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Magliulo D, Bernardi R. Hypoxic stress and hypoxia-inducible factors in leukemias. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973978. [PMID: 36059690 PMCID: PMC9435438 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with hypoxic stress, ancient organisms have developed evolutionally conserved programs centered on hypoxia-inducible transcriptional factors (HIFs). HIFs and their regulatory proteins have evolved as rheostats to adapt cellular metabolism to atmospheric oxygen fluctuations, but the amplitude of their transcriptional programs has tremendously increased along evolution to include a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The bone marrow represents a notable example of an organ that is physiologically exposed to low oxygen levels and where basal activation of hypoxia signaling appears to be intrinsically wired within normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. HIF-mediated responses are mainly piloted by the oxygen-labile α subunits HIF1α and HIF2α, and current literature suggests that these genes have a functional specification that remains to be fully defined. Since their identification in the mid 90s, HIF factors have been extensively studied in solid tumors, while their implication in leukemia has lagged behind. In the last decades however, many laboratories have addressed the function of hypoxia signaling in leukemia and obtained somewhat contradictory results. Suppression of HIFs expression in different types of leukemia has unveiled common leukemia-promoting functions such as stimulation of bone marrow neoangiogenesis, maintenance of leukemia stem cells and chemoresistance. However, genetic studies are revealing that a definition of HIF factors as bona fide tumor promoters is overly simplistic, and, depending on the leukemia subtype, the specific oncogenic event, or the stage of leukemia development, activation of hypoxia-inducible genes may lead to opposite consequences. With this article we will provide an updated summary of the studies describing the regulation and function of HIF1α and HIF2α in blood malignancies, spanning from acute to chronic, lymphoid to myeloid leukemias. In discussing these data, we will attempt to provide plausible explanations to contradictory findings and point at what we believe are areas of weakness in which further investigations are urgently needed. Gaining additional knowledge into the role of hypoxia signaling in leukemia appears especially timely nowadays, as new inhibitors of HIF factors are entering the clinical arena for specific types of solid tumors but their utility for patients with leukemia is yet to be determined.
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Bruno S, Mancini M, De Santis S, Monaldi C, Cavo M, Soverini S. The Role of Hypoxic Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Future Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136857. [PMID: 34202238 PMCID: PMC8269413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy caused by a wide range of alterations responsible for a high grade of heterogeneity among patients. Several studies have demonstrated that the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) plays a crucial role in AML pathogenesis and therapy response. This review article summarizes the current literature regarding the effects of the dynamic crosstalk between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and hypoxic BMM. The interaction between LSCs and hypoxic BMM regulates fundamental cell fate decisions, including survival, self-renewal, and proliferation capacity as a consequence of genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic adaptation of LSCs mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF-1α and some of their targets have been associated with poor prognosis in AML. It has been demonstrated that the hypoxic BMM creates a protective niche that mediates resistance to therapy. Therefore, we also highlight how hypoxia hallmarks might be targeted in the future to hit the leukemic population to improve AML patient outcomes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Disease Management
- Disease Susceptibility
- Energy Metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Sara De Santis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Kumar R, Panoskaltsis N, Stepanek F, Mantalaris A. Coupled oxygen–carbon dioxide transport model for the human bone marrow. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Tac1 regulation by RNA-binding protein and miRNA in bone marrow stroma: Implication for hematopoietic activity. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:442-50. [PMID: 18061399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the process by which immune and blood cells are produced from a finite number of relatively few hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In adults, hematopoiesis occurs in the adult bone marrow (BM), with the support of stromal cells. This support partly occurs through the production of hematopoietic regulators belonging to the families of cytokines and neuropeptides/neurotransmitters, which mediate their actions through specific receptors. Thus, stromal cells could be central to the neural-hematopoietic-immune axis. This study focuses on Tac1, which encodes hematopoietic regulators belonging to the tachykinin family of neuropeptides. We examined post-transcriptional regulation of Tac1 in BM stroma. Since this gene is inducible in stroma, we selected cytokines with varying hematopoietic effects: stimulator Stem Cell Factor (SCF), broad-acting IL-11 and suppressive TGF-beta1. RNA shift with Tac1 mRNA and cytoplasmic extracts from IL-11 and SCF-stimulated stroma showed RNA shift after 15min at 37 degrees C, whereas a shift was detected with extracts from TGF-beta1-stimulated stroma after 5min at room temperature. Another level of post-transcriptional regulation was observed by the detection of miRNAs that interact with the 3' untranslated region of Tac1 mRNA. In summary, this study showed that cytokine induced miRNA downregulation and RNA-binding protein(s) are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of Tac1 in BM stroma. The broad categories of cytokines as hematopoietic stimulators or inhibitors might depend on the avidity of RNA-binding protein(s) for Tac1 mRNA, as well as the ability to degrade or stabilize the specific miRNAs.
