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Abstract
Mitochondria play various important roles in energy production, metabolism, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can lead to the initiation and progression of cancers and other diseases. These alterations include mutations and copy number variations. Especially, the mutations in D-loop, MT-ND1, and MT-ND5 affect mitochondrial functions and are widely detected in various cancers. Meanwhile, several other mutations have been correlated with muscular and neuronal diseases, especially MT-TL1 is deeply related. These pieces of evidence indicated mtDNA alterations in diseases show potential as a novel therapeutic target. mtDNA repair enzymes are the target for delaying or stalling the mtDNA damage-induced cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, some mutations reveal a prognosis ability of the drug resistance. Current efforts aim to develop mitochondrial transplantation technique as a direct cure for deregulated mitochondria-associated diseases. This review summarizes the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancers and other pathologies; and discusses the relevance of mitochondria-targeted therapies, along with their contribution as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Ngo Yen Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Jo
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sachdeva A, Rajguru JP, Sohi K, Sachdeva SS, Kaur K, Devi R, Rana V. Association of leukemia and mitochondrial diseases-A review. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3120-3124. [PMID: 31742129 PMCID: PMC6857401 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_679_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in various metabolic pathways like oxidative phosphorylation free radical generation and apoptosis. Defects in mitochondrial function are responsible for a number of heterogenous clinical presentations along with development and progression of cancer. Decrease in cellular energy (ATP) production because of impaired oxidative phosphorylation is the most important cause for these underlying disorders. The present review article aims to provide current understanding of mitochondrial genetics and biology and relates the mt-DNA alterations in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sachdeva
- Department of Prosthodontics, J.C.D Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Jagadish Prasad Rajguru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kanwardeep Sohi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shaheed Kartar Singh Sarabha Dental College and Hospital, Sarabha, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shaheed Kartar Singh Sarabha Dental College and Hospital, Sarabha, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rani Devi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shaheed Kartar Singh Sarabha Dental College and Hospital, Sarabha, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Rana
- Department of Oral Medicine, Private Practitioner, New Delhi, India
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Tyagi A, Pramanik R, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi R, Bakhshi S. Prognostic impact of mitochondrial DNA D-loop variations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1334-1343. [PMID: 30863493 PMCID: PMC6407682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) changes, especially those in the regulatory D-loop region in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) remains investigational. Consecutive 151 de novo pediatric AML patients, (≤18 yr) were prospectively enrolled from June 2013-August 2016, to assess the prognostic impact of mt-DNA D-loop variations (somatic/germline) on survival. For each patient, D-loop region was sequenced on baseline bone marrow and buccal swab, and mother’s blood sample. In 151 AML subjects, 1490 variations were found at 237 positions; 80.9% were germline and 19.1% somatic. The mean number of variations per position was 6.3. Variations with frequency ≥6 were analyzed for their impact on survival and 4 categories were created, namely “somatic-protective”, “somatic-hazardous”, “germline-protective” and “germline- hazardous”. Although, somatic-protective could not predict event free survival (EFS) or overall survival (OS), somatic-hazardous [(OS) HR = 2.33, p = 0.06] and germline-hazardous [(OS) HR = 2.85, p < 0.01] significantly predicted OS and EFS. Notably, the germline-protective, could significantly predict EFS (HR = 0.31, p = 0.03) and OS (HR = 0.19, p < 0.01), only when variations at ≥2 positions were present. On multivariate analysis, three positions namely 16111, 16126, 16362 and karyotype were found to be predictive of EFS. A prognostic index (PI) was developed using nomogram PI = (0.8*karyotype) + (1.0*c16111) + (0.7*t16362) + (1.2*t16126). Hazard ratio for EFS increased significantly with increasing PI reaching to a maximum of 3.3 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the impact of mt-DNA D-loop variations on outcomes in pediatric AML depends on their nature (germline/somatic), position and mutational burden, highlighting their potential role as evolving prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudishi Tyagi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhu Y, Dean AE, Horikoshi N, Heer C, Spitz DR, Gius D. Emerging evidence for targeting mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction in cancer therapy. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3682-3691. [PMID: 30168803 DOI: 10.1172/jci120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells use a complex network of redox-dependent processes necessary to maintain cellular integrity during oxidative metabolism, as well as to protect against and/or adapt to stress. The disruption of these redox-dependent processes, including those in the mitochondria, creates a cellular environment permissive for progression to a malignant phenotype and the development of resistance to commonly used anticancer agents. An extension of this paradigm is that when these mitochondrial functions are altered by the events leading to transformation and ensuing downstream metabolic processes, they can be used as molecular biomarkers or targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions to selectively kill and/or sensitize cancer versus normal cells. In this Review we propose that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is altered in tumor cells, and the central theme of this dysregulation is electron transport chain activity, folate metabolism, NADH/NADPH metabolism, thiol-mediated detoxification pathways, and redox-active metal ion metabolism. It is proposed that specific subgroups of human malignancies display distinct mitochondrial transformative and/or tumor signatures that may benefit from agents that target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Elizabeth Dean
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nobuo Horikoshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Collin Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tyagi A, Pramanik R, Vishnubhatla S, Ali S, Bakhshi R, Chopra A, Singh A, Bakhshi S. Pattern of mitochondrial D-loop variations and their relation with mitochondrial encoded genes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Mutat Res 2018; 810:13-18. [PMID: 29883862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Role of mitochondrial DNA variations, particularly in D loop region, remains investigational in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Consecutive 151 pediatric AML patients were prospectively enrolled from June 2013 to August 2016, for evaluating pattern of variations in mitochondrial D-loop region and to determine their association, if any, with expression of mitochondrial-encoded genes. For each patient, D-loop region was sequenced on baseline bone marrow, buccal swab and mother's blood sample. Real time PCR was used for relative gene expression of four mitochondrial DNA encoded genes viz. Nicotinamide-adenine-dineucleotide-dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3), Cytochrome-B (Cyt-B), Cytochrome c oxidase-I (COX1) and ATP-synthetase F0 subunit-6 (ATP6). Total 1490 variations were found at 237 positions in D-Loop; 1206 (80.9%) were germline and 284 (19.1%) were somatic. Positions 73-263 were identified as a probable hotspot region. G bases appeared to be most stable nucleotide (least number of single base substitutions) whereas T appeared to be most susceptible to variations with germline T-C being the commonest. Gene expression of Cyt-B was found to be significantly higher for any variation (somatic or germline) at positions 16,192 and 16,327 while it was significantly lower for variations at positions 16,051 and 207. Any variation at positions 152, 207 and 513 significantly decreased COX1 expression while those at positions 16,051 and 152 attenuated ATP6 expression. This first study evaluated type and overall pattern of D-loop variations in AML, and also showed that some of these variations in D loop region might have an effect on the mitochondrial-encoded genes which is new and valuable information in AML genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudishi Tyagi
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Safdar Ali
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences, India; University of Delhi , New Delhi
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences, India; University of Delhi , New Delhi
| | - Anita Chopra
- Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Lab oncology
| | - Archna Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Yacoub HA, Mahmoud WM, El-Baz HAED, Eid OM, ELfayoumi RI, Elhamidy SM, Mahmoud MM. Novel Mutations in the Displacement Loop of Mitochondrial DNA are Associated with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Genetic Sequencing Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:9283-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sharawat SK, Bakhshi R, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Mitochondrial D-loop variations in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia: a potential prognostic marker. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:391-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cerezo M, Bandelt HJ, Martín-Guerrero I, Ardanaz M, Vega A, Carracedo Á, García-Orad Á, Salas A. High mitochondrial DNA stability in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7902. [PMID: 19924307 PMCID: PMC2775629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) leads to progressive accumulation of lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissues. Previous findings have suggested that the mtDNA could play an important role in CLL. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region was analyzed in lymphocyte cell DNA extracts and compared with their granulocyte counterpart extract of 146 patients suffering from B-Cell CLL; B-CLL (all recruited from the Basque country). Major efforts were undertaken to rule out methodological artefacts that would render a high false positive rate for mtDNA instabilities and thus lead to erroneous interpretation of sequence instabilities. Only twenty instabilities were finally confirmed, most of them affecting the homopolymeric stretch located in the second hypervariable segment (HVS-II) around position 310, which is well known to constitute an extreme mutational hotspot of length polymorphism, as these mutations are frequently observed in the general human population. A critical revision of the findings in previous studies indicates a lack of proper methodological standards, which eventually led to an overinterpretation of the role of the mtDNA in CLL tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that mtDNA instability is not the primary causal factor in B-CLL. A secondary role of mtDNA mutations cannot be fully ruled out under the hypothesis that the progressive accumulation of mtDNA instabilities could finally contribute to the tumoral process. Recommendations are given that would help to minimize erroneous interpretation of sequencing results in mtDNA studies in tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Databases, Genetic
