1
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Sundaran S, Kok LC, Chang HY. Fabrication and in vitroevaluation of photo cross-linkable silk fibroin-epsilon-poly-L-lysine hydrogel for wound repair. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:055021. [PMID: 37567188 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acef86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
An optimal wound-healing hydrogel requires effective antibacterial properties and a favorable cell adhesion and proliferation environment. AlthoughBombyx morisilk fibroin (SF) possesses inherent wound-healing properties, it lacks these essential qualities. This study aimed to fabricate a novel photo-polymerizable hydrogel by utilizing SF's wound-healing efficiency and the epsilon-poly-L-lysine (EPL) antimicrobial activity. The SF was modified with three different concentrations of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to obtain SF-GMA(L), SF-GMA(M), and SF-GMA(H). A methacrylated EPL (EPL-GMA) was also produced. Then, SF-GMA was mixed with EPL-GMA to produce photo-crosslinkable SF-GMA-EPL hydrogels. The SF-GMA(L)-EPL, SF-GMA(M)-EPL, and SF-GMA(H)-EPL hydrogels, fabricated with 20% EPL-GMA, demonstrated maximum antimicrobial activity and mammalian cell adhesion ability. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging efficiency of the hydrogels was tested and shown to be between 69% and 74%. These hydrogels also exhibited 60% efficiency in removing bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The water absorption ability of the hydrogels was consistent with the size of their internal pores. The hydrogels exhibited a slow degradation fashion, and their degradation products appeared cytocompatible. Finally, the elastomeric properties of the hydrogels were determined, and a storage modulus (G') of 300-600 Pa was demonstrated. In conclusion, the hydrogels created in this study possess excellent biological and physical properties to support wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sundaran
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Kok
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
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2
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Tribological and Rheological Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Gellan Gum Composite Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183830. [PMID: 36145975 PMCID: PMC9501534 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based composite hydrogels are promising materials with various biomedical applications. However, their mechanical and tribological properties should be tailored for such applications. In this study, we report the fabrication of PVA-gellan gum (GG) composite hydrogels and determine the effect of GG content on their rheological and tribological properties. The rheology tests revealed an enhanced storage (elastic) modulus with increased gellan gum (GG) concentration. The results showed up to 89% enhancement of the elastic modulus of PVA by adding 0.5 wt% gellan gum. This elastic modulus (12.1 ± 0.8 kPa) was very close to that of chondrocyte and its surrounding pericellular matrix (12 ± 1 kPa), rendering them ideal for cartilage regeneration applications. Furthermore, the friction coefficient was reduced by up to 80% by adding GG to PVA, demonstrating the increased elastic modulus improved chance of survival under mechanical shear stresses. Examining PVA/GG at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% of GG, we demonstrate that at a load of 5 N, the friction coefficient decreases by increasing the GG concentration. However, at higher loads of 10 and 15 N, a 0.3 wt% concentration was sufficient to significantly reduce the friction coefficient. For PVA and PVA/GG composites, we observed a reduction in friction coefficient by increasing the load from 5 to 15 N. We also found the friction to be independent of the sliding velocity. Possible mechanisms of achieving a reduced friction coefficient are discussed.
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3
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Ratto F, Magni G, Aluigi A, Giannelli M, Centi S, Matteini P, Oberhauser W, Pini R, Rossi F. Cyanine-Doped Nanofiber Mats for Laser Tissue Bonding. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091613. [PMID: 35564323 PMCID: PMC9105542 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In spite of an extensive body of academic initiatives and innovative products, the toolkit of wound dressing has always revolved around a few common concepts such as adhesive patches and stitches and their variants. Our work aims at an alternative solution for an immediate restitutio ad integrum of the mechanical functionality in cutaneous repairs. We describe the fabrication and the application of electrospun mats of bioactive nanofibers all made of biocompatible components such as a natural polysaccharide and a cyanine dye for use as laser-activatable plasters, resembling the ultrastructure of human dermis. In particular, we investigate their morphological features and mechanical moduli under conditions of physiological relevance, and we test their use to bind a frequent benchmark of connective tissue as rabbit tendon and a significant case of clinical relevance as human dermis. Altogether, our results point to the feasibility of a new material for wound dressing combining translational potential, strength close to human dermis, extensibility exceeding 15% and state-of-art adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ratto
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Giada Magni
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, BO, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Giannelli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, BO, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Centi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Werner Oberhauser
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.R.)
