-Alonso M, Martínez-García L, de la Cueva V, Olavarrieta L, Montero L, Pérez-Elías MJ, Galán JC. Description of mpox reinfection by whole genome sequencing. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 137:111-113. [PMID: 37884258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several possible mpox reinfections have been reported, however, the debate on whether these are confirmed reinfections remains open. A 30-year-old male living with HIV and a history of single-dose mpox vaccination, first diagnosed with mpox in September 2022, presented with genital ulcers in March 2023, testing positive for mpox virus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of viral DNA with cycle threshold values of 24 and 25, respectively. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic approach allowed us to classify these viruses as Clade IIb lineage B.1 and Clade IIb lineage B.1.4, respectively. Twelve nucleotide differences were identified. The observed difference was higher than the estimate of mutations/genome/year described. These data confirm that mpox reinfection is possible and reinforces current vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Ponce-Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-García
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor de la Cueva
- Unidad Central de Apoyo Genómica Traslacional (UCA-GT), IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Olavarrieta
- Unidad Central de Apoyo Genómica Traslacional (UCA-GT), IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Montero
- Directorate General of Public Health, Regional Ministry of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Rosas Cancio-Suárez M, Ron R, Díaz-Álvarez J, Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S, Moreno S, Sánchez-Conde M. Prevalence, characteristics, and associated risk factors of drug consumption and chemsex use among individuals attending an STI clinic (EpITs STUDY). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1285057. [PMID: 38026436 PMCID: PMC10644726 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1285057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-related drug consumption and its health-related consequences have gained relevance in the assessment of patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which pose a significant challenge to public health. We aim to assess the prevalence and characteristics of drug consumption and chemsex practices, describe the associated risk factors among general individuals attending an STI clinic, and evaluate the psychological impact associated with these behaviors. We conducted an online anonymous survey offered to patients with a diagnosis of STI in a tertiary hospital in Spain. Data included sociodemographic characteristics, sexual preferences and behavior, and assessment of drug use, chemsex, and psychological and mental health symptoms. Data from 145 subjects was collected, with a higher proportion of cis-gender men (71%), and a median age of 32 years. 64 participants (44%) reported drug use in the last year, with an observed 33.8% prevalence of chemsex consumption. Drug use and chemsex were more frequent among cis-gender men, Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), people living with HIV (PLHIV), and those reporting previous group sex. Poppers and cannabis were the most frequently reported drugs, with a prevalence close to 20% for cocaine, mephedrone, extasis, and GHB. Consequences related to drug use included unpleasant physical sensations, sexual dysfunction, and impaired sexual experience after reduction or drug discontinuation. The prevalence of drug use and chemsex practices are high among patients evaluated for STIs, especially between men, MSM, and subjects practicing group sex. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions on prevention and reduction of their impact on health and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rosas Cancio-Suárez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Moreno E, Martínez-Sanz J, Martín-Mateos R, Díaz-Álvarez J, Serrano-Villar S, Burgos-Santamaría D, Luna L, Vivancos MJ, Moreno-Zamora A, Pérez-Elías MJ, Moreno S, Dronda F, Montes ML, Sánchez-Conde M. Global DNA methylation and telomere length as markers of accelerated aging in people living with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:567. [PMID: 37741970 PMCID: PMC10517540 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a comorbidity that generally increases in people living with HIV (PLWH). This condition is usually accompanied by persistent inflammation and premature immune system aging. In this prospective cohort study, we describe a straightforward methodology for quantifying biomarkers of aging, such as DNA methylation and telomere length, in PLWH and in the context of another relevant condition, such as MAFLD. Fifty-seven samples in total, thirty-eight from PLWH and nineteen from non-PLWH participants with or without MAFLD, were obtained and subjected to DNA extraction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Global DNA methylation and telomere length quantification were performed using an adapted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qPCR, respectively. The quantification results were analysed and corrected by clinically relevant variables in this context, such as age, sex, and metabolic syndrome. Our results show an increased association of these biomarkers in PLWH regardless of their MAFLD status. Thus, we propose including the quantification of these age-related factors in studies of comorbidities. This will allow a better understanding of the effect of comorbidities of HIV infection and MAFLD and prevent their effects in these populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Martín-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Burgos-Santamaría
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Luna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno-Zamora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Dronda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Montes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Albóniga OE, Moreno E, Martínez-Sanz J, Vizcarra P, Ron R, Díaz-Álvarez J, Rosas Cancio-Suarez M, Sánchez-Conde M, Galán JC, Angulo S, Moreno S, Barbas C, Serrano-Villar S. Differential abundance of lipids and metabolites related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15124. [PMID: 37704651 PMCID: PMC10500013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility remain poorly understood, especially the factors determining why unvaccinated individuals remain uninfected despite high-risk exposures. To understand lipid and metabolite profiles related with COVID-19 susceptibility and disease progression. We collected samples from an exceptional group of unvaccinated healthcare workers heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but not infected ('non-susceptible') and subjects who became infected during the follow-up ('susceptible'), including non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients with different disease severity providing samples at early disease stages. Then, we analyzed their plasma metabolomic profiles using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid and gas chromatography. We show specific lipids profiles and metabolites that could explain SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 severity. More importantly, non-susceptible individuals show a unique lipidomic pattern characterized by the upregulation of most lipids, especially ceramides and sphingomyelin, which could be interpreted as markers of low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study strengthens the findings of other researchers about the importance of studying lipid profiles as relevant markers of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane E Albóniga
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rosas Cancio-Suarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Angulo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Martínez-Sanz J, Díaz-Álvarez J, Rosas M, Ron R, Iribarren JA, Bernal E, Gutiérrez F, Ruiz Sancho A, Cabello N, Olalla J, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. Expanding HIV clinical monitoring: the role of CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting non-AIDS events. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104773. [PMID: 37639938 PMCID: PMC10474064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a low CD4/CD8 ratio during HIV treatment correlates with immunosenescence, its value in identifying patients at an increased risk for clinical events remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed data from the CoRIS cohort to determine whether CD4 count, CD8 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio at year two of antiretroviral therapy (ART) could predict the risk of serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) during the next five years. These included major adverse cardiovascular events, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, and non-accidental deaths. We used pooled logistic regression with inverse probability weighting to estimate the survival curves and cumulative risk of clinical events. FINDINGS The study included 4625 participants, 83% male, of whom 200 (4.3%) experienced an SNAE during the follow-up period. A CD4/CD8 ratio <0.3 predicted an increased risk of SNAEs during the next five years (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.03-2.58). The effect was stronger at a CD4/CD8 ratio cut-off of <0.2 (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.57-6.07). Additionally, low CD4 count at cut-offs of <500 cells/μL predicted an increased risk of clinical events. Among participants with a CD4 count ≥500 cells/μL, a CD8 count ≥1500 cells/μL or a CD4/CD8 ratio <0.4 predicted increased SNAE risk. INTERPRETATION Our results support the use of the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 count as predictors of clinical progression. Patients with CD4/CD8 ratio <0.3 or CD8 count ≥1500/μL, regardless of their CD4 count, may benefit from closer monitoring and targeted preventive interventions. FUNDING This work was supported by CIBER (CB 2021), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea-NextGenerationEU; by the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) RD16/0025/0001 project as part of the Plan Nacional R + D + I, and cofinanced by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)- Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), ISCIII projects PI18/00154, PI21/00141, and ERDF, "A way to make Europe", ICI20/00058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rosas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Iribarren
