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Montenegro MM, Camilotti D, Quaio CRDC, Gasparini Y, Zanardo ÉA, Rangel-Santos A, Novo-Filho GM, Francisco G, Liro L, Nascimento A, Chehimi SN, Soares DCQ, Krepischi ACV, Grassi MS, Honjo RS, Palmeira P, Kim CA, Carneiro-Sampaio MMS, Rosenberg C, Kulikowski LD. Expanding the Phenotype of 8p23.1 Deletion Syndrome: Eight New Cases Resembling the Clinical Spectrum of 22q11.2 Microdeletion. J Pediatr 2023; 252:56-60.e2. [PMID: 36067875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the effectiveness of early molecular diagnosis in the clinical management of rare diseases, presenting 8 patients with 8p23.1DS who have clinical features that overlap the phenotypic spectrum of 22q11.2DS. STUDY DESIGN This report is part of a previous study that aims to provide a precocious molecular diagnosis of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in 118 infants with congenital heart disease. To confirm the clinical diagnosis, patients underwent comparative genomic screening by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay with the SALSA MLPA probemix kits P064-B2, P036-E1, P070-B2, P356-A1, and P250- B1. Subsequently, the patients performed the genomic microarray using the Infinium CytoSNP-850K BeadChip to confirm the deletion, determine the breakpoints of the deletion, and search for genomic copy number variations. RESULTS MLPA performed with 3 different kits revealed the 8p23.1 typical deletion involving the PPP1R3B, MSRA, and GATA4 genes in the 5 patients. The array analysis was performed on these 5 patients and 3 other patients (8 patients) who also had clinical suspicion of 22q11 deletion (8 patients) allowed a precise definition of the breakpoints and excluded other genomic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Cytogenomic screening was efficient in establishing a differential diagnosis and ruling out the presence of other concomitant syndromes. The clinical picture of the 8p23.1 deletion syndrome is challenging; however, cytogenomic tools can provide an exact diagnosis and help to clarify the genotype-phenotype complexity of these patients. Our reports underline the importance of early diagnosis and clinical follow-up of microdeletion syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Moreira Montenegro
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Research in Pediatrics (LIM-36), Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Institute, Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
| | - Débora Camilotti
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yanca Gasparini
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Évelin Aline Zanardo
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Rangel-Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Pediatrics (LIM-36), Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Gil Monteiro Novo-Filho
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Gleyson Francisco
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Liro
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Amom Nascimento
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Samar Nasser Chehimi
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Cordeiro Queiroz Soares
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Institute, Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C V Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Marcília Sierro Grassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Institute, Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Institute, Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Pediatrics (LIM-36), Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Institute, Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Maria Sales Carneiro-Sampaio
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Institute, Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Leslie Domenici Kulikowski
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
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Cannata G, Caporilli C, Grassi F, Perrone S, Esposito S. Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH): Role of Molecular Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126353. [PMID: 34198563 PMCID: PMC8231903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common major life-threatening birth defect that results in significant mortality and morbidity depending primarily on lung hypoplasia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction. Despite its clinical relevance, CDH multifactorial etiology is still not completely understood. We reviewed current knowledge on normal diaphragm development and summarized genetic mutations and related pathways as well as cellular mechanisms involved in CDH. Our literature analysis showed that the discovery of harmful de novo variants in the fetus could constitute an important tool for the medical team during pregnancy, counselling, and childbirth. A better insight into the mechanisms regulating diaphragm development and genetic causes leading to CDH appeared essential to the development of new therapeutic strategies and evidence-based genetic counselling to parents. Integrated sequencing, development, and bioinformatics strategies could direct future functional studies on CDH; could be applied to cohorts and consortia for CDH and other birth defects; and could pave the way for potential therapies by providing molecular targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cannata
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Chiara Caporilli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Federica Grassi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Serafina Perrone
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-7047
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Stefekova A, Capkova P, Capkova Z, Curtisova V, Srovnal J, Mracka E, Klaskova E, Prochazka M. MLPA analysis of 32 foetuses with a congenital heart defect and 1 foetus with renal defects - pilot study. The significant frequency rate of presented pathological CNV. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 166:187-194. [PMID: 33824538 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the detection rate of the pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of 33 foetuses - 32 with CHD (congenital heart defects) and 1 with kidney defect, after exclusion of common aneuploidies (trisomy 13, 18, 21, and monosomy X) by karyotyping, Multiplex ligation - dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). We also assess the effectivity of MLPA as a method of the first tier for quick and inexpensive detection of mutations, causing congenital malformations in foetuses. METHODS MLPA with probe mixes P070, P036 - Telomere 3 and 5, P245 - microdeletions, P250 - DiGeorge syndrome, and P311 - CHD (Congenital heart defects) was performed in 33 samples of amniotic fluid and chorionic villi. CMA was performed in 10 relevant cases. RESULTS Pathogenic CNVs were found in 5 samples: microdeletions in region 22q11.2 (≈2 Mb) in two foetuses, one distal microdeletion of the 22q11.2 region containing genes LZTR1, CRKL, AIFM3 and SNAP29 (≈416 kb) in the foetus with bilateral renal agenesis, 8p23.1 (3.8 Mb) microdeletion syndrome and microdeletion in area 9q34.3 (1.7 Mb, Kleefstra syndrome). MLPA as an initial screening method revealed unambiguously pathogenic CNVs in 15.2 % of samples. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that MLPA and CMA are a reliable and high-resolution technology and should be used as the first-tier test for prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Determination of the cause of the abnormality is crucial for genetic counselling and further management of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stefekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclava Curtisova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Enkhjargalan Mracka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Klaskova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prochazka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Shi P, Wang C, Zheng Y, Kong X. Prenatal and postnatal diagnoses and phenotype of 8p23.3p22 duplication in one family. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:88. [PMID: 33757501 PMCID: PMC7988938 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distal 8p duplication is rare but clinically significant. Duplication syndrome results in variable phenotypes, such as developmental delay, intellectual disability, and malformation of the heart. We aimed to provide a better understanding of the phenotypes by studying duplication and its effects in a single family. Methods In a family with a previously induced labor (second fetus) at 12 weeks gestation due to increased nuchal translucency (3.5 mm), copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) revealed a 16.22 Mb deletion of 8p23.3p22. For their subsequent pregnancy, the family requested a prenatal diagnosis as well as CNV-seq, karyotyping and FISH testing of all family members. Results The first and third children were found to have a 16.22 Mb duplication of 8p23.3p22, containing the 8p23.1 duplication syndrome region. The duplication was inherited from their father, a carrier with a translocation of 8p22 and 22q13. We confirmed that the duplication site was located on chromosome 22q13 by combining the results of CNV-seq, karyotype and FISH. The first child is a 7.5-year-old boy. At one month old, he was diagnosed with a ventricular septal defect and treated surgically at age four. His growth and intelligence developed well, and he performed well in school. His primary issue is an inability to distinguish between the blade alveolars and retroflexes in speech. The third fetus had a normal ultrasound index from beginning until birth. The family elected to continue the pregnancy, and the baby was born healthy, providing us the opportunity to evaluate the effects of 8p23.3p22 duplication by comparison with the brother. Conclusion Our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because this relatively rare condition can have significant phenotypical consequences, and an understanding of the inheritance and variability of phenotypes caused by this mutation is essential to an increased understanding of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panlai Shi
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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5
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Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially when associated with additional congenital anomalies. Both environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute to CDH. The genetic contributions to CDH are highly heterogeneous and incompletely defined. No one genetic cause accounts for more than 1-2% of CDH cases. In this review, we summarize the known genetic causes of CDH from chromosomal anomalies to individual genes. Both de novo and inherited variants contribute to CDH. Genes causing CDH are increasingly identified from animal models and from genomic strategies including exome and genome sequencing in humans. CDH genes are often transcription factors, genes involved in cell migration or the components of extracellular matrix. We provide clinical genetic testing strategies in the clinical evaluation that can identify a genetic cause in up to ∼30% of patients with non-isolated CDH and can be useful to refine prognosis, identify associated medical and neurodevelopmental issues to address, and inform family planning options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Hernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Wagner-Mahler K, Kurzenne JY, Gastaud F, Hoflack M, Panaia Ferrari P, Berard E, Giuliano F, Karmous-Benailly H, Moceri P, Jouannelle C, Bourcier M, Robart E, Morel Y. Is interstitial 8p23 microdeletion responsible of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis? One case report from birth to puberty. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e558. [PMID: 30690934 PMCID: PMC6418366 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 8p deletions are associated with a variety of conditions, including cardiac abnormalities, mental, behavioral problems with variable morphotype and genitourinary anomalies in boys. METHODS We describe the follow-up over almost 15 years of a boy who initially presented with perineal hypospadias with a micropenis and cryptorchidism with 46,XY DSD. RESULTS Imaging, pathology, and hormonal exploration suggested gonadal dysgenesis. Further genetic studies were deemed necessary during follow-up. The child's further development recommended further genetic analyses. High-resolution analysis showed an interstitial deletion on the short arm of a chromosome 8: 46,XY,del(8)(p23.1p23.1). We reviewed the literature and found 102 cases including 54 boys: 62.7% had mental problems, 50.9% a dysmorphic disorder, 55.9% cardiac anomalies, and 46.3% of the boys had genitourinary anomalies. Our patient's genital abnormalities can be explained by the haploinsufficiency of the genes, such as GATA4 (OMIM 600576) that are included in the deleted area. CONCLUSION This case of severe 46,XY DSD raises the question of the role played by 8p23 microdeletion in gonadal dysgenesis. Clinicians are encouraged to look for this anomaly on chromosome 8 in cases of unexplained gonadal dysgenesis even when few signs suggestive of this anomaly are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Wagner-Mahler
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France.,Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Yves Kurzenne
