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Wong SWK, Tey SK, Mao X, Fung HL, Xiao Z, Wong DKH, Mak L, Yuen M, Ng IO, Yun JP, Gao Y, Yam JWP. Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived vWF Induces a Positive Feedback Loop between Tumor and Endothelial Cells to Promote Angiogenesis and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302677. [PMID: 37387563 PMCID: PMC10502836 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hypervascular malignancy by which its growth and dissemination are largely driven by the modulation of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Proteomic profiling of circulating sEVs of control individuals and HCC patients identifies von Willibrand factor (vWF) to be upregulated progressively along HCC stages. Elevated sEV-vWF levels are found in a larger cohort of HCC-sEV samples and metastatic HCC cell lines compared to their respective normal counterparts. Circulating sEVs of late-stage HCC patients markedly augment angiogenesis, tumor-endothelial adhesion, pulmonary vascular leakiness, and metastasis, which are significantly compromised by anti-vWF antibody. The role of vWF is further corroborated by the enhanced promoting effect of sEVs collected from vWF-overexpressing cells. sEV-vWF modulates endothelial cells through an elevated level of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Mechanistically, secreted FGF2 elicits a positive feedback response in HCC via the FGFR4/ERK1 signaling pathway. The co-administration of anti-vWF antibody or FGFR inhibitor significantly improves the treatment outcome of sorafenib in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model. This study reveals mutual stimulation between HCC and endothelial cells by tumor-derived sEVs and endothelial angiogenic factors, facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis. It also provides insights into a new therapeutic strategy involving blocking tumor-endothelial intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wan Ki Wong
- Department of PathologySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Sze Keong Tey
- Department of PathologySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Department of SurgerySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of PathologySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Hiu Ling Fung
- Department of PathologySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Zhi‐Jie Xiao
- Research CentreThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University518107ShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Danny Ka Ho Wong
- Department of MedicineSchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Lung‐Yi Mak
- Department of MedicineSchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Man‐Fung Yuen
- Department of MedicineSchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Irene Oi‐Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Jing Ping Yun
- Department of PathologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery IIZhuJiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280P. R. China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of PathologySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong KongHong Kong
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Dai L, Wang X, Bai T, Liu J, Chen B, Li T, Yang W. Identification of a novel cellular senescence-related signature for the prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy response in colon cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:961554. [PMID: 35991564 PMCID: PMC9386482 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.961554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to construct a cellular senescence-related risk score signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in colon cancer. Colon cancer data were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. And cellular senescence-related genes were obtained from the CellAge database. The colon cancer data were classified into different clusters based on cellular senescence-related gene expression. Next, prognostic differential genes among clusters were identified with survival analysis. A cellular senescence-related risk score signature was developed by performing the LASSO regression analysis. Finally, PCA analysis, t-SNE analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, ROC analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, multivariate Cox regression analysis, C-index analysis, meta-analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and IPS score analysis were used to evaluate the significance of the risk signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in colon cancer. The colon cancer data were classified into three clusters. The patients in cluster A and cluster B had longer survival. A cellular senescence-related risk score signature was developed. Patients in the low-risk score group showed a better prognosis. The risk score signature could predict colon cancer patients’ prognosis independently of other clinical characteristics. The risk score signature predicted the prognosis of colon cancer patients more accurately than other signatures. Patients in the low-risk score group showed a better response to immunotherapy. The opposite was true for the high-risk score group. In conclusion, the cellular senescence-related risk score signature could be used for the prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy response in colon cancer.
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Heparin Immobilization of Tissue Engineered Xenogeneic Small Diameter Arterial Scaffold Improve Endothelialization. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:505-523. [PMID: 35092597 PMCID: PMC9130405 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous vessels graft (Inner diameter < 6 mm) harvesting always challenged during bypass grafting surgery and its complication shows poor outcome. Tissue engineered vascular graft allow to generate biological graft without any immunogenic complication. The approach presented in this study is to induce graft remodeling through heparin coating in luminal surface of small diameter (Inner diameter < 1 mm) decellularized arterial graft. METHODS Decellularization of graft was done using SDS, combination of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.5% sodium deoxycholate and only sodium deoxycholate. Decellularization was confirmed on basis of histology, and DAPI. Characterization of extracellular matrix was analyzed using histology and scanning electron microscopy. Surface modification of decellularized vascular graft was done with heparin coating. Heparin immobilization was evaluated by toluidine blue stain. Heparin-coated graft was transplanted end to end anastomosis in femoral artery in rat. RESULTS Combination of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.5% Sodium deoxycholate showed complete removal of xenogeneic cells. The heparin coating on luminal surface showed anti-thrombogenicity and endothelialization. Mechanical testing revealed no significant differences in strain characteristics and modulus between native tissues, decellularized scaffolds and transplanted scaffold. Collectively, this study proposed a heparin-immobilized ECM coating to surface modification offering functionalize biomaterials for developing small-diameter vascular grafts. CONCLUSION We conclude that xenogeneic decellularized arterial scaffold with heparin surface modification can be fabricated and successfully transplanted small diameter (inner diameter < 1 mm) decellularized arterial graft.
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Ashley RL, Runyan CL, Maestas MM, Trigo E, Silver G. Inhibition of the C-X-C Motif Chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and Its Receptor CXCR4 Reduces Utero-Placental Expression of the VEGF System and Increases Utero-Placental Autophagy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:650687. [PMID: 34485423 PMCID: PMC8415452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.650687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta, a unique organ that only develops during pregnancy, is essential for nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange between offspring and mother. Yet, despite its importance, the placenta remains one of the least understood organs and knowledge of early placental formation is particularly limited. Abnormalities in placental development result in placental dysfunction or insufficiency whereby normal placental physiology is impaired. Placental dysfunction is a frequent source of pregnancy loss in livestock, inflicting serious economic impact to producers. Though the underlying causes of placental dysfunction are not well-characterized, initiation of disease is thought to occur during establishment of functional fetal and placental circulation. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms controlling placental growth and vascularization is necessary to improve reproductive success in livestock. We propose chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) signaling through its receptor CXCR4 functions as a chief coordinator of vascularization through direct actions on fetal trophoblast and maternal endometrial and immune cells. To investigate CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling on uteroplacental vascular remodeling at the fetal–maternal interface, we utilized a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100). On day 12 post-breeding in sheep, osmotic pumps were surgically installed and delivered either AMD3100 or saline into the uterine lumen ipsilateral to the corpus luteum for 14 days. On day 35 of ovine pregnancy, fetal/placental and endometrial tissues were collected, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and uterine horn cross sections were preserved for immunofluorescent analysis. Suppressing CXCL12–CXCR4 at the fetal–maternal interface during initial placental vascularization resulted in diminished abundance of select angiogenic factors in fetal and maternal placenta on day 35. Compared to control, less vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEFG receptor 2 (KDR) were observed in endometrium when CXCL12–CXCR4 was diminished. Less VEGF was also evident in fetal placenta (cotyledons) in ewes receiving AMD3100 infusion compared to control. Suppressing CXCL12–CXCR4 at the fetal–maternal interface also resulted in greater autophagy induction in fetal and maternal placenta compared to control, suggestive of CXCL12–CXCR4 impacting cell survival. CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling may govern placental homeostasis by serving as a critical upstream mediator of vascularization and cell viability, thereby ensuring appropriate placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Cheyenne L Runyan
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Marlie M Maestas
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Elisa Trigo
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Gail Silver
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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Polo-Montalvo A, Casarrubios L, Serrano MC, Sanvicente A, Feito MJ, Arcos D, Portolés MT. Effective Actions of Ion Release from Mesoporous Bioactive Glass and Macrophage Mediators on the Differentiation of Osteoprogenitor and Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081152. [PMID: 34452110 PMCID: PMC8399963 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their specific mesoporous structure and large surface area, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) possess both drug-delivery ability and effective ionic release to promote bone regeneration by stimulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Macrophages secrete mediators that can affect both processes, depending on their phenotype. In this work, the action of ion release from MBG-75S, with a molar composition of 75SiO2-20CaO-5P2O5, on osteogenesis and angiogenesis and the modulatory role of macrophages have been assessed in vitro with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in monoculture and in coculture with RAW 264.7 macrophages. Ca2+, phosphorous, and silicon ions released from MBG-75S were measured in the culture medium during both differentiation processes. Alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization were quantified as the key markers of osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of CD31, CD34, VEGFR2, eNOS, and vWF was evaluated to characterize the EPC differentiation into mature endothelial cells. Other cellular parameters analyzed included the cell size and complexity, intracellular calcium, and intracellular content of the reactive oxygen species. The results obtained indicate that the ions released by MBG-75S promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, evidencing a macrophage inhibitory role in these processes and demonstrating the high potential of MBG-75S for the preparation of implants for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Polo-Montalvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Laura Casarrubios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (M.J.F.)
| | - María Concepción Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adrián Sanvicente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (M.J.F.)
| | - María José Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Daniel Arcos
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (M.T.P.)
| | - María Teresa Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (M.J.F.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (M.T.P.)
