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Ribeiro RX, Nascimento CILL, Silva AMTC. GENOTYPE ASSOCIATION GSTM1 NULL AND GASTRIC CANCER: EVIDENCE-BASED META-ANALYSIS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2017; 54:101-108. [PMID: 28327825 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201700000-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the sixth among women, except for non-melanoma skin tumors, in Brazil. Epidemiological evidences reveal the multifactorial etiology of this cancer, highlighting risk factors such as: infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, advanced age, smoking, chronic alcohol abuse, eating habits and genetic polymorphisms. Considering the context of genetic polymorphisms, there is the absence of the GSTM1 gene. The lack of GSTM1 function to detoxify xenobiotics and promote defense against oxidative stress leads to increased DNA damage, promoting gastric carcinogenesis. This process is multifactorial and the development of gastric cancer results from a complex interaction of these variables. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of GSTM1 null polymorphism in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted from 70 articles collected in SciELO and PubMed databases, between September 2015 and July 2016. In order to evaluate a possible association, we used the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval of 95% (CI 95%). To assess the heterogeneity of the studies was used the chi-square test. Statistical analysis was performed using the BioEstat® 5.3. RESULTS This study included 70 studies of case-control, including 28,549 individuals, which were assessed for the null polymorphism of the GSTM1 gene, and of which 11,208 (39.26%) were cases and 17,341 (60.74%) were controls. The final analysis showed that the presence of the GSTM1 gene acts as a protective factor against the development of gastric cancer (OR=0.788; 95%CI 0.725-0.857; P<0.0001). Positive statistical association was found in Asia (OR=0.736; 95%CI 0.670-0.809; P<0.0001) and Eurasia (OR=0.671; 95%CI 0.456-0.988; P=0.05). However, statistically significant data was not obtained in Europe (OR=1.033; 95%CI 0.873-1.222; P=0.705) and America (OR=0.866; 95%CI 0.549-1.364; P=0.534). Therefore, the results can not be deduced around the world. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis concluded that the presence of the GSTM1 gene is a protector for the emergence of gastric cancer, especially in Asian countries, but this result was not found in Europe and America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rívian Xavier Ribeiro
- Departamento de Medicina, Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Cícera Isabella Leão Leite Nascimento
- Departamento de Medicina, Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva
- Departamento de Medicina, Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Lao X, Peng Q, Lu Y, Li S, Qin X, Chen Z, Chen J. Glutathione S-transferase gene GSTM1, gene-gene interaction, and gastric cancer susceptibility: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:127. [PMID: 25477765 PMCID: PMC4255933 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The null genotype of GSTM1 have been implicated in gastric cancer risk, but numerous individual studies showed mixed, or even conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed. Results We identified 54 individual studies involving 9,322 cases and 15,118 controls through computer-based searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. It was found that the null genotype of GSTM1 was associated with an increased gastric cancer risk (OR = 1.207, 95% CI: 1.106-1.317, P < 0.001), under the random-effects model (I2 : 49.9%, PQ <0.001). From stratification analyses for ethnicity, alcohol drinking, Helicobacter pylori infection, an effect modification of gastric cancer risk was found in the subgroups of ethnicity, smoking status, Helicobacter pylori infection, whereas null result was found in the subgroups of alcohol drinking. We also undertook gene-gene interaction analysis between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes for gastric cancer risk, and the results indicated that the dual null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 might elevate the risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.505, 95% CI: 1.165-1.944, P = 002). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that the null genotype of GSTM1 may be a important genetic risk factor for gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Lao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Qiliu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health at Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