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, Instituto de Investigación BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Enrique Bernal
- Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noemi Cabello
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Rosas Cancio-Suárez M, Díaz-Álvarez J, Ron R, Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S, Moreno S, Sánchez-Conde M. From Innovation to Implementation: The Evolution of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Future Implications. Pathogens 2023; 12:924. [PMID: 37513771 PMCID: PMC10384104 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV-prevention strategy that involves the continuous administration of antiretroviral drugs to HIV-negative individuals with a substantial risk of contracting an HIV infection. The use of PrEP has shown a reduction in the risk of HIV acquisition through sexual intercourse by up to 99%. Despite its effectiveness, PrEP uptake remains low among populations at high risk of HIV infection. This highlights the need for further research in strategies to enhance awareness and uptake of PrEP amongst these specific populations. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the effectiveness of PrEP in reducing HIV transmission rates. Additionally, we examine the obstacles related to PrEP implementation and uptake and put forward potential strategies to raise awareness and improve its use among populations at an increased risk of contracting HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rosas Cancio-Suárez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Guadalajara Campus, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Guadalajara Campus, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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García-Ruiz de Morales AG, Martínez-Sanz J, Vivancos-Gallego MJ, Sánchez-Conde M, Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés M, Romero-Hernández B, Vázquez MDG, de Luque CMC, González-Sarria A, Galán JC, Rodríguez FG, Moreno S, Pérez-Elías MJ. HIV and HCV screening by non-infectious diseases physicians: can we improve testing and hidden infection rates? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1136988. [PMID: 37435522 PMCID: PMC10332317 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Missed opportunities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) testing remain high. We aimed to ascertain the knowledge of screening guidelines and attitudes of non-infectious disease (ID) hospital physicians and assess the impact of a 1-h session on screening rates and diagnoses. Methods This interventional study consisted of a 1-h training session on HIV and HCV epidemiology and testing guidelines for non-ID physicians. Pre-and post-session questionnaires compared the knowledge of the guidelines and attitudes toward screening before and after the session. Rates of screening and diagnoses were compared in three 6 months periods: before, immediately after, and 24 months ±4 after the session. Results A total of 345 physicians from 31 departments participated in these sessions. Before the session, 19.9% (28% medical, 8% surgical) and 17.9% (30% medical, 2.7% surgical) were aware of HIV and HCV testing guidelines, respectively. The willingness to routinely test increased from 5.6 to 22%, whereas not ordering tests decreased from 34.1 to 2.4%. HIV screening rates significantly increased by 20% after the session (7.7 vs. 9.3 tests per 103 patients; p < 0.001), and the effect persisted until the long-term period. The HIV diagnosis rate increased globally (3.6 vs. 5.2 HIV diagnoses per 105 patients; p = 0.157), mainly because of medical services (4.7 vs. 7.7 per 105 patients; p = 0.082). The HCV screening rate increased significantly immediately and in the long term only in medical services (15.7 and 13.6%, respectively). The new active HCV infection rates increased immediately and declined steeply thereafter. Conclusion A short session for non-ID physicians can improve HIV/HCV screening, increase diagnosis, and contribute to disease elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro G García-Ruiz de Morales
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Vivancos-Gallego
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ander González-Sarria
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gea Rodríguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Rosas Cancio-Suárez M, Alonso C, Vivancos MJ, Pérez-Elías MJ, Cárdenas MJ, Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés M, Corbacho MD, Martín-Pedraza L, Muriel A, Martínez-Sanz J, Moreno S. Impact of COVID-19 on the Care of Patients with HIV Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3882. [PMID: 37373579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have been associated with substantial disruptions to health care services, including screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and management of people living with HIV (PLWH). Data from 3265 patients were examined in a retrospective cohort study. We compared outpatient follow-up for PLWH, the number of new patients, treatment adherence, hospitalizations, and deaths during the "pandemic period" (March 2020 to February 2021), the "pre-pandemic period" (the equivalent time frame in 2019), and the "post-pandemic period" (March to September 2021). During the pandemic period, the number of new patients seen at the HIV clinic (116) as well as the requested viral load tests (2414) decreased significantly compared to the pre-pandemic (204 and 2831, respectively) and post-pandemic periods (146 and 2640, respectively) (p < 0.01 for all the comparisons). However, across the three study periods, the number of drug refills (1385, 1330, and 1411, respectively), the number of patients with undetectable viral loads (85%, 90%, and 93%, respectively), and the number of hospital admissions among PLWH remained constant. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, our findings show stability in the retention of clinical care, adherence to treatment, and viral suppression of PLWH, with no significant impact on hospitalization rates or all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rosas Cancio-Suárez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Alonso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Cárdenas
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Corbacho
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Pedraza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Guadalajara Campus, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Guadalajara Campus, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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15
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Ron R, Moreno E, Martínez-Sanz J, Brañas F, Sainz T, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. CD4/CD8 ratio during HIV treatment: time for routine monitoring? Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1688-1696. [PMID: 36883584 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, studies in PWH on ART have shed light on the significance of persistently high CD8 counts and low CD4/CD8 ratios. A low CD4/CD8 ratio translates increased immune activation and is associated with an increased risk of severe non-AIDS events. As a result, many clinicians now believe that the CD4/CD8 ratio can help in HIV monitoring, and many researchers now report it as an efficacy marker in interventional studies. However, the topic is more complex. Recent studies have not yielded unanimous conclusions on the ability of CD4/CD8 ratio to predict adverse outcomes, and only some clinical guidelines recommend monitoring it. Knowledge gaps remain on the best cut-off points, associated clinical events, effects of treatments, and how CD4/CD8 ratio could improve decision-making in the clinic. Here, we critically review the literature, identify knowledge gaps and discuss the role of the CD4/CD8 ratio as a marker for HIV monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRICYS. Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.,Immunovirology Laboratory. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRICYS. Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRICYS. Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Brañas
- Department of Geriatrics. Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor. Madrid, Spain
| | - Talía Sainz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRICYS. Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine. Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRICYS. Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.,HIV Division, Department of Medicine. University of California San Francisco, United States