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Khezerlou E, Prajapati N, DeCoster MA. Negative Feedback Role of Astrocytes in Shaping Excitation in Brain Cell Co-cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:651509. [PMID: 34326721 PMCID: PMC8313828 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.651509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells play an important role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and may thus influence excitability in epileptogenesis. These cells in the brain have glutamate (Glu) transporters, which remove this neurotransmitter from the extracellular space. Lack of negative (-) feedback makes local neuronal circuits more excitable and potentially contributing to epileptogenic phenomena. In this study, the role of glial cells in providing (-) feedback is shown through different models of brain cells in culture imaged for intracellular calcium concentration [(Ca2+)i]. Moreover, here we study the individual cells by putting them in categories. Neuronal networks with high and low (-) feedback were established by using anti-mitotics to deplete glial cells. Separate stimuli with very low subthreshold concentrations of Glu (250-750 nM) were added to cultures to test if the order of stimulations matter in regard to calcium dynamics outcomes. Additionally, KCl and ATP were used to stimulate glial cells. We found that for cultures high in (-) feedback, order of the stimulus was not important in predicting cellular responses and because of the complexity of networks in low (-) feedback cultures the order of stimulus matters. As an additional method for analysis, comparison of high (-) feedback cultures, and pure astrocytes was also considered. Glial cells in pure astrocyte cultures tend to be larger in size than glial cells in high (-) feedback cultures. The potential effect of (-) feedback at the blood brain barrier (BBB) was also considered for the inflammatory responses of nitric oxide (NO) production and [Ca2+]i regulation using brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). The inflammatory and calcium signaling pathways both indicate the negative feedback role of astrocytes, poised between the BBB and structures deeper within the brain, where neuronal synapses are homeostatically maintained by glial uptake of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Khezerlou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, United States
| | - Neela Prajapati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, United States
| | - Mark A DeCoster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, United States.,Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, United States
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Single-cell analyses of renal cell cancers reveal insights into tumor microenvironment, cell of origin, and therapy response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103240118. [PMID: 34099557 PMCID: PMC8214680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103240118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are heterogeneous malignancies thought to arise from kidney tubular epithelial cells, and clear cell RCC is the most common entity. This study demonstrates that cell atlases generated from benign kidney and two common RCCs using single-cell RNA sequencing can predict putative cells of origin for more than 10 RCC subtypes. A focused analysis of distinct cell-type compartments reveals the potential role of tumor epithelia in promoting immune infiltration and other molecular attributes of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, an observed association between the lack of immunotherapy response and endothelial cell fraction has important clinical implications. The current study, therefore, significantly contributes toward understanding disease ontogenies and the molecular dynamics of tumor epithelia and the microenvironment. Diverse subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) display a wide spectrum of histomorphologies, proteogenomic alterations, immune cell infiltration patterns, and clinical behavior. Delineating the cells of origin for different RCC subtypes will provide mechanistic insights into their diverse pathobiology. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to develop benign and malignant renal cell atlases. Using a random forest model trained on this cell atlas, we predicted the putative cell of origin for more than 10 RCC subtypes. scRNA-seq also revealed several attributes of the tumor microenvironment in the most common subtype of kidney cancer, clear cell RCC (ccRCC). We elucidated an active role for tumor epithelia in promoting immune cell infiltration, potentially explaining why ccRCC responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors, despite having a low neoantigen burden. In addition, we characterized an association between high endothelial cell types and lack of response to immunotherapy in ccRCC. Taken together, these single-cell analyses of benign kidney and RCC provide insight into the putative cell of origin for RCC subtypes and highlight the important role of the tumor microenvironment in influencing ccRCC biology and response to therapy.
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Zacchi P, Belmonte B, Mangogna A, Morello G, Scola L, Martorana A, Borelli V. The Ferroxidase Hephaestin in Lung Cancer: Pathological Significance and Prognostic Value. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638856. [PMID: 34094919 PMCID: PMC8170403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hephaestin (HEPH) belongs to a group of exocytoplasmic ferroxidases which contribute to cellular iron homeostasis by favouring its export. Down-regulation of HEPH expression, possibly by stimulating cell proliferation due to an increase in iron availability, has shown to correlate with poor survival in breast cancer. The lung is particularly sensitive to iron-induced oxidative stress, given the high oxygen tension present, however, HEPH distribution in lung cancer and its influence on prognosis have not been investigated yet. In this study we explored the prognostic value of HEPH and its expression pattern in the most prevalent histotypes of lung cancers, namely lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. In silico analyses, based on UALCAN, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan–Meier plotter bioinformatics, revealed a significant correlation between higher levels of HEPH expression and favorable prognosis, in both cancer histotypes. Moreover, TIMER web platform showed a statistically significant association between HEPH expression and cell elements belonging to the tumor microenvironment identified as endothelial cells and a subpopulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts, further confirmed by double immunohistochemical labeling with cell type specific markers. Taken together, these data shed a light on the complex mechanisms of local iron handling lung cancer can exploit to support tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gaia Morello
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Scola
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Martorana
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Effects of Ipriflavone-Loaded Mesoporous Nanospheres on the Differentiation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Their Modulation by Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051102. [PMID: 33923311 PMCID: PMC8145259 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic biomaterials are designed to promote vascularization and tissue regeneration. Nanoparticles of bioactive materials loaded with drugs represent an interesting strategy to stimulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis and to inhibit bone resorption. In this work, porcine endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), essential for blood vessel formation, were isolated and characterized to evaluate the in vitro effects of unloaded (NanoMBGs) and ipriflavone-loaded nanospheres (NanoMBG-IPs), which were designed to prevent osteoporosis. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was studied in EPCs under different culture conditions: (a) treatment with NanoMBGs or NanoMBG-IPs, (b) culture with media from basal, M1, and M2 macrophages previously treated with NanoMBGs or NanoMBG-IPs, (c) coculture with macrophages in the presence of NanoMBGs or NanoMBG-IPs, and (d) coculture with M2d angiogenic macrophages. The endocytic mechanisms for nanosphere incorporation by EPCs were identified using six different endocytosis inhibitors. The results evidence the great potential of these nanomaterials to enhance VEGFR2 expression and angiogenesis, after intracellular incorporation by EPCs through clathrin-dependent endocytosis, phagocytosis, and caveolae-mediated uptake. The treatment of EPCs with basal, M1, and M2 macrophage culture media and EPC/macrophage coculture studies also confirmed the angiogenic effect of these nanospheres on EPCs, even in the presence of phagocytic cells.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030172. [PMID: 33668707 PMCID: PMC7996168 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) obtained from MSCs can have numerous therapeutic applications via regeneration of various body tissues. There are certain approaches by which the therapeutic effect of MSCEVs can be further potentiated. Translation of MSCEVs from the preclinical to clinical level presents several challenges to investigators. Thus, knowledge of isolation, culturing, application, and various challenges faced during clinical applications of MSCEVs are the important aspects highlighted in the present review. Abstract Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.
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Young AP, Zhu J, Bagher AM, Denovan-Wright EM, Howlett SE, Kelly MEM. Endothelin B receptor dysfunction mediates elevated myogenic tone in cerebral arteries from aged male Fischer 344 rats. GeroScience 2021; 43:1447-1463. [PMID: 33403617 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain requires adequate cerebral blood flow to meet the high demand for nutrients and to clear waste products. With age, there is a chronic reduction in cerebral blood flow in small resistance arteries that can eventually limit proper brain function. The endothelin system is a key mediator in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, but the contributions of its constituent receptors in the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle layers of cerebral arteries have not been well defined in the context of aging. We isolated posterior cerebral arteries from young and aged Fischer 344 rats, as well as ETB receptor knock-out rats and mounted the vessels in plexiglass pressure myograph chambers to measure myogenic tone in response to increasing pressure and targeted pharmacological treatments. We used an ETA receptor antagonist (BQ-123), an ETB receptor antagonist (BQ-788), endothelin-1, an endothelin-1 synthesis inhibitor (phosphoramidon), and vessel denudation to dissect the roles of each receptor in aging vasculature. Aged rats exhibited a higher myogenic tone than young rats, and the tone was sensitive to the ETA antagonist, BQ-123, but insensitive to the ETB antagonist, BQ-788. By contrast, the tone in the vessels from young rats was raised by BQ-788 but unaffected by BQ-123. When the endothelial layer that is normally enriched with ETB1 receptors was removed from young vessels, myogenic tone increased. However, denudation of the endothelial layer did not influence vessels from aged animals. This indicated that endothelial ETB1 receptors were not functional in the vessels from aged rats. There was also an increase in ETA receptor expression with age, whereas ETB receptor expression remained constant between young and aged animals. These results demonstrate that in young vessels, ETB1 receptors maintain a lower myogenic tone, but in aged vessels, a loss of ETB receptor activity allows ETA receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells to raise myogenic tone. Our findings have potentially important clinical implications for treatments to improve cerebral perfusion in older adults with diseases characterized by reduced cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jiequan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Jiang B, Wang R, Lin Z, Ma J, Cui J, Wang M, Liu R, Wu W, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. Antisense long non‑coding RNA WEE2‑AS1 regulates human vascular endothelial cell viability via cell cycle G2/M transition in arteriosclerosis obliterans. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5069-5082. [PMID: 33174040 PMCID: PMC7646961 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect atherosclerosis by regulating the physiological and pathological processes of endothelial cells; however, the role of lncRNA WEE2 antisense RNA 1 (WEE2-AS1) in arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is not completely understood. The present study aimed to explore the function of lncRNA WEE2-AS1 in human vascular endothelial cells. The results indicated that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 was significantly elevated in plasma and artery tissue samples of patients with ASO compared with healthy controls. The fluorescence in situ hybridization results suggested that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay results suggested that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 knockdown significantly promoted HUVEC viability, whereas lncRNA WEE2-AS1 overexpression inhibited HUVEC viability compared with the negative control groups. Furthermore, analysis of the cell cycle by flow cytometry indicated that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 knockdown significantly decreased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase compared with the negative control group. However, lncRNA WEE2-AS1 overexpression had no significant effect on cell cycle distribution compared with the negative control group. The western blotting results indicated that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 knockdown significantly reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated cyclin dependent kinase 1, WEE1 homolog 2 and myelin transcription factor 1, but increased the expression level of cell division cycle 25B compared with the negative control group. lncRNA WEE2-AS1 overexpression displayed the opposite effect on protein expression. Collectively, the present study suggested that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 was significantly upregulated in ASO and may serve a role in regulating human vascular endothelial cell viability. Further investigation into lncRNA WEE2-AS1 may broaden the current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying ASO, and aid with the identification of specific probes and precise targeted drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zefei Lin