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France.,Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | | | - Marie Hoflack
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | | | - Etienne Berard
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pamela Moceri
- Département de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Elise Robart
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Yves Morel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon - HCL GH Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Bron, France
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7
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Chen CP, Peng CR, Chang TY, Guo WY, Chen YN, Wu PS, Town DD, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome 8p23.1 microdeletion by array comparative genomic hybridization using uncultured amniocytes in a pregnancy associated with fetal partial corpus callosum agenesis and schizencephaly. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 54:797-8. [PMID: 26701010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Ran Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wan-Yuo Guo
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Dai-Dyi Town
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Yu L, Wynn J, Ma L, Guha S, Mychaliska GB, Crombleholme TM, Azarow KS, Lim FY, Chung DH, Potoka D, Warner BW, Bucher B, LeDuc CA, Costa K, Stolar C, Aspelund G, Arkovitz MS, Chung WK. De novo copy number variants are associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Med Genet 2013; 49:650-9. [PMID: 23054247 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the aetiology of CDH remains poorly understood, studies from animal models and patients with CDH suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the development of CDH. Chromosomal anomalies have been reported in CDH. METHODS In this study, the authors investigated the frequency of chromosomal anomalies and copy number variants (CNVs) in 256 parent-child trios of CDH using clinical conventional cytogenetic and microarray analysis. The authors also selected a set of CDH related training genes to prioritise the genes in those segmental aneuploidies and identified the genes and gene sets that may contribute to the aetiology of CDH. RESULTS The authors identified chromosomal anomalies in 16 patients (6.3%) of the series including three aneuploidies, two unbalanced translocation, and 11 patients with de novo CNVs ranging in size from 95 kb to 104.6 Mb. The authors prioritised the genes in the CNV segments and identified KCNA2, LMNA, CACNA1S, MYOG, HLX, LBR, AGT, GATA4, SOX7, HYLS1, FOXC1, FOXF2, PDGFA, FGF6, COL4A1, COL4A2, HOMER2, BNC1, BID, and TBX1 as genes that may be involved in diaphragm development. Gene enrichment analysis identified the most relevant gene ontology categories as those involved in tissue development (p=4.4×10(-11)) or regulation of multicellular organismal processes (p=2.8×10(-10)) and 'receptor binding' (p=8.7×10(-14)) and 'DNA binding transcription factor activity' (p=4.4×10(-10)). CONCLUSIONS The present findings support the role of chromosomal anomalies in CDH and provide a set of candidate genes including FOXC1, FOXF2, PDGFA, FGF6, COL4A1, COL4A2, SOX7, BNC1, BID, and TBX1 for further analysis in CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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9
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Dingemann J, Doi T, Gosemann JH, Ruttenstock EM, Nakazawa N, Puri P. Decreased expression of GATA4 in the diaphragm of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 98:139-43. [PMID: 23426975 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying the diaphragmatic defect in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are still poorly understood. The transcription factor GATA4 is essential for normal development of the diaphragm. Recently, mutations in the GATA4 gene have been linked to human and rodent CDH. We hypothesized that diaphragmatic GATA4 expression is downregulated in the nitrofen CDH model. METHODS Pregnant rats received Nitrofen or vehicle on day 9 of gestation (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D13, D18, or D21. Pleuroperitoneal folds (n=20) and fetal diaphragms (n=40) were (micro) dissected and divided into CDH group and controls. RNA and protein were extracted. GATA4 mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. Protein levels were determined by ELISA and Immunohistochemistry. RESULTS mRNA levels and Protein levels were significantly decreased in the CDH group compared to controls on D13 (mRNA 15.96±6.99 vs. 38.10±5.01, p<0.05), D18 (mRNA 10.45±1.84 vs. 17.68±2.11, Protein 2.59±0.06 vs. 4.58±0.35 p<0.05) and D21 (mRNA 4.31±0.83 vs. 6.87±0.88, Protein 0.16±0.08 vs. 1.26±0.49, p<0.05). Immunoreactivity of GATA4 was markedly decreased in CDH-diaphragms on D13, D18, and D21. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for the first time that diaphragmatic expression of GATA4 is downregulated in the nitrofen model, suggesting that decreased expression of GATA4 may impair diaphragmatic development in nitrofen-induced CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Dingemann
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Dublin, and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Aguiar P, Cruz D, Rodrigues RF, Araújo F, Ducla Soares JL. Subvalvular aortic stenosis associated with 8p23 deletion. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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11
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Aguiar P, Cruz D, Ferro Rodrigues R, Araújo F, Ducla Soares JL. [Subvalvular aortic stenosis associated with 8p23 deletion]. Rev Port Cardiol 2013; 32:153-7. [PMID: 23352459 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 35-year-old man admitted due to heart failure, who had had moderate cognitive deficit, craniofacial dysmorphism, epilepsy, panic attacks and congenital heart disease (subvalvular aortic stenosis) associated with chronic atrial fibrillation since childhood. In view of his facial dysmorphism and clinical presentation, karyotype analysis was performed and revealed a de novo interstitial deletion in chromosome 8 in the region p23.1-p23.2. This is a rare chromosomal anomaly (about 50 descriptions in the literature), whose most common manifestations include heart defects, cognitive retardation and behavioral disturbances. In this paper we present the first case with associated subvalvular aortic stenosis and review the literature on this chromosomal abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrício Aguiar
- Serviço de Medicina I, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal.