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16
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Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S, Muriel A, García Fraile LJ, Orviz E, Mena de Cea Á, Campins AA, Moreno S. Metabolic-Related Outcomes After Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e652-e660. [PMID: 35903910 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has replaced tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in many clinical settings. However, concerns remain about potential metabolic complications of TAF. We aimed to evaluate changes in weight, laboratory markers, and metabolic-related clinical events after replacing TDF with TAF. METHODS Multicenter prospective cohort study in the Spanish CoRIS cohort. We included virologically suppressed adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving TDF for more than 12 months who either switched to TAF or maintained TDF, with no changes in the core agent. Participants were matched by propensity score. We fitted generalized equation models to assess changes in weight, blood lipids, and hepatic steatosis index, and to compare the incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and lipid-lowering drug use after 144 weeks. RESULTS In total, 1446 participants were matched in each group. Median age was 38 years, 85% were male, mean weight at baseline was 73 kg. Participants who switched to TAF had a mean weight increase of +0.5 kg at 144 weeks over those who maintained TDF, with no difference in the occurrence of overweight or obesity. Individuals who switched to TAF had a significant increase in total cholesterol (+7.9 mg/dL) and triglycerides (+11.2 mg/dL), with no differences in the total cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. However, no increased incidence of diabetes, hypertension, or lipid-lowering drug use was observed after the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Switching from TDF to TAF is associated with modest weight gain and increases in total cholesterol and triglycerides, without an impact on the incidence of obesity or metabolic-related clinical events, in this Spanish cohort with a majority White male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Clinical Biostatistic Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucio J García Fraile
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Orviz
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena de Cea
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario a Coruña (CHUAC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni A Campins
- Department of Internal Medicine - Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Vivancos-Gallego MJ, Sánchez-Conde M, Rodríguez-Domínguez M, Fernandez-Gonzalez P, Martínez-García L, Garcia-Mouronte E, Martínez-Sanz J, Moreno-Zamora AM, Casado JL, Ron R, Galán JC, Pérez-Elías MJ, Moreno S. Human Monkeypox in People With HIV: Transmission, Clinical Features, and Outcome. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac557. [PMID: 36381620 PMCID: PMC9664972 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the first 25 persons with HIV diagnosed with human monkeypox virus (MPXV) in our hospital in an ongoing outbreak in Spain. Proctitis was the predominant finding in 52%, and MPXV DNA was detected in rectal swabs from 90%. Proctitis and demonstration of MPXV in rectal swabs support the sexual transmission of MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Vivancos-Gallego
- Correspondence: Maria J. Vivancos-Gallego, MD, PhD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital U. Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Km, 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain ()
| | | | - Mario Rodríguez-Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Martínez-García
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Moreno-Zamora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Romero-Hernández B, Martínez-García L, Rodríguez-Dominguez M, Martínez-Sanz J, Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés M, Pérez Mies B, Muriel A, Gea F, Pérez-Elías MJ, Galán JC. The Negative Impact of COVID-19 in HCV, HIV, and HPV Surveillance Programs During the Different Pandemic Waves. Front Public Health 2022; 10:880435. [PMID: 35937266 PMCID: PMC9353175 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.880435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a worldwide stress test for health systems. 2 years have elapsed since the description of the first cases of pneumonia of unknown origin. This study quantifies the impact of COVID-19 in the screening program of chronic viral infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) along the six different pandemic waves in our population. Each wave had particular epidemiological, biological, or clinical patterns.MethodsWe analyzed the number of samples for screening of these viruses from March 2020 to February 2022, the new infections detected in the pandemic period compared to the previous year, the time elapsed between diagnosis and linking to treatment and follow-up of patients, and the percentage of late HIV diagnosis. Moreover, we used the origin of the samples as a marker for quantifying the restoration of activity in primary care.ResultsDuring the first pandemic year, the number of samples received was reduced by 26.7, 22.6, and 22.5% for molecular detection of HPV or serological HCV and HIV status respectively. The highest decrease was observed during the first wave with 70, 40, and 26.7% for HPV, HCV, and HIV. As expected, new diagnoses also decreased by 35.4, 58.2, and 40.5% for HPV, HCV, and HIV respectively during the first year of the pandemic. In the second year of the pandemic, the number of samples remained below pre-pandemic period levels for HCV (−3.6%) and HIV (−9.3%) but was slightly higher for HPV (8.0%). The new diagnoses in the second year of the pandemic were −16.1, −46.8, and −18.6% for HPV, HCV, and HIV respectively.ConclusionsUndoubtedly, an important number of new HPV, HCV, and HIV infections were lost during the COVID-19 pandemic, and surveillance programs were disrupted as a consequence of collapse of the health system. It is a priority to reinforce these surveillance programs as soon as possible in order to detect undiagnosed cases before the associated morbidity-mortality increases. New pandemic waves could increase the risk of reversing the achievements made over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Romero-Hernández
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-García
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Dominguez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belen Pérez Mies
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Muriel
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gea
- Liver Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Carlos Galán
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Martínez-Sanz J, Calvo MV, Serrano-Villar S, Montes ML, Martín-Mateos R, Burgos-Santamaría D, Díaz-Álvarez J, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Rosas M, Moreno S, Fontecha J, Sánchez-Conde M. Effects of HIV Infection in Plasma Free Fatty Acid Profiles among People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133842. [PMID: 35807127 PMCID: PMC9267237 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its high prevalence, the mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) are still unclear. In this prospective cohort study, we aim to evaluate differences in plasma fatty acid profiles between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants with NAFLD. We included participants diagnosed with NAFLD, both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected. Fatty acid methyl esters were measured from plasma samples. Ratios ([product]/[substrate]) were used to estimate desaturases and elongases activity. We used linear regression for adjusted analyses. We included 31 PLWH and 22 HIV-uninfected controls. We did not find differences in the sum of different types of FA or in FA with a greater presence of plasma. However, there were significant differences in the distribution of some FA, with higher concentrations of ALA, trans-palmitoleic, and behenic acids, and a lower concentration of lignoceric acid in PLWH. PLWH had lower C24:0/C22:0 and C16:0/C14:0 ratios, which estimates the activity of elongases ELOVL1 and ELOVL6. Both groups had similar fatty acid distribution, despite differences in traditional risk factors. PLWH had a lower proportion of specific ratios that estimate ELOVL1 and ELOVL6 activity, which had been previously described for other inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-V.); (J.D.-Á.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-S.); (M.S.-C.)
| | - María Visitación Calvo
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-V.); (J.D.-Á.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Montes
- HIV Unit—Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario la Paz—IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa Martín-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-M.); (D.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Burgos-Santamaría
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-M.); (D.B.-S.)
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-V.); (J.D.-Á.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Rosas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-V.); (J.D.-Á.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-V.); (J.D.-Á.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-V.); (J.D.-Á.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-S.); (M.S.-C.)