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jieyi Ma
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jin Cui
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- National‑Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Vascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Wen Li
- National‑Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Vascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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13
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Patmore S, Dhami SPS, O'Sullivan JM. Von Willebrand factor and cancer; metastasis and coagulopathies. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2444-2456. [PMID: 32573945 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric procoagulant plasma glycoprotein that mediates platelet adhesion along the endothelium. In addition to its role maintaining normal hemostasis, more recently novel biological functions for VWF have been described, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Significantly increased plasma VWF levels have been reported across a variety of cancer patient cohorts. Given that VWF is established as a risk factor for venous thrombosis, this is of direct clinical importance. Moreover, elevated VWF has also been observed localized within the tumor microenvironment, correlating with advanced disease stage and poorer clinical outcome. Critically, evidence suggests that elevated VWF levels in cancer patients may not only contribute to cancer associated coagulopathies but may also mediate cancer progression and metastasis. Studies have shown that VWF can promote pro-inflammatory signaling, regulate angiogenesis and vascular permeability, which may facilitate tumor cell growth and extravasation across the vessel wall. Endothelial secreted VWF multimers contribute to the adhesion and transendothelial migration of tumor cells key for tumor dissemination. In support of this, VWF inhibition attenuated metastasis in vivo. Perhaps most intriguingly, specific tumor cells have been reported to acquire de novo VWF expression which increases tumor-platelet heteroaggregates and confers enhanced metastatic activity. Current knowledge on the roles of VWF in cancer and in particular its contribution to metastasis and cancer associated coagulopathies is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Patmore
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sukhraj Pal S Dhami
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M O'Sullivan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Karahoda R, Abad C, Horackova H, Kastner P, Zaugg J, Cerveny L, Kucera R, Albrecht C, Staud F. Dynamics of Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in Human Placenta and Placental-Derived Cells: Effect of Gestation Age and Trophoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574034. [PMID: 33072756 PMCID: PMC7530341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and a precursor of several physiologically active metabolites. In the placenta, the serotonin and kynurenine metabolic pathways of tryptophan metabolism have been identified, giving rise to various molecules of neuroactive or immunoprotective properties, such as serotonin, melatonin, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, or quinolinic acid. Current literature suggests that optimal levels of these molecules in the fetoplacental unit are crucial for proper placenta functions, fetal development and programming. Placenta is a unique endocrine organ that, being equipped with a battery of biotransformation enzymes and transporters, precisely orchestrates homeostasis of tryptophan metabolic pathways. However, because pregnancy is a dynamic process and placental/fetal needs are continuously changing throughout gestation, placenta must adapt to these changes and ensure proper communication in the feto-placental unit. Therefore, in this study we investigated alterations of placental tryptophan metabolic pathways throughout gestation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of 21 selected genes was carried out in first trimester (n = 13) and term (n = 32) placentas. Heatmap analysis with hierarchical clustering revealed differential gene expression of serotonin and kynurenine pathways across gestation. Subsequently, digital droplet PCR, Western blot, and functional analyses of the rate-limiting enzymes suggest preferential serotonin synthesis early in pregnancy with a switch to kynurenine production toward term. Correspondingly, increased function and/or protein expression of serotonin degrading enzyme and transporters at term indicates efficient placental uptake and metabolic degradation of serotonin. Lastly, gene expression analysis in choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (BeWo, BeWo b30, JEG-3) revealed dissimilar expression patterns and divergent effect of syncytialization compared to primary trophoblast cells isolated from human term placentas; these findings show that the commonly used in vitro placental models are not suitable to study placental handling of tryptophan. Altogether, our data provide the first comprehensive evidence of changes in placental homeostasis of tryptophan and its metabolites as a function of gestational age, which is critical for proper placental function and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Hana Horackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Cerveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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15
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Bi Y, Shirure VS, Liu R, Cunningham C, Ding L, Meacham JM, Goedegebuure SP, George SC, Fields RC. Tumor-on-a-chip platform to interrogate the role of macrophages in tumor progression. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:221-232. [PMID: 32930334 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, in particular macrophages, play an important role in tumor behavior and clinical outcome. The spectrum of macrophage subtypes ranges from antitumor 'M1'-type to protumor 'M2'-type macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) typically display phenotypic features of both M1 and M2, and the population distribution is thought to be dynamic and evolves as the tumor progresses. However, our understanding of how TAMs impact the tumor microenvironment remains limited by the lack of appropriate 3D in vitro models that can capture cell-cell dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. Using our recently developed microphysiological 'tumor-on-a-chip' (TOC) device, we present here our findings on the impact of defined macrophage subsets on tumor behavior. The TOC device design contains three adjacent and connected chambers in which both the upper and lower chambers are loaded with tumor cells, whereas the central chamber contains a dynamic, perfused, living microvascular network. Introduction of human pancreatic or colorectal cancer cells together with M1-polarized macrophages significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Protein analysis and antibody-based neutralization studies confirmed that these effects were mediated through production of C-X-C motif chemokines (CXCL9), CXCL10 and CXCL11. By contrast, M2-macrophages mediated increased tumor cell migration into the vascularized chamber and did not inhibit tumor growth or angiogenesis. In fact, single-cell RNA sequencing showed that M2 macrophages further segregated endothelial cells into two distinct subsets, corresponding to static cells in vessels versus active cells involved in angiogenesis. The impact of M2 macrophages was mediated mostly by production of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and angiopoietin 2. In summary, our data demonstrate the utility of the TOC device to mechanistically probe biological questions in a 3D in vitro microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Venktesh S Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ruiyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Cassandra Cunningham
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - J Mark Meacham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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16
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Kimura M, Yamasaki M, Satoh H, Uchida N. Repeatable and objective method for evaluating angiogenesis using real-time RT-PCR of endoglin expression in canine tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:34-43. [PMID: 32592434 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is a cancer treatment strategy targeting new blood vessel formation. Microvessel density (MVD) is a histopathological method for evaluating angiogenesis and endoglin is used as an activated endothelial marker in human medicine. The assessment of the treatment effect using MVD is difficult because it is a non-repeatable method. To develop a repeatable method for evaluating angiogenesis, we investigated correlations among MVD, mRNA transcription levels of endothelial markers and angiogenesis factors, and confirmed the agreement of mRNA transcription levels between tissue samples and small samples obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA). The various types of spontaneous tumours were collected from 51 dogs. MVD was assessed by immunostaining for von Willebrand factor (vWF). mRNA transcription levels of vWF, endoglin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) were analysed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). There were significant correlations between MVD and mRNA transcription levels of vWF, endoglin and VEGFR2. VEGFR2 was more strongly correlated with endoglin (P <.01, Rs = 0.649) than vWF (P <.01, Rs = 0.512), indicating that angiogenesis can be evaluated more accurately by the measurement of mRNA transcription levels of endoglin. The mRNA transcription levels in tissue and FNA samples were strongly correlated, suggesting that evaluating angiogenesis using FNA samples is possible. In conclusion, we developed a repeatable and objective method for angiogenesis evaluation using mRNA transcription levels of endothelial markers by FNA sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Kimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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17
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Mahmoudi Asl M, Rahbarghazi R, Beheshti R, Alihemmati A, Aliparasti MR, Abedelahi A. Effects of Different Vitrification Solutions and Protocol on Follicular Ultrastructure and Revascularization of Autografted Mouse Ovarian Tissue. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:491-501. [PMID: 32347043 PMCID: PMC7211277 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Many attempts have been made to preserve fertility by improving the cryopreservation of the ovarian tissue.
This current studyaimed to improve of direct cover vitrification (DCV) protocol on follicular preservation and angiogenesis in
autografted ovarian tissue.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, sixty five female Balb/c mice (5-6 week-old) were anesthetized and
their ovaries were dissected. The left ovaries were vitrified by DCV solution, thawed by descending concentrations of
sucrose, and then autografted subcutaneously. The right ovaries were autografted with no vitrification procedure prior
to transplantation. The animals were sacrificed under anesthesia on the 7thday after transplantation to obtain ovarian
tissue. Follicular quality was assessed by histological and ultrastructure observations, and angiogenesis was examined
by immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
Results The histological and ultrastructure features of the follicles preserved well after vitrification of the ovarian tissue
by 10% ethylene glycol (EG) and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Revascularizationwas manifested prominently in the
DCV1-vitrified/grafted ovaries by von Willebrand factor (vWF) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunostaining.
The ovarian tissue vitrified in DCV1 protocol had higher expression levels of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 7 days after autotransplantation (P<0.01).