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4
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Sánchez-Cid P, Jiménez-Rosado M, Rubio-Valle JF, Romero A, Ostos FJ, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Perez-Puyana V. Biocompatible and Thermoresistant Hydrogels Based on Collagen and Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:272. [PMID: 35054678 PMCID: PMC8781623 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are considered good biomaterials for soft tissue regeneration. In this sense, collagen is the most used raw material to develop hydrogels, due to its high biocompatibility. However, its low mechanical resistance, thermal stability and pH instability have generated the need to look for alternatives to its use. In this sense, the combination of collagen with another raw material (i.e., polysaccharides) can improve the final properties of hydrogels. For this reason, the main objective of this work was the development of hydrogels based on collagen and chitosan. The mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of the hydrogels formed with different ratios of collagen/chitosan (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100) were evaluated after being processed by two variants of a protocol consisting in two stages: a pH change towards pH 7 and a temperature drop towards 4 °C. The main results showed that depending on the protocol, the physicochemical and microstructural properties of the hybrid hydrogels were similar to the unitary system depending on the stage carried out in first place, obtaining FTIR peaks with similar intensity or a more porous structure when chitosan was first gelled, instead of collagen. As a conclusion, the synergy between collagen and chitosan improved the properties of the hydrogels, showing good thermomechanical properties and cell viability to be used as potential biomaterials for Tissue Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Cid
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - José Fernando Rubio-Valle
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Centre, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Alberto Romero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Francisco J. Ostos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.J.O.); (M.R.-E.-I.B.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.J.O.); (M.R.-E.-I.B.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Victor Perez-Puyana
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
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Viscoelastic properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with cellulose nanocrystals fabricated through sodium chloride addition: Rheological evidence of double network formation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Ahmadi N, Kharaziha M, Labbaf S. Core-shell fibrous membranes of PVDF-Ba 0.9Ca 0.1TiO 3/PVA with osteogenic and piezoelectric properties for bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 15:015007. [PMID: 31694002 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to promote the bioactivity and osteogenic characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) fibrous membrane, while preserving its piezoelectric property for bone regeneration. In this regard, core-shell fibrous membrane of PVDF-Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) was developed via emulsion electrospinning approach. While PVA was in the outer layer of fibers with thickness of 53 ± 18 nm, the Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 nanoparticles was uniformly dispersed in the PVDF core. The formation of PVA shell resulted in significant improvement of its hydrophilicity (3 times) and degradation rate, while piezoelectricity did noticeably modulate. In addition, incorporation of Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 nanopowder remarkably improved bioactivity, protein adsorption and mechanical properties of PVDF/PVA fibrous membranes. Finally, the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on the nanocomposite fibrous membranes, in the absence of osteogenic supplements, was also observed. Overall, the results confirmed the promising potential of PVDF-Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3/PVA fibrous membrane containing 1-2 wt% nanopowder for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ahmadi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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7
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Sun MT, O’Connor AJ, Milne I, Biswas D, Casson R, Wood J, Selva D. Development of Macroporous Chitosan Scaffolds for Eyelid Tarsus Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:595-604. [PMID: 31824822 PMCID: PMC6879684 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reconstruction of large eyelid defects remains challenging due to the lack of suitable eyelid tarsus tissue substitutes. We aimed to evaluate a novel bioengineered chitosan scaffold for use as an eyelid tarsus substitute. Methods Three-dimensional macroporous chitosan hydrogel scaffold were produced via cryogelation with specific biomechanical properties designed to directly match characteristics of native eyelid tarsus tissue. Scaffolds were characterized by confocal microscopy and tensile mechanical testing. To optimise biocompatibility, human eyelid skin fibroblasts were cultured from biopsy-sized samples of fresh eyelid skin. Immunological and gene expression analysis including specific fibroblast-specific markers were used to determine the rate of fibroblast de-differentiation in vitro and characterize cells cultured. Eyelid skin fibroblasts were then cultured over the chitosan scaffolds and the resultant adhesion and growth of cells were characterized using immunocytochemical staining. Results The chitosan scaffolds were shown to support the attachment and proliferation of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human orbital skin fibroblasts in vitro. Our novel bioengineered chitosan scaffold has demonstrated biomechanical compatibility and has the ability to support human eyelid skin fibroblast growth and proliferation. Conclusions This bioengineered tissue has the potential to be used as a tarsus substitute during eyelid reconstruction, offering the opportunity to pre-seed the patient's own cells and represents a truly personalised approach to tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Sun
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Andrea J. O’Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Monash Road, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - Imogen Milne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Monash Road, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - Dhee Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Monash Road, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - Robert Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - John Wood
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
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8
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Zhou X, Tang X, Long R, Wang S, Wang P, Cai D, Liu Y. The Influence of bFGF on the Fabrication of Microencapsulated Cartilage Cells under Different Shaking Modes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030471. [PMID: 30960455 PMCID: PMC6473345 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell encapsulation in hydrogels has been extensively used in cytotherapy, regenerative medicine, 3D cell culture, and tissue engineering. Herein, we fabricated microencapsulated cells through microcapsules loaded with C5.18 chondrocytes alginate/chitosan prepared by a high-voltage electrostatic method. Under optimized conditions, microencapsulated cells presented uniform size distribution, good sphericity, and a smooth surface with different cell densities. The particle size distribution was determined at 150–280 μm, with an average particle diameter of 220 μm. The microencapsulated cells were cultured under static, shaking, and 3D micro-gravity conditions with or without bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) treatment. The quantified detection (cell proliferation detection and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/type II collagen (Col-II)) content was respectively determined by cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8) and dimethylmethylene blue (DMB)/Col-II secretion determination) and qualitative detection (acridine orange/ethidium bromide, hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue, safranin-O, and immunohistochemistry staining) of these microencapsulated cells were evaluated. Results showed that microencapsulated C5.18 cells under three-dimensional microgravity conditions promoted cells to form large cell aggregates within 20 days by using bFGF, which provided the possibility for cartilage tissue constructs in vitro. It could be found from the cell viability (cell proliferation) and synthesis (content of GAG and Col-II) results that microencapsulated cells had a better cell proliferation under 3D micro-gravity conditions using bFGF than under 2D conditions (including static and shaking conditions). We anticipate that these results will be a benefit for the design and construction of cartilage regeneration in future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ruimin Long