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20
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Jiménez D, Martínez-Sanz J, Sainz T, Calvo C, Méndez-Echevarría A, Moreno E, Blázquez-Gamero D, Vizcarra P, Rodríguez M, Jenkins R, Sánchez-Conde M, Ron R, Norman F, Moreno S, Ferrer M, Serrano-Villar S. Differences in saliva ACE2 activity among infected and non-infected adult and pediatric population exposed to SARS-CoV-2. J Infect 2022; 85:86-89. [PMID: 35490737 PMCID: PMC9050198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in the ACE2 activity in saliva could explain the striking differences of susceptibility to infection and risk of severe disease. METHODS We analyze the activity of ACE2 in saliva in different population groups across a wide age range and disease status during April to June 2020, before SARS-CoV-2 vaccine implementation, and we establish differences between infected people and participants considered resistant (highly exposed healthcare workers and children who cohabited with parents with COVID-19 without isolation and remain IgG negative). RESULTS We included 74 adults, of which 47 (64%) were susceptible and 27 (36%) were resistant, and 79 children, of which 41 (52%) were susceptible and 38 (48%) were resistant. Resistant adults have significantly lower ACE2 activity in saliva than susceptible adults and non-significant higher values than susceptible and resistant children. ACE2 activity is similar in the susceptible and resistant pediatric population (p = 0.527). In contrast, we observe an increase in activity as the disease's severity increases among the adult population (mild disease vs. severe disease, 39 vs. 105 FU, p = 0.039; severe disease vs. resistant, 105 vs. 31 FU, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS using an enzymatic test, we show that ACE2 activity in saliva correlates with the susceptibility to SARS-Cov-2 infection and disease severity. Children and adults with low-susceptibility to SARS-Cov-2 infection showed the lowest ACE2 activity. These findings could inform future strategies to identify at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jiménez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding authors
| | - Talía Sainz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hospital La Paz, and La PazResearch Institute (IdiPAZ), Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hospital La Paz, and La PazResearch Institute (IdiPAZ), Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Méndez-Echevarría
- Department of Pediatrics, Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hospital La Paz, and La PazResearch Institute (IdiPAZ), Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Blázquez-Gamero
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Norman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding authors
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21
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Martínez-Sanz J, Ron R, Moreno E, Sánchez-Conde M, Muriel A, López Cortés LF, Blanco JR, Pineda JA, Mena Á, Calzado Isbert S, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. Similar CD4/CD8 Ratio Recovery After Initiation of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine Versus Dolutegravir or Bictegravir-Based Three-Drug Regimens in Naive Adults With HIV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873408. [PMID: 35432298 PMCID: PMC9009371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The initiation of antiretroviral treatment based on a 2-drug regimen (2DR) with dolutegravir plus lamivudine has demonstrated non-inferior efficacy than dolutegravir-based three-drug regimens (3DR). We aimed to assess whether the treatment initiation with this 2DR has a different impact on the CD4/CD8 ratio recovery than INSTI-based 3DR. Methods We emulated a target trial using observational data from the Spanish HIV Research Network cohort (CoRIS). The outcomes of interest were the normalization of the CD4/CD8 ratio at 48 weeks using three different cutoffs: 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. We matched each participant who started 2DR with up to four participants who received 3DR. Subsequently, we fitted generalized estimating equation (GEE) models and used the Kaplan–Meier method for survival curves. Results We included 485, 805, and 924 participants for cutoffs of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, respectively. At 48 weeks, 45% of participants achieved a CD4/CD8 ratio >0.5, 15% achieved a ratio >1.0, and 6% achieved a ratio >1.5. GEE models yielded a similar risk of reaching a CD4/CD8 ratio >0.5 (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.67 - 1.50), CD4/CD8 >1.0 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.68 - 1.58), and CD4/CD8 >1.5 (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.48 - 1.54) between both treatment strategies. There were no differences between 2DR and 3DR in the incidence ratio of CD4/CD8 ratio normalization at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cut-offs. Conclusions In this large cohort study in people with HIV, ART initiation with dolutegravir plus lamivudine vs. dolutegravir or bictegravir-based triple antiretroviral therapy showed no difference in the rates of CD4/CD8 normalization at 48 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Fernando López Cortés
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Ramón Blanco
- Hospital San Pedro, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Pineda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sonia Calzado Isbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Serrano-Villar S, López-Huertas MR, Jiménez D, Galera C, Martínez-Sanz J, Moreno E, Muriel A, Gutiérrez F, Busca C, Portilla J, Bisbal O, Iribarren JA, Tejerina F, de Los Santos I, Moreno S. Long-Term Changes of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals on Suppressive Three-Drug or Two-Drug Antiretroviral Regimens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848630. [PMID: 35359950 PMCID: PMC8964183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because inflammation is associated with mortality and has been linked to HIV transcription in lymphoid tissues during ART, it is necessary to address the long-term effects of switching 3-drug (3DR) to 2-drug regimens (2DR) on inflammation. Methods Nested study in the Spanish AIDS Research Network. We selected PWH ART-naive initiating 3DR who achieved viral suppression in the first 48 weeks and either remained on 3DR or switched to 2DR (3TC+bPI; 3TC+DTG; DTG+RPV). We assessed the trajectories on inflammatory markers during ART using multivariate piecewise mixed models. Results We analyzed 619 plasma samples from 148 patients (3DR, N=90; 2DR, N=58), the median follow-up was 4.6 (IQR 3.2-6.2) years. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with 3DR experienced a slow decline of IL6, hs-CRP, sCD14, sCD163, and D-dimer over time. In contrast, compared to 3DR, switching to 2DR was associated with increases in IL-6 (p=0.001), hs-CRP (p=0.003), and D-dimer (p=0.001) after year 3 from virologic suppression. 2DR was associated with a higher risk of hs-CRP quartile increase (aOR 3.3, 95%CI 1.1-10) and D-dimer quartile increase (aOR 3.7, 95%CI 1.1-13). The adjusted biomarker trajectories did not reveal a distinct pattern according to the type of 2DR used (bPI vs DTG). Conclusions In this study in virally suppressed individuals, maintaining 3DR was associated with a more favorable long-term inflammatory profile than switching to 2DR. The potential clinical implications of these findings on the development of non-AIDS events deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investivestigación Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBER-Infec, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Jiménez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investivestigación Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBER-Infec, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galera
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investivestigación Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBER-Infec, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investivestigación Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBER-Infec, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBER-Infec, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital General Universitario de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Busca
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBER-Infec, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Portilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Otilia Bisbal
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investivestigación Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBER-Infec, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Albóniga OE, Jiménez D, Sánchez-Conde M, Vizcarra P, Ron R, Herrera S, Martínez-Sanz J, Moreno E, Moreno S, Barbas C, Serrano-Villar S. Metabolic Snapshot of Plasma Samples Reveals New Pathways Implicated in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:623-634. [PMID: 35133846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the scientific and human efforts to understand COVID-19, there are questions still unanswered. Variations in the metabolic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection could explain the striking differences in the susceptibility to infection and the risk of severe disease. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics to examine novel metabolic pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 clinical severity using capillary electrophoresis coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CE-TOF-MS) in plasma samples. We included 27 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 29 healthcare workers heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but with low susceptibility to infection ("nonsusceptible"). We found a total of 42 metabolites of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility or COVID-19 clinical severity. We report the discovery of new plasma biomarkers for COVID-19 that provide mechanistic explanations for the clinical consequences of SARS-CoV-2, including mitochondrial and liver dysfunction as a consequence of hypoxemia (citrulline, citric acid, and 3-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA)), energy production and amino acid catabolism (phenylalanine and histidine), and endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis (citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and 2-aminobutyric acid (2-AB)), and we found interconnections between these pathways. In summary, in this first report several metabolic pathways implicated in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 clinical progression were found by CE-MS based metabolomics that could be developed as biomarkers of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane E Albóniga