Conclusion These findings suggest that DCV with 10% of both EG and DMSO, is an effective cryopreservation
solution for preservation of good quality follicles as well an upregulation of angiogenic factors after ovarian tissue
transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahim Beheshti
- Department of Veterinary, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic Adress:
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18
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Tsiapalis D, O’Driscoll L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. Cells 2020; 9:E991. [PMID: 32316248 PMCID: PMC7226943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being extensively investigated for their potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs may be manifest by their released extracellular vesicles (EVs); typically not requiring the administration of MSCs. This evidence, predominantly from pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies, suggests that MSC-EVs may exhibit substantial therapeutic properties in many pathophysiological conditions, potentially restoring an extensive range of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. These benefits of MSC EVs are apparently found, regardless of the anatomical or body fluid origin of the MSCs (and include e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, urine, etc). Furthermore, early indications suggest that the favourable effects of MSC-EVs could be further enhanced by modifying the way in which the donor MSCs are cultured (for example, in hypoxic compared to normoxic conditions, in 3D compared to 2D culture formats) and/or if the EVs are subsequently bio-engineered (for example, loaded with specific cargo). So far, few human clinical trials of MSC-EVs have been conducted and questions remain unanswered on whether the heterogeneous population of EVs is beneficial or some specific sub-populations, how best we can culture and scale-up MSC-EV production and isolation for clinical utility, and in what format they should be administered. However, as reviewed here, there is now substantial evidence supporting the use of MSC-EVs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and further research to establish how best to exploit this approach for societal and economic benefit is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorraine O’Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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19
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Yeh YC, Liu TJ, Lai HC. Pathobiological Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide via Apoptosis, Necrosis and Senescence in a Rat Model. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:368-382. [PMID: 32132872 PMCID: PMC7053353 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.40255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is one of the underlying causes for vascular diseases. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), a short-chain lipid hydroperoxide analog, has been reported to cause adverse effects in different systems. However, the adverse actions of t-BHP on inducing endothelial dysfunction are unclear and remain under investigation. Aim of the present study was to identify the pathobiological mechanisms of t-BHP in rat aortic endothelial cells and thoracic aorta. Methods: Primary cultured cells were treated with vehicle or t-BHP (50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 μM). Cells were harvested and specific analyses regarding cellular apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence were conducted. Additionally, t-BHP (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol/kg body weight) or vehicle were administered to male rats (the young group at 6 weeks of age and the mature adult group at 24 weeks of age) daily through intraperitoneal injections. At 10 days after the first drug treatment apoptotic endothelial toxicity was evaluated by biochemical, histological, and immunofluorescent staining analyses. Results: Dose-dependent effects of t-BHP were observed for the reduction of cell viability, deterioration of cell toxicity, initiation of cell cycle arrest, and triggering of apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, increase of cells stained positive for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), amelioration of telomerase activity, and precipitations of necrotic, cell cycle, and apoptotic signaling regulatory proteins were also found in the in vitro model. In the in vivo study, results indicated that t-BHP at higher doses enlarged the intima-medial thickness of descending aorta in the mature adult group, but led to aortic narrowing in the young group. Increased injuries were observed by upregulating endothelial apoptosis- and senescence-positive staining, along with caspase-3 activity and down-regulating telomerase activity. Conclusion: These results confirmed that t-BHP impaired aortic endothelial cell survival at least partially by the activation of p53-mediated signaling pathways, inhibition of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and initiation of cellular senescence-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, t-BHP was found to be a major trigger for impairing aortic endothelial cell survival and deteriorating vascular dysfunction in experimental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chiao Yeh
- Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nanhua University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jui Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chin Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Tremoen NH, Van Son M, Andersen-Ranberg I, Grindflek E, Myromslien FD, Gaustad AH, Våge DI. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms within candidate genes and fertility in Landrace and Duroc pigs. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:58. [PMID: 31796051 PMCID: PMC6888942 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding effective predictors of traits related to boar fertility is essential for increasing the efficiency of artificial insemination systems in pig breeding. The objective of this study was to find associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes and fertility in the breeds Landrace and Duroc. Animals with breeding values for total number of piglets born, were re-sequenced for exonic regions of 14 candidate genes related to male and female fertility using samples from 16 Landrace boars and 16 Duroc boars (four with high and four with low breeding value of total number of piglets born for each breed for male fertility, and the same for female fertility) to detect genetic variants. Genotyping for the detected SNPs was done in 619 Landrace boars and 513 Duroc boars. Two SNPs in BMPR1 and one SNP in COX-2 were found significantly associated with the total number of piglets born in Landrace. In Duroc, two SNPs in PLCz, one SNP in VWF and one SNP in ZP3 were found significantly associated with total number of piglets born. These SNPs explained between 0.27% and 1.18% of the genetic variance. These effects are too low for being used directly for selection purposes but can be of interest in SNP-panels used for genomic selection.
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21
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Seo YS, Ko IO, Park H, Jeong YJ, Park JA, Kim KS, Park MJ, Lee HJ. Radiation-Induced Changes in Tumor Vessels and Microenvironment Contribute to Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1259. [PMID: 31803626 PMCID: PMC6873882 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a largely fatal and highly angiogenic malignancy with a median patient survival of just over 1 year with radiotherapy (RT). The effects of RT on GBM remain unclear, although increasing evidence suggests that RT-induced alterations in the brain microenvironment affect the recurrence and aggressiveness of GBM. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM are resistant to conventional therapies, including RT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of radiation on tumor growth and the GSC microenvironment in a mouse model of glioma. To evaluate the growth-inhibitory effects of ionizing radiation on GSCs, tumor volume was measured via anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the intracranial injection of 1 × 104 human patient-derived GSCs (83NS cells), which exhibit marked radioresistance. When a tumor mass of ~5 mm3 was detected in each animal, 10 Gy of cranial irradiation was administered. Tumor progression was observed in the orthotopic xenografted GSC tumor (primary tumor) from a detectable tumor mass (5 mm3) to a lethal tumor mass (78 mm3) in ~7 d in the non-irradiated group. In the RT group, tumor growth was halted for almost 2 weeks after administering 10 Gy cranial irradiation, with tumor growth resuming thereafter and eventually approaching a lethal mass (56 mm3) 21 d after radiation. Radiation therapy yielded good therapeutic effects, with a 2-fold increase in GSC glioma survival; however, tumor relapse after RT resulted in higher mortality for the mice with a smaller tumor volume (p = 0.029) than the non-irradiated tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, tumor regrowth after IR resulted in different phenotypes associated with glioma aggressiveness compared with the non-irradiated mice; the apparent diffusion coefficient by diffusion MRI decreased significantly (p < 0.05, 0 Gy vs. 10 Gy) alongside decreased angiogenesis, abnormal vascular dilatation, and upregulated CD34, VWF, AQP1, and AQP4 expression in the tumor. These findings demonstrate that radiation affects GSCs in GBM, potentially resulting in therapeutic resistance by changing the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the results of this study suggest potential therapeutic targets for overcoming the resistance of GBMs to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Soo Seo
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea.,Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - In Ok Ko
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Ye Ji Jeong
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
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Hsu CY, Salazar MG, Miller S, Meyers C, Ding C, Hardy W, Péault B, James AW. Comparison of Human Tissue Microarray to Human Pericyte Transcriptome Yields Novel Perivascular Cell Markers. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1214-1223. [PMID: 31264500 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human perivascular progenitor cells, including pericytes, are well-described multipotent mesenchymal cells giving rise to mesenchymal stem cells in culture. Despite the unique location of pericytes, specific antigens to distinguish human pericytes from other cell types are few. Here, we employed a human tissue microarray (Human Protein Atlas) to identify proteins that are strongly and specifically expressed in a pericytic location within human adipose tissue. Next, these results were cross-referenced with RNA sequencing data from human adipose tissue pericytes, as defined as a fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) purified CD146+CD34-CD31-CD45- cell population. Results showed that from 105,532 core biopsies of soft tissue, 229 proteins showed strong and specific perivascular immunoreactivity, the majority of which (155) were present in the tunica intima. Next, cross-referencing with the transcriptome of FACS-derived CD146+ pericytes yielded 25 consistently expressed genes/proteins, including 18 novel antigens. A majority of these transcripts showed maintained expression after culture propagation (56% of genes). Interestingly, many novel antigens within pericytes are regulators of osteogenic differentiation. In sum, our study demonstrates the existence of novel pericyte markers, some of which are conserved in culture that may be useful for future efforts to typify, isolate, and characterize human pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yun Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mario Gomez Salazar
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Miller
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catherine Ding
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Winters Hardy
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruno Péault
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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23
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Banerjee J, Seetharaman S, Wrice NL, Christy RJ, Natesan S. Delivery of silver sulfadiazine and adipose derived stem cells using fibrin hydrogel improves infected burn wound regeneration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217965. [PMID: 31194776 PMCID: PMC6563979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection control is necessary for improved burn wound regeneration. In this study contact burn wounds were induced on the dorsum of the rats and were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (107cfu/ml of saline) and left overnight (12-14 hours) to establish the infection. After 12 hours, the wounds were treated with PEGylated fibrin hydrogel containing 50 mgs of silver sulfadiazine (SSD) loaded chitosan microsphere (SSD-CSM-FPEG). On day 9, SSD-CSM-FPEG treated burn wounds further received adipose derived stem cell (5×104 ASCs cells/ml) embedded in PEGylated fibrin hydrogel. Wounds were assessed for the healing outcomes such as neovascularization, granulation tissue formation, wound closure and collagen maturation. Analysis of bacterial load in the burn wound biopsies, demonstrated that SSD-CSM-FPEG significantly reduced bacterial infection, while overt infection was still observed in the untreated groups on day 14. Sequential treatment of infected wounds with SSD-CSM-FPEG followed by ASC-FPEGs (SSD-CSM-ASC-FPEG) significantly reduced bacterial colonization (9 log reduction) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) expression. A significant increase in neovascularization markers; NG2 and vWF was also observed. Histological analysis indicated the wounds treated with SSD-CSM-ASC-FPEG increased amount of dermal collagen matrix deposition, a thicker granulation tissue on day 21 and more mature collagen on day 28. This work demonstrates that the sequential treatment of infected burn wounds with SSD-CSM-FPEG followed by ASC-FPEG reduces bacterial infection as well as promotes neo-vascularization with improved matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Banerjee
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shanmuganathan Seetharaman
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Wrice
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Christy
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Effects of Caffeine Treatment on Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Biliary Cirrhotic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071566. [PMID: 30925782 PMCID: PMC6480428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a lethal complication of cirrhosis characterized by hypoxia and overt intrapulmonary shunting. In this study, we investigated the effect of caffeine in rats with common bile duct ligation (CBDL)-induced liver cirrhosis and HPS. CBDL rats were randomly allocated to receive caffeine or vehicle for 14 days. On the 28th day after CBDL, mortality rate, hemodynamics, liver, and renal biochemistry parameters and arterial blood gas analysis were evaluated. Lung and liver were dissected for the evaluation of inflammation, angiogenesis and protein expressions. In another series with parallel groups, the intrapulmonary shunting was determined. Caffeine significantly reduced portal pressure (caffeine vs. control: 10.0 ± 3.7 vs. 17.0 ± 8.1 mmHg, p < 0.05) in CBDL rats. The mortality rate, mean arterial pressure, biochemistry data and hypoxia were similar between caffeine-treated and control groups. Caffeine alleviated liver fibrosis and intrahepatic angiogenesis but intrapulmonary inflammation and angiogenesis were not ameliorated. The hepatic VEGF/Rho-A protein expressions were down-regulated but the pulmonary inflammation- and angiogenesis-related protein expressions were not significantly altered by caffeine. Caffeine did not reduce the intrapulmonary shunting, either. Caffeine has been shown to significantly improve liver fibrosis, intrahepatic angiogenesis and portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats, however, it does not ameliorate HPS.
