1
|
Bolt LM, Owens JL, Grant MT, Coggeshall EMC, Russell DG, Merrigan-Johnson C, Jacobson ZS, Schmidt ZT, Kaser FVE, Schreier AL. Edge effects and social behavior in three platyrrhines. Am J Primatol 2024:e23610. [PMID: 38402143 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Social behavior is a key adaptation for group-living primates. It is important to assess changes to social behavior in human-impacted landscape zones to better understand the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on primate species. We investigated social behavior rate and type in three species of platyrrhines across 100 m anthropogenic edge and interior zones of a fragmented forest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station (LSBRS). Following results from other sites, we predicted that spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator) and howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) would show lower rates and fewer types of social behavior in forest edge compared to interior. We collected 1341 h of instantaneous focal data from 2017 to 2023 across the three monkey species. We found mixed support for our predictions, with spider and capuchin monkeys modifying some but not all aspects of social behavior across forest zones at LSBRS. Spider monkeys had lower rates of social behavior and capuchin monkeys performed different types of social behaviors in forest edge compared to interior at LSBRS. In contrast, howler monkeys did not modify social behavior. Two out of three platyrrhine species altered their social behavior when in anthropogenic edges, indicating behavioral adjustment when in human-altered habitat areas at LSBRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bolt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jenna L Owens
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Madison Taylor Grant
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Coggeshall
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Dorian G Russell
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carrie Merrigan-Johnson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zachary S Jacobson
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Zachary T Schmidt
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Amy L Schreier
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mbora DNM, Mutua MN. The joint effects of forest habitat area and fragmentation on dung beetles. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10429. [PMID: 37636869 PMCID: PMC10451379 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and habitat fragmentation usually occur together, at the same time and place. However, while there is a consensus that habitat loss is the preeminent threat to biodiversity, the effects of fragmentation are contentious. Some argue that habitat fragmentation is not bad for biodiversity, and even that it is good. Generally, the studies that find no harm or positive outcomes of fragmentation invariably assume that it is independent of habitat loss. However, dissociating the effects of habitat fragmentation from habitat loss is questionable because the two are essentially coupled. Accordingly, we evaluated how forest area and fragmentation (via edge effects) influenced dung beetles per se, and through their effects on the abundance of mammals, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Dung beetles are very sensitive to forest habitat loss and fragmentation and to changes in the abundance of mammals on which they depend for dung. Our study area was in the Tana River, Kenya, where forest fragments are depauperated of mammals except for two endemic species of monkeys. We mapped 12 forests, counted the resident monkeys, and sampled 113,955 beetles from 288 plots. Most of the 87 species of beetles found were small tunnellers. After implementing a fully latent Structural Regression SEM, the optimal model explained a significant 26% of the variance in abundance, and 89% of diversity. The main drivers of beetle abundance were positive, direct, effects of forest area and number of monkeys, and negative edge effects. The main drivers of diversity were the direct effects of the beetle abundance, indirect effects of forest area and abundance of mammals, and indirect negative edge effects. Thus, forest area, fragmentation (via edge effects), and the number of monkeys jointly influenced the abundance and diversity of the beetles directly and indirectly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Nyaga Mugo Mbora
- Department of Biology, The Program in Environmental ScienceWhittier CollegeWhittierCaliforniaUSA
- Tana River Primate National ReserveHolaKenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mora-Aguilar EF, Arriaga-Jiménez A, Correa CMA, da Silva PG, Korasaki V, López-Bedoya PA, Hernández MIM, Pablo-Cea JD, Salomão RP, Valencia G, Vulinec K, Edwards FA, Edwards DP, Halffter G, Noriega JA. Toward a standardized methodology for sampling dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in the Neotropics: A critical review. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1096208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe standardization of sampling protocols is imperative for robustly studying any taxonomic group. Replicable methods allow the comparison of data between different spatial and temporal studies. In the case of dung beetles, one of the best-studied indicator groups in analyses of environmental disturbance, a wide range of collection methodologies are used, from basic pitfall traps to more complex or complementary methods such as mini-Winkler extractor. Also, different types of attractive baits, sampling effort, durations, and designs are used in dung beetle studies. Variations in methodological approaches are particularly noted in the Neotropics, which may be related to the vast number of biological strategies and behavior of dung beetles that inhabit this region. A lack of methodological unification for the Neotropical region makes a cross-sectional analysis of the information impossible.MethodsWe performed a compilation and analytical review of the existing literature for dung beetle sampling in the Neotropics, discussing the most used methodologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and specific cases in which particular models are more efficient.ResultsPitfall traps baited with human excrement are the most common sampling method, but there is a wide range of models and variations in the structure of this trap. The complementary effect generated by flight interception traps, light traps, and direct collections, particularly within microhabitats, is exciting for the potential of finding new species. Some methodologies, such as mini-Winkler extractor, fogging, or very specific baits, are infrequently used.DiscussionThere was a lack of inclusion of spatial and temporal variation among studies. Therefore, it is necessary to consider broader sampling windows, which include different spatial scales, seasons, and years. Finally, we propose a standard protocol for sampling dung beetles in the Neotropics, depending on each objective, and including a basic methodology for obtaining complete local inventories.