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Shin WJ, Kim SD, Kim KH. The general anesthesia experience of deletion 8p syndrome patient -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2011; 61:332-5. [PMID: 22110888 PMCID: PMC3219781 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2011.61.4.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A deletion 8p syndrome is a relatively uncommon congenital disease characterized by mental retardation associated with multiple malformation that make anesthetic management a challenge. Anesthetic management of a patient with deletion 8p syndrome may pose a serious problem mainly from difficult tracheal intubation, aspiration complication and cardiac malformation. We experienced a case of 10 year-old boy with a deletion 8p syndrome who underwent appendectomy under the general anesthesia. Intubation was performed by video glidescope after unsuccessful attempt with Macintosh laryngoscope. A high arched palate, short neck, poor patient cooperation due to mental retardation and occasional autistic behaviour made airway management difficult. This case should alert anesthesiologists to the greater difficulties of managing patients with deletion 8p syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jong Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Ballarati L, Cereda A, Caselli R, Selicorni A, Recalcati MP, Maitz S, Finelli P, Larizza L, Giardino D. Genotype–phenotype correlations in a new case of 8p23.1 deletion and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Srisupundit K, Brady PD, Devriendt K, Fryns JP, Cruz-Martinez R, Gratacos E, Deprest JA, Vermeesch JR. Targeted array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) identifies genomic imbalances associated with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:1198-206. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is the leading socio-economic problem of health care, but compared to autism and schizophrenia, it has received very little public attention. Important risk factors for ID are malnutrition, cultural deprivation, poor health care, and parental consanguinity. In the Western world, fetal alcohol exposure is the most common preventable cause. Most severe forms of ID have genetic causes. Cytogenetically detectable and submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements account for approximately 25% of all cases. X-linked gene defects are responsible in 10-12% of males with ID; to date, 91 of these defects have been identified. In contrast, autosomal gene defects have been largely disregarded, but due to coordinated efforts and the advent of next-generation DNA sequencing, this is about to change. As shown for Fra(X) syndrome, this renewed focus on autosomal gene defects will pave the way for molecular diagnosis and prevention, shed more light on the pathogenesis of ID, and reveal new opportunities for therapy.
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16
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Wat MJ, Shchelochkov OA, Holder AM, Breman AM, Dagli A, Bacino C, Scaglia F, Zori RT, Cheung SW, Scott DA, Kang SHL. Chromosome 8p23.1 deletions as a cause of complex congenital heart defects and diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1661-77. [PMID: 19606479 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent interstitial deletion of a region of 8p23.1 flanked by the low copy repeats 8p-OR-REPD and 8p-OR-REPP is associated with a spectrum of anomalies that can include congenital heart malformations and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Haploinsufficiency of GATA4 is thought to play a critical role in the development of these birth defects. We describe two individuals and a monozygotic twin pair discordant for anterior CDH all of whom have complex congenital heart defects caused by this recurrent interstitial deletion as demonstrated by array comparative genomic hybridization. To better define the genotype/phenotype relationships associated with alterations of genes on 8p23.1, we review the spectrum of congenital heart and diaphragmatic defects that have been reported in individuals with isolated GATA4 mutations and interstitial, terminal, and complex chromosomal rearrangements involving the 8p23.1 region. Our findings allow us to clearly define the CDH minimal deleted region on chromosome 8p23.1 and suggest that haploinsufficiency of other genes, in addition to GATA4, may play a role in the severe cardiac and diaphragmatic defects associated with 8p23.1 deletions. These findings also underscore the importance of conducting a careful cytogenetic/molecular analysis of the 8p23.1 region in all prenatal and postnatal cases involving congenital defects of the heart and/or diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Wat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common major malformation affecting 1/3000-1/4000 births, which continues to be associated with significant perinatal mortality. Much current research is focused on elucidating the genetics and pathophysiology contributing to CDH to develop more effective therapies. The latest data suggest that many cases of CDH are genetically determined and also indicate that CDH is etiologically heterogeneous. The present review will provide a brief summary of diaphragm development and model organism work most relevant to human CDH and will primarily describe important human phenotypes associated with CDH and also provide recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of a fetus or infant with CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Pober
- Center for Human Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Chen CP, Wang TH, Chen YJ, Chang TY, Liu YP, Tzen CY, Chern SR, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of Fryns syndrome associated with a microdeletion at 8p23.1. Prenat Diagn 2008; 27:967-9. [PMID: 17602449 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Baynam G, Goldblatt J, Walpole I. Deletion of 8p23.1 with features of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia and a review of deletions of 8p23.1 to 8pter ? A further locus for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1565-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Emanuel BS, Saitta SC. From microscopes to microarrays: dissecting recurrent chromosomal rearrangements. Nat Rev Genet 2007; 8:869-83. [PMID: 17943194 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements that lead to copy-number changes have been shown to underlie distinctive and recognizable clinical phenotypes. The sensitivity to detect copy-number variation has escalated with the advent of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), including BAC and oligonucleotide-based platforms. Coupled with improved assemblies and annotation of genome sequence data, these technologies are facilitating the identification of new syndromes that are associated with submicroscopic genomic changes. Their characterization reveals the role of genome architecture in the aetiology of many clinical disorders. We review a group of genomic disorders that are mediated by segmental duplications, emphasizing the impact that high-throughput detection methods and the availability of the human genome sequence have had on their dissection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104-4318, USA.