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Fink T, Abildtrup L, Fogd K, Abdallah BM, Kassem M, Ebbesen P, Zachar V. Induction of adipocyte-like phenotype in human mesenchymal stem cells by hypoxia. Stem Cells 2005; 22:1346-55. [PMID: 15579652 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the capacity to differentiate along several pathways to form bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and adipose tissues. The adult hMSCs reside in vivo in the bone marrow in niches where oxygen concentration is far below the ambient air, which is the most commonly encountered laboratory condition. The study reported here was designed to determine whether oxygen has a role in the differentiation of hMSCs into adipocytes. Indeed, when exposed to atmosphere containing only 1% of oxygen, the formation of adipocyte-like phenotype with cytoplasmic lipid inclusions was observed. The effect of hypoxia on the expression of adipocyte-specific genes was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, neither of the two central regulators of adipogenesis--the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) and ADD1/SREBP1c-was induced. Furthermore, hypoxia did not have any effect on the transcription of early (lipoprotein lipase) or late (aP2) marker genes. By the same token, neither of the mature adipocyte-specific genes--leptin and adipophilin--was found responsive to the treatment. High level of induction, however, was observed with the PPAR-gamma-induced angiopoietin-related gene, PGAR. The lack of an adipocyte-specific transcription pattern thus indicates that despite accumulation of the lipid, true adipogenic differentiation did not take place. In conclusion, hypoxia appears to exert a potent lipogenic effect independent of PPAR-gamma2 maturation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Fink
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Estrella B, Estrella R, Oviedo J, Narváez X, Reyes MT, Gutiérrez M, Naumova EN. Acute respiratory diseases and carboxyhemoglobin status in school children of Quito, Ecuador. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:607-11. [PMID: 15866771 PMCID: PMC1257555 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor carbon monoxide comes mainly from vehicular emissions, and high concentrations occur in areas with heavy traffic congestion. CO binds to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and reduces oxygen delivery. We investigated the link between the adverse effects of CO on the respiratory system using COHb as a marker for chronic CO exposure. We examined the relationship between acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and COHb concentrations in school-age children living in urban and suburban areas of Quito, Ecuador. We selected three schools located in areas with different traffic intensities and enrolled 960 children. To adjust for potential confounders we conducted a detailed survey. In a random subsample of 295 children, we determined that average COHb concentrations were significantly higher in children attending schools in areas with high and moderate traffic, compared with the low-traffic area. The percentage of children with COHb concentrations above the safe level of 2.5% were 1, 43, and 92% in low-, moderate-, and high-traffic areas, respectively. Children with COHb above the safe level are 3.25 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.65-6.38] times more likely to have ARI than children with COHb < 2.5%. Furthermore, with each percent increase in COHb above the safety level, children are 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03-1.28) times more likely to have an additional case of ARI. Our findings provide strong evidence of the relation between CO exposure and susceptibility to respiratory infections.
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Zhang X, Li J, Sejas DP, Pang Q. Hypoxia-reoxygenation induces premature senescence in FA bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Blood 2005; 106:75-85. [PMID: 15769896 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells are often exposed to transient hypoxia and reoxygenation as they develop and migrate. Given that bone marrow (BM) failure occurred in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), we reason that hypoxia-then-reoxygenation represents a physiologically relevant stress for FA hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells. Here we show that expansion of Fancc-/- BM cells enriched for progenitor and stem cells was significantly decreased after 2 continuous cycles of hyperoxic-hypoxic-hyperoxic treatments compared with wild-type (WT) BM cells. This inhibition was attributable to a marked decrease of lineage-depleted (Lin-) ScaI- c-kit+ cells and more primitive Lin- ScaI+ c-kit+ cells in Fancc-/- BM cells following reoxygenation. Evaluation of the cell-cycle profile of long-term BM culture (LTBMC) revealed that a vast majority (70.6%) of reoxygenated Fancc-/- LTBMC cells was residing in the G0 and G1 phases compared with 55.8% in WT LTBMC cells. Fancc-/- LTBMC cells stained intensely for SA-beta-galactosidase activity, a biomarker for senescence; this was associated with increased expression of senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1). Taken together, these results suggest that reoxygenation induces premature senescence in Fancc-/- BM hematopoietic cells by signaling through p53, up-regulating p21, and causing senescent cell-cycle arrest. Thus, reoxygenation-induced premature senescence may be a novel mechanism underlying hematopoietic cell depletion and BM failure in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Antoniou ES, Sund S, Homsi EN, Challenger LF, Rameshwar P. A THEORETICAL SIMULATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS DURING OXYGEN FLUCTUATIONS: PREDICTION OF BONE MARROW RESPONSES DURING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. Shock 2004; 22:415-22. [PMID: 15489633 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000142185.88094.