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shibin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Institutes of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Duanhua Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yuangang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Institutes of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Nada AA, Soliman AAF, Aly AA, Abou-Okeil A. Stimuli-Free and Biocompatible Hydrogel via Hydrazone Chemistry: Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioassessment. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Nada
- Pre-treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Dept.; Textile Research Division; National Research Centre (Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618); Dokki 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. F. Soliman
- Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division; Department of Pharmacognosy; National Research Centre; Dokki, 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Amal A. Aly
- Pre-treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Dept.; Textile Research Division; National Research Centre (Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618); Dokki 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abou-Okeil
- Pre-treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Dept.; Textile Research Division; National Research Centre (Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618); Dokki 12622 Giza Egypt
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10
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Development and Characterization of a Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Graphene Oxide Composite Hydrogel as An Artificial Cartilage Material. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) is expected to be a suitable artificial articular cartilage material because of its high biocompatibility. However, it is difficult to affix to the surface of a living joint because it is bioinert and its mechanical strength needs to be improved. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) subjected to two oxidation rounds was used to form a nanocomposite material and the composite hydrogel PVA-GO-H was prepared by low-temperature crystallization. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the addition of GO can increase roughness of the hydrogel surface. Contact angle measurements showed that the surface of PVA-GO-H exhibited hydrophobicity that increased with GO concentration and not with that of PVA-H, indicating that the hydrophilic parts of PVA and GO form hydrogen bonds and the hydrophobic part of GO was exposed on the surface. Tensile tests demonstrated that Young’s modulus was enhanced on the addition of GO. Osteoblast cells showed more affinity for PVA-GO-H than PVA-H, which much more cells adhere to than to PVA-GO-H after a certain period of culturing, suggesting GO can improve the cell attachment of PVA-H. Further studies on the influence of the oxidation time of GO are still required.
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Marrella A, Lagazzo A, Dellacasa E, Pasquini C, Finocchio E, Barberis F, Pastorino L, Giannoni P, Scaglione S. 3D Porous Gelatin/PVA Hydrogel as Meniscus Substitute Using Alginate Micro-Particles as Porogens. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E380. [PMID: 30966415 PMCID: PMC6415243 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the current major challenges in orthopedic surgery is the treatment of meniscal lesions. Some of the main issues include mechanical consistency of meniscal implants, besides their fixation methods and integration with the host tissues. To tackle these aspects we realized a micro-porous, gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel to approach the high percentage of water present in the native meniscal tissue, recapitulating its biomechanical features, and, at the same time, realizing a porous implant, permissive to cell infiltration and tissue integration. In particular, we adopted aerodynamically-assisted jetting technology to realize sodium alginate micro-particles with controlled dimensions to be used as porogens. The porous hydrogels were realized through freezing-thawing cycles, followed by alginate particles leaching. Composite hydrogels showed a high porosity (74%) and an open porous structure, while preserving the elasticity behavior (E = 0.25 MPa) and high water content, typical of PVA-based hydrogels. The ex vivo animal model validation proved that the addition of gelatin, combined with the micro-porosity of the hydrogel, enhanced implant integration with the host tissue, allowing penetration of host cells within the construct boundaries. Altogether, these results show that the combined use of a water-insoluble micro-porogen and gelatin, as a bioactive agent, allowed the realization of a porous composite PVA-based hydrogel to be envisaged as a potential meniscal substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marrella
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, IEIIT Institute, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Largo L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alberto Lagazzo
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, via all'Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Elena Dellacasa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Via all' Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy.
| | - Camilla Pasquini
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, IEIIT Institute, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Finocchio
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, via all'Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Barberis
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, via all'Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Pastorino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Via all' Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Largo L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, IEIIT Institute, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy.
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Huang SH, Sheth S, Jain E, Jiang X, Zustiak SP, Yang L. Whispering gallery mode resonator sensor for in situ measurements of hydrogel gelation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:51-62. [PMID: 29328293 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are compact and ultrasensitive devices, which enable label-free sensing at the single-molecule level. Despite their high sensitivity, WGM resonators have not been thoroughly investigated for use in dynamic biochemical processes including molecular diffusion and polymerization. In this work, the first report of using WGM sensors to continuously monitor a chemical reaction (i.e. gelation) in situ in a hydrogel is described. Specifically, we monitor and quantify the gelation dynamics of polyacrylamide hydrogels using WGM resonators and compare the results to an established measurement method based on rheology. Rheology measures changes in viscoelasticity, while WGM resonators measure changes in refractive index. Different gelation conditions were studied by varying the total monomer concentration and crosslinker concentration of the hydrogel precursor solution, and the resulting similarities and differences in the signal from the WGM resonator and rheology are elucidated. This work demonstrates that WGM alone or in combination with rheology can be used to investigate the gelation dynamics of hydrogels to provide insights into their gelation mechanisms.