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25
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Corliss BA, Mathews C, Doty R, Rohde G, Peirce SM. Methods to label, image, and analyze the complex structural architectures of microvascular networks. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12520. [PMID: 30548558 PMCID: PMC6561846 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular networks play key roles in oxygen transport and nutrient delivery to meet the varied and dynamic metabolic needs of different tissues throughout the body, and their spatial architectures of interconnected blood vessel segments are highly complex. Moreover, functional adaptations of the microcirculation enabled by structural adaptations in microvascular network architecture are required for development, wound healing, and often invoked in disease conditions, including the top eight causes of death in the Unites States. Effective characterization of microvascular network architectures is not only limited by the available techniques to visualize microvessels but also reliant on the available quantitative metrics that accurately delineate between spatial patterns in altered networks. In this review, we survey models used for studying the microvasculature, methods to label and image microvessels, and the metrics and software packages used to quantify microvascular networks. These programs have provided researchers with invaluable tools, yet we estimate that they have collectively attained low adoption rates, possibly due to limitations with basic validation, segmentation performance, and nonstandard sets of quantification metrics. To address these existing constraints, we discuss opportunities to improve effectiveness, rigor, and reproducibility of microvascular network quantification to better serve the current and future needs of microvascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Corliss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Corbin Mathews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Richard Doty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gustavo Rohde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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26
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Clark K, Janorkar AV. Milieu for Endothelial Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5040082. [PMID: 30282912 PMCID: PMC6316606 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have been shown to differentiate down many lineages including endothelial lineage. We hypothesized that hASCs would more efficiently differentiate toward the endothelial lineage when formed as three-dimensional (3D) spheroids and with the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Three conditions were tested: uncoated tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) surfaces that induced a 2D monolayer formation; elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-collagen composite hydrogel scaffolds that induced encapsulated 3D spheroid culture; and ELP-polyethyleneimine-coated TCPS surfaces that induced 3D spheroid formation in scaffold-free condition. Cells were exposed to endothelial differentiation medium containing no additional VEGF or 20 and 50 ng/mL of VEGF for 7 days and assayed for viability and endothelial differentiation markers. While endothelial differentiation media supported endothelial differentiation of hASCs, our 3D spheroid cultures augmented this differentiation and produced more von Willebrand factor than 2D cultures. Likewise, 3D cultures were able to uptake LDL, whereas the 2D cultures were not. Higher concentrations of VEGF further enhanced differentiation. Establishing angiogenesis is a key factor in regenerative medicine. Future studies aim to elucidate how to produce physiological changes such as neoangiogenesis and sprouting of vessels which may enhance the survival of regenerated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Clark
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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27
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Kallol S, Huang X, Müller S, Ontsouka CE, Albrecht C. Novel Insights into Concepts and Directionality of Maternal⁻Fetal Cholesterol Transfer across the Human Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082334. [PMID: 30096856 PMCID: PMC6121295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is indispensable for cellular membrane composition and function. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, which promote, among others, the maturation of fetal organs. A role of the ATP-binding-cassette-transporter-A1 (ABCA1) in the transport of maternal cholesterol to the fetus was suggested by transferring cholesterol to apolipoprotein-A-1 (apo-A1), but the directionality of the apoA-1/ABCA1-dependent cholesterol transport remains unclear. We isolated primary trophoblasts from term placentae to test the hypotheses that (1) apoA-1/ABCA1 dispatches cholesterol mainly towards the fetus to support fetal developmental maturation at term, and (2) differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) exert higher cholesterol transport activity than undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts (CTB). As experimental models, we used (1) trophoblast monolayers grown on Transwell® system consisting of apical (maternal-like) and basal (fetal-like) compartments, and (2) trophoblasts grown on conventional culture plates at CTB and STB stages. Surprisingly, apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux operated almost exclusively at the apical-maternal side, where ABCA1 was also localized by immunofluorescence. We found greater cholesterol efflux capacity in STB, which was increased by liver-X-receptor agonist treatment and decreased by ABCA1 inhibition. We conclude that at term the apoA-1/ABCA1 pathway is rather involved in cholesterol transport to the mother than in transfer to the fully developed fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Kallol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Corneille Edgar Ontsouka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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28
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Randi AM, Smith KE, Castaman G. von Willebrand factor regulation of blood vessel formation. Blood 2018; 132:132-140. [PMID: 29866817 PMCID: PMC6182264 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-769018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several important physiological processes, from permeability to inflammation to hemostasis, take place at the vessel wall and are regulated by endothelial cells (ECs). Thus, proteins that have been identified as regulators of one process are increasingly found to be involved in other vascular functions. Such is the case for von Willebrand factor (VWF), a large glycoprotein best known for its critical role in hemostasis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that lack of VWF causes enhanced vascularization, both constitutively and following ischemia. This evidence is supported by studies on blood outgrowth EC (BOEC) from patients with lack of VWF synthesis (type 3 von Willebrand disease [VWD]). The molecular pathways are likely to involve VWF binding partners, such as integrin αvβ3, and components of Weibel-Palade bodies, such as angiopoietin-2 and galectin-3, whose storage is regulated by VWF; these converge on the master regulator of angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Recent studies suggest that the roles of VWF may be tissue specific. The ability of VWF to regulate angiogenesis has clinical implications for a subset of VWD patients with severe, intractable gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from vascular malformations. In this article, we review the evidence showing that VWF is involved in blood vessel formation, discuss the role of VWF high-molecular-weight multimers in regulating angiogenesis, and review the value of studies on BOEC in developing a precision medicine approach to validate novel treatments for angiodysplasia in congenital VWD and acquired von Willebrand syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Koval E Smith
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Giancarlo Castaman
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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29
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Salehi A, Jullienne A, Baghchechi M, Hamer M, Walsworth M, Donovan V, Tang J, Zhang JH, Pearce WJ, Obenaus A. Up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin expression is accompanied with vascular repair after traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:274-289. [PMID: 29160735 PMCID: PMC5951019 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17744124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that repairing the cerebral vasculature after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may help to improve functional recovery. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promotes blood vessel formation during vascular development, but its role in vascular repair after TBI remains elusive. In this study, we examined how the cerebral vasculature responds to TBI and the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vascular repair. We induced a moderate controlled cortical impact in adult mice and performed vessel painting to visualize the vascular alterations in the brain. Brain tissue around the injury site was assessed for β-catenin and vascular markers. A Wnt transgenic mouse line was utilized to evaluate Wnt gene expression. We report that TBI results in vascular loss followed by increases in vascular structure at seven days post injury (dpi). Immature, non-perfusing vessels were evident in the tissue around the injury site. β-catenin protein expression was significantly reduced in the injury site at 7 dpi. However, there was an increase in β-catenin expression in perilesional vessels at 1 and 7 dpi. Similarly, we found increased number of Wnt-GFP-positive vessels after TBI. Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin expression contributes to the vascular repair process after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjang Salehi
- 1 Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, 8790 University of California, Riverside , CA, USA.,2 Department of Pediatrics, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Amandine Jullienne
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mohsen Baghchechi
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mary Hamer
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mark Walsworth
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Donovan
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA.,5 Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA.,6 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - William J Pearce
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA.,7 Center for Perinatal Biology, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- 1 Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, 8790 University of California, Riverside , CA, USA.,2 Department of Pediatrics, 4608 Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA, USA.,3 Department of Pediatrics, 12219 University of California, Irvine , CA, USA
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30
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Pandey AK, Singhi EK, Arroyo JP, Ikizler TA, Gould ER, Brown J, Beckman JA, Harrison DG, Moslehi J. Mechanisms of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Inhibitor-Associated Hypertension and Vascular Disease. Hypertension 2017; 71:e1-e8. [PMID: 29279311 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Pandey
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Eric K Singhi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Talat Alp Ikizler
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Edward R Gould
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jonathan Brown
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joshua A Beckman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Javid Moslehi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.K.P., E.K.S., J.B., J.A.B., J.M.), Division of Nephrology (J.P.A., T.A.I., E.R.G.), Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (T.A.I.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology (D.G.H.) and Cardio-Oncology Program (J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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31
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Alfer J, Happel L, Dittrich R, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Gaumann A, Buck VU, Classen-Linke I. Insufficient Angiogenesis: Cause of Abnormally Thin Endometrium in Subfertile Patients? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017; 77:756-764. [PMID: 28729745 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated subfertile patients with abnormally thin endometrium after infertility treatment. As they had adequate serum concentrations of hormones, an endometrial factor for subfertility was suspected. METHODS To elucidate the cause of subfertility, endometrial biopsies were taken in each patient in the late proliferative and mid-secretory phases of one menstrual cycle. Endometrial biopsies from women with normal menstrual cycles and confirmed fertility who were undergoing hysterectomy for benign uterine disease were used as positive controls. The tissue samples were investigated for steroid hormone receptor expression and for the proliferation marker Ki-67. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against the marker molecules for endometrial receptivity - β 3 integrin, VEGF, LIF, and CD56 (large granular lymphocytes, LGLs). RESULTS The steroid hormone receptors for estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) were expressed normally (at the first biopsy) and were down-regulated (at the second biopsy) within the cycle. Strikingly, all of the marker molecules investigated showed negative or weak and inadequate expression in the mid-secretory phase. Numbers of LGLs remained as low as in the proliferative phase. In contrast, fertile patients were found to express these marker molecules distinctly in the mid-secretory phase. CONCLUSIONS It may be hypothesized that a severe deficiency of these angiogenesis-related marker molecules leads to defective development of the endometrium, which remains thin. Deficient angiogenetic development may thus provide an explanation for the endometrial factor that causes infertility. Further investigations will need to focus on identifying the regulating factors that act between steroid receptor activation and the expression of these marker molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Alfer
- Institute of Pathology, Kaufbeuren-Ravensburg, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Lars Happel
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, IVF-Saar, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ralf Dittrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gaumann
- Institute of Pathology, Kaufbeuren-Ravensburg, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Volker U Buck
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irmgard Classen-Linke
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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32
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Abstract
Objective Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by hypoxia in patients with chronic liver disease. The mechanism of HPS includes pulmonary vasodilatation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Prostaglandins synthesized by cyclooxygenases (COX) participate in vascular responsiveness, inflammation and angiogenesis, which can be modulated by COX inhibitors. We therefore evaluated the impact of COX inhibition in rats with common bile duct ligation (CBDL)-induced liver cirrhosis and HPS. Methods Cirrhotic rats were randomly allocated to receive non-selective COX inhibitor (indomethacin), selective COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560), or COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) for 14 days. After that, hemodynamic parameters, severity of hypoxia and intrapulmonary shunts, liver and renal biochemistry parameters, histological finding and protein expressions were evaluated. Results Non-selective COX inhibition by indomethacin improved hepatic fibrosis and pulmonary inflammation in cirrhotic rats with HPS. It also decreased mean arterial blood pressure, portal pressure, and alleviated hypoxia and intrapulmonary shunts. However, indomethacin increased mortality rate. In contrast, selective COX inhibitors neither affected hemodynamics nor increased mortality rate. Hypoxia was improved by SC-560 and celecoxib. In addition, SC-560 decreased intrapulmonary shunts, attenuated pulmonary inflammation and angiogenesis through down-regulating COX-, NFκB- and VEGF-mediated pathways. Conclusion Selective COX-1 inhibitor ameliorated HPS by mitigating hypoxia and intrapulmonary shunts, which are related to anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis.