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and CIBERInf, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-Álvarez J, Roiz P, Gorospe L, Ayala A, Pérez-Pinto S, Martínez-Sanz J, Sánchez-Conde M, Casado JL, Pérez-Elías MJ, Moreno A, Ron R, Vivancos MJ, Vizcarra P, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. Implementation of a lung cancer screening initiative in HIV-infected subjects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260069. [PMID: 34890391 PMCID: PMC8664191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot program of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for the screening of lung cancer (LC) in a targeted population of people with HIV (PWH), its prevalence was 3.6%; the number needed to screen in order to detect one case of lung cancer was 28, clearly outweighing the risks associated with lung cancer screening. While data from additional cohorts with longitudinal measurements are needed, PWH are a target population for lung cancer screening with LDCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Roiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gorospe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
| | - Ana Ayala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
| | - Sergio Pérez-Pinto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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25
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Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S, Vivancos MJ, Rubio R, Moreno S. Management of Comorbidities in Treated HIV Infection: A Long Way to Go: HIV, comorbidities and aging. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 59:106493. [PMID: 34871746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Modern ART has now achieved the goal of maintaining HIV RNA suppression with minimum drug-related toxicities. Indeed, in high-income settings, the main health issues in adult people living with HIV (PLWH) today are diseases not directly associated with HIV. These conditions have become the central topic of discussion in HIV clinical forums. While they are common in the general population and typically associated with the aging process, their burden, diagnosis, clinical course and subsequent therapy alongside treated HIV infection exhibit specific features. Currently, we are confronted with the formidable challenge of normalizing the health of PLWH and creating a more comprehensive HIV management program. Here, we compile the opinions of a joint effort of 30 HIV specialists who reviewed the literature and debated the latest major challenges in the field of HIV-associated comorbidities and delineated future strategies to fully normalize health in HIV. Six key questions are answered and developed, such as the relevance of comorbidities in the management of HIV-infected patients, their drivers, management, prevention strategies, and possible evolution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases. University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas.
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases. University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas.
| | - María Jesús Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases. University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas.
| | - Rafael Rubio
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Department of Internal Medicine. University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases. University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas.
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26
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Guerrero-Beltrán C, Martínez-Sanz J, Álvarez M, Olalla J, García-Álvarez M, Iribarren JA, Masiá M, Montero M, García-Bujalance S, Blanco JR, Rivero M, García-Fraile LJ, Espinosa N, Rodríguez C, Aguilera A, Vidal-Ampurdanes MC, Martínez M, Iborra A, Imaz A, Gómez-Sirvent JL, Peraire J, Portilla J, Caballero E, Alejos B, García F, Moreno S. The algorithm used for the interpretation of doravirine transmitted drug resistance strongly influences clinical practice and guideline recommendations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1294-1300. [PMID: 32030406 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report the results of the reverse transcriptase (RT)/protease (PR) transmitted drug resistance (TDR) prevalence study in 2018, focusing on doravirine resistance-associated mutations and the differences observed when Stanford or French National Agency for AIDS Research (ANRS)/Spanish Network of AIDS Research (RIS)/IAS-USA resistance interpretation algorithms are used to describe clinically relevant resistance. METHODS We used the WHO 2009 list to investigate the prevalence of NNRTI, NRTI and PI TDR, in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients, adding mutations E138A/G/K/Q/R, V106I, V108I, V179L, G190Q, H221Y, F227C/L/V, M230IDR, L234I, P236L and Y318F in RT. The prevalence of doravirine resistance-associated mutations, as described by Soulie et al. in 2019, was evaluated. Clinically relevant TDR was investigated using the latest versions of ANRS, RIS, IAS-USA and Stanford algorithms. RESULTS NNRTI mutations were detected in 82 of 606 (13.5%) patients. We found 18 patients (3.0%) with NRTI mutations and 5 patients (0.8%) with PI mutations. We detected 11 patients harbouring doravirine resistance-associated mutations (prevalence of 1.8%). Furthermore, we observed important differences in clinically relevant resistance to doravirine when ANRS/RIS (0.7%), IAS-USA (0.5%) or Stanford algorithms (5.0%) were used. V106I, which was detected in 3.8% of the patients, was the main mutation driving these differences. V106I detection was not associated with any of the clinical, demographic or virological characteristics of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of NRTI and PI TDR remains constant in Spain. Doravirine TDR is very infrequent by RIS/ANRS/IAS-USA algorithms, in contrast with results using the Stanford algorithm. Further genotype-phenotype studies are necessary to elucidate the role of V106I in doravirine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Beltrán
- Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Marta Álvarez
- Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mar Masiá
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Aguilera
- Complexo Hospitalario Santiago Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Arkaitz Imaz
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Peraire
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Federico García
- Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, Granada, Spain
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27
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Martínez-Sanz J, Jiménez D, Martínez-Campelo L, Cruz R, Vizcarra P, Sánchez-Conde M, Ron R, Rodríguez M, Herrera S, Moreno S, López-Huertas MR, Serrano-Villar S. Role of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 among highly exposed but non infected healthcare workers. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:493-496. [PMID: 33704002 PMCID: PMC7993370 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1902755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We included 28 uninfected but highly exposed healthcare workers and 39 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Thirty-five SNPs were rationally selected. Two variants were associated with increased risk of being susceptible to SARS-CoV-2: the minor A allele in the rs2106806 variant (OR 3.75 [95% CI 1.23-11.43]) and the minor T allele in the rs6629110 variant (OR 3.39 [95% CI 1.09-10.56]). Evaluating the role of genetic variants in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection could help identify more vulnerable individuals and suggest potential drug targets for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Campelo
- CIBERER-Genomic Medicine Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Cruz
- CIBERER-Genomic Medicine Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa López-Huertas
- Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Serrano-Villar S, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Gosalbes MJ, Madrid N, Pérez-Molina JA, Elliott RJ, Navia B, Lanza VF, Vallejo A, Osman M, Dronda F, Budree S, Zamora J, Gutiérrez C, Manzano M, Vivancos MJ, Ron R, Martínez-Sanz J, Herrera S, Ansa U, Moya A, Moreno S. Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebo-controlled study. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1139. [PMID: 33602945 PMCID: PMC7892558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the microbiota have been linked to persistent inflammation during treated HIV infection. In this pilot double-blind study, we study 30 HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4/CD8 ratio < 1 randomized to either weekly fecal microbiota capsules or placebo for 8 weeks. Stool donors were rationally selected based on their microbiota signatures. We report that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe, not related to severe adverse events, and attenuates HIV-associated dysbiosis. FMT elicits changes in gut microbiota structure, including significant increases in alpha diversity, and a mild and transient engraftment of donor's microbiota during the treatment period. The greater engraftment seems to be achieved by recent antibiotic use before FMT. The Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, which are typically depleted in people with HIV, are the taxa more robustly engrafted across time-points. In exploratory analyses, we describe a significant amelioration in the FMT group in intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), a biomarker of intestinal damage that independently predicts mortality. Gut microbiota manipulation using a non-invasive and safe strategy of FMT delivery is feasible and deserves further investigation. Trial number: NCT03008941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - María José Gosalbes