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Abstract
This review places an emphasis on chitosan intelligent hydrogels. The fabrication methods and mechanisms are introduced in this review and the interactions of the formation of hydrogels with both physical and chemical bonds are also introduced. The relationship between the structural characteristics and the corresponding functions of stimuli-responsive characteristics, self-healing functions and high mechanical strength properties of the chitosan hydrogels are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering
| | - Fuchao Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
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Munj HR, Lannutti JJ, Tomasko DL. Understanding Behavior of Polycaprolactone–Gelatin Blends under High Pressure CO2. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x17060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Tang Q, Luo C, Lu B, Fu Q, Yin H, Qin Z, Lyu D, Zhang L, Fang Z, Zhu Y, Yao K. Thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels releasing stromal cell derived factor-1 alpha recruit MSC for corneal epithelium regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 61:101-113. [PMID: 28780431 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Corneal epithelium integrity depends on continuous self-renewing of epithelium and connections between adjacent cells or between the cells and the basement membrane. Self-renewing epithelium cells mainly arise from the continuous proliferation and differentiation of the basal layer and limbal stem cells. The aim of the present study was to generate a bioactive, thermosensitive chitosan-gelatin hydrogel (CHI hydrogel) by incorporating exogenous recombinant human stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 alpha) for corneal epithelium regeneration. The exogenous SDF-1 alpha could enhance the stem cells proliferation, chemotaxis and migration, and the expression levels of related genes were significantly elevated in LESCs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. Moreover, the MSCs promoted the proliferation and maintained the corneal fate of the LESCs. The rat alkali injury model was used for in vivo study. The injured eyes were covered with CHI hydrogel alone or rhSDF-1 alpha-loaded CHI hydrogel. All rats were followed for 13days. Histological examination showed that the SDF-1 alpha/CHI hydrogel complex group had a nearly normal thickness; moreover, it was also found that this group could upregulate the expression of some genes and had more ΔNp63-positive cells. The SDF-1 alpha/CHI hydrogel complex group had a more tightly arranged epithelium compared with the control group using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanism for this may have involved the activation of stem cell homing and the secretion of growth factors via the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine axis. Therefore, SDF-1 alpha/CHI hydrogel complexes could provide a new idea for the clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clarity of cornea is important for normal vision. The loss or dysfunction of LESCs leads to the impairment of corneal epithelium. The complete regeneration of corneal epithelium has not been achieved. Our study demonstrated that the incorporation of rhSDF-1 alpha with CHI hydrogel accelerated corneal epithelium reconstruction with more native structural and functional properties. The mechanism may involve in inducing proliferation and migration of the LESCs and MSCs to the injury site via the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine axis. Therefore, SDF-1 alpha/CHI hydrogel complexes could be a practical application for clinical therapy.
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Kim DK, In Kim J, Sim BR, Khang G. Bioengineered porous composite curcumin/silk scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:571-578. [PMID: 28576023 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair is a challenge due to its limited self-repair capacity. Cartilage tissue engineering supports to overcome following injuries or degenerative diseases. Herein, we fabricated the scaffold composed of curcumin and silk fibroin as an appropriate clinical replacement for defected cartilage. The scaffolds were designed to have adequate pore size and mechanical strength for cartilage repair. Cell proliferation, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content and mRNA expression analysis indicated that chondrocytes remained viable and showed its growth ability in the curcumin/silk scaffolds. Especially, in 1mg/ml curcumin/silk scaffold showed higher cell viability rate and extracellular matrix formation than other experimental groups. Furthermore, curcumin/silk scaffold showed its biocompatibility and favorable environment for cartilage repair after transplantation in vivo, as indicated in histological examination results. Overall, the functional composite curcumin/silk scaffold can be applied in cartilage tissue engineering and promising substrate for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Kyung Kim
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong In Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ra Sim
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Enzymatically-gellable galactosylated chitosan: Hydrogel characteristics and hepatic cell behavior. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:892-899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Mei N, Chen G, Zhou P, Chen X, Shao ZZ, Pan LF, Wu CG. Biocompatibility of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffold Modified by Chitosan—The Fibroblasts Proliferation in vitro. J Biomater Appl 2016; 19:323-39. [PMID: 15788428 DOI: 10.1177/0885328205048630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the surface of poly("-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold was modified by chitosan (CS) in order to enhance its cell affinity and biocompatibility. It is demonstrated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) that when 0.5-2.0 wt% chitosan solutions are used to modify the PCL scaffold, the amount of adhesion of the fibroblasts on the chitosan-modified PCL scaffolds dramatically increase when compared to the control after 7 days cell culture. The results indicate that the chitosan-modified PCL scaffolds are more favorable for cell proliferation by improving the scaffold biocompatibility. The improvement may be helpful for the extensive applications of PCL scaffold in heart valve and blood vessel tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Mei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Macromolecular Science Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Wang F, Wen Y, Bai T. The composite hydrogels of polyvinyl alcohol-gellan gum-Ca(2+) with improved network structure and mechanical property. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:268-75. [PMID: 27612713 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The composite hydrogels of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gellan gum (GG) are of interesting in the biomaterials application. To improve the structure and mechanical property, in this work, Ca(2+) ion was introduced to crosslink the polymer chain, and the PVA-GG-Ca(2+) hydrogel was formed. By analyzing its structure, mechanical properties, swelling and dehydration kinetics, the effect of molecular interaction on hydrogel structure and properties have been observed. Our result indicates that, as GG is added to hydrogel network, the role of Ca(2+) ion is stand out, it reorganizes the network structure, enhances the mechanical properties, and strengthens the electrolytic and hydrogen bonding interactions in PVA-GG-Ca(2+) hydrogels. These observations will benefit the development of hydrogels in biomaterials application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Wen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tongchun Bai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Ma Y, Bai T, Wang F. The physical and chemical properties of the polyvinylalcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:948-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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21
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Suzuki A, Sasaki S. Swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2015; 229:828-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411915615469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels are versatile biomaterials due to their excellent biocompatibility. In the past decades, physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogels have been extensively studied for biomedical applications. However, these materials have not yet been implemented due to their mechanical strength. Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels consist of a swollen amorphous network of poly(vinyl alcohol) physically crosslinked by microcrystallites. Although the mechanical properties can be improved to some extent by controlling the distribution of microcrystallites on the nano- and micro-scales, enhancing the mechanical properties while maintaining high water content remains very difficult. It may be technologically impossible to significantly improve the mechanical properties while keeping the gel’s high water absorbance ability using conventional fabrication methods. Physical and chemical understandings of the swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels are considered here; some promising strategies for their practical applications are presented. This review focuses more on the recent studies on swelling and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels, prepared using only poly(vinyl alcohol) and pure water with no other chemicals, as potential biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Materials Science, Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Saori Sasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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22
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Luo W, Zhang S, Li P, Xu R, Zhang Y, Liang L, Wood CD, Lu Q, Tan B. Surfactant-free CO2-in-water emulsion-templated poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Evaluation of nystatin containing chitosan hydrogels as potential dual action bio-active restorative materials: in vitro approach. J Funct Biomater 2014; 5:259-72. [PMID: 25459982 PMCID: PMC4285406 DOI: 10.3390/jfb5040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing is a specific biological process related to the general phenomenon of growth and tissue regeneration and is a process generally affected by several systemic conditions or as detrimental side-effects of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced inflammation of the oral mucosa. The objectives of this study is to evaluate the novel chitosan based functional drug delivery systems, which can be successfully incorporated into "dual action bioactive restorative materials", capable of inducing in vitro improved wound healing prototype and containing an antibiotic, such as nystatin, krill oil as an antioxidant and hydroxyapatite as a molecular bone scaffold, which is naturally present in bone and is reported to be successfully used in promoting bone integration when implanted as well as promoting healing. The hydrogels were prepared using a protocol as previously reported by us. The physico-chemical features, including surface morphology (SEM), release behaviors, stability of the therapeutic agent-antioxidant-chitosan, were measured and compared to the earlier reported chitosan-antioxidant containing hydrogels. Structural investigations of the reactive surface of the hydrogel are reported. Release of nystatin was investigated for all newly prepared hydrogels. Bio-adhesive studies were performed in order to assess the suitability of these designer materials. Free radical defense capacity of the biomaterials was evaluated using established in vitro model. The bio-adhesive capacity of the materials in the in vitro system was tested and quantified. It was found that the favorable synergistic effect of free radical built-in defense mechanism of the new functional materials increased sustainable bio-adhesion and therefore acted as a functional multi-dimensional restorative material with potential application in wound healing in vitro.
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24
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Sakai S, Taya M. On-Cell Surface Cross-Linking of Polymer Molecules by Horseradish Peroxidase Anchored to Cell Membrane for Individual Cell Encapsulation in Hydrogel Sheath. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:972-975. [PMID: 35610778 DOI: 10.1021/mz5004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel sheaths were fabricated on the surfaces of individual mammalian cells through the cross-linking of polymer molecules catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in aqueous solution. For confining the progress of the cross-linking only on the cell surface, HRP was anchored to the cell membrane by soaking the cells in the solution containing the HRP conjugated with a biocompatible anchor molecule for cell membrane. The hydrogel sheath of about 1 μm thickness was obtained by soaking the cells with the anchored HRP in aqueous solution containing polymers possessing phenolic hydroxyl (Ph) moieties and H2O2 for 10 min. The hydrogel sheaths could be made from a variety of polymers possessing Ph moieties, for example, derivatives of polysaccharide, protein, and synthetic polymer. Cytocompatibility of the on-cell surface enzymatic hydrogel sheath formation was confirmed from the viability of the enclosed cells (>90%) and subsequent normal growth after removal of the hydrogel sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakai
- Division of Chemical
Engineering,
Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masahito Taya
- Division of Chemical
Engineering,
Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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25