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Wagenstaller J, Spranger S, Lorenz-Depiereux B, Kazmierczak B, Nathrath M, Wahl D, Heye B, Glaser D, Liebscher V, Meitinger T, Strom TM. Copy-number variations measured by single-nucleotide-polymorphism oligonucleotide arrays in patients with mental retardation. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:768-79. [PMID: 17847001 PMCID: PMC2227926 DOI: 10.1086/521274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome analysis using high-density single-nucleotide-polymorphism oligonucleotide arrays allows identification of microdeletions, microduplications, and uniparental disomies. We studied 67 children with unexplained mental retardation with normal karyotypes, as assessed by G-banded chromosome analyses. Their DNAs were analyzed with Affymetrix 100K arrays. We detected 11 copy-number variations that most likely are causative of mental retardation, because they either arose de novo (9 cases) and/or overlapped with known microdeletions (2 cases). The eight deletions and three duplications varied in size from 200 kb to 7.5 Mb. Of the 11 copy-number variations, 5 were flanked by low-copy repeats. Two of those, on chromosomes 15q25.2 and Xp22.31, have not been described before and have a high probability of being causative of new deletion and duplication syndromes, respectively. In one patient, we found a deletion affecting only a single gene, MBD5, which codes for the methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 5. In addition to the 67 children, we investigated 4 mentally retarded children with apparent balanced translocations and detected four deletions at breakpoint regions ranging in size from 1.1 to 14 Mb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Wagenstaller
- Institute of Human Genetics, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Pober BR. Overview of epidemiology, genetics, birth defects, and chromosome abnormalities associated with CDH. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 145C:158-71. [PMID: 17436298 PMCID: PMC2891729 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common and well-studied birth defect. The etiology of most cases remains unknown but increasing evidence points to genetic causation. The data supporting genetic etiologies which are detailed below include the association of CDH with recurring chromosome abnormalities, the existence of CDH-multiplex families, and the co-occurrence of CDH with additional congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Pober
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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Holder AM, Klaassens M, Tibboel D, de Klein A, Lee B, Scott DA. Genetic factors in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80:825-45. [PMID: 17436238 PMCID: PMC1852742 DOI: 10.1086/513442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common birth defect associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although the exact etiology of most cases of CDH remains unknown, there is a growing body of evidence that genetic factors play an important role in the development of CDH. In this review, we examine key findings that are likely to form the basis for future research in this field. Specific topics include a short overview of normal and abnormal diaphragm development, a discussion of syndromic forms of CDH, a detailed review of chromosomal regions recurrently altered in CDH, a description of the retinoid hypothesis of CDH, and evidence of the roles of specific genes in the development of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Holder
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Jay PY, Bielinska M, Erlich JM, Mannisto S, Pu WT, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Impaired mesenchymal cell function in Gata4 mutant mice leads to diaphragmatic hernias and primary lung defects. Dev Biol 2007; 301:602-14. [PMID: 17069789 PMCID: PMC1808541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an often fatal birth defect that is commonly associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and cardiac malformations. Some investigators hypothesize that this constellation of defects results from genetic or environmental triggers that disrupt mesenchymal cell function in not only the primordial diaphragm but also the thoracic organs. The alternative hypothesis is that the displacement of the abdominal viscera in the chest secondarily perturbs the development of the heart and lungs. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding FOG-2, a transcriptional co-regulator, have been linked to CDH and pulmonary hypoplasia in humans and mice. Here we show that mutagenesis of the gene for GATA-4, a transcription factor known to functionally interact with FOG-2, predisposes inbred mice to a similar set of birth defects. Analysis of wild-type mouse embryos demonstrated co-expression of Gata4 and Fog2 in mesenchymal cells of the developing diaphragm, lungs, and heart. A significant fraction of C57Bl/6 mice heterozygous for a Gata4 deletion mutation died within 1 day of birth. Developmental defects in the heterozygotes included midline diaphragmatic hernias, dilated distal airways, and cardiac malformations. Heterozygotes had any combination of these defects or none. In chimeric mice, Gata4(-/-) cells retained the capacity to contribute to cells in the diaphragmatic central tendon and lung mesenchyme, indicating that GATA-4 is not required for differentiation of these lineages. We conclude that GATA-4, like its co-regulator FOG-2, is required for proper mesenchymal cell function in the developing diaphragm, lungs, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y. Jay
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Malgorzata Bielinska
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jonathan M. Erlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Susanna Mannisto