- Granulocytes/cytology
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Models, Statistical
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cerezo
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Idoia Martín-Guerrero
- Laboratorio Interdepartamental de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Genética Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maite Ardanaz
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - África García-Orad
- Laboratorio Interdepartamental de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Genética Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Verma M, Kumar D. Application of mitochondrial genome information in cancer epidemiology. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 383:41-50. [PMID: 17532310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two genomes, nuclear and mitochondrial, exist in humans although information contained in the mitochondrial genome has not been fully utilized in cancer epidemiology. Over the last few years, a variety of approaches have been developed to improve results of conventional cancer screening by detecting molecular markers in different populations. Mitochondrial DNA alterations (mutations, deletions and instability) are emerging as new molecular markers for detecting a variety of cancers in tissue samples and biofluids which can be included in population screening studies. Since mitochondrial genome is small (16.6 kb) and high-throughput assays have been developed for sequencing whole mitochondrial genome, it can be adopted by most of the laboratories conducting epidemiological studies. Applications of mitochondrial DNA markers to identify high risk populations and future challenges are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Analytic Epidemiology Research Branch, Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Yao YG, Ogasawara Y, Kajigaya S, Molldrem JJ, Falcão RP, Pintão MC, McCoy JP, Rizzatti EG, Young NS. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in single cells from leukemia patients. Blood 2007; 109:756-62. [PMID: 16946307 PMCID: PMC1785100 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-01-011007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A high frequency of mtDNA somatic mutation has been observed in many tumors as well as in aging tissues. In this study, we analyzed the mtDNA control region sequence variation in 3534 single normal cells and individual blasts from 18 patients with leukemia and 10 healthy donors, to address the mutation process in leukemic cells. We found significant differences in mtDNA sequence, as represented by the number of haplotypes and the mean number of cells with each nonaggregate haplotype in a population of cells, in patients compared to controls. Patients with similar clinical leukemia types, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML), did not show a uniform pattern of sequence variation in single blasts. Some patients at relapse presented a complex shift of major haplotypes in single cells. Four patients showed high frequencies of cells containing mutations 189, 260, 16150, and 16488, respectively, as a result of clonal expansion and could be considered as potential markers for their respective disease progression. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study of mtDNA variation in single malignant cells. Our results suggest that the somatic mutation process in leukemia is complex, leading to diverse levels of genetic alterations due to either intrinsic aspects of leukemia pathophysiology or chemotherapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Yao
- Hematology Branch and Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yoji Ogasawara
- Hematology Branch and Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch and Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Roberto P. Falcão
- Division of Hematology, University of Sãtao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria-Carolina Pintão
- Division of Hematology, University of Sãtao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- Hematology Branch and Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edgar Gil Rizzatti
- Division of Hematology, University of Sãtao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Neal S. Young
- Hematology Branch and Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Gourley PL, Hendricks JK, McDonald AE, Copeland RG, Barrett KE, Gourley CR, Singh KK, Naviaux RK. Mitochondrial correlation microscopy and nanolaser spectroscopy - new tools for biophotonic detection of cancer in single cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2006; 4:585-92. [PMID: 16292878 DOI: 10.1177/153303460500400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, pathologists rely on labor-intensive microscopic examination of tumor cells using century-old staining methods that can give false readings. Emerging BioMicroNano-technologies have the potential to provide accurate, realtime, high-throughput screening of tumor cells without the need for time-consuming sample preparation. These rapid, nano-optical techniques may play an important role in advancing early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. In