Collapse
|
4
|
Simões-Clivatti TRO, Hernández MIM. Ecological indication metrics on dung beetles metacommunities in native forests and Pinus monocultures. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.972176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are commonly used as ecological indicators in studies about the effects of environmental changes. We analyzed the influence of the type of habitat, vegetation, mammals (as food resource), and temperature on dung beetle metacommunities in subtropical native forests and Pinus monocultures to evaluate the factors driving these assemblages. In the summer of 2018/2019, we sampled 12 areas in Southern Brazil, six Pinus monocultures and six native forests. We performed a dispersal test, applying a marking-recapture method. Some recaptures occurred in different habitats, showing low dispersal between habitats. We recorded behavioral activities confirming the use of both native forest and Pinus areas. The metrics did not reflect the difference in the environmental quality of the areas regarding species richness and diversity in different habitats. This shows that these metrics are not the best when using dung beetle assemblages as ecological indicators of biodiversity loss resulting from land-use changes, requiring complementing the analysis with composition analysis methods. When we partitioned beta diversity between habitats, we observed a dissimilarity between Pinus monocultures and native forest assemblages due to species substitution, with many species contributing to the dissimilarity between habitats. In our structural equation models, the influence of environmental factors on metacommunities showed no predictor related to dung beetle richness, but several variables influenced their abundance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Human Disturbance Affects Dung Beetle Assemblages in French Guiana Forests. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
French Guiana forests are threatened by increasing human activity such as infrastructure development, facilitating access to the forest and, therefore, logging, mining, farming and hunting. To highlight the impact of human pressure on the forest fauna, dung beetle assemblage was analyzed near Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock and compared with other sites in French Guiana, considering the distance to the main city and forest cover loss as proxies of human activities. Hill numbers and beta diversity were calculated. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and redundancy analyses were carried out to disentangle the effect of the distance to the nearest city and forest cover loss as proxies of human pressure, but also temperature and rainfall as proxies of climatic variations on dung beetle assemblage. Species richness increased significantly with the distance to the nearest city and decreasing forest cover loss. Assemblage structure varied among sites mainly with distance to the nearest city but also with rainfall. It varied also with forest cover loss, but not significantly. This study showed that human disturbances and climatic conditions, even if represented by proxies, affected dung beetle assemblage structures in French Guiana forests.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gigliotti MS, Togni PHB, Frizzas MR. Attractiveness of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) to faeces from native mammals in different trophic guilds. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Soares Gigliotti
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Brasília Federal District Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Brum Togni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Brasília Federal District Brazil
| | - Marina Regina Frizzas
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Brasília Federal District Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schreier AL, Voss KA, Bolt LM. Behavioral responses to riparian and anthropogenic edge effects in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in a disturbed riverine forest. Primates 2022; 63:659-670. [PMID: 35984548 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Fragmented forests contain natural edges, including riparian zones, and anthropogenic edges. Edges generally have lower plant density and fewer large trees than forest interior. Riparian edges, however, contain gap-specialist trees yielding leaves with high protein content, providing primates with important resources. We examined mantled howler monkeys' behavioral responses to riparian and anthropogenic edges at La Suerte Biological Research Station (LSBRS), Costa Rica. We predicted the monkeys would spend more time resting and feeding and less time traveling, and be less spatially cohesive, in both anthropogenic and riparian edges compared to forest interior due to lower resource abundance in edges, and in anthropogenic compared to riparian edge due to higher leaf quality in riparian zones. From 2017 to 2020, we collected data across forest zones on activity and spatial cohesion patterns via focal sampling, recording data every 2 min. Howler monkeys were significantly more likely to rest and significantly less likely to travel in both anthropogenic and riparian edges compared to forest interior; however, there were no differences between these edge types. There were significantly more monkeys within a 5-m radius of focal subjects in both anthropogenic and riparian edges compared to forest interior, but no differences between these edge types. While prior research found no differences across zones when only anthropogenic edge and forest interior were compared, results of this study demonstrate that howler monkeys at LSBRS modify their activity patterns in anthropogenic and riparian edge zones compared to forest interior, highlighting the importance of focusing on both natural and anthropogenic edge zones to fully understand primates' behavioral responses in fragmented landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Schreier
- Department of Biology, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd. D-8, Denver, CO, 80221, USA. .,The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, PO Box 55-7519, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Kristofor A Voss
- Department of Biology, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd. D-8, Denver, CO, 80221, USA