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - William T. Pu
- Departments of Cardiology, Pediatrics, & Genetics, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B. Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Departments of Molecular Biology & Pharmacology, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Bielinska M, Jay PY, Erlich JM, Mannisto S, Urban Z, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Molecular genetics of congenital diaphragmatic defects. Ann Med 2007; 39:261-74. [PMID: 17558598 PMCID: PMC2174621 DOI: 10.1080/07853890701326883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect that is accompanied by malformations of the lung, heart, testis, and other organs. Patients with CDH may have any combination of these extradiaphragmatic defects, suggesting that CDH is often a manifestation of a global embryopathy. This review highlights recent advances in human and mouse genetics that have led to the identification of genes involved in CDH. These include genes for transcription factors, molecules involved in cell migration, and extracellular matrix components. The expression patterns of these genes in the developing embryo suggest that mesenchymal cell function is compromised in the diaphragm and other affected organs in patients with CDH. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying the seemingly random combination of diaphragmatic, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gonadal defects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Bielinska
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Patrick Y. Jay
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Erlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Susanna Mannisto
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B. Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Pharmacology, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Slavotinek AM, Moshrefi A, Davis R, Leeth E, Schaeffer GB, Burchard GE, Shaw GM, James B, Ptacek L, Pennacchio LA. Array comparative genomic hybridization in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: mapping of four CDH-critical regions and sequencing of candidate genes at 15q26.1–15q26.2. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 14:999-1008. [PMID: 16736036 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect with a high mortality and morbidity. There have been few studies that have assessed copy number changes in CDH. We present array comparative genomic hybridization data for 29 CDH patients to identify and map chromosome aberrations in this disease. Three patients with 15q26.1-15q26.2 deletions had heterogeneous breakpoints that overlapped with the critical 4 Mb region previously delineated for CDH, confirming 15q26.1-15q26.2 as a critical region for CDH. The three other most compelling CDH-critical regions for genomic deletions based on these data and a literature review are located at chromosomes 8p23.1, 4p16.3-4pter, and 1q41-1q42.1. Based on these recurrent deletions at 15q26.1-15q26.2, we hypothesized that loss-of-function mutations in a gene or genes from this region could cause CDH and sequenced six candidate genes from this region in more than 100 patients with CDH. For three of these genes (CHD2, ARRDC4, and RGMA), we identified missense changes and that were not identified in normal controls; however, none of these alterations appeared unambiguously causal with CDH. These data suggest that CDH caused by chromosome deletions at 15q26.2 may arise because of a contiguous gene deletion syndrome or may have a multifactorial etiology. In addition, there is evidence for substantial genetic heterogeneity in CDH and diaphragmatic hernias can be non-penetrant in patients who have deletions involving CDH-critical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, Room U585P, 533 Parnassus St, San Francisco, CA 94143-0748, USA.
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27
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López I, Bafalliu JA, Bernabé MC, García F, Costa M, Guillén-Navarro E. Prenatal diagnosis ofde novo deletions of 8p23.1 or 15q26.1 in two fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia and congenital heart defects. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:577-80. [PMID: 16700088 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To show the importance of using high-resolution chromosome analysis and FISH-technique for finding subtle chromosomal lesions in prenatal diagnosis specially when there are abnormal ultrasound findings. METHODS Ecographic examination of the fetus. GTG banded chromosome and FISH analysis using subtelomeric probes on amniocytes. RESULTS We report two prenatal cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and congenital heart defects (CHDs) with different deletions confirmed by FISH: del(8)(p23.1p23.1) and del(15)(q26.1). CONCLUSION These cases support the evidence that the regions 15q26.1 and 8p23.1 may play an important role in the development of the diaphragm. A deletion 8p23.1 or 15q26.1 should be considered whenever a CDH and/or a cardiac abnormality are detected on ultrasound.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple
- Adult
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Female
- Fetal Diseases/diagnosis
- Fetal Diseases/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/complications
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/embryology
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Diagnosis/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López
- Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital U. Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Pober BR, Lin A, Russell M, Ackerman KG, Chakravorty S, Strauss B, Westgate MN, Wilson J, Donahoe PK, Holmes LB. Infants with Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia: sibling precurrence and monozygotic twin discordance in a hospital-based malformation surveillance program. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 138A:81-8. [PMID: 16094667 PMCID: PMC2891716 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common and often devastating birth defect. In order to learn more about possible genetic causes, we reviewed and classified 203 cases of the Bochdalek hernia type identified through the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) Active Malformation Surveillance Program over a 28-year period. Phenotypically, 55% of the cases had isolated CDH, and 45% had complex CDH defined as CDH in association with additional major malformations or as part of a syndrome. When classified according to likely etiology, 17% had a Recognized Genetic etiology for their CDH, while the remaining 83% had No Apparent Genetic etiology. Detailed analysis using this largest cohort of consecutively collected cases of CDH showed low precurrence among siblings. Additionally, there was no concordance for CDH among five monozygotic twin pairs. These findings, in conjunction with previous reports of de novo dominant mutations in patients with CDH, suggest that new mutations may be an important mechanism responsible for CDH. The twin data also raise the possibility that epigenetic abnormalities contribute to the development of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Pober
- Genetics and Teratology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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29
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Bosse K, Eggermann T, Van der Ven K, Raff R, Engels H, Schwanitz G. Unbalanced translocation 8;Y (45,X,dic(Y;8)(q11.23;p23.1)): case report and review of terminal 8p deletions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 47:191-7. [PMID: 15183753 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A boy with a rare unbalanced de novo Y/autosome translocation is presented. Main clinical features in the boy comprised a psychomotor delay, talipes planus, a dolichocephalus, low set and retroverted ears, supraorbital fullness of subcutaneous tissue and a bulbous nasal tip. Chromosomal analysis on amniocytes showed a single X chromosome and a derivative 8p (Karyotype: 45,X,der(8)GTG). The following DAPI staining revealed the inactivated centromere of the chromosome Y located on 8p and the absence of heterochromatic material Yq. Microsatellite analysis on fetal blood DNA using markers between SRY on Yp and DYS 240 on Yq proved presence of the spermatogenetic relevant factors. A terminal deletion of 8p was confirmed by FISH postnatally. Molecular genetic reassessment revealed the monosomy 8p to be of maternal origin; the translocation can thus be proven to have occurred in the zygote. The breakpoint in 8p was localised distal to GATA4, a gene which is involved in heart development; the finding that our patient did not suffer from cardiac problems agrees with the disomic presence of GATA4. Only the application of FISH combined with microsatellite analysis allowed a precise correlation between clinical phenotype and a subtle deletion of terminal 8p; furthermore, a recurrence risk for the parents could be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bosse
- Institut für Humangenetik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
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30
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Shimokawa O, Miyake N, Yoshimura T, Sosonkina N, Harada N, Mizuguchi T, Kondoh S, Kishino T, Ohta T, Remco V, Takashima T, Kinoshita A, Yoshiura K, Niikawa N, Matsumoto N. Molecular characterization of del(8)(p23.1p23.1) in a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 136:49-51. [PMID: 15937941 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 36-week-old fetus was referred to the medical center because of his cystic mass and fluid in left thoracic cavity, and was delivered by cesarean section to manage neonatal problems at 37 weeks of gestation. Emergent surgical repair of the left diaphragmatic hernia was performed, but severe hypoxia persisted, and he expired on the following day. Chromosome analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells indicated 46,XY,del(8)(p23.1p23.1). This is the fourth case of 8p23.1 deletion associated with diaphragmatic hernia. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization analysis using DNA of cultured amniotic fluid cells showed that six clones were deleted, which were mapped to the region between two low copy repeats (LCRs) at 8p23.1 previously described. Microsatellite analysis revealed that the deletion was of paternal origin, and his parents did not carry 8p23.1 polymorphic inversion. These data strongly suggested that the 8p23.1 interstitial deletion should have arisen through a different mechanism from that of inv dup del(8p) whose structural abnormality is always of maternal origin and accompanies heterozygous 8p23.1 polymorphic inversion in mother.
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Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect with a high mortality and morbidity. A clear understanding of the pathogenesis of CDH is critical for determining prognosis and planning treatment, but to date, information on the genetic etiology of both nonsyndromic and syndromic CDH is limited. This paper summarizes the current knowledge concerning the genes, syndromes, and chromosome aberrations associated with CDH in humans and in animal model systems. Mutations in several different genes have been described in syndromic CDH, but there is only one mutation that has been reported in non-syndromic CDH to date. However, animal models suggest that genes involved in cell migration, myogenesis, and connective tissue formation are critical to normal diaphragm formation, and these data provide a starting point for the search for other genes involved in the pathogenesis of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0748, USA.
