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Carson JJK, Coo H, Al Nuaimi M, Punnett A, Leifso K, Wheaton L. School Attendance Among Pediatric Oncology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:e164-e168. [PMID: 38277622 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Supporting schooling for current and past pediatric oncology patients is vital to their quality of life and psychosocial recovery. However, no study has examined the perspectives toward in-person schooling among pediatric oncology families during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this online survey study, we determined the rate of and attitudes toward in-person school attendance among current and past pediatric oncology patients living in Ontario, Canada during the 2020-2021 school year. Of our 31-family cohort, 23 children (74%) did attend and 8 (26%) did not attend any in-person school during this time. Fewer children within 2 years of treatment completion attended in-person school (5/8; 62%) than those more than 2 years from treatment completion (13/15; 87%). Notably, 22 of 29 parents (76%) felt that speaking to their care team had the greatest impact compared to other potential information sources when deciding about school participation, yet 13 (45%) were unaware of their physician's specific recommendation regarding whether their child should attend. This study highlights the range in parental comfort regarding permitting in-person schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatric oncologists should continue to address parental concerns around in-person school during times of high transmission of COVID-19 and potentially other communicable diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Coo
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Kingston
| | - Mohammed Al Nuaimi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Angela Punnett
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kirk Leifso
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Kingston
| | - Laura Wheaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Kingston
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2
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Stark A, Benjamin DK, Kajencki A, Mann K, Rodriguez N, Troan I, Hill L, Boutzoukas AE, Zimmerman KO. School Absenteeism as a Marker for Community COVID-19 Rates. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2023; 12:S9-S13. [PMID: 38146857 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported community transmission rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may not be accurate, particularly since at-home testing has become widely available. School absenteeism may serve as a marker of broader community COVID-19 transmission. METHODS We performed an observational study of North Carolina kindergarten through 12th grade schools participating in the ABC Science Collaborative that offered in-school instruction, and contributed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 data for at least 2 of 4 weeks monthly for the 2021-2022 academic year. Additionally, we analyzed publicly available databases including the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Data Repository, and National Center for Education Statistics. We described community and school COVID-19 infection rates compared with student monthly absenteeism rates to determine if the relationship between community COVID-19 infection rates and student absenteeism varied over time. RESULTS We included 500 192 students from 27 school districts. For the 2021-2022 academic year, the student and community COVID-19 infection rates did not show a significant difference (P > .05) across each month of comparison. Student absenteeism rates and community COVID-19 infection rates by month showed a similar trend across the academic year. For every 1% increase in community infection percentage, we found a 1.68% (1.12-2.25%) increase in absenteeism (P < .001); for every 1 month change in time, we found a 0.12% (0.01-0.24%) increase in absenteeism (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Student absenteeism and infection rates may be a useful marker of COVID-19 community infection rates when testing frequency and results reporting are inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel K Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Kajencki
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katelyn Mann
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Rodriguez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian Troan
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Larry Hill
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angelique E Boutzoukas
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kanecia O Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Kroshus E, Hawrilenko M, Tandon PS, Browning A, Steiner MK, Christakis DA. Structural Inequities in Self-compassion and Parental Burnout. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:1192-1203. [PMID: 37304655 PMCID: PMC10113733 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-023-02104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives When parenting-related stressors and coping resources are chronically imbalanced, there is risk of parental burnout, and consequent negative impact on parent and child wellbeing. The objective of this study was to determine the relations between structural and social determinants of health inequities, self-compassion (a theoretically indicated coping practice), and parental burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Participants were parents (n = 2324) with at least one child aged 4-17 in the household recruited from NORC's AmeriSpeak Panel (a probability-based panel providing coverage of 97% of the US household population). Parents completed an online or telephone questionnaire in English or Spanish in December 2020. Structural equation modeling was used to test a system of relations between income, race and ethnicity, parental burnout, and parent and child mental health. Indirect effects and moderation by self-compassion were also tested. Results On average, parents experienced symptoms of burnout several days per week. Symptoms were the most frequent among parents with the least income, as well as female-identified and Asian parents. More self-compassion was associated with less parental burnout, and fewer parent and child mental health difficulties. Black and Hispanic parents were more self-compassionate compared to white parents, helping to explain similar levels of parental burnout and relatively better mental health outcomes, despite comparatively more stressors. Conclusions Self-compassion is a potentially promising target for interventions aiming to address parental burnout; however, such efforts must not detract from critical structural changes to reduce parenting stressors, particularly those impacting parents experiencing systemic racism and other forms of socioeconomic disadvantage. Preregistration This study is not preregistered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-023-02104-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Matt Hawrilenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Pooja S. Tandon
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Anne Browning
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Mary Kathleen Steiner
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Dimitri A. Christakis
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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4