| | - Laura M Bolt
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, PO Box 55-7519, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bolt LM, Russell DG, Schreier AL. River edge feeding: Howler monkey feeding ecology in a fragmented riparian forest. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20210901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rivers are important components of animal habitats worldwide. The area near riparian edge (⩽100 m from the river) has different abiotic characteristics and vegetation than both forest interior and areas bordering human development, which may lead to differences in animal feeding behaviour. To better contextualize the impact of human-caused habitat destruction on animal feeding ecology, it is important to study both natural riparian and anthropogenic forest edges within the same habitat. We compared howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) feeding behaviour and tree use across four forest zones (riparian edge, anthropogenic edge, forest interior, and combined riparian and anthropogenic edge) in a fragmented riparian rainforest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station (LSBRS). We predicted that monkey feeding behaviour and tree use would differ across forest zones, and especially between riparian and anthropogenic edges due to higher vegetation quality near the river. We observed individual focal monkeys for 30-minute periods, collecting data on monkey feeding behaviour and tree use every 2 minutes. We recorded plant parts eaten and feeding tree taxonomy, and measured feeding trees. Monkeys ate more leaves in riparian edge than in other forest zones, and fed from fewer tree families in riparian edge and forest interior compared to anthropogenic edge. Monkeys also fed from trees with smaller DBH in riparian edge compared to other forest zones, but trees of similar height to forest interior and taller than anthropogenic edge. Our results indicate that riparian zones are rich habitats for howler monkeys and conservation efforts should prioritize their preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bolt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, P.O. Box 55-7519, Miami, FL 33255-7519, USA
| | - Dorian G. Russell
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, P.O. Box 55-7519, Miami, FL 33255-7519, USA
| | - Amy L. Schreier
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221-1099, USA
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, P.O. Box 55-7519, Miami, FL 33255-7519, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Population Dynamics of Nocturnal Lemurs in Littoral Forest Fragments: The Importance of Long-Term Monitoring. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Fotang C, Bröring U, Roos C, Enoguanbhor EC, Abwe EE, Dutton P, Schierack P, Angwafo TE, Birkhofer K. Human Activity and Forest Degradation Threaten Populations of the Nigeria–Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) in Western Cameroon. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIncreased human activities such as commodity-led deforestation, extension of agriculture, urbanization, and wildfires are major drivers of forest loss worldwide. In Cameroon, these activities cause a loss of suitable primate habitat and could ultimately threaten the survival of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We derived independent estimates of the population size of the Endangered Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) in Kom-Wum Forest Reserve, Cameroon, and surrounding unprotected forest areas through 1) direct observations, 2) camera trapping, 3) distance sampling, 4) marked nest counts, and 5) standing crop nest counts. In addition, we georeferenced signs of chimpanzee and human activity along line transects. We used a generalized linear mixed model to predict the occurrence of chimpanzees in response to edge length (measured as the perimeter of core forest patches), core area of forest patches (measured as area of forest patches beyond an edge width of 100 m), habitat perforation (measured as the perimeter of nonforested landscape within core forest patches), patch size(measured as area of forest patches), and forest cover. Chimpanzee density estimates ranged from 0.1 (direct observation) to 0.9 (distance sampling) individuals km−2 depending on estimation method with a mean nest group size of 7 ± 5.4 (SD). The mean encounter rate for signs of chimpanzee activity was significantly higher in mature forests (2.3 signs km−1) than in secondary forests (0.3 signs km−1) and above 1000 m elevation (4.0 signs km−1) than below 1000 m (1.0 signs km−1). The mean encounter rate for signs of human activity was significantly higher in secondary (8.0 signs km−1) than in mature forests (0.9 signs km−1). Secondary forests, habitat perforation, and edge length had a significant negative effect on the occurrence of chimpanzee signs. Overall, human activity and forest degradation affected the number of observed chimpanzee signs negatively. Regular antipoaching patrols and reforestation programs in degraded areas could potentially reduce threats to populations of endangered species and may increase suitable habitat area.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bolt LM, Schreier AL, Voss KA, Sheehan EA, Barrickman NL. Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bolt
- Department of Anthropology University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami FL USA
| | - Amy L. Schreier
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami FL USA
- Department of Biology Regis University Denver CO USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Sheehan
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami FL USA
- Department of Biology Regis University Denver CO USA
| | - Nancy L. Barrickman
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami FL USA
- Salt Lake Community College Salt Lake City UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Torppa KA, Wirta H, Hanski I. Unexpectedly diverse forest dung beetle communities in degraded rain forest landscapes in Madagascar. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Anneli Torppa
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Helena Wirta