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33
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Inflammation and vascular remodeling in the ventral hippocampus contributes to vulnerability to stress. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1160. [PMID: 28654094 PMCID: PMC5537643 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During exposure to chronic stress, some individuals engage in active coping behaviors that promote resiliency to stress. Other individuals engage in passive coping that is associated with vulnerability to stress and with anxiety and depression. In an effort to identify novel molecular mechanisms that underlie vulnerability or resilience to stress, we used nonbiased analyses of microRNAs in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to identify those miRNAs differentially expressed in active (long-latency (LL)/resilient) or passive (short-latency (SL)/vulnerable) rats following chronic social defeat. In the vHPC of active coping rats, miR-455-3p level was increased, while miR-30e-3p level was increased in the vHPC of passive coping rats. Pathway analyses identified inflammatory and vascular remodeling pathways as enriched by genes targeted by these microRNAs. Utilizing several independent markers for blood vessels, inflammatory processes and neural activity in the vHPC, we found that SL/vulnerable rats exhibit increased neural activity, vascular remodeling and inflammatory processes that include both increased blood-brain barrier permeability and increased number of microglia in the vHPC relative to control and resilient rats. To test the relevance of these changes for the development of the vulnerable phenotype, we used pharmacological approaches to determine the contribution of inflammatory processes in mediating vulnerability and resiliency. Administration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor-164 increased vulnerability to stress, while the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam attenuated vulnerability. Collectively, these results show that vulnerability to stress is determined by a re-designed neurovascular unit characterized by increased neural activity, vascular remodeling and pro-inflammatory mechanisms in the vHPC. These results suggest that dampening inflammatory processes by administering anti-inflammatory agents reduces vulnerability to stress. These results have translational relevance as they suggest that administration of anti-inflammatory agents may reduce the impact of stress or trauma in vulnerable individuals.
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Xu K, Shuai Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Gao C, Cao L, Hu F, Akaike T, Wang JX, Gu Z, Yang J. Human VE-Cadherin Fusion Protein as an Artificial Extracellular Matrix Enhancing the Proliferation and Differentiation Functions of Endothelial Cell. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:756-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Biomaterials
Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jian-xi Wang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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The impact of chronic intermittent hypoxia on hematopoiesis and the bone marrow microenvironment. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:919-32. [PMID: 26856724 PMCID: PMC4842224 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder which is associated with patient morbidity and an elevated risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. There is ample evidence for the involvement of bone marrow (BM) cells in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases but a connection between OSA and modulation of the BM microenvironment had not been established. Here, we studied how chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) affected hematopoiesis and the BM microenvironment, in a rat model of OSA. We show that CIH followed by normoxia increases the bone marrow hypoxic area, increases the number of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (CFU assay), promotes erythropoiesis, and increases monocyte counts. In the BM microenvironment of CIH-subjected animals, the number of VE-cadherin-expressing blood vessels, particularly sinusoids, increased, accompanied by increased smooth muscle cell coverage, while vWF-positive vessels decreased. Molecularly, we investigated the expression of endothelial cell-derived genes (angiocrine factors) that could explain the cellular phenotypes. Accordingly, we observed an increase in colony-stimulating factor 1, vascular endothelium growth factor, delta-like 4, and angiopoietin-1 expression. Our data shows that CIH induces vascular remodeling in the BM microenvironment, which modulates hematopoiesis, increasing erythropoiesis, and circulating monocytes. Our study reveals for the first time the effect of CIH in hematopoiesis and suggests that hematopoietic changes may occur in OSA patients.
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Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Tumor Cells Triggered by the Twist1-Jagged1-KLF4 Axis: Relationship between Cancer Stemness and Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:6439864. [PMID: 26823670 PMCID: PMC4707371 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6439864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with malignant biological phenotype including enhanced angiogenesis and metastasis. Hypoxia increases the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), which directly participates in angiogenesis by recruiting endothelial cells into hypoxic area and stimulating their proliferation, for increasing vascular density. Recent research in tumor biology has focused on the model in which tumor-derived endothelial cells arise from tumor stem-like cells, but the detailed mechanism is not clear. Twist1, an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), has been shown to mediate tumor metastasis and induce tumor angiogenesis. Notch signaling has been demonstrated to be an important player in vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) is a factor commonly used for the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. KLF4 also plays an important role in the differentiation of endothelial cells. Although Twist1 is known as a master regulator of mesoderm development, it is unknown whether Twist1 could be involved in endothelial transdifferentiation of tumor-derived cells. This review focuses on the role of Twist1-Jagged1/Notch-KLF4 axis on tumor-derived endothelial transdifferentiation, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancer stemness.
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Kazmers NH, McKenzie JA, Shen TS, Long F, Silva MJ. Hedgehog signaling mediates woven bone formation and vascularization during stress fracture healing. Bone 2015; 81:524-532. [PMID: 26348666 PMCID: PMC4640972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical in developmental osteogenesis, and recent studies suggest it may also play a role in regulating osteogenic gene expression in the post-natal setting. However, there is a void of studies directly assessing the effect of Hh inhibition on post-natal osteogenesis. This study utilized a cyclic loading-induced ulnar stress fracture model to evaluate the hypothesis that Hh signaling contributes to osteogenesis and angiogenesis during stress fracture healing. Immediately prior to loading, adult rats were given GDC-0449 (Vismodegib - a selective Hh pathway inhibitor; 50mg/kg orally twice daily), or vehicle. Hh signaling was upregulated in response to stress fracture at 3 days (Ptch1, Gli1 expression), and was markedly inhibited by GDC-0449 at 1 day and 3 days in the loaded and non-loaded ulnae. GDC-0449 did not affect Hh ligand expression (Shh, Ihh, Dhh) at 1 day, but decreased Shh expression by 37% at 3 days. GDC-0449 decreased woven bone volume (-37%) and mineral density (-17%) at 7 days. Dynamic histomorphometry revealed that the 7 day callus was composed predominantly of woven bone in both groups. The observed reduction in woven bone occurred concomitantly with decreased expression of Alpl and Ibsp, but was not associated with differences in early cellular proliferation (as determined by callus PCNA staining at 3 days), osteoblastic differentiation (Osx expression at 1 day and 3 days), chondrogenic gene expression (Acan, Sox9, and Col2α1 expression at 1 day and 3 days), or bone resorption metrics (callus TRAP staining at 3 days, Rankl and Opg expression at 1 day and 3 days). To evaluate angiogenesis, vWF immunohistochemistry showed that GDC-0449 reduced fracture callus blood vessel density by 55% at 3 days, which was associated with increased Hif1α gene expression (+30%). Dynamic histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that GDC-0449 also inhibited lamellar bone formation. Lamellar bone analysis of the loaded limb (directly adjacent to the woven bone callus) showed that GDC-0449 significantly decreased mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) (-17% and -20%, respectively). Lamellar BFR/BS in the non-loaded ulna was also significantly decreased (-37%), indicating that Hh signaling was required for normal bone modeling. In conclusion, Hh signaling plays an important role in post-natal osteogenesis in the setting of stress fracture healing, mediating its effects directly through regulation of bone formation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas H Kazmers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jennifer A McKenzie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tony S Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Tome ME, Schaefer CP, Jacobs LM, Zhang Y, Herndon JM, Matty FO, Davis TP. Identification of P-glycoprotein co-fractionating proteins and specific binding partners in rat brain microvessels. J Neurochem 2015; 134:200-10. [PMID: 25832806 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain for the treatment of pathologies with a CNS component is a significant clinical challenge. P-glycoprotein (PgP), a drug efflux pump in the endothelial cell membrane, is a major factor in preventing therapeutics from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Identifying PgP regulatory mechanisms is key to developing agents to modulate PgP activity. Previously, we found that PgP trafficking was altered concomitant with increased PgP activity and disassembly of high molecular weight PgP-containing complexes during acute peripheral inflammatory pain. These data suggest that PgP activity is post-translationally regulated at the BBB. The goal of the current study was to identify proteins that co-localize with PgP in rat brain microvessel endothelial cell membrane microdomains and use the data to suggest potential regulatory mechanisms. Using new density gradients of microvessel homogenates, we identified two unique pools (1,2) of PgP in membrane fractions. Caveolar constituents, caveolin1, cavin1, and cavin2, co-localized with PgP in these fractions indicating the two pools contained caveolae. A chaperone (Hsc71), protein disulfide isomerase and endosomal/lysosomal sorting proteins (Rab5, Rab11a) also co-fractionated with PgP in the gradients. These data suggest signaling pathways with a potential role in post-translational regulation of PgP activity at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Tome
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Charles P Schaefer
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Leigh M Jacobs
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joseph M Herndon
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Fabian O Matty