- Area of Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Madrid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Pérez-Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Navia
- Department of Nutrition, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Val F Lanza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Dronda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Zamora
- Barts and the London School for Medicine and Dentistry. Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Manzano
- Department of Nutrition, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Uxua Ansa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Area of Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG), Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Ron R, Cabello A, Gosalbes MJ, Sánchez-Conde M, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Zamora J, Monge-Maillo B, Jiménez D, Martínez-Sanz J, López Y, Crespillo C, Velasco T, Moreno S, Pérez-Molina JA, Serrano-Villar S. Exploiting the Microbiota for the Diagnosis of Anal Precancerous Lesions in Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1247-1256. [PMID: 33544868 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the microbiota has been associated with HPV malignant transformation, it is unclear whether anal bacteria could improve the low specificity of anal cytology for the screening of high grade intraepithelial squamous neoplasia (HSIL). METHODOLOGY We recruited MSM undergoing anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy. We assessed the microbiota composition from fecal samples and cytobrush anal samples using 16SrDNA sequencing in subjects with and without biopsy-proven HSIL (bHSIL). We selected bacterial biomarkers based on their linear discriminant analysis (LDA). We assessed their predictive performance using logistic regression and bootstrap resampling. RESULTS We included 128 individuals, 47 (36.7%) with bHSIL and 99 (77.3%) with HIV. We detected 40 potential predictors of bHSIL. Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Alloprevotella genus, Prevotella melanonigenica and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 were the most predictive of bHSIL. From 35 false-positive cytologic results, the combination of these four biomarkers with the anal cytology reclassified to true negative 33 (94%) individuals and showed good diagnostic performance (AUC 0.805, 95%CI 0.728 - 0.882). CONCLUSIONS We found anal-associated bacteria indicative of a higher risk of precancerous anal lesions, which combination was highly specific. The microbiota could be developed as a complementary diagnostic tool to overcome the limitations of the current screening strategy for anal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cabello
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Area of Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Zamora
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Monge-Maillo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda López
- Area of Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Crespillo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Velasco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Pérez-Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Martínez-Sanz J, Vivancos MJ, Sánchez-Conde M, Gómez-Ayerbe C, Polo L, Labrador C, González P, Mesa A, Muriel A, Chamorro C, de la Fuente Y, Pérez Elías P, Uranga A, Herrero M, Ares S, Barea R, Moreno S, Pérez-Elías MJ. Hepatitis C and HIV combined screening in primary care: A cluster randomized trial. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:345-352. [PMID: 32979880 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are major causes of worldwide disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a combined screening programme, which included a risk-assessment questionnaire and rapid tests for point-of-care diagnosis, on screening and new diagnosis rates. This prospective, cluster randomized study was carried out in primary care. The intervention arm included a 4-hour educational programme, the use of a risk-assessment questionnaire and rapid tests. In the control centres, only the educational intervention was provided. The main variables compared were the screening coverage and the number and rate of new HCV and HIV diagnoses. Of a total of 7991 participants, 4670 (58.5%) and 2894 (36.2%) presented a risk questionnaire for HIV or HCV, respectively. The younger participants, men and those from Latin America and Eastern Europe, showed the greatest risk of presenting with a positive questionnaire. The overall screening coverage was higher within the intervention arm (OR 17.7; 95% CI 16.2-19.5; P < .001). Only two HIV-positives were identified compared to one in control centres. The rate of HCV diagnoses was higher among intervention centres, with 37 versus seven positive tests (OR 5.2; 95% CI 2.3-11.6; P < .001). Of them, 10 were new diagnoses and 27 had been previously diagnosed, although not linked to care. In conclusion, a simple operational programme can lead to an increase in HCV and HIV screening rates, compared to an exclusively educational programme. The selection of at-risk patients with a self-questionnaire and the use of rapid tests significantly increased the diagnostic rate of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Polo
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alba Mesa
- Centro de Salud Avenida de Aragón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Ares
- Centro de Salud Mar Báltico, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Monreal E, Maza S SDL, Gullón P, Natera-Villalba E, Chico-García JL, Beltrán-Corbellini Á, Martínez-Sanz J, García-Barragán N, Buisán J, Toledano R, Alonso-Canovas A, Pérez-Torre P, Matute-Lozano MC, López-Sendón JL, García-Ribas G, Corral Í, Fortún J, Montero-Errasquín B, Manzano L, Máiz-Carro L, Costa-Frossard L, Masjuan J. Non-severe immunosuppression might be associated with a lower risk of moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: A pilot study. J Med Virol 2020; 93:2243-2251. [PMID: 33165922 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of immunosuppression among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has not been elucidated and management may be challenging. This observational study included confirmed COVID-19 patients. The primary endpoint was the development of moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Time to moderate-severe ARDS, the need for mechanical or noninvasive ventilation (MV/NIV), death, and a composite of death or MV/NIV were secondary endpoints. Of 138 patients included, 27 (19.6%) were immunosuppressed (IS) and 95 (68.8%) were male, with a median (IQR) age of 68 (54-78) years. A significantly lower proportion of IS patients (25.9%) compared to non-IS patients (52.3%) developed moderate-severe ARDS, in both unadjusted (0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.83; p = .017) and adjusted (aOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.80; p = .019) analyses. After stratifying by pathologies, only IS patients with autoimmune diseases remained significant (aOR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.98; p = .046). Nonsignificant trends toward a longer time to moderate or severe ARDS, a lower need for MV/NIV, and a lower risk of death or MV/NIV were detected among IS. In our cohort of COVID-19 patients, nonsevere immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of moderate-severe ARDS, especially among AD. This suggests a potential protective effect from a hypothesized hyper-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Monreal
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sainz de la Maza S
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Gullón
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Natera-Villalba
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Chico-García
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Beltrán-Corbellini
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Barragán
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Buisán
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledano
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Alonso-Canovas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Pérez-Torre
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Matute-Lozano
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis López-Sendón
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo García-Ribas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Corral
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Fortún
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Montero-Errasquín
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manzano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Máiz-Carro
- Department of Neumology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucienne Costa-Frossard