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Meng X, Liu Y, Liu B. Glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype meta-analysis on gastric cancer risk. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:122. [PMID: 24948179 PMCID: PMC4079641 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have proved to be involved in the detoxifying several carcinogens and may play an important role in carcinogenesis of cancer. Previous studies on the association between Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphism and gastric cancer (GC) risk reported inconclusive results. To get a precise result, we conducted this present meta-analysis through pooling all eligible studies. Methods A comprehensive databases of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) were searched for case–control studies investigating the association between GSTM1 null genotype and GC risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess this possible association. A χ2-based Q-test was used to examine the heterogeneity assumption. Begg’s and Egger’s test were used to examine the potential publication bias. The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine whether our assumptions or decisions have a major effect on the results of present work. Statistical analyses were performed with the software program STATA 12.0. Results A total of 47 eligible case–control studies were identified, including 6,678 cases and 12,912 controls. Our analyses suggested that GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of GC (OR = 1.186, 95% CI = 1.057-1.329, Pheterogenetiy = 0.000, P = 0.004). Significant association was also found in Asians (OR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.106-1.455, Pheterogenetiy = 0.002, P = 0.001). However, GSTM1 null genotype was not contributed to GC risk in Caucasians (OR = 1.115, 95% CI = 0.937-1.326, Pheterogenetiy = 0.000, P = 0.222). In the subgroup analysis stratified by sources of controls, significant association was detected in hospital-based studies (OR = 1.355, 95% CI = 1.179-1.557, Pheterogenetiy = 0.001, P = 0.000), while there was no significant association detected in population-based studies (OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 0.862-1.200, Pheterogenetiy = 0.000, P = 0.840). Conclusion This meta-analysis showed the evidence that GSTM1 null genotype contributed to the development of GC. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1644180505119533.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated to the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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The association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:685-91. [PMID: 21553222 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Relationship of gastric cancer with the GSTM1 polymorphism was reported with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed and references of retrieved articles. A meta-analysis was performed, which included 38 studies with 6,605 gastric cancer cases and 11,311 controls. The combined result based on all studies showed there was a significant link between GSTM1 null genotype and gastric cancer (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.08-1.34). When stratifying for the race, the phenomenon was found that gastric cancer case had a significantly higher frequency of GSTM1 null genotype than control in Asians (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.10-1.47). However, there was not enough evidence to show there was a significant difference in GSTM1 null genotype distribution between gastric cancer case and control in Caucasians (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.96-1.32). This meta-analysis indicated that GSTM1 null genotype might be associated with increased gastric cancer risk in Asians. However, this meta-analysis did not provide an evidence of confirming association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer in Caucasians.
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Shen J, Wang RT, Xu YC, Wang LW, Wang XR. Interaction models of CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphisms and tobacco smoking in intestinal gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6056-60. [PMID: 16273625 PMCID: PMC4436735 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i38.6056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the interaction models of the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 Val variant and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null polymorphisms with tobacco smoking in the occurrence of intestinal gastric cancer.
METHODS: A community-based case-control study was conducted in Yangzhong. Subjects included 114 intestinal types of gastric cancer with endoscopic and pathological diagnosis during January 1997 and December 1998, and 693 controls selected from their spouse, siblings or siblings-in-law who had no history of digestive system cancer. Logistic regression was used to estimate the interaction models.
RESULTS: The frequency of the CYP1A1 Val variant allele in cases did not differ from that in controls. The OR of GSTM1 null genotype was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2-3.1, P<0.01). It showed a significant type 2 form of interaction model when both CYP1A1 Valvariant allele and former tobacco smoking existed (i.e., among the multiplicative effects, the disease risk is increased by the tobacco exposure alone but not by the CYP1A1 variant alone). The interaction index g was 2.8, and OReg(95%CI) was 5.0 (1.9-13.4). GSTM1 null genotype and former tobacco smoking were significant in a type 4 interaction model (i.e., the disease risk is increased by GSTM1 null genotype or tobacco exposure alone among the multiplicative effects). The interaction index g and OReg (95%CI) were 3.4 and 8.4 (3.4-20.9), respectively.