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Ron M, Tager-Cohen I, Feldmesser E, Ezra E, Kalay D, Roe B, Seroussi E, Weller JI. Bovine umbilical hernia maps to the centromeric end ofBos taurusautosome 8. Anim Genet 2004; 35:431-7. [PMID: 15566464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Twelve bull calves were produced by mating elite Israeli cows to "Glenhapton Enhancer", a Canadian Holstein bull. The frequency of umbilical hernia (UH) in the progeny of the sons ranged from 1 to 21%, consistent with the hypothesis that Enhancer is the carrier of major dominant or codominant gene with partial penetrance for UH. Five sons of Enhancer produced progeny with >10% frequency of UH including sire 3259, whereas progeny of three sons had <3% UH. A total of 116 grand-progeny of Enhancer, all progeny of 3259, were genotyped for 59 microsatellites spanning the 29 bovine autosomes. Of these offspring, 41 were affected. Significant differences in paternal allele frequencies between the affected and unaffected progeny groups were found for marker BMS1591 on bovine chromosome 8 (BTA8). The UH-associated paternal allele originated from Enhancer. The chromosomal segment associated with UH was more precisely mapped between UWCA47, on the centromeric end of BTA8 and RM321, 12 cM from the centromere. A maximum LOD score of 3.84 was obtained 2.5 cM from the centromere with a support interval of 8 cM. Haplotype analysis of eight sons of Enhancer suggested that the UH gene is located in the centromeric end of BTA8 beyond ARO71/ARO72. Thus, by integrating the results from progeny of sire 3259 and sons of Enhancer the location of the UH gene was further refined to the BTA8 segment between ARO71/ARO72 and UWCA47.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ron
- Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Abstract
In a 10-year review of autopsy records from Lutheran General Hospital (1992-2002), 13 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) were found. The fetuses ranged between 21 and 35 wk of gestation. Four were born alive and five were diagnosed prenatally. The defect was left-sided in 11 cases. Cytogenetic study revealed five cases with normal karyotype and three cases with complex karyotypes. In five cases, no karyotype was performed. The three complex karyotypes were: 46,XX,del(8)(p23.1), 47,XX, +i(12)(p10)[6]/46XX[14] (Pallister-Killian syndrome), and 47,XY,+der(22)t(11:22) (q23.3:q11.2). The unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 11 and 22 in congenital diaphragmatic hernia has not been previously described. Three fetuses had heart abnormalities, including one which was associated with the 8p deletion. The other two had no karyotype study. Neither in this study, nor in the literature, is there a consistent or prevailing association between a specific chromosomal anomaly and CDH. The embryologic closure of the diaphragmatic leaflets may be mediated by a nonstructural chromosomal defect, more than one gene, and/or may be related to abnormalities not currently detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Borys
- Department of Pathology, Lutheran General Hospital, 1775 Dempster Street, 5th Floor Surgical Building, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA.
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de Vries BB, Lees M, Knight SJ, Regan R, Corney D, Flint J, Barnicoat A, Winter RM. Submicroscopic 8pter deletion, mild mental retardation, and behavioral problems caused by a familial t(8;20)(p23;p13). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 99:314-9. [PMID: 11251999 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microscopically visible distal 8p deletions have been associated with growth and mental impairment, minor facial anomalies, congenital heart defects, and behavioral problems. We report two cousins with mild retardation and behavioral problems, including inappropriate sexual behavior and pyromania. Familial learning difficulties on the grandfather's side incompatible with Mendelian inheritance prompted telomere screening, which detected a submicroscopic terminal 8p deletion of < 5.1 Mb. The cousins' mothers both carried a t(8;20)(p23;p13) balanced translocation. The frequently observed microcephaly in patients with microscopically visible deletions of 8pter is lacking in both cousins, suggesting that the gene(s) causing the microcephaly is centromeric to the deleted region. The absence of cardiac defects in the cousins confirms the more proximal location of gene(s) causing these abnormalities in other reported cases with microscopically visible 8pter deletions and supports involvement of the GATA4 gene. Moreover, the current cases predict the presence of a putative gene(s) involved in behavior in the most telomeric 5.1 Mb of the p-arm of chromosome 8. This first clinical report of a submicroscopic subtelomeric 8p deletion gives more insight into the so-called 8p- syndrome and demonstrates the difficulty in making a clinical diagnosis for a submicroscopic 8pter deletion in an individual patient with mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B de Vries
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Fert-Ferrer S, Guichet A, Tantau J, Delezoide AL, Ozilou C, Romana SP, Gosset P, Viot G, Loison S, Moraine C, Morichon-Delvallez N, Turleau C, Vekemans M, Prieur M. Subtle familial unbalanced translocation t(8;11)(p23.2;p15.5) in two fetuses with Beckwith-Wiedemann features. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20:511-5. [PMID: 10861719 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0223(200006)20:6<511::aid-pd849>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a subtle translocation t(8;11)(p23.2;p15.5) ascertained after two induced abortions in the same sibship because of the discovery of fetal hydrops on ultrasound examination. Initial cytogenetic studies performed on cultured amniotic fluid cells were considered as normal in both fetuses. High resolution banding analysis and FISH studies performed on the parents' chromosomes revealed a paternal translocation t(8;11)(p23.2;p15.5). Retrospective FISH analysis of both fetuses showed that they carried the same chromosomal imbalance including a distal monosomy 8pter and a distal trisomy 11pter. The phenotypes of the fetuses were re-examined and found to be compatible with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes (BWS). FISH analysis using an IGF2 probe demonstrated the presence of three copies of the IGF2 gene. This study highlights the value of searching for subtle chromosome rearrangements in families with recurrent unexplained multiple malformation syndromes discovered prenatally. Also, it contributes to a better delineation of the prenatal phenotype of BWS. Finally, it sheds new light on the aetiology of non-immune hydrops fetalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fert-Ferrer
- Service de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, F 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Bhatia SN, Suri V, Bundy A, Krauss CM. Prenatal detection and mapping of a distal 8p deletion associated with congenital heart disease. Prenat Diagn 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199909)19:9<863::aid-pd640>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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