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McDonald B, Lester KJ, Michelson D. 'She didn't know how to go back': School attendance problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic-A multiple stakeholder qualitative study with parents and professionals. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 93:386-401. [PMID: 36345270 PMCID: PMC10099830 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in school closures worldwide and unexcused absences have increased since schools reopened. AIMS Drawing on multiple stakeholders' perspectives, we aimed to (i) develop a detailed understanding of how school attendance problems (SAPs) have manifested for primary school-aged children in the context of COVID-19; and (ii) identify promising community-based intervention strategies. METHODS We used a qualitative design with two sequential phases of data collection. Phase 1 involved insight generation using qualitative surveys with parents and professionals working in primary education settings. These results were used to guide in-depth stakeholder interviews in Phase 2. SAMPLE Phase 1 included 29 parents of primary-school children experiencing SAPs and 19 professionals. Phase 2 included 10 parents and 12 professionals. Parents were recruited through social media; professionals were identified through schools and associated networks in Southern England. RESULTS Attendance was particularly challenging for children with special educational needs and pre-existing anxiety problems. Compounding factors included COVID-related anxiety, difficulties adapting to new school routines, poor home-school communication and collaboration, and concerns about academic catch-up. Effective support was characterized by schools and families working closely together. Recommendations for practice improvements centred on early intervention, re-building parent-school relationships, peer support for parents, and improving special educational provision. CONCLUSION New interventions for SAPs must be sensitive to the ongoing COVID-19 context. Help should be easily accessible in the community and address modifiable risk and protective factors for individual children, in family systems, and at the home-school interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Michelson
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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Johnson AM, Knell G, Walker TJ, Kroshus E. Differences in American adolescent sport participation during the COVID-19 pandemic by learning mode: A national survey. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102151. [PMID: 36820265 PMCID: PMC9933460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relation between learning mode with sport participation and compare participation prevalence in different settings by learning mode among United States adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional, national survey was conducted by a market research company (December 2021-January 2022) among parents whose child participated in sports pre-pandemic. Parents were asked about their child's learning mode (in-person, online, hybrid); sports participation (yes/no) during the pandemic; and participation setting (school, community, club/elite). Weighted logistic regression models examined the relation between learning mode with sport participation. Weighted prevalence estimates of participation setting were compared by learning mode. Among youth included in the analysis (n = 500; Meanage = 14.0 years), 71.0% played sports during the pandemic. Learning mode was significantly associated with participating (versus not participating) among adolescents attending school online (aOR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04-0.18) and in a hybrid modality (aOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15-0.58) versus those attending in-person. Those attending school online (versus in-person or hybrid) had significantly lower participation prevalence in community, school, and club/elite sports. Findings may reflect parents opting out of in-person activities or schools canceling organized sport opportunities. To inform engagement strategies, research is needed to understand reasons for declined participation and extent to which participation resumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M. Johnson
- Work conducted while at the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Corresponding author at: 5499 Aztec Bowl, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Gregory Knell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA,Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas, TX, USA,Children’s Health Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Plano, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J. Walker
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Work conducted while at the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Jallul M, Elgriw N, Eltaib FI, Al Dwigen SM, Elfallah A, Elgheriani HM, Atwear WS, Milad MB, Alhudiri IM, Elzagheid A. Parents' concerns and attitudes towards school reopening during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey-Tripoli, Libya, 2021. Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2087847. [PMID: 35791596 PMCID: PMC9262368 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2022.2087847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of school reopening has raised several concerns; therefore, the parent’s opinion is essential to consider. This study aimed to evaluate the parent’s attitudes and concerns toward school reopening in the COVID-19 era. A cross-sectional survey was performed using in-person self-administered questionnaires, the data was collected in the period between January and April 2021 covering parents’ concerns and attitudes toward school reopening. A total of 402 parents participated in the survey. Analysis showed that 56.7% of parents have agreed with school reopening, but 54% have raised some legitimate concerns. Importantly, there was a strong correlation between parents’ opinions towards school reopening and their level of education, and their concerns about their children’s safety if the school was reopened. Despite parents’ concerns, it does seem that slightly over half were in favour of school reopening and would send their children to school only if the schools did apply strict precautions and restriction measures. Sharing parents’ views toward school reopening with school leaders and decision-makers is important to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of return to schools and to improve existing prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwada Jallul
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Nada Elgriw
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Farag I Eltaib
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Samira M Al Dwigen
- Department of Cell Biology, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Asma Elfallah
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hajer M Elgheriani
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Wafeya S Atwear
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed Burid Milad
- Department of Cell Biology, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Inas M Alhudiri
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Adam Elzagheid
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Libyan Centre for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli, Libya
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7
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Amin-Chowdhury Z, Bertran M, Kall M, Ireland G, Aiano F, Powell A, Jones SE, Brent AJ, Brent BE, Baawuah F, Okike I, Beckmann J, Garstang J, Ahmad S, Sundaram N, Bonell C, Langan SM, Hargreaves J, Ladhani SN. Parents' and teachers' attitudes to and experiences of the implementation of COVID-19 preventive measures in primary and secondary schools following reopening of schools in autumn 2020: a descriptive cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052171. [PMID: 36171032 PMCID: PMC9527746 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess implementation and ease of implementation of control measures in schools as reported by staff and parents. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey. SETTING Staff and parents/guardians of the 132 primary schools and 19 secondary schools participating in COVID-19 surveillance in school kids (sKIDs and sKIDsPLUS Studies). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence of control measures implemented in schools in autumn 2020, parental and staff perception of ease of implementation. RESULTS In total, 56 of 151 (37%) schools participated in this study, with 1953 parents and 986 staff members completing the questionnaire. Most common measures implemented by schools included regular hand cleaning for students (52 of 56, 93%) and staff (70 of 73, 96%), as reported by parents and staff, respectively, and was among the easiest to implement at all times for students (57%) and even more so, for staff (78%). Maintaining 2-metre distancing was less commonly reported for students (24%-51%) as it was for staff (81%-84%), but was one of the most difficult to follow at all times for students (25%) and staff (16%) alike. Some measures were more commonly reported by primary school compared to secondary school parents, including keeping students within the same small groups (28 of 41, 68% vs 8 of 15, 53%), ensuring the same teacher for classes (29 of 41, 71% vs 6 of 15, 40%). On the other hand, wearing a face covering while at school was reported by three-quarters of secondary school parents compared with only parents of 4 of 41 (10%) primary schools. Other measures such as student temperature checks (5%-13%) and advising staff work from home if otherwise healthy (7%-15%) were rarely reported. CONCLUSIONS Variable implementation of infection control measures was reported, with some easier to implement (hand hygiene) than others (physical distancing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahin Amin-Chowdhury
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Marta Bertran
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Meaghan Kall
- COVID-19 National Epidemiology Cell, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Georgina Ireland
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Felicity Aiano
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Annabel Powell
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Brent
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Bernadette E Brent
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Frances Baawuah
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Ifeanychukwu Okike
- Derbyshire Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Joanne Beckmann
- Specialist Children & Young People's Services, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joanna Garstang
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Allens Croft Children's Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shazaad Ahmad
- Department of Virology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neisha Sundaram
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sinéad M Langan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James Hargreaves
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shamez N Ladhani
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's University of London, London, UK
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8
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Anxiety and depression symptoms among children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 75:53-56. [PMID: 36115626 PMCID: PMC9473137 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions to children's daily lives due in part to stay-at-home orders and school closures, reducing interactions with both peers and extended family. Yet, few studies with nationally representative data have explored the potential association of the COVID-19 pandemic and children's mental health. METHODS The current study analyzed data from the 2019 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to describe changes in the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression before and during the first year of the pandemic among children aged 5-17 years. Changes in prevalence by child- and family-level characteristics were also examined. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly one in six children aged 5-17 years had daily or weekly symptoms of anxiety or depression, a significant increase from before the COVID-pandemic (16.7% (95% CI:15.0-18.6) versus 14.4% (95% CI:13.4-15.3)). Males, children 5-11 years, non-Hispanic children, children living in families in large metropolitan areas, incomes at or below the federal poverty level, and whose highest educated parent had more than a HS education, also showed statistically significant increases in anxiety and depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS NHIS data may be used to monitor this increase in mental health symptomatology and assist in identifying children at risk.
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9
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In-Person Schooling Amidst Children’s COVID-19 Vaccination: Exploring Parental Perceptions Just after Omicron Variant Announcement. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050768. [PMID: 35632524 PMCID: PMC9147905 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spread fast globally and became the predominant variant in many countries. Resumption of public regular life activities, including in-person schooling, presented parents with new sources of worry. Thus, it is important to study parental worry about the Omicron variant, willingness to vaccinate their children, and knowledge about school-based COVID-19 precautionary measures. Methods: A national, cross-sectional, pilot-validated online questionnaire targeting parents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was distributed between 31 December 2021, and 7 January 2022. The survey included sociodemographic, COVID-19 infection data, parental and children vaccination status, attitudes towards booster vaccine, parents’ Omicron-related perceptions and worries, and attitude towards in-person schooling. Results: A total of 1340 participants completed the survey, most (65.3%) of whom were mothers. Of the parents, 96.3% either received two or three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Only 32.1% of the parents were willing to vaccinate their young children (5–11 years of age). In relation to their children 12–18 years of age, 48% had already had them vaccinated, 31% were planning to vaccinate them, and 42.8% were willing to administer a booster dose. Only 16% were more worried about the Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant. Residents of western KSA were more worried about Omicron compared to Delta. Parents worried about the Omicron variant and male participants were significantly less aware of school-based COVID-19 precautionary measures. Parents with post-graduate degrees and those having more children were significantly more inclined to send their children to school even if COVID-19 outbreaks could occur in schools, while parents who were more worried about the Omicron variant and were more committed to infection prevention measures were significantly less inclined to do so. Conclusions: Overall, parents had lower worry levels about the Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant. They had a higher willingness to vaccinate their older children compared to the younger ones. In addition, our cohort of parents showed high willingness to send their children to schools and trusted the school-based preventative measures. These findings can inform policy makers when considering school related decisions during the current or future public health crises.
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10
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Pudjiadi AH, Putri ND, Sjakti HA, Yanuarso PB, Gunardi H, Roeslani RD, Pasaribu AD, Nurmalia LD, Sambo CM, Habibah L, Utami INA, Prawira Y, Kaswandani N, Alam A, Kadafi KT, Hanafi G, Tjahjadi AK, Aprianti SC, Salma NM, Wijaya S, Alatas FS, Pulungan AB. Parents' Perspectives Toward School Reopening During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia-A National Survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:757328. [PMID: 35444978 PMCID: PMC9014259 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.757328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All sectors are affected due to COVID-19 pandemic occurring worldwide, including the education industry. School closure had been taking place for more than a year in Indonesia. Despite the controversies, Indonesian government had decided to begin school reopening. Objectives This study aims to assess parental readiness for school reopening, and factors affecting parental attitude toward school reopening. Methods A cross-sectional study using online questionnaire distributed via official Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) official social media account collected between March and April 2021. The questionnaire contained the general characteristics of study participants, parents' knowledge, and perspectives on COVID-19, and health protocols for school reopening. Results A total of 17,562 responses were collected, of which 55.7% parents were ready to send their children to school should school reopens. Factors significantly contribute to parental decision to keep their child at home were: presence of vulnerable population at home [OR = 1.18 (1.10–1.27), p < 0.001], children with comorbidities [OR = 2.56 (2.29–2.87), p < 0.001], perception of COVID-19 as a dangerous disease [OR = 28.87 (14.29–58.33), p < 0.001], experience with COVID-19 positive cases in the community [OR = 1.75 (1.61–1.90), p < 0.001], COVID-19 related death in the community [OR = 2.05 (1.90–2.21), P < 0.001], approval for adult COVID-19 vaccination [OR = 1.69 (1.53–1.87), p < 0.001], and ownership of private transportation [OR = 1.46 (1.30–1.66), p <0.001]. Conclusion We identified several factors affecting parental perception on school reopening during COVID-19 pandemic that should be addressed. This study can be used for policy-maker to make further recommendations and health educations prior to school reopening in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Hocky Pudjiadi
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nina Dwi Putri
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hikari Ambara Sjakti
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Piprim Basarah Yanuarso
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hartono Gunardi
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rosalina Dewi Roeslani
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yogi Prawira
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Kaswandani
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Alam
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Kurniawan Taufiq Kadafi
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Gryselda Hanafi
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Angela Kimberly Tjahjadi
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shindy Claudya Aprianti
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Maudy Salma
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephanie Wijaya
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fatima Safira Alatas
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aman Bhakti Pulungan
- Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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11
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March CA, Siminerio LM, Muzumdar RH, Libman IM. Implications of the School Day on Health Behaviors for Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Survey of Parent Perspectives During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2021; 47:447-456. [PMID: 34935539 DOI: 10.1177/26350106211051298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to survey parents of youth with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic with school closures to better understand the implications of the school day on health care behaviors. METHODS A cross-sectional, online survey was distributed to parents of youth with type 1 diabetes ≤19 years of age in a large, academic diabetes center. Questions encompassed perceived changes in management behaviors and plans for return to school. Subgroup analysis compared parent responses by child's age, reported stressors, and socioeconomic markers. RESULTS Parents reported a worsening in their child's diabetes health behaviors during school closures compared to what they perceived during a regular school day before the pandemic. More than half of parents reported feeling that their child was unable to maintain a normal routine, with particular implications for snacking between meals, daily physical activity, and sleep habits. Families with adolescents or those experiencing multiple pandemic-related stressors reported greater challenges. In open-ended responses, families highlighted difficulty in balancing school, work, and diabetes care and expressed concerns about the mental health repercussions of school closures for their children. Nearly half of parents reported being at least moderately worried about return to school, whereas only a minority reported seeking guidance from their diabetes provider. CONCLUSIONS Parent-reported disruptions of school-day routines frequently had adverse consequences for diabetes management in this population. These findings highlight the importance of a school-day routine for children with type 1 diabetes; during closures, families may benefit from mitigating strategies to maintain effective habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A March
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Linda M Siminerio
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ingrid M Libman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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12
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Radey M, Langenderfer‐Magruder L, Brown Speights J. "I don't have much of a choice": Low-income single mothers' COVID-19 school and care decisions. FAMILY RELATIONS 2021; 70:1312-1326. [PMID: 34898784 PMCID: PMC8653228 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used a preferences and constraints framework to understand mothers' decision-making processes around childcare and schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic and how socioeconomic context contribute to these decisions. BACKGROUND Despite potential long-standing consequences of school decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic, we know little about how parents consider childcare and education options during these times. And, these decisions are particularly important for single mothers in resource-scarce environments whose children benefit disproportionately from appropriate care and education. METHOD This study used qualitative data gathered from semistructured interviews with low-income, single mothers (N = 34). RESULTS Approximately half of mothers selected home-based care while the other half selected site-based care. Findings suggest that mothers made decisions largely on the basis of constraints-safety or financial need. Given high levels of fear and system mistrust, Black mothers more commonly selected home-based care than White mothers. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic seems to exacerbate the restricted childcare calculus of low-income mothers. IMPLICATIONS Partnering with communities and disseminating accurate information, particularly in Black communities, is critical for establishing trust and positioning low-income single mothers to make current care and education decisions, as well as future decisions, such as vaccination decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Radey
- College of Social WorkFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
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13
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Collier Villaume S, Stephens JE, Nwafor EE, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Adam EK. High Parental Education Protects Against Changes in Adolescent Stress and Mood Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:549-556. [PMID: 34420820 PMCID: PMC8415889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has brought dramatic changes to the daily lives of U.S. adolescents, including isolation from friends and extended family, transition to remote learning, potential illness and death of loved ones, and economic distress. This study's purpose is to measure changes in adolescents' perceived stress and mood early in the pandemic. METHODS The present study drew from a racially and ethnically diverse sample of high school student participants in an ongoing intervention study in the Midwestern U.S., 128 of whom provided reports of their daily stress and mood both before (December 2017 to March 2020) and during (March-July 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. We expected to see increases in perceived stress, declines in positive mood states, and increases in negative mood states, with larger impacts on individuals from households with lower parental education levels. RESULTS Multilevel models revealed increases in perceived stress primarily for adolescents from low/moderate education families during the pandemic. Impacts on mood states also diverged by education: adolescents from low/moderate education households reported feeling more ashamed, caring, and excited than before the pandemic, changes that were not shared by their peers from high education households. Although changes in mood that arose with the onset of the pandemic became less pronounced over time, increased levels of home- and health-related stress stayed high for low/moderate education adolescents. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 period, we observed disparate impacts on adolescents according to household education level, with more dramatic and negative changes in the emotional well-being of adolescents from low/moderate education households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Collier Villaume
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| | | | - Ednah E. Nwafor
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | - Emma K. Adam
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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14
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Hawrilenko M, Kroshus E, Tandon P, Christakis D. The Association Between School Closures and Child Mental Health During COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2124092. [PMID: 34477850 PMCID: PMC8417763 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In-person schooling has been disrupted for most school-aged youth during the COVID-19 pandemic, with low-income, Black, and Hispanic populations most likely to receive fully remote instruction. Disruptions to in-person schooling may have negatively and inequitably affected children's mental health. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between school closures and child mental health outcomes and how it varies across sociodemographic factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional population-based survey study included a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 18 to 64 years with at least 1 child in the household. The survey was administered between December 2 and December 21, 2020, via web and telephone in English and Spanish. Participants were recruited from the NORC AmeriSpeak panel, an address-based panel with known probability sampling and coverage of 97% of US households. EXPOSURES Schooling modality (in person, fully remote, or hybrid), household income, age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child mental health difficulties were measured with the parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, with small, medium, and large effect sizes defined as 1.3-, 3.3-, and 5.2-point differences, respectively. RESULTS A total of 2324 adults completed the survey. Overall, 1671 respondents (71.9%) were women, 244 (10.5%) were Black, 372 (16.0%) were Hispanic, and 421 (18.1%) had a high school education or less. Children attending school in-person had higher household incomes (mean difference, $9719; 95% CI, $4327 to $15 111; P < .001) and were more likely to be White compared with those attending remotely (366 of 556 [65.8%] vs 597 of 1340 [44.5%]; P < .001). Older children in remote schooling had more mental health difficulties than those attending in-person schooling (standardized effect size, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.39] per year older; P = .006), corresponding to small effect sizes in favor of in-person schooling for older children and very small effect sizes favoring remote schooling for younger children. Children from families with higher income benefitted more from attending schools in-person compared with their peers from families with lower income (B = -0.20 [95% CI, -0.10 to -0.30] per $10 000-increase in annual income; P < .001), although this advantage was not apparent for children attending hybrid school (B = -0.05 [95% CI, -0.16 to 0.06] per $10 000-increase in annual income; P = .34), and directionally lower but not significantly different for children attending remote school (B = -0.12 [95% CI, -0.04 to -0.20] per $10 000-increase in annual income; P < .001). Learning pods fully buffered the associations of hybrid schooling (d = -0.25; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.04) but not remote schooling (d = 0.04; 95% CI, -0.10 to 0.18) with negative mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study suggest that older and Black and Hispanic children as well as those from families with lower income who attend school remotely may experience greater impairment to mental health than their younger, White, and higher-income counterparts. Ensuring that all students have access to additional educational and mental health resources must be an important public health priority, met with appropriate funding and workforce augmentation, during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Hawrilenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Pooja Tandon
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Dimitri Christakis
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
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15
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Pfefferbaum B. Challenges for Child Mental Health Raised by School Closure and Home Confinement During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:65. [PMID: 34398310 PMCID: PMC8366164 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The closure of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted the education of children worldwide. This paper reviews the psychological effects of this action on children and the impact on school-based services. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging epidemiologic findings have generated an intense debate about the need for, and potential benefit of, school closure in the context of COVID-19. International research reveals reactions in children that are not typically considered in the disaster literature as well as those that arise in other disasters. School closure also has curtailed the delivery of mental health services commonly offered in schools. The debate about school closure will likely persist depending on local disease conditions and school readiness. Moreover, school closure is a possibility in future epidemics and pandemics and other disasters. The benefit of school closure must be balanced against the risk to children's education and psychosocial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, George Lynn Cross Research Professor Emeritus, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, USA.
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16
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Alonzi S, Park JE, Pagán A, Saulsman C, Silverstein MW. An Examination of COVID-19-Related Stressors among Parents. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:838-848. [PMID: 34563074 PMCID: PMC8544229 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic have taken a psychological toll on parents. Thus, understanding the impact of these contextual stressors on parents is important to help inform the development of family-based health promotion interventions. The present study examined parents' perception of various sources of stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 294) completed an open-ended question about their primary source of stress during the pandemic, which we coded into one or more of the following categories: family, work, health, and finance. We used chi-square tests to determine whether gender, marital status, financial strain, and education level were significantly related to each of the four primary sources of stress. We found that female, married, and financially strained participants were more likely to report family-related stressors. Further, we found that participants who expressed concern over health-related stressors were more likely to have pre-existing health conditions. Finally, we found that single participants were more likely to express concerns over financial stressors. Our findings shed light on parental concerns following the pandemic and inform new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues at the individual, community, and societal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alonzi
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Jae eun Park
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Angélica Pagán
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Courtney Saulsman
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Madison W. Silverstein
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.W.S.)
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17
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Nathwani G, Shoaib A, Shafi A, Furukawa TA, Huy NT. Impact of COVID-2019 on school attendance problems. J Glob Health 2021; 11:03084. [PMID: 34386209 PMCID: PMC8325878 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Nathwani
- American University of Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Adeel Shoaib
- American University of Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Alliya Shafi
- American University of Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
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18
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Tan W. School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26709. [PMID: 34397701 PMCID: PMC8322504 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread wildly across the world. In March of 2020, almost all kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) schools were closed in the United States in an urgent attempt to curb the pandemic in the absence of effective therapeutics or vaccination. Thirteen months since then, schools remain partially closed. Accumulated evidence suggests that children and adolescents are not the primary facilitators of transmission, limiting the restrictive effects of school closures on disease transmission. The negative effects of school closures on K-12 students need to be systematically reviewed. METHODS Following the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes, a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science regarding school closures and its impact on K-12 students was conducted. The primary outcomes included the impact of school closures on the mitigation of the pandemic and the resulting public health concerns of K-12 students. RESULTS Prolonged school closures possessed negative effects on K-12 students' physical, mental, and social well-being and reduced the number of health and social workers, hindering the reopening of the country. CONCLUSIONS School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. A safe reopening of all K-12 schools in the United States should be of top priority.
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19
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Deb A, Abdelmalek J, Iwuji K, Nugent K. Acute Myocardial Injury Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Review of Current Evidence from Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System Database. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211029230. [PMID: 34219532 PMCID: PMC8255555 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211029230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination related adverse events is an evolving field. Here we present a case of acute myocardial injury that developed as a result of an acute immune response following the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination (Moderna) in a 67-year-old man who presented in acute congestive heart failure. His clinical course improved over 3 days. Review of the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites identified 37 vaccine recipients who developed myocarditis as an adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination. With the mass expansion of COVID-19 vaccine administration, physicians need to be vigilant about the possibility of new adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasua Deb
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John Abdelmalek
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Iwuji
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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20
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Mickells GE, Figueroa J, West KW, Wood A, McElhanon BO. Adherence to Masking Requirement During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Early Elementary School Children. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:555-561. [PMID: 33997986 PMCID: PMC8206918 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Top public health experts and organizations strongly recommend universal masking for children older than 2 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic, but speculate it may be difficult for young children. This study sought to assess the usage of cloth face masks in grades pre-K-2 and identify associated characteristics and adverse events. It is the first data to assess mask wearing by young children in school. METHODS This online, prospective, observational, survey in multiple schools within a single school district in a major metropolitan area measured adherence to face covering mandates by students in grades pre-K-2 as measured by percentage of day with appropriate face mask wearing per report via daily teacher surveys for the first 4 weeks of school. RESULTS The primary outcome was percent of the day that the entire class was wearing their masks appropriately. Of the estimated almost 1000 students and 1048 classroom days reported, the mean percentage of the school day with appropriate mask usage was 76.9%. CONCLUSIONS For a majority of the day while conducting in-person instruction, children in grades pre-K-2 are able to adhere to mask wearing as a key mitigation strategy for limiting SARS-CoV2 infection spread and possible future use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Figueroa
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine2015 Upper Gate RoadAtlantaGA30322
| | - Kelly Withers West
- North Atlanta Pediatric Associates, The Pavilion at Lake HearnSuite 100, 1100 Lake Hearn DriveAtlantaGA30342
| | - Anna Wood
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine2015 Upper Gate RoadAtlantaGA30322
| | - Barbara O. McElhanon
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta1400 Tullie Rd., Office 8327BAtlantaGA30329
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21
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Shendell DG, Aggarwal J, Campbell MLF, Gonzalez LN, Kaplun E, Koshy K, Mackie TI. Fall 2020 COVID-19 Needs Assessment among New Jersey Secondary School Educational Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4083. [PMID: 33924392 PMCID: PMC8070613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary or high school (HS) educational professionals expressed concerns about dealing with environmental and occupational health and safety protocols due to COVID-19. Concerns related to fall 2020 school re-opening and getting back into in-person teaching-whether full-time, part-time or some other approved hybrid model-plus ongoing uncertainty with how the state and federal government will be handling matters about mandates for virtual learning, rapid testing, vaccine distribution, etc. These concerns were related to both their experience as educational professionals and genuine interest in personal and student well-being. This study was a cross-sectional online survey in early fall from mid-September-early October 2020. Of a possible maximum participation of 740 New Jersey (NJ) supervisory-level HS teachers and administrators (e.g., department chairs, district and school principals), 100 confirmed unique respondents (13.5%) consented and completed the survey. Of 100 experienced (mean 18 years teaching) participants, 70% responded to the gender identity question (overall, 61% female, 39% male; by NJ region, gender ratios were similar). There were statistically significant differences (using Fischer's exact test) between NJ regions regarding provision of online counseling and support services for teachers (p < 0.001); for resources and equipment for teachers to mediate online learning (p = 0.02); for assistive video technology tools (p = 0.03) and accessibility to structured online learning and professional development (p = 0.002); concerning learning aids to engage students in online instruction, online counseling, and support services for students and their families (p = 0.006); appropriate protocol is clean and disinfect areas used by a person with COVID-19 (p = 0.002); and, immediately separate staff and students who screen positive for COVID-19 (p = 0.03). There were few statistical differences by gender. This study reported what participants wanted regarding the development of future policies then implemented as reopening practices. Data can inform recommendations in NJ and elsewhere at federal, state, and local levels. Data provide new insights and valuable information to inform the consideration of acceptability of various policy measures among HS education professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G. Shendell
- Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.F.C.); (L.N.G.); (E.K.)
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health & Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Juhi Aggarwal
- Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.F.C.); (L.N.G.); (E.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Maryanne L. F. Campbell
- Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.F.C.); (L.N.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Lauren N. Gonzalez
- Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.F.C.); (L.N.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Kaplun
- Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.A.); (M.L.F.C.); (L.N.G.); (E.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Koshy Koshy
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health & Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Center for Public Health Workforce Development, Rutgers SPH, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Thomas I. Mackie
- Department of Health Behavior, Society & Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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22
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School Attendance, Asthma Risk, and COVID-19 in Children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2145-2150. [PMID: 33744475 PMCID: PMC8770849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the face of tremendous uncertainty during the current pandemic, there is a need for clear and consistent recommendations and an understanding of the evidence in general, and for families of children with allergic conditions. A common concern of parents of children with asthma is the risk that in-person learning poses during the pandemic. This Rostrum examines the actual risk of in-person learning among children with asthma during novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the discrepancy between perceived and actual risk, the contributing factors to this discrepancy, and possible solutions to narrow this divide. Overall, the evidence does not support that children with asthma are at an increased risk of COVID-19 morbidity or mortality compared with children without asthma. Asthma medications do not appear to contribute to incidence or severity of COVID-19 disease. However, there is a high perceived risk of in-person learning that is partially related to how it is portrayed in the media. There is little guidance regarding transitioning asthmatic children back to school and how to properly counsel on mediation of risk. There are differences regionally and locally around school reopening, exemptions, and their implementation. To narrow the divide between perceived and actual risk, clear consistent and ongoing communication will be necessary.
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23
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Kearney CA, Childs J. A multi-tiered systems of support blueprint for re-opening schools following COVID-19 shutdown. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 122:105919. [PMID: 36540197 PMCID: PMC9756038 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic will create enormous disruptions for youth and families with respect to economic and health status, social relationships, and education for years to come. The process of closing and intermittently reopening schools adds to this disruption and creates confusion for parents and school officials who must balance student educational progress with health and safety concerns. One framework that may serve as a roadmap in this regard is a multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) model. This article briefly addresses four main domains of functioning (adjustment, traumatic stress, academic status, health and safety) across three tiers of support (universal, targeted, intensive). Each section draws on existing literature bases to provide specific recommendations for school officials who must address various and changing logistical, academic, and health-based challenges. The recommendations are designed to be flexible given fluctuations in the current crisis as well as focused on maximum-value targets. An MTSS approach adapted for contemporary circumstances can also be used to help address longstanding disparities that have been laid bare by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Childs
- University of Texas at Austin, Educational Leadership and Policy Department, Austin, TX, USA
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Dimka J, Sattenspiel L. "We didn't get much schooling because we were fishing all the time": Potential impacts of irregular school attendance on the spread of epidemics. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23578. [PMID: 33599037 PMCID: PMC7995059 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Especially in traditional, rural, and low‐income areas, children attend school irregularly. School‐based interventions are common mitigation strategies for infectious disease epidemics, but if daily attendance is not the norm, the impact of schools on disease spread might be overestimated. Methods We use an agent‐based model of an early 20th century Newfoundland community to compare epidemic size and duration in three scenarios: (1) all school‐aged children attend school each weekday, (2) students aged 10–15 have a chance of engaging in adult activities each day, and (3) students aged 10–15 have a chance of being reassigned to adult roles at the start of each simulation and thus never attend school. Results As the probability of not attending school increases, epidemics become smaller and peak earlier. The change in final size is larger with permanent reassignment (35% at baseline, 18% at maximum reassignment) than with daily nonattendance (35% vs. 22%). For both scenarios, the peak occurs 3 days earlier with maximum absence compared to the baseline. Benefits extend beyond the reassigned agents, as all school‐aged agents are more likely to escape infection with increasing reassignment, and on average, 3–6 additional agents (2.6%–5.3%) escape infection compared to the baseline. Conclusions This study demonstrates that absenteeism can have important impacts on epidemic outcomes. Thus, socioeconomic and other reasons for nonattendance of school, as well as how rates vary in different contexts, must be considered in models predicting epidemic outcomes or evaluating public health interventions in the face of major pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dimka
- Work Research Institute, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Sattenspiel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Chua KP, DeJonckheere M, Reeves SL, Tribble AC, Prosser LA. Factors Associated With School Attendance Plans and Support for COVID-19 Risk Mitigation Measures Among Parents and Guardians. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:684-693. [PMID: 33249257 PMCID: PMC8106633 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which factors are associated with plans for in-person school attendance during the 2020-2021 school year and with support for 15 school-based COVID-19 risk mitigation measures among parents and guardians. METHODS In June 2020, we conducted an online survey of parents and guardians of public school children in Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio. In a child-level analysis, we used linear regression to assess which demographic factors, health-related concerns, and parent/guardian views were associated with plans for in-person school attendance. In a respondent-level analysis, we used linear regression to assess factors associated with the number of risk mitigation measures supported. RESULTS Among 2202 children in the child-level analysis, in-person school attendance was planned for 71.0%. Such plans were less likely among children of Black respondents (-14.1 percentage points, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -25.7, -2.6) and Asian respondents (-16.8, 95% CI: -31.3, -2.2), and among children with perceived high-risk health conditions (-9.7, 95% CI: -15.8, -3.6). Among 1,126 respondents in the respondent-level analysis, the mean number of measures supported was 8.0 (SD 4.4). Several factors were associated with support, but the magnitude of associations was generally modest. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, families of children with health conditions or who are of Black or Asian race/ethnicity may be less likely to opt for in-person learning. For these families, addressing barriers to remote education is critical. As schools plan for the 2020-2021 school year and beyond, they should respond to the desire among parents and guardians to implement substantial numbers of risk mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Ping Chua
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School (KPC, SLR, LAP), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health (KPC, LAP), Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Melissa DeJonckheere
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sarah L. Reeves
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alison C. Tribble
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lisa A. Prosser
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Gilbert LK, Strine TW, Szucs LE, Crawford TN, Parks SE, Barradas DT, Njai R, Ko JY. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Parental Attitudes and Concerns About School Reopening During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, July 2020. MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2020; 69:1848-1852. [PMID: 33301437 PMCID: PMC7737683 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6949a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In light of the disproportionate risk of hospitalization and death attributable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among racial and ethnic minority groups, parental attitudes and concerns regarding school reopening were assessed by race and ethnicity using data from three online CARAVAN omnibus surveys conducted during July 8-12, 2020, by ENGINE Insights.* Survey participants included 858 parents who had children and adolescents in kindergarten through grade 12 (school-aged children) living in their household. Overall, 56.5% of parents strongly or somewhat agreed that school should reopen this fall, with some differences by race/ethnicity: compared with 62.3% of non-Hispanic White (White) parents, 46.0% of non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) parents (p = 0.007) and 50.2% of Hispanic parents (p = 0.014) agreed that school should reopen this fall. Fewer White parents (62.5%) than Hispanic (79.5%, p = 0.026) and non-Hispanic parents of other racial/ethnic groups (66.9%, p = 0.041) were supportive of a mask mandate for students and staff members. Understanding parental attitudes and concerns is critical to informing communication and messaging around COVID-19 mitigation. Families' concerns also highlight the need for flexible education plans and equitable resource provision so that youth education is not compromised.
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Lo Moro G, Sinigaglia T, Bert F, Savatteri A, Gualano MR, Siliquini R. Reopening Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Overview and Rapid Systematic Review of Guidelines and Recommendations on Preventive Measures and the Management of Cases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8839. [PMID: 33261208 PMCID: PMC7731329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the limited evidence of school closure effectiveness in containing the pandemic and the consequences for young people, reopening schools with appropriate measures is essential. This overview aimed to describe the main measures planned for the 2020-2021 academic year within the WHO European Region. A rapid systematic review of scientific databases was also performed. The websites of the government, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Education of European Region countries were searched through 1 October for official documents about the prevention and management of suspected cases/confirmed cases in primary and secondary schools. To find further suggestions, a rapid systematic review was conducted through 20 October searching Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase. There were 23 official documents. France, Luxembourg, Malta, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, the UK, Spain, and San Marino were considered. Performing the rapid review, 855 records were identified and 7 papers were finally selected. The recommendations mostly agreed. However, there was no consensus on the criteria for the return to school of students that tested positive, and the flexibility between attendance at school and remote education for high-risk children often varied. School closure was commonly considered as the very last resort for COVID-19 control. Studies are required to evaluate the impact of different recommendations during this autumn term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Lo Moro
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.L.M.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Tiziana Sinigaglia
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.L.M.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Bert
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.L.M.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.S.)
- AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Armando Savatteri
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.L.M.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Gualano
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.L.M.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberta Siliquini
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.L.M.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.S.)
- AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Asmundson GJ, Blackstock C, Bourque MC, Brimacombe G, Crawford A, Deacon SH, McMullen K, McGrath PJ, Mushquash C, Stewart SH, Stinson J, Taylor S, Campbell-Yeo M. Easing the disruption of COVID-19: supporting the mental health of the people of Canada—October 2020—an RSC Policy Briefing. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of the people of Canada. Most have found it challenging to cope with social distancing, isolation, anxiety about infection, financial security and the future, and balancing demands of work and home life. For some, especially those who have had to face pre-existing challenges such as structural racism, poverty, and discrimination and those with prior mental health problems, the pandemic has been a major impact. The Policy Briefing Report focuses on the current situation, how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated significant long-standing weaknesses in the mental health system and makes specific recommendations to meet these challenges to improve the well-being of the people of Canada. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental effect on mental health of people in Canada but the impact has been variable, impacting those facing pre-existing structural inequities hardest. Those living in poverty, and in some socially stratified groups facing greater economic and social disadvantage, such as some racialized and some Indigenous groups and those with preexisting mental health problems, have suffered the most. Some occupational groups have been more exposed to the virus and to psychological stress with the pandemic. The mental health care system was already overextended and under resourced. The pandemic has exacerbated the problems. The care system responded by a massive move to virtual care. The future challenge is for Canada to strengthen our knowledge base in mental health, to learn from the pandemic, and to provide all in Canada the support they need to fully participate in and contribute to Canada’s recovery from the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Blackstock
- First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Claire Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn Brimacombe
- Policy and Public Affairs, Canadian Psychological Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Allison Crawford
- Virtual Mental Health and Outreach, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Hélène Deacon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ken McMullen
- Emergency Services, The City of Red Deer, Red Deer, AB, Canada
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Chair of the Working Group, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christopher Mushquash
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marsha Campbell-Yeo
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University and IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
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