CONCLUSION: Different interaction models of CYP1A1 Val variant allele and GSTM1 null genotype with tobacco smoking will contribute to understanding carcinogenic mechanism, but there is a need to further investigate in larger scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 701 West 168th Street (Room 505), New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Tamer L, Ateş NA, Ateş C, Ercan B, Elipek T, Yildirim H, Camdeviren H, Atik U, Aydin S. Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 genetic polymorphisms, cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk. Cell Biochem Funct 2005; 23:267-72. [PMID: 15473001 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) belong to a superfamily of detoxification enzymes that provide critical defences against a large variety of chemical carcinogens and environmental toxicants. GSTs are present in most epithelial tissues of the human gastrointestinal tract. We investigated associations between genetic variability in specific GST genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1), the interaction with cigarette smoking and susceptibility to gastric cancer. The GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer with Light Cycler Instrument. The study included 70 patients with gastric cancer and 204 controls. Associations between specific genotypes and the development of gastric cancer were examined by use of logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The GSTM1 homozygous null genotype was associated with an increased risk of developing gastric cancer (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.10-3.04). GSTT1 homozygous null genotype and GSTP1 genotypes were not associated with the risk of gastric cancer. Also there was no difference between cases and controls in the frequency of val-105 and ile-105 alleles (p = 0.07). After grouping according to smoking status, GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased gastric cancer risk for smokers (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.02-4.52). There were no significant differences in the distributions of any of the other GST gene combinations. Our findings suggest that the GSTM1 null genotype may be associated with an increased susceptibility to gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lülüfer Tamer
- Department of Biochemistry, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
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Shirin H, Pinto JT, Liu LU, Merzianu M, Sordillo EM, Moss SF. Helicobacter pylori decreases gastric mucosal glutathione. Cancer Lett 2001; 164:127-33. [PMID: 11179826 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of oxidative stress pathways may contribute to gastric epithelial damage and mutagenesis caused by Helicobacter pylori. We measured the effect of H. pylori on the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), an important endogenous defense against oxidant damage, in gastric epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. GSH concentrations were significantly lower in gastric biopsies from 19 H. pylori-infected patients than 38 normal controls, and correlated inversely with inflammatory cell numbers. In vitro, H. pylori initially increased GSH levels in AGS cells, but subsequently depleted intracellular GSH stores completely after 24 h. No GSH was detected in H. pylori. Our data suggest that diminished GSH levels with H. pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa may be due to a direct effect of the bacterium as well as through the associated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shirin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, 58100, Holon, Israel
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Basso D, Stefani A, Gallo N, Brigato L, Navaglia F, Toma A, Zancanaro F, Di Mario F, De Franchis G, Plebani M. Polymorphonuclear oxidative burst after Helicobacter pylori water extract stimulation is not influenced by the cytotoxic genotype but indicates infection and gastritis grade. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999; 37:223-9. [PMID: 10353465 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1999.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
H. pylori-associated gastric mucosal inflammation is characterized by the presence of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte infiltrate, which is more severe when the infecting strain is cagA positive. After appropriate stimuli, such as bacterial products, PMN release large amounts of oxygen derived free radicals and proteases, to kill the bacterium. H. pylori seems to be particularly resistant to the oxidative machinery of PMN, which can in turn damage the host gastric mucosa. We evaluated peripheral PMN oxidative burst response after stimulation with water extracts from cagA positive (WEcagA+) or negative (WEcagA-) H. pylori strains in infected (n=31) and non-infected patients (n=32) in comparison with healthy controls (n=16); the influence of gastric mucosal inflammatory infiltrate and activity grade on PMN oxidative burst were also assessed. PMN oxidative burst was measured by FACS analysis. H. pylori water extracts were obtained from bacterial culture. H. pylori genotype was determined by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The PMN oxidative burst in H. pylori infected patients was significantly higher than that in H. pylori negative or healthy controls, no differences being found when the results following WEcagA+ and WEcagA- stimulation were compared. The difference in PMN oxidative burst obtained after WEcagA- and E. coli (standard stimulus for PMN oxidative burst) stimulation discriminated H. pylori infected from non-infected patients with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 97%. The grade of PMN oxidative burst correlated with PMN infiltration grade of the gastric mucosa. Our findings allow to conclude that PMN oxidative burst activation by H. pyloriWE is species- but not strain-correlated. PMN priming, probably consequent to the action of soluble mediators released by mononuclear cells, makes PMN hyper-responsive to H. pylori products, thus favoring the release in the gastric mucosa of infected patients of large amounts of oxygen-derived free radicals, which are not enough to eliminate the infection, but may contribute to damaging the gastric mucosa itself. Peripheral PMN oxidative burst response to H. pyloriWE might furthermore be of help in diagnosing H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Basso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global impact of infectious diseases is tremendous. In 1996, the 17 million deaths from infectious diseases accounted for one third of all deaths worldwide, while the acute and chronic morbidity from infectious diseases adds an additional great burden on global health. Multiple factors, host and nonhost, influence the susceptibility of individuals and populations to infectious diseases, as well as the severity of the illness once infected. METHODS We review the influence of host genes on the susceptibility to and severity of viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infectious diseases, on vaccine responsiveness and on treatments for infections. HIV/AIDS is discussed in detail because it is an example of an infectious disease influenced by multiple host genes and because of its impact. Although the HIV/AIDS pandemic dates only since the late 1970s, it has claimed the lives of 11 million people worldwide and, today, more than 30 million people are estimated to be HIV infected. CONCLUSION Our greater understanding of the genetic factors that influence morbidity and mortality of infectious disease leads to new avenues of prevention and treatment that can improve the health of individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M McNicholl
- Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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