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Sakai S, Khanmohammadi M, Khoshfetrat AB, Taya M. Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed formation of hydrogels from chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) derivatives both possessing phenolic hydroxyl groups. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:404-9. [PMID: 25037368 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed cross-linking was applied to prepare hydrogels from aqueous solutions containing chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) derivatives both possessing phenolic hydroxyl groups (denoted as Ph-chitosan and Ph-PVA, respectively). Comparing the hydrogels prepared from the solution of 1.0% (w/v) Ph-chitosan and 3.0% (w/v) Ph-PVA and that of 3.0% (w/v) Ph-chitosan and 1.0% (w/v) Ph-PVA, the gelation time of the former hydrogel was 47 s, while was 10s longer than that of the latter one. The breaking point for the former hydrogel under stretching (114% strain) was approximately twice larger than that for the latter one. The swelling ratio of the former hydrogel in saline was about half of the latter one. Fibroblastic cells did not adhere on the former hydrogel but adhered and spread on the latter one. The growth of Escherichia coli cells was fully suppressed on the latter hydrogel during 48 h cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakai
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Mehdi Khanmohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Masahito Taya
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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26
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Smithmyer ME, Sawicki LA, Kloxin AM. Hydrogel scaffolds as in vitro models to study fibroblast activation in wound healing and disease. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:634-650. [PMID: 25379176 PMCID: PMC4217222 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing results from complex signaling between cells and their environment in response to injury. Fibroblasts residing within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of various connective tissues are critical for matrix synthesis and repair. Upon injury or chronic insult, these cells activate into wound-healing cells, called myofibroblasts, and repair the damaged tissue through enzyme and protein secretion. However, misregulation and persistence of myofibroblasts can lead to uncontrolled accumulation of matrix proteins, tissue stiffening, and ultimately disease. Extracellular cues are important regulators of fibroblast activation and have been implicated in their persistence. Hydrogel-based culture models have emerged as useful tools to examine fibroblast response to ECM cues presented during these complex processes. In this Mini-Review, we will provide an overview of these model systems, which are built upon naturally-derived or synthetic materials, and mimic relevant biophysical and biochemical properties of the native ECM with different levels of control. Additionally, we will discuss the application of these hydrogel-based systems for the examination of fibroblast function and fate, including adhesion, migration, and activation, as well as approaches for mimicking both static and temporal aspects of extracellular environments. Specifically, we will highlight hydrogels that have been used to investigate the effects of matrix rigidity, protein binding, and cytokine signaling on fibroblast activation. Last, we will describe future directions for the design of hydrogels to develop improved synthetic models that mimic the complex extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Smithmyer
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - Lisa A. Sawicki
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
- Materials Science & Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
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27
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Novel hydrogels of chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-glycolic acid copolymer with enhanced rheological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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28
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Perchyonok VT, Zhang S, Basson N, Grobler S, Oberholzer T, Massey W. Insights into Functional Tetracycline/Antioxidant Containing Chitosan Hydrogels as Potential Bio-Active Restorative Materials: Structure, Function and Antimicrobial Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2014.43016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol–chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:1016-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Hosta-Rigau L, Jensen BEB, Fjeldsø KS, Postma A, Li G, Goldie KN, Albericio F, Zelikin AN, Städler B. Surface-adhered composite poly(vinyl alcohol) physical hydrogels: polymersome-aided delivery of therapeutic small molecules. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184834 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Ignatova M, Manolova N, Toshkova R, Rashkov I, Gardeva E, Yossifova L, Alexandrov M. Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous materials containing gossypol: Preparation by electrospinning, characterization and antiproliferative activity towards HeLa cells. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fejerskov B, Jensen BEB, Jensen NBS, Chong SF, Zelikin AN. Engineering surface adhered poly(vinyl alcohol) physical hydrogels as enzymatic microreactors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4981-4990. [PMID: 22939117 DOI: 10.1021/am3013467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we characterize physical hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, as intelligent biointerfaces for surface-mediated drug delivery. Specifically, we assemble microstructured (μS) surface adhered hydrogels via noncryogenic gelation of PVA, namely polymer coagulation using sodium sulfate (Na(2)SO(4)). We present systematic investigation of concentrations of Na(2)SO(4) as a tool of control over assembly of μS PVA hydrogels and quantify polymer losses and retention within the hydrogels. For polymer quantification, we use custom-made PVA with single terminal thiol group in a form of mixed disulfide with Ellman's reagent which provides for a facile UV-vis assay of polymer content in coagulation baths, subsequent washes in physiological buffer, and within the hydrogel phase. Polymer coagulation using varied concentrations of sodium sulfate afforded biointerfaces with controlled elasticity for potential uses in investigating mechano-sensitive effects of mammalian cell culture. For surface mediated drug delivery, we propose a novel concept termed Substrate Mediated Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (SMEPT) and characterize μS PVA hydrogels as reservoirs for enzymatic cargo. Assembled functional interfaces are used as matrices for cell culture and delivery of anticancer drug achieved through administration of a benign prodrug, its conversion into an active therapeutic within the hydrogel phase, and subsequent internalization by adhered hepatic cells. Taken together, the presented data contribute significantly to the development of novel matrices for surface-mediated drug delivery and other biomedical applications.