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Hoffman MR, Glab R, Gunderson M, Maytag AL, Yang DT, Jiang JJ, Dailey SH. Functional and Histological Evaluation following Canine Vocal Fold Reconstruction Using Composite Thyroid Ala Perichondrium Flaps. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 153:79-87. [PMID: 25883099 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815578824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESES We evaluated the effects of vocal fold reconstruction using a composite thyroid ala perichondrium flap (CTAP) after unilateral vocal fold stripping in beagles. We hypothesized that CTAP would improve glottic closure, decrease phonation threshold pressure, and decrease perturbation. In addition, vocal folds with CTAP would exhibit neovascularization and fat with increased von Willebrand factor (vWF) and smooth muscle actin (SMA), reflecting neoangiogenesis and flap viability. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial using beagles. SETTING University laboratory. METHODS Ten beagles underwent unilateral vocal fold stripping. Dogs in the scar-only group (n = 5) were sacrificed at 1 month. Dogs in the CTAP group (n = 5) underwent ipsilateral reconstruction with CTAP at 1 month and were sacrificed at 2 months. Excised larynx experiments evaluated vocal fold vibration using aerodynamic, acoustic, and mucosal wave measurements. Qualitative evaluation of vocal fold morphology and quantitative analysis of elastin, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, vWF, SMA, and hyaluronic acid were performed. RESULTS Phonation threshold pressure (P = .005), percent jitter (P = .010), percent shimmer (P = .007), and open quotient (P = .007) were lower in the CTAP group. Neovascularization (P = .0079) and fat (P = .1667) occurred more with CTAP, although the difference in fat was not significant. von Willebrand factor was higher with CTAP vs contralateral normal fold (P = .110), although not statistically significant. Smooth muscle actin was higher with CTAP vs contralateral normal fold (P = .038) and scarred vocal folds (P = .022). CONCLUSIONS Composite thyroid ala perichondrium flap restored glottic closure and vibratory periodicity following vocal fold scarring. Additional investigation on biologic response is warranted. Composite thyroid ala perichondrium flap offers an autologous, vascularized implant that can improve both vocal fold structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Glab
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - McLean Gunderson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allison L Maytag
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David T Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jack J Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seth H Dailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Yang X, Sun HJ, Li ZR, Zhang H, Yang WJ, Ni B, Wu YZ. Gastric cancer-associated enhancement of von Willebrand factor is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and related to disease severity. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:80. [PMID: 25886574 PMCID: PMC4340498 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Yet, the expression pattern of vWF in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues and its relation to clinicopathological features of these cases remains unknown. METHODS Tumor and 5-cm adjacent non-tumoral parenchyma specimens were collected from 99 patients with GC (early stages I/II and late stages III/IV), and normal specimens were collected from 32 healthy controls (reference group). Plasma vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) and vWF activity were assessed by ELISA. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in differential vWF expression was investigated using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). vWF and VEGF protein and mRNA expression levels were investigated by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively. The correlation of IHC-detected vWF expression with patient clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS Compared to the reference group, the patients with late GC showed significantly higher levels of vWF:Ag (72% (21-115) vs. 101% (40-136)) and vWF activity (62% (20-112) vs. 117% (33-169)) (both P < 0.001). The GC tumor tissues also showed higher vWF mRNA and protein levels than the adjacent non-tumoral parenchyma. Patients at late GC stage had significantly higher median number of vWF-positive cells than patients at early GC stage (P < 0.05). VEGF induced vWF mRNA and protein expression in HUVECs in dose- and time-dependent manners. Patients with late GC stage also had significantly higher serum VEGF than patients at early GC stage (23 ± 26 vs. 10 ± 12 pg/mL, P < 0.01). Most of the undifferentiated GC tumor tissues at late disease stage exhibited strong VEGF and VEGFR2 protein staining, which co-localized with the vWF protein staining pattern. CONCLUSIONS GC-related plasma vWF:Ag and vWF activity levels become substantially elevated in the late stage of disease. The higher mRNA and protein expression of vWF in GC tumor stroma may be regulated by the VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway in vitro and may contribute to GC progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Hai-jian Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Zhi-rong Li
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Wei-jun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550002, PR China.
| | - Bing Ni
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Yu-zhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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Drew JE, Farquharson AJ, Mayer CD, Vase HF, Coates PJ, Steele RJ, Carey FA. Predictive gene signatures: molecular markers distinguishing colon adenomatous polyp and carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113071. [PMID: 25423035 PMCID: PMC4244109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers exhibit abnormal molecular signatures associated with disease initiation and progression. Molecular signatures could improve cancer screening, detection, drug development and selection of appropriate drug therapies for individual patients. Typically only very small amounts of tissue are available from patients for analysis and biopsy samples exhibit broad heterogeneity that cannot be captured using a single marker. This report details application of an in-house custom designed GenomeLab System multiplex gene expression assay, the hCellMarkerPlex, to assess predictive gene signatures of normal, adenomatous polyp and carcinoma colon tissue using archived tissue bank material. The hCellMarkerPlex incorporates twenty-one gene markers: epithelial (EZR, KRT18, NOX1, SLC9A2), proliferation (PCNA, CCND1, MS4A12), differentiation (B4GANLT2, CDX1, CDX2), apoptotic (CASP3, NOX1, NTN1), fibroblast (FSP1, COL1A1), structural (ACTG2, CNN1, DES), gene transcription (HDAC1), stem cell (LGR5), endothelial (VWF) and mucin production (MUC2). Gene signatures distinguished normal, adenomatous polyp and carcinoma. Individual gene targets significantly contributing to molecular tissue types, classifier genes, were further characterised using real-time PCR, in-situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry revealing aberrant epithelial expression of MS4A12, LGR5 CDX2, NOX1 and SLC9A2 prior to development of carcinoma. Identified gene signatures identify aberrant epithelial expression of genes prior to cancer development using in-house custom designed gene expression multiplex assays. This approach may be used to assist in objective classification of disease initiation, staging, progression and therapeutic responses using biopsy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice E. Drew
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew J. Farquharson
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
| | - Claus Dieter Mayer
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
| | - Hollie F. Vase
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
| | - Philip J. Coates
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SU, Scotland
| | - Robert J. Steele
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SU, Scotland
| | - Francis A. Carey
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SU, Scotland
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Yabluchanskiy A, Ma Y, Chiao YA, Lopez EF, Voorhees AP, Toba H, Hall ME, Han HC, Lindsey ML, Jin YF. Cardiac aging is initiated by matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1398-407. [PMID: 24658018 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00090.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is linked to increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and extracellular matrix turnover, as well as a decline in function of the left ventricle (LV). Previously, we demonstrated that C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice > 18 mo of age show impaired diastolic function, which was attenuated by MMP-9 deletion. To evaluate mechanisms that initiate the development of cardiac dysfunction, we compared the LVs of 6-9- and 15-18-mo-old WT and MMP-9 null (Null) mice. All groups showed similar LV function by echocardiography, indicating that dysfunction had not yet developed in the older group. Myocyte nuclei numbers and cross-sectional areas increased in both WT and Null 15-18-mo mice compared with young controls, indicating myocyte hypertrophy. Myocyte hypertrophy leads to an increased oxygen demand, and both WT and Null 15-18-mo mice showed an increase in angiogenic signaling. Plasma proteomic profiling and LV analysis revealed a threefold increase in von Willebrand factor and fivefold increase in vascular endothelial growth factor in WT 15-18-mo mice, which were further elevated in Null mice. In contrast to the upregulation of angiogenic stimulating factors, actual LV vessel numbers increased only in the 15-18-mo Null LV. The 15-18-mo WT showed amplified expression of inflammatory genes related to angiogenesis, including C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)7, CCR10, interleukin (IL)-1f8, IL-13, and IL-20 (all, P < 0.05), and these increases were blunted by MMP-9 deletion (all, P < 0.05). To measure vascular permeability as an index of endothelial function, we injected mice with FITC-labeled dextran. The 15-18-mo WT LV showed increased vascular permeability compared with young WT controls and 15-18-mo Null mice. Combined, our findings revealed that MMP-9 deletion improves angiogenesis, attenuates inflammation, and prevents vascular leakiness in the setting of cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yonggang Ma
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Andrew P Voorhees
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hiroe Toba
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael E Hall
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center; Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Hai-Chao Han
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Quantitative proteomics in resected renal cancer tissue for biomarker discovery and profiling. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1622-33. [PMID: 24548857 PMCID: PMC3960606 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteomics-based approaches for biomarker discovery are promising strategies used in cancer research. We present state-of-art label-free quantitative proteomics method to assess proteome of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared with noncancer renal tissues. Methods: Fresh frozen tissue samples from eight primary RCC lesions and autologous adjacent normal renal tissues were obtained from surgically resected tumour-bearing kidneys. Proteins were extracted by complete solubilisation of tissues using filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) method. Trypsin digested proteins were analysed using quantitative label-free proteomics approach followed by data interpretation and pathways analysis. Results: A total of 1761 proteins were identified and quantified with high confidence (MASCOT ion score threshold of 35 and P-value <0.05). Of these, 596 proteins were identified as differentially expressed between cancer and noncancer tissues. Two upregulated proteins in tumour samples (adipose differentiation-related protein and Coronin 1A) were further validated by immunohistochemistry. Pathway analysis using IPA, KOBAS 2.0, DAVID functional annotation and FLink tools showed enrichment of many cancer-related biological processes and pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and amino acid synthetic pathways. Conclusions: Our study identified a number of differentially expressed proteins and pathways using label-free proteomics approach in RCC compared with normal tissue samples. Two proteins validated in this study are the focus of on-going research in a large cohort of patients.