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Sanz J, Pérez-Molina JA, Moreno S, Zamora J, Serrano-Villar S. Understanding clinical decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional worldwide survey. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 27:100539. [PMID: 32923995 PMCID: PMC7480231 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of evidence-based recommendations for therapeutic decisions during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic creates a unique scenario of clinical decision making which is worth to analyze. We aim to identify the drivers of therapeutic aggressiveness during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional worldwide survey (conducted April 12 to 19, 2020) was aimed at physicians who managed patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Treatment preferences were collected in five different clinical scenarios. We used multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression to identify variables that were associated with the use of more aggressive therapies. FINDINGS The survey was completed by 852 physicians from 44 different specialties and 29 countries. The heterogeneity of therapeutic decisions increased as the clinical scenario worsened. Factors associated with aggressive therapeutic decisions were higher self-perceived expertise (high vs. null, OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.31-2.89), perceived quality of COVID-19 publications (high vs. null, OR 1.92, 95%CI 1.17-3.16), and female sex (OR 1.17, 95%CI 1.02-1.33). Conversely, Infectious Diseases specialty, Latin American and North American origin, lower confidence in the treatments chosen, and having published articles indexed in PubMed as the first-author were associated with the use of less aggressive therapies. INTERPRETATION Our study provides insight into the drivers of the decision-making process during a new and extreme health emergency. Different factors including the perceived expertise and quality of publications, gender, geographic origin, medical specialty and implication in medical research influenced this process. The clinical severity attenuated the physician's tolerance for uncertainty. FUNDING No funding was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - José A. Pérez-Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Barts and the London School for Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Sanz J, Muriel A, Ron R, Herrera S, Pérez-Molina JA, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. Effects of tocilizumab on mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:238-243. [PMID: 32979572 PMCID: PMC7510451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Tocilizumab has been proposed as a candidate therapy for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially among those with higher systemic inflammation. We investigated the association between receipt of tocilizumab and mortality in a large cohort of hospitalized patients. Methods In this cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain, the primary outcome was time to death and the secondary outcome time to intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. We used inverse probability weighting to fit marginal structural models adjusted for time-varying covariates to determine the causal relationship between receipt of tocilizumab and outcome. Results Data from 1229 patients were analysed, with 261 patients (61 deaths) in the tocilizumab group and 969 patients (120 deaths) in the control group. In the adjusted marginal structural models, a significant interaction between receipt of tocilizumab and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was detected. Tocilizumab was associated with decreased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.72, p 0.005) and ICU admission or death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.80, p 0.011) among patients with baseline CRP >150 mg/L but not among those with CRP ≤150 mg/L. Exploratory subgroup analyses yielded point estimates that were consistent with these findings. Conclusions In this large observational study, tocilizumab was associated with a lower risk of death or ICU admission or death in patients with higher CRP levels. While the results of ongoing clinical trials of tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19 will be important to establish its safety and efficacy, our findings have implications for the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Clinical Biostatistic Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Spain
| | - José A Pérez-Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Spain.
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Serrano-Villar S, Martínez-Sanz J, Ron R, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Fernández-Felix BM, Herrera S, Muriel A, Fanjul F, Portilla J, Muñoz J, Amador C, de Zárraga MA, Vivancos MJ, Moreno S. Effects of first-line antiretroviral therapy on the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 cell counts in CoRIS: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Lancet HIV 2020; 7:e565-e573. [PMID: 32763219 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(20)30202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low CD4/CD8 ratio during antiretroviral therapy (ART) identifies people with heightened immunosenescence and increased risk of mortality. We aimed to assess the effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based, protease inhibitor-based, or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line ART on long-term CD4/CD8 ratio recovery. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 13 026 individuals with HIV registered in the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) cohort recruited from 45 Spanish hospitals. We included HIV-positive people who started triple ART (two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTI] with a NNRTI, protease inhibitor, or INSTI) and had HIV RNA suppression within 48 weeks. We used piecewise linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders to compare longitudinal changes in the CD4/CD8 ratio between people receiving three different types of ART. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to compare the times to CD4/CD8 normalisation between the treatment groups, using cutoff ratios of 0·4, 1·0, and 1·5. FINDINGS 6804 individuals contributing 37 149 persons-years and 37 680 observations were analysed; median follow-up was 49 months (IQR 22-89). INSTI-based ART was associated with greater CD4/CD8 gain (change per year compared with INSTI was coefficient -0·07 [95% CI -0·08 to -0·06] for NNRTI and was -0·08 [-0·09 to -0·08] for protease inhibitors). Differences were observed from the first year of therapy and were driven by changes in both CD4 and CD8 cell counts. Subanalyses at different time periods suggested that these differences were driven by changes during the first year of ART without significant differences in the adjusted CD4/CD8 ratio trajectories after the second year of ART (change per year compared with INSTI was coefficient -0·03 [95% CI -0·05 to -0·13] for NNRTI and was -0·06 [95% CI -0·08 to -0·04] for protease inhibitors). Although no differences in the time until CD4/CD8 normalisation at a cutoff ratio of no less than 0·4 were reported between any of the groups, compared with the INSTI group, both the NNRTI and protease inhibitor groups showed lower rates of normalisation at cutoff ratios of 1·0 or more (adjusted hazard ratio 0·80 [95% CI 0·72-0·89] for the NNRTI group and 0·79 [0·69-0·89] for the protease inhibitor group), and 1·5 or more (0·79 [0·65-0·95] for the NNRTI group and 0·78 [0·64-0·97] for the protease inhibitor group). No differences were found between the different integrases in the time until CD4/CD8 normalisation. Subanalyses adjusted for the backbone NRTIs and allowing observations after virological failure yielded similar results. INTERPRETATION This study provides new evidence that reinforces the positioning of INSTI-based therapies as a first choice and underlines the importance of analysing the effects of therapeutic interventions on biomarkers linked with morbidity and mortality beyond the plasma HIV RNA and the CD4 cell counts. FUNDING Spanish AIDS Research Network (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), European Development Regional Fund "A way to achieve Europe".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
- Bioinformatic Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja M Fernández-Felix
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrird, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrird, Spain
| | - Francisco Fanjul
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Joaquín Portilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Josefa Muñoz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Concha Amador
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital de la Marina Baixa, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - María J Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Serrano-Villar S, Sanchez-Carrillo S, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Lelouvier B, Gutiérrez C, Vallejo A, Servant F, Bernadino JI, Estrada V, Madrid N, Gosalbes MJ, Bisbal O, de Lagarde M, Martínez-Sanz J, Ron R, Herrera S, Moreno S, Ferrer M. Blood Bacterial Profiles Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Immune Recovery. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:471-481. [PMID: 32601702 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impairs mucosal immunity and leads to bacterial translocation, fueling chronic inflammation and disease progression. While this is well established, questions remain about the compositional profile of the translocated bacteria, and to what extent it is influenced by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using 16S ribosomal DNA targeted sequencing and shotgun proteomics, we showed that HIV increases bacterial translocation from the gut to the blood. HIV increased alpha diversity in the blood, which was dominated by aerobic bacteria belonging to Micrococcaceae (Actinobacteria) and Pseudomonadaceae (Proteobacteria) families, and the number of circulating bacterial proteins was also increased. Forty-eight weeks of ART attenuated this phenomenon. We found that enrichment with Lactobacillales order, and depletion of Actinobacteria class and Moraxellaceae and Corynebacteriacae families, were significantly associated with greater immune recovery and correlated with several inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest that the molecular cross talk between the host and the translocated bacterial products could influence ART-mediated immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Gutiérrez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nadia Madrid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Area of Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Bisbal