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Gao W, Lai JCK, Leung SW. Functional enhancement of chitosan and nanoparticles in cell culture, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical applications. Front Physiol 2012; 3:321. [PMID: 22934070 PMCID: PMC3429090 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a biomaterial, chitosan has been widely used in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and other biomedical applications. It can be formulated in a variety of forms, such as powder, film, sphere, gel, and fiber. These features make chitosan an almost ideal biomaterial in cell culture applications, and cell cultures arguably constitute the most practical way to evaluate biocompatibility and biotoxicity. The advantages of cell cultures are that they can be performed under totally controlled environments, allow high throughput functional screening, and are less costly, as compared to other assessment methods. Chitosan can also be modified into multilayer composite by combining with other polymers and moieties to alter the properties of chitosan for particular biomedical applications. This review briefly depicts and discusses applications of chitosan and nanoparticles in cell culture, in particular, the effects of chitosan and nanoparticles on cell adhesion, cell survival, and the underlying molecular mechanisms: both stimulatory and inhibitory influences are discussed. Our aim is to update the current status of how nanoparticles can be utilized to modify the properties of chitosan to advance the art of tissue engineering by using cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Idaho State University Pocatello, ID, USA
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Elzatahry AA, Al-Enizi AM, Elsayed EA, Butorac RR, Al-Deyab SS, Wadaan MAM, Cowley AH. Nanofiber composites containing N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with antimicrobial activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2829-32. [PMID: 22745545 PMCID: PMC3383321 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This report concerns nanofiber composites that incorporate N-heterocyclic carbenes and the use of such composites for testing antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The nanofiber composites were produced by electrospinning mixtures of the gold chloride or gold acetate complexes of a bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN)-supported NHC with aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The products were characterized by scanning-electron microscopy, which revealed that nanofibers in the range of 250–300 nm had been produced. The biological activities of the nanofiber composites were tested against two Gram-positive bacteria, six Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungal strains. No activity was evident against the fungal strains. However, the gold chloride complex was found to be active against all the Gram-positive pathogens and one of the Gram-negative pathogens. It was also found that the activity of the produced nanofibers was localized and that no release of the bioactive compound from the nanofibers was evident. The demonstrated antimicrobial activities of these novel nanofiber composites render them potentially useful as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elzatahry
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Choi JS, Yoo HS. Chitosan/Pluronic Hydrogel Containing bFGF/Heparin for Encapsulation of Human Dermal Fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:210-23. [DOI: 10.1163/156856212x630267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Suk Choi
- a Department of Biomaterials Engineering , School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , 200-701 , South Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- a Department of Biomaterials Engineering , School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , 200-701 , South Korea
- b Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University , South Korea
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Lim KS, Kundu J, Reeves A, Poole-Warren LA, Kundu SC, Martens PJ. The Influence of Silkworm Species on Cellular Interactions with Novel PVA/Silk Sericin Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:322-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Brook MA, Zhao S, Liu L, Chen Y. Surface etching of silicone elastomers by depolymerization. CAN J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Silicone elastomer surfaces that are rough at the nanometer to micron scales could be useful for biomaterials, but there are few efficient routes for their preparation. Silicones undergo depolymerization under equilibrating conditions. We demonstrate that surface roughness can be induced by depolymerizing silicone elastomers using triflic acid, tetrabutylammonium fluoride or KOH as catalysts. The efficiency of depolymerization, however, is decoupled from the roughness that develops. When the catalysts are dissolved in solvents that do not effectively swell silicones, the etching reaction can be mostly directed to the elastomer surface. Acid catalysis leads to slow, nearly homogenous surface erosion with surface roughnesses only increasing from 15 to about 125 nm root mean squared roughness. By contrast, once KOH partitions into the elastomer, the rate of erosion is more efficient than return of the catalyst to the solvent, leading to deep channels and roughnesses of up to ∼850 nm. The use of fluoride requires good solvents for silicone, and leads to surfaces of intermediate roughness. Thus, judicious choice of catalyst and solvent permits independent control over depolymerization and the induction of surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Shigui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
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Mishra RK, Majeed ABA, Banthia AK. Fabrication and characterization of Chitosan/Poly (vinyl alcohol)-co-(vinyl acetate)-co-(itaconic acid) hydrogel membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12588-011-9012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alves MH, Jensen BEB, Smith AAA, Zelikin AN. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Physical Hydrogels: New Vista on a Long Serving Biomaterial. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1293-313. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Vrana NE, Cahill PA, McGuinness GB. Endothelialization of PVA/gelatin cryogels for vascular tissue engineering: effect of disturbed shear stress conditions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:1080-90. [PMID: 20694975 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based cryogels are extremely well suited for vascular tissue engineering applications. However, their surface properties lead to a slow rate of endothelialization, and the mode of cell attachment leaves the endothelium susceptible to removal under physiological shear stress conditions. In this study, abrupt and ramped disturbed shear stress conditions created by a turbulent orbital flow were used to examine endothelialization on PVA/gelatin cryogels. Cell proliferation rate and apoptosis were evaluated by fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, and the expression of cell-adhesion molecules was used to evaluate the response of cells on cryogels to static and shear conditions by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Application of a ramped shear stress had a profound effect on endothelial cell proliferation (22.30 +/- 0.20-fold increase), necrosis (eliminated), apoptosis (1.04 +/- 0.18 increase), and overall facilitation of endothelialization while concomitantly increasing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis levels. Ramped shear stress was also effective in helping the retention of the endothelial cells on the cryogel surface, whereas abrupt application caused widespread removal. Under static conditions, Selectin-P expression decreased, whereas both inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-I expression increased on cryogels over a 10-day culture period. Under both shear stress conditions, Selectin-P expression was decreased both on cryogels and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Controlled application of disturbed shear stress shortens endothelialization times on cryogel surfaces, in contrast to the established antiproliferative effect of shear stress caused by laminar flow, without compromising their functionality. This demonstrates how such mechanical stimuli can be exploited to alter cellular behavior and facilitate the required outcomes for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Engin Vrana
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Materials Processing Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ibrahim S, Kang QK, Ramamurthi A. The impact of hyaluronic acid oligomer content on physical, mechanical, and biologic properties of divinyl sulfone-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:355-70. [PMID: 20186732 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, we showed that exogenous hyaluronic acid oligomers (HA-o) stimulate functional endothelialization, though native long-chain HA is more bioinert and possibly more biocompatible. Thus, in this study, hydrogels containing high molecular weight (HMW) HA (1 x 10(6) Da) and HA-o mixtures (HA-o: 0.75-10 kDa) were created by crosslinking with divinyl sulfone (DVS). The incorporation of HA-o was found to compromise the physical and mechanical properties of the gels (rheology, apparent crosslinking density, swelling ratio, degradation) and to very mildly enhance inflammatory cell recruitment in vivo; increasing the DVS crosslinker content within the gels in general, had the opposite effect, though the relatively high concentration of DVS within these gels (necessary to create a solid gel) also stimulated a mild subcutaneous inflammatory response in vivo and VCAM-1 expression by endothelial cells (ECs) cultured atop; ICAM-expression levels remained very low irrespective extent of DVS crosslinking or HA-o content. The greatest EC attachment and proliferation (MTT assay) was observed on gels that contained the highest amount of HA-o. The study shows that the beneficial EC response to HA-o and biocompatibility of HA is mostly unaltered by their chemical derivatization and crosslinking into a hydrogel. However, the study also demonstrates that the relatively high concentrations of DVS, necessary to create solid gels, compromise their biocompatibility. Moreover, the poor mechanics of even these heavily crosslinked gels, in the context of vascular implantation, necessitates the investigation of other, more appropriate crosslinking agents. Alternately, the outcomes of this study may be used to guide an approach based on chemical immobilization and controlled surface-presentation of both bioactive HA-o and more biocompatible HMW HA on synthetic or tissue engineered grafts already in use, without the use of a crosslinker, so that improved, predictable, and functional endothelialization can be achieved, and the need to create a mechanically compliant biomaterial for standalone use, circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ibrahim
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as future implant materials. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-009-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martins A, Gang W, Pinho ED, Rebollar E, Chiussi S, Reis RL, León B, Neves NM. Surface modification of a biodegradable composite by UV laser ablation:in vitrobiological performance. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:444-53. [DOI: 10.1002/term.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zhang HZ, He ZC, Liu GH, Qiao YZ. Properties of different chitosan/low-density polyethylene antibacterial plastics. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu Y, Vrana NE, Cahill PA, McGuinness GB. Physically crosslinked composite hydrogels of PVA with natural macromolecules: Structure, mechanical properties, and endothelial cell compatibility. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:492-502. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shin YJ, Lee HI, Kim MK, Wee WR, Lee JH, Koh JH, Lee HJ, Lee JL, Min BM, Sohn YS, Kim HY. Biocompatibility of Nanocomposites Used for Artificial Conjunctiva:In VivoExperiments. Curr Eye Res 2009; 32:1-10. [PMID: 17364729 DOI: 10.1080/02713680601077061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the biocompatibility of nanocomposites used for artificial conjunctiva. METHODS Fifty New Zealand white rabbits were used for the experiments. Nanocomposites of poly -caprolactone (PCL) and of PCL coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PCL+PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PCL+PVP), or chitosan (PCL+C), and amniotic membrane (AM) as a control, were cut into small disks with a diameter of 3.5 mm. The disks were inserted underneath the conjunctiva to measure their inflammation-inducing properties. To investigate epithelial adhesion and goblet cell differentiation, the disks were transplanted after round conjunctival excision. Cultivated conjunctival epithelial cells on nanocomposite were then transplanted onto the abdomen of Balb/c athymic mice. The number of inflammatory cells and the density of goblet cells were measured using hematoxylin and eosin, periodic-acid-Schiff, and immunohistochemistry after 2 weeks. RESULTS The number of inflammatory cells found inside of the inserts was as follows: 21 +/- 4.9 for controls, 21 +/- 15.1 for PCL, 49.6 +/- 26.0 for PCL+PVP, 40.2 +/- 17.1 for PCL+C, and 13.8 +/- 3.9 for PCL+PVA. In PCL+PVA, the accumulation of inflammatory cells was significantly lower than in the controls (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U). The reepithelialization of conjunctival cells was accomplished in more than 75% of all disks except for the PCL+C. In addition, we found the differentiation of goblet cells in the following order from greatest to least: amniotic membrane, PCL, and PCL+PVP. CONCLUSIONS Nanocomposites of PCL were biocompatible in rabbit conjunctiva, suggesting that PCL may be considered as a candidate for use in the development of artificial conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Donnguk University International Hospital. Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Temtem M, Silva LM, Andrade PZ, dos Santos F, da Silva CL, Cabral JM, Abecasis MM, Aguiar-Ricardo A. Supercritical CO2 generating chitosan devices with controlled morphology. Potential application for drug delivery and mesenchymal stem cell culture. J Supercrit Fluids 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Self-assembled amphiphilic polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jiang T, Wang G, Qiu J, Luo L, Zhang G. Heparinized poly(vinyl alcohol)–small intestinal submucosa composite membrane for coronary covered stents. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:025012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/2/025012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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