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ortega-Martínez IJ, Moreno CE, Rios-Díaz CL, Arellano L, Rosas F, Castellanos I. Assembly mechanisms of dung beetles in temperate forests and grazing pastures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:391. [PMID: 31941989 PMCID: PMC6962461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of deterministic and stochastic mechanisms in community assembly is a key question in ecology, but little is known about their relative contribution in dung beetle assemblages. Moreover, in human modified landscapes these mechanisms are crucial to understand how biodiversity can be maintained in productive agroecosystems. We explored the assembly mechanisms driving dung beetle assemblages in forests and grazed grassland patches, and assessed the role of dung availability, soil hardness and moisture, elevation and land use heterogeneity as environmental predictors of functional diversity. To determine the underlying assembly mechanisms, we estimated functional diversity metrics (functional richness, evenness and divergence) and their departure from the predicted values by null models. We also used GLMs to assess the influence of environmental variables on functional diversity. In most cases, stochastic processes prevailed in structuring dung beetle assemblages and, consequently, environmental variables were not good predictors of dung beetle functional diversity. However, limiting similarity was found as a secondary mechanism with an effect on dung beetle assemblages in grasslands. Our results highlight the importance of stochastic processes that may reflect a metacommunity dynamic. Therefore, restoring landscape connectivity might be more important than habitat quality for the conservation of these functionally diverse beetle assemblages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse J Ortega-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Claudia E Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Cecilia Lucero Rios-Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Lucrecia Arellano
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rosas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bolt LM, Schreier AL, Russell DG, Jacobson ZS, Merrigan‐Johnson C, Barton MC, Coggeshall EMC. Howling on the edge: Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) howling behaviour and anthropogenic edge effects in a fragmented tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bolt
- Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA
| | - Amy L. Schreier
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA
- Department of Biology Regis University Denver Colorado USA
| | - Dorian G. Russell
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA
- Department of Environmental Science American University Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Zachary S. Jacobson
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA
- Department of Anthropology Grand Valley State University Allendale Michigan USA
| | - Carrie Merrigan‐Johnson
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA
- Department of Anthropology University of Toronto at Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Matthew C. Barton
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA
- Department of Biology Regis University Denver Colorado USA
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Coggeshall
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA
- Department of Anthropology Central Washington University Ellensburg Washington USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genes L, Fernandez FAS, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, da Rosa P, Fernandez E, Pires AS. Effects of howler monkey reintroduction on ecological interactions and processes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:88-98. [PMID: 29998590 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rewilding has been an increasingly popular tool to restore plant-animal interactions and ecological processes impaired by defaunation. However, the reestablishment of such processes has seldom been assessed. We investigated the restoration of ecological interactions following the reintroduction of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) to a defaunated Atlantic forest site. We expected the reintroduction to restore plant-animal interactions and interactions between howlers and dung beetles, which promote secondary seed dispersal. We estimated the number of interactions expected to be restored by the reintroduction to provide the baseline interaction richness that could be restored. We followed the reintroduced howler monkeys twice a week for 24 months (337 hours total) to assess their diet. We used howler monkey dung in secondary seed dispersal experiments with 2484 seed mimics to estimate the removal rates by dung beetles and collected the beetles to assess community attributes. We compared the potential future contribution of howler monkeys and other frugivores to seed dispersal based on the seed sizes they disperse in other areas where they occur. In 2 years, howler monkeys consumed 60 animal-dispersed plant species out of the 330 estimated. Twenty-one dung beetle species were attracted to experimentally provided dung; most of them were tunnelers, nocturnal, and large-sized (>10 mm). On average 30% (range 0-100%) of the large seed mimics (14 mm) were moved by dung beetles. About 91% of the species consumed by howlers (size range 0.3-34.3 mm) overlapped in seed size with those removed by dung beetles. In our study area, howler monkeys may consume more large-seeded fruit species than most other frugivores, highlighting their potential to affect forest regeneration. Our results show reintroductions may effectively restore ecological links and enhance ecological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Genes
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68020, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A S Fernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68020, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Rosa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro/CNCFlora, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernandez
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro/CNCFlora, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Alexandra S Pires
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bolt LM, Schreier AL, Voss KA, Sheehan EA, Barrickman NL, Pryor NP, Barton MC. The influence of anthropogenic edge effects on primate populations