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Fan F, Sun CW, Maier KG, Williams JM, Pabbidi MR, Didion SP, Falck JR, Zhuo J, Roman RJ. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid contributes to the inhibition of K+ channel activity and vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II in rat renal microvessels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82482. [PMID: 24324797 PMCID: PMC3853207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) contributes to the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) in renal microvessels by preventing activation of the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. ANG II increased the production of 20-HETE in rat renal microvessels. This response was attenuated by the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors, 17-ODYA and HET0016, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor AACOF3, and the AT1 receptor blocker, Losartan, but not by the AT2 receptor blocker, PD123319. ANG II (10-11 to 10-6 M) dose-dependently decreased the diameter of renal microvessels by 41 ± 5%. This effect was blocked by 17-ODYA. ANG II (10-7 M) did not alter KCa channel activity recorded from cell-attached patches on renal VSM cells under control conditions. However, it did reduce the NPo of the KCa channel by 93.4 ± 3.1% after the channels were activated by increasing intracellular calcium levels with ionomycin. The inhibitory effect of ANG II on KCa channel activity in the presence of ionomycin was attenuated by 17-ODYA, AACOF3, and the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122. ANG II induced a peak followed by a steady-state increase in intracellular calcium concentration in renal VSM cells. 17-ODYA (10-5 M) had no effect on the peak response, but it blocked the steady-state increase. These results indicate that ANG II stimulates the formation of 20-HETE in rat renal microvessels via the AT1 receptor activation and that 20-HETE contributes to the vasoconstrictor response to ANG II by blocking activation of KCa channel and facilitating calcium entry.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/metabolism
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- Male
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phospholipases A2/metabolism
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/antagonists & inhibitors
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Angiotensin/genetics
- Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism
- Renal Circulation/drug effects
- Renal Circulation/physiology
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Wen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kristopher G. Maier
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Jan M. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Malikarjuna R. Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Sean P. Didion
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - John R. Falck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jialong Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Olyslaegers DAJ, Desmarets LMB, Dedeurwaerder A, Dewerchin HL, Nauwynck HJ. Generation and characterization of feline arterial and venous endothelial cell lines for the study of the vascular endothelium. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:170. [PMID: 23987139 PMCID: PMC3847150 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vitro culture of endothelial cells (ECs) is an indispensable tool for studying the role of the endothelium in physical and pathological conditions. Primary ECs, however, have a restricted proliferative lifespan which hampers their use in long-term studies. The need for standardized experimental conditions to obtain relevant and reproducible results has increased the demand for well-characterized, continuous EC lines that retain the phenotypic and functional characteristics of their non-transformed counterparts. RESULTS Primary feline ECs from aorta and vena cava were successfully immortalized through the successive introduction of simian virus 40 large T (SV40LT) antigen and the catalytic subunit of human telomerase (hTERT). In contrast to the parental ECs, the transformed cells were able to proliferate continuously in culture. Established cell lines exhibited several inherent endothelial properties, including typical cobblestone morphology, binding of endothelial cell-specific lectins and internalization of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. In addition, the immortalization did not affect the functional phenotype as demonstrated by their capacity to rapidly form cord-like structures on matrigel and to express cell adhesion molecules following cytokine stimulation. CONCLUSION The ability to immortalize feline ECs, and the fact that these cells maintain the EC phenotype will enable a greater understanding of fundamental mechanisms of EC biology and endothelial-related diseases. Furthermore, the use of cell lines is an effective implementation of the 3-R principles formulated by Russel and Burch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A J Olyslaegers
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Manasson J, Tien T, Moore C, Kumar NM, Roy S. High glucose-induced downregulation of connexin 30.2 promotes retinal vascular lesions: implications for diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2361-6. [PMID: 23385797 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether high glucose (HG) alters expression of connexin 30.2 (Cx30.2) and influences gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in retinal endothelial cells and promotes vascular lesions characteristic of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Western blot analysis and immunostaining were performed to determine Cx30.2 protein expression and localization in rat retinal endothelial cells (RRECs) grown in normal (N; 5 mM) or HG (30 mM) medium for 7 days. Concurrently, GJIC was assessed in cells grown in N or HG medium and in cells transfected with Cx30.2 siRNA. Similarly, retinal Cx30.2 expression was assessed in nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Additionally, the effect of reduced Cx30.2 on development of acellular capillaries (ACs) and pericyte loss (PL) was studied in retinas of Cx30.2 knockout mice. RESULTS Cx30.2 was identified in RRECs in vitro and in vascular cells of retinal capillaries. RRECs grown in HG exhibited significantly reduced Cx30.2 protein levels consistent with decreased Cx30.2 immunostaining compared with those grown in N medium. Cells grown in HG and cells transfected with Cx30.2 siRNA exhibited significantly diminished dye transfer compared with N or nontransfected cells. Importantly, Cx30.2 protein level and immunostaining were decreased in diabetic retinas compared with nondiabetic retinas. Retinal capillaries of Cx30.2 knockout mice exhibited increased numbers of ACs and PL compared with those of wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that HG- or diabetes-induced downregulation of Cx30.2 expression and decrease in GJIC activity play a critical role in the development of retinal vascular lesions in early DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Manasson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Liew SC, Das-Gupta E, Chakravarthi S, Wong SF, Lee N, Safdar N, Jamil A. Differential expression of the angiogenesis growth factors in psoriasis vulgaris. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:201. [PMID: 22537619 PMCID: PMC3392727 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis has been reported to be one of the contributory factors to the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. This study aims to compare the expression of different angiogenesis growth factors namely (1) the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) subfamily: A, B, C, D and placenta growth factor (PlGF); (2) nerve growth factor (NGF) and (3) von Willebrand factor (vWFr) in the skins of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and non-psoriatic volunteers. Results Comparative immunohistochemistry study was performed on the paraffin-sectioned psoriatic and healthy skins with the abovementioned markers. VEGF-C (p = 0.016) and NGF (p = 0.027) were expressed intensely in the cases when compared with the controls. The NGF was the only marker that was solely expressed in the cases and absent in all the controls. Conclusion The NGF (angiogenesis) and VEGF-C (lymphangiogenesis) might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris and could be researched further as potential new targeted therapies for psoriasis vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siaw-Cheok Liew
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Qu C, Xiong Y, Mahmood A, Kaplan DL, Goussev A, Ning R, Chopp M. Treatment of traumatic brain injury in mice with bone marrow stromal cell-impregnated collagen scaffolds. J Neurosurg 2009; 111:658-65. [PMID: 19425888 DOI: 10.3171/2009.4.jns081681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This study was designed to investigate new ways of delivering human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) to the injured brain by impregnating them into collagen scaffolds in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Eight C57BL/6 J mice were injured with controlled cortical impact and received transplantation into the lesion cavity of 0.3 x 10(6) hMSCs impregnated into 3D porous collagen scaffolds. Additional experimental groups of 8 mice each received scaffolds implanted alone into the lesion cavity, hMSCs administered alone intracerebrally or intravenously, or saline injected into the lesion core. All treatments were performed 7 days after TBI. Spatial learning was measured using a modified Morris water maze test, and brain tissue samples were processed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS The results showed that hMSC-impregnated scaffolds were more effective than hMSCs administered alone (either intravenously or intracerebrally) in improving spatial learning, reducing lesion volume, and increasing vascular density after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Collagen scaffolds populated with hMSCs may be a new way to reconstruct injured brain tissue and improve neurological function after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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De P, Peng Q, Dmitry T, Li W, Yoder MC, March KL, Durden DL. Expression of RAC2 in endothelial cells is required for the postnatal neovascular response. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:248-63. [PMID: 19123268 PMCID: PMC2767303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an obligate role for the hematopoietic specific GTPase, RAC2 in endothelial integrin signaling and the postnatal neovascularization response in vivo. Using a Rac2 knockout mouse model, we discovered that despite the presence of both RAC1 and RAC2 protein in endothelial cells, RAC2 is obligately required for the postnatal neovascular response and alphavbeta3/ alpha4beta1/alpha5beta1 integrin-directed migration on vitronectin, H296 and CH271, fibronectin fragments, respectively. The molecular basis for RAC2 specificity was explored. A genetic analysis of Syk -/+ or Syk-/+;Rac2 -/+ mice revealed that SYK kinase is required for the integrin induced activation of RAC2. The analysis of endothelial cells from Rac2-/+ versus Syk-/+;Rac2-/+ mice provided genetic evidence that SYK-RAC2 signaling axis regulates integrin (alphavbeta3, alpha4beta1 and alpha5beta1) dependent migration. Our results provide evidence that a specific region of the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase, SYK, the B linker region containing Y342 and Y346 is required for SYK's regulation of RAC2 and integrin dependent migration. Moreover, the capacity of mice to vascularize the ischemic hindlimb following femoral artery ligation or matrigel plugs was markedly reduced in mice homozygous deficient for the Rac2 gene. These findings identify a novel signaling axis for the induction and potential modulation of postnatal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip De
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Qiong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - T. Dmitry
- Vascular Biology Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | | | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Keith L. March
- Vascular Biology Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Donald L. Durden
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Ellett F, Kile BT, Lieschke GJ. The role of the ETS factor erg in zebrafish vasculogenesis. Mech Dev 2008; 126:220-9. [PMID: 19027849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Erg, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, has been implicated by previous studies in endothelial and haematopoietic development. Deregulation of the human ERG locus is associated with acute myeloid leukaemia, prostate cancer and Ewing's sarcoma. To better understand the role of Erg during early development, we utilised the zebrafish as a model amenable to descriptive and functional studies in vivo. Zebrafish have a single erg gene that is expressed in mesoderm and its vascular derivatives during angioblast migration, vasculogenesis and early angiogenesis. Mutant and morphant expression analyses placed erg in a genetic pathway downstream of cloche, tal1/scl and etsrp during early angioblast migration. Furthermore, a combination of gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies suggested a redundant yet specific role for erg in both angioblast specification/proliferation and early angiogenesis, and a synergistic interaction with the critical ETS factor etsrp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ellett
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
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