this report, we show that laser scanning confocal microscopy can be used to identify a previously unknown property of certain cancer cells that distinguishes them, with single-cell resolution, from closely related normal cells. This property is the correlation of light scattering and the spatial organization of mitochondria. In normal liver cells, mitochondria are highly organized within the cytoplasm and highly scattering, yielding a highly correlated signal. In cancer cells, mitochondria are more chaotically organized and poorly scattering. These differences correlate with important bioenergetic disturbances that are hallmarks of many types of cancer. In addition, we review recent work that exploits the new technology of nanolaser spectroscopy using the biocavity laser to characterize the unique spectral signatures of normal and transformed cells. These optical methods represent powerful new tools that hold promise for detecting cancer at an early stage and may help to limit delays in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Gourley
- Biomolecular Interfaces and Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gattermann
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und klinische Immunologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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He L, Luo L, Proctor SJ, Middleton PG, Blakely EL, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in adult-onset leukaemia. Leukemia 2004; 17:2487-91. [PMID: 14523470 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome instability has recently been demonstrated in a wide variety of human tumours and is implicated in the development of the myelodysplastic syndromes, a heterogeneous group of haematological disorders with an increased risk of malignant transformation. We therefore investigated the incidence of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in patients with adult-onset leukaemia. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome from both normal tissue (buccal epithelial cells) and the leukaemia from 24 patients with adult-onset leukaemia. Somatic mtDNA mutation was present in nine individuals ( approximately 40%) and in each case the tumour genome differed from the normal genome sequence by a single sequence change. Using PCR-RFLP analysis and real-time PCR, we have studied in detail the mutation present in one patient with acute lymphatic leukaemia, demonstrating that the mutation is associated specifically with the leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L He
- Mitochondrial Research Group, School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Zhou Y, Hileman EO, Plunkett W, Keating MJ, Huang P. Free radical stress in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and its role in cellular sensitivity to ROS-generating anticancer agents. Blood 2003; 101:4098-104. [PMID: 12531810 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), a new anticancer agent currently in clinical trials, has been demonstrated to inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) and to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells through a free radical-mediated mechanism. Because the accumulation of superoxide (O(2)-) by inhibition of SOD depends on the cellular generation of O(2)-, we hypothesized that the endogenous production of superoxide may be a critical factor that affects the antileukemia activity of 2-ME. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between cellular O(2)- contents and the cytotoxic activity of 2-ME in primary leukemia cells from 50 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Quantitation of O(2)- revealed that the basal cellular O(2)- contents are heterogeneous among patients with CLL. The O(2)- levels were significantly higher in CLL cells from patients with prior chemotherapy. CLL cells with higher basal O(2)- contents were more sensitive to 2-ME in vitro than those with lower O(2)- contents. There was a significant correlation between the 2-ME-induced O(2)- increase and the loss of cell viability. Importantly, addition of arsenic trioxide, a compound capable of causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, significantly enhanced the activity of 2-ME, even in the CLL cells that were resistant to 2-ME alone. These results suggest that the cellular generation of O(2)- plays an important role in the cytotoxic action of 2-ME and that it is possible to use exogenous ROS-producing agents such as arsenic trioxide in combination with 2-ME to enhance the antileukemia activity and to overcome drug resistance. Such a combination strategy may have potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in cellular energy metabolism, free radical generation, and apoptosis. Defects in mitochondrial function have long been suspected to contribute to the development and progression of cancer. In this review article, we aim to provide a brief summary of our current understanding of mitochondrial genetics and biology, review the mtDNA alterations reported in various types of cancer, and offer some perspective as to the emergence of mtDNA mutations, their functional consequences in cancer development, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Carew
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Ivanova R, Lepage V, Charron D, Schächter F. Mitochondrial genotype associated with French Caucasian centenarians. Gerontology 2000; 44:349. [PMID: 9813436 DOI: 10.1159/000022041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Yide H, Guisheng Q, Weizhong C, Shuping L, Guansong W, Baoling M. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1. Chin J Cancer Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-999-0027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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