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Gómez-Ayerbe C, Martínez-Sanz J, Muriel A, Pérez Elías P, Moreno A, Barea R, Polo L, Cano A, Uranga A, Santos C, Casado JL, Quereda C, Robledillo G, Díaz-de Santiago A, Vivancos MJ, Dronda F, Navas E, Moreno S, Pérez Elías MJ. Impact of a structured HIV testing program in a hospital emergency department and a primary care center. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220375. [PMID: 31369594 PMCID: PMC6675098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV testing guidelines are poorly implemented in most clinical settings. The best screening strategy and healthcare scenario are still unknown. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of a structured HIV testing intervention (DRIVE), compared to HIV testing as routinely performed in clinical practice, in two different clinical settings: a primary care center and an emergency department. Methods Prospective evaluation of an HIV testing strategy in two clinical settings from the same healthcare area. The DRIVE program included trained nurse practitioners to perform the screening, a questionnaire to assess the risk of exposure and HIV indicator conditions (RE&IC), and rapid HIV tests. The main variables between the DRIVE program and clinical practice were the absolute number of newly diagnosed HIV infections and testing coverage. Results The DRIVE program included 5,329 participants, of which 51.2% reported at least one positive answer in the questionnaire. The estimated HIV testing coverage was significantly higher in the DRIVE program than in the routine clinical practice (7.17% vs. 0.96%, p < 0.001), and was better in the primary care center than in the emergency department with the two strategies. Twenty-two HIV-positive people were identified, with a rate of 8.6‰ in the emergency department vs. 2.2‰ in the primary care center (p = 0.001). A higher rate of new HIV diagnoses was found in the DRIVE program compared to routine clinical practice (29.6 vs. 3.1 per 100,000 patients attended; p < 0.001). Conclusions An easy-to-implement, structured intervention increased the absolute number of new HIV diagnoses and HIV tests, compared to routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gómez-Ayerbe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain, CIBERESP, Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Polo
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Luis Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Quereda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Robledillo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Jesús Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Dronda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Navas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María Jesús Pérez Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Herrera S, Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S. HIV, Cancer, and the Microbiota: Common Pathways Influencing Different Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1466. [PMID: 31316514 PMCID: PMC6610485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection exerts profound and perhaps irreversible damage to the gut mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, resulting in long-lasting changes in the signals required for the coordination of commensal colonization and in perturbations at the compositional and functional level of the gut microbiota. These abnormalities in gut microbial communities appear to affect clinical outcomes, including T-cell recovery, vaccine responses, HIV transmission, cardiovascular disease, and cancer pathogenesis. For example, the microbial signature associated with HIV infection has been shown to induce tryptophan catabolism, affect the butyrate synthesis pathway, impair anti-tumoral immunity and affect oxidative stress, which have also been linked to the pathogenesis of cancer. Furthermore, some of the taxa that are depleted in subjects with HIV have proved to modulate the anti-tumor efficacy of various chemotherapies and immunotherapeutic agents. The aim of this work is to provide a broad overview of recent advances in our knowledge of how HIV might affect the microbiota, with a focus on the pathways shared with cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Sanz J, Rodríguez Albarrán J, Torralba M. Diagnóstico tardío de la infección por VIH: oportunidades perdidas. Med Clin (Barc) 2019; 152:466-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martínez-Sanz J, Gilaberte Reyzábal S, Salillas J, Lago Gómez MR, Rodríguez-Zurita ME, Torralba M. Respiratory syncytial virus infection among adults during influenza season: A frequently overlooked diagnosis. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1679-1683. [PMID: 30900745 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Our objective is to assess the characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in adult patients and to establish differences with influenza viruses. Fifty-four patients diagnosed with RSV and 198 with influenza were prospectively included. Compared with influenza, empirical antimicrobial therapy was more frequent in patients diagnosed with RSV, whereas antibiotic withdrawal at the time of diagnosis confirmation was lower (OR, 0.12; CI, 95% 0.01-0.90; P = 0.040). RSV-positive patients were more likely to need hospital readmission (OR, 3.00; CI, 95% 0.98-9.09; P = 0.053). The role of RSV infection in adults is often overlooked, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and a probable increase in nosocomial RSV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Juan Salillas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - María Rosa Lago Gómez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Torralba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
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Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy has completely changed the landscape of HIV infection through the control of viral replication of the virus, the restoration of the immune system damage, and the reduction of the complications associated with immunodeficiency. As a consequence, the average age of people living with HIV has been increasing progressively, with a high proportion of diagnosed, as well as newly diagnosed, HIV-infected patients being older than 50 years throughout the world. With the longer life expectancy, characteristics commonly observed in aging are occurring in people with long-term HIV infection, including multiple chronic diseases, changes in cognitive and physical abilities, and the use of multiple medications. HIV-related specific factors, as well as a higher prevalence of environmental, classical factors, increase the risk of comorbidities in the aging HIV-infected population. A close collaboration between different specialists (HIV specialists, geriatricians, primary care physicians, and other specialists) is required to manage the clinical problems that older HIV-infected patients may present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares University, Carretera de Colmenar, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares University, Carretera de Colmenar, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares University, Carretera de Colmenar, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Martínez-Sanz J, Lago-Gómez MR, Rodríguez-Zurita ME, Martín-Echevarría E, Torralba M. Epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and therapeutic differences in tuberculosis disease in patients with and without HIV infection. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 150:303-306. [PMID: 29173987 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Our objective is to analyze the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in our population and to compare the characteristics of patients with and without HIV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical-epidemiological retrospective cohort study that included patients diagnosed with TB with and without HIV infection between 2005-2016 in the province of Guadalajara (Spain). Epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and therapeutic variables were assessed, including microbiological resistances. RESULTS TB was diagnosed in 261 patients. There were 25 patients (9.6%) who had HIV infection. Patients with HIV infection were predominantly males, had higher incidence of hepatitis C virus, a higher percentage of extrapulmonary TB, a higher prevalence of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, a greater paradoxical response and a longer average hospital stay. On the other hand, they had a lower percentage of positive tuberculin skin test and positive sputum smear (microscopy). A significant percentage of TB patients had no serology for HIV. CONCLUSION Patients with HIV infection show remarkable differences in epidemiological, clinical and resistance variables to antituberculosis drugs. A high percentage of patients with TB were not tested for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España.
| | - María Rosa Lago-Gómez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
| | | | | | - Miguel Torralba
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
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