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) responds to various diseases, including infections and hemorrhagic shock, by generating immune and blood cells. These cells are derived from a finite number of lymphohematopoietic stem cells (LHSC) close to the endosteal region of the BM. This study presumes that studies on LHSC involving proteomics, computational biology, and genomics could be aided by mathematical models. A theoretical model is developed to predict the responses of proliferating (P) nonproliferating (N) BM cells during acute blood loss when the Po2 in the BM is decreased. Hematopoietic responses were simulated for otherwise healthy individuals who have been subjected to various degrees of blood loss, as represented by 3%, 5%, and 20% O2. The model is robust and could predict hematopoietic activity in the area close to the endosteum during low Po2 as for acute blood loss. Steady-state hematopoiesis at oxygen saturation (80%) in healthy individuals could not be simulated with the equations. Functional assays tested the model with an in vitro assay of the most primitive LHSC (modified long-term culture-initiating cell assay, LTC-IC). The LTC-IC assay showed that 1%, 3% - 5%, and 20% O2 mediate significant increases in the proliferation of the most primitive BM progenitors, as compared with 80% O2. Thus, the functional studies show that the theoretical model is robust and could be used to gain insights into the biology of LHSC during different degrees of blood loss. The utility of such a model in surgical trauma is discussed.
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Kumar R, Stepanek F, Mantalaris A. An Oxygen Transport Model for Human Bone Marrow Microcirculation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2004. [DOI: 10.1205/0960308041614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Song X, Mohr AM, Rameshwar P, Anjaria D, Fekete Z, Hauser CJ, Livingston DH. Delayed differentiation of HL-60 cells following exposure to hypoxia. J Surg Res 2002; 108:243-9. [PMID: 12505048 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2002.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemorrhagic shock and hypoxia have been shown to alter immune and hematopoietic functions. Cellular hypoxia is thought to be the primary defect and has been shown to induce a variety of biological alterations. In this study, we examined if this defect is at the stage of terminal differentiation with the myelomonocytic cell line HL-60. METHODS After hypoxia, HL-60 cells were induced with 1.25% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to differentiate toward neutrophils (PMN). The ability to differentiate was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium staining. The function of the differentiated cells was determined by intracellular calcium levels after exposure to different chemotactic factors, and levels of Id-2 mRNA, a factor associated with terminal differentiation of myeloid cells, were assessed with Northern analysis. RESULTS At 48 h following exposure to hypoxia, HL-60 differentiation was significantly blunted (hypoxia 51 +/- 1%, normoxia 69 +/- 1%; P < 0.001). Intracellular calcium levels in DMSO-treated cells stimulated with 1 microM bacterial tripeptide, fMLP, were significantly reduced in the hypoxic cells (381 +/- 11 nM vs 449 +/- 10 nM; P < 0.01). No difference was noted for two other chemotactic factors, C5a and platelet-activating factor. Using Northern analysis to determine the levels of Id-2 mRNA, we demonstrated that hypoxia reduced the levels by 20% over normoxic cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that hypoxia blunts the differentiation of HL-60 cells to PMN. This altered function of hypoxia appears to be reversible since hypoxia prolonged the time for HL-60 cells to differentiate and this may be partly explained by the premature downregulation of Id-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey--New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07103, USA
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Qian J, Ramroop K, McLeod A, Bandari P, Livingston DH, Harrison JS, Rameshwar P. Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and activation of caspase-3 in hypoxia-reoxygenated bone marrow stroma is negatively regulated by the delayed production of substance P. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4600-8. [PMID: 11591789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM), which is the major site of immune cell development in the adult, responds to different stimuli such as inflammation and hemorrhagic shock. Substance P (SP) is the major peptide encoded by the immune/hemopoietic modulator gene, preprotachykinin-1 (PPT-I). Differential gene expression using a microarray showed that SP reduced hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) mRNA levels in BM stroma. Because long-term hypoxia induced the expression of PPT-I in BM mononuclear cells, we used timeline studies to determine whether PPT-I is central to the biologic responses of BM stroma subjected to 30-min hypoxia (pO(2) = 35 mm Hg) followed by reoxygenation. HIF-1alpha mRNA and protein levels were increased up to 12 h. At this time, beta-PPT-I mRNA was detected with the release of SP at 16 h. SP release correlated with down-regulation of HIF-1alpha to baseline. A direct role for SP in HIF-1alpha expression was demonstrated as follows: 1) transient knockout of beta-PPT-I showed an increase in HIF-1alpha expression up to 48 h of reoxygenation; and 2) HIF-1alpha expression remained baseline during reoxygenation when stroma was subjected to hypoxia in the presence of SP. Reoxygenation activated the PPT-I promoter with concomitant nuclear translocation of HIF-1alpha that can bind to the respective consensus sequences within the PPT-I promoter. SP reversed active caspase-3, an indicator of apoptosis and erythropoiesis, to homeostasis level after reoxygenation of hypoxic stroma. The results show that during reoxgenation the PPT-I gene acts as a negative regulator on the expression of HIF-1alpha and active caspase-3 in BM stroma subjected to reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qian
- Department of Medicine, Trauma Division, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Anjaria DJ, Rameshwar P, Deitch EA, Xu DZ, Adams CA, Forsythe RM, Sambol JT, Hauser CJ, Livingston DH. Hematopoietic failure after hemorrhagic shock is mediated partially through mesenteric lymph. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1780-5. [PMID: 11546985 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200109000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether hemorrhagic shock-induced bone marrow failure is mediated by the gut through the production of toxic mesenteric lymph and whether shock-induced bone marrow failure could be prevented by division of the mesenteric lymphatics. DESIGN Prospective, controlled study. SETTING University surgical research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Rats were divided into five groups: unmanipulated controls (n = 12), hemorrhagic shock with laparotomy (n = 8), hemorrhagic shock with mesenteric lymph duct ligation (n = 10), sham shock with laparotomy (n = 6), and sham shock with mesenteric lymph duct ligation (n = 7). At either 3 or 6 hrs after resuscitation, bone marrow was obtained for determination of early (cobblestone forming cells) and late (granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit and erythroid burst forming unit) hematopoietic progenitor cell growth. Parallel cultures were plated with plasma (1% and 2% v/v) from all groups to determine the effect of lymphatic ligation on hematopoiesis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bone marrow cellularity, cobblestone forming cells, granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit, and erythroid burst forming unit growth in rats subjected to hemorrhagic with lymph duct ligation were similar to those observed in sham-treated animals and significantly greater than in rats subjected to shock and laparotomy without lymphatic duct ligation. Plasma from rats subjected to shock without lymph ligation was inhibitory to hematopoietic progenitor cell growth. In contrast, this shock-induced inhibition was not observed with plasma obtained from shocked rats that underwent mesenteric lymph ligation. CONCLUSIONS Hemorrhagic shock suppresses bone marrow hematopoiesis as measured by a decrease in early and late progenitor cell growth. This suppression appears mediated through mesenteric lymph as the effect is abrogated by mesenteric lymph duct ligation. These data clearly demonstrate a link between the gut and bone marrow failure after hemorrhagic shock
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Anjaria
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Wu JC, Livingston DH, Hauser CJ, Deitch EA, Rameshwar P. Trauma inhibits erythroid burst-forming unit and granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit growth through the production of TGF-beta1 by bone marrow stroma. Ann Surg 2001; 234:224-32. [PMID: 11505069 PMCID: PMC1422010 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200108000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of trauma plasma on clonogenic progenitor cultures. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Severely injured trauma patients often experience altered hematopoietic functions, manifested by an increased susceptibility to infection and the development of a persistent anemia. Experimental and clinical data suggest that trauma results in the release of cytokines into the plasma that have hematopoietic regulatory function, but few studies have examined human bone marrow. METHODS Plasma was obtained from 42 severely injured patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit from days 1 to 15 after injury. Bone marrow and normal plasma were obtained from volunteers. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated and plated for granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) and erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) growth. Parallel cultures were incubated with 2% (v/v) trauma or normal plasma. Additional cultures were plated with neutralizing concentrations of antibodies to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and MIP-1alpha. Circulating plasma TGF-beta1 was determined by bioassay. mRNA from bone marrow stromal cultures was extracted and probed for TGF-beta1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. RESULTS Trauma plasma suppressed CFU-GM and BFU-E colony growth by 40% to 60% at all time periods after injury compared with cultures incubated with normal plasma. Using a noncontact culture system, the authors showed that this inhibition of BFU-E and CFU-GM colony growth was mediated by bone marrow stroma. The inhibition appeared to be due to soluble plasma-induced bone marrow stromal products that did not require direct cell-cell contact. The addition of anti-TGF-beta1 antibodies reversed the suppressive effect of trauma plasma on CFU-GM and BFU-E colony growth during the early but not late time points after injury. Trauma but not normal plasma induced TGF-beta1 mRNA in bone marrow stroma. CONCLUSIONS Trauma plasma inhibits bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-GM colony growth for up to 2 weeks after injury. This inhibition is mediated through the interaction of trauma plasma with bone marrow stroma. TGF-beta1 production by bone marrow stroma appears to plays an important role in the early but not late bone marrow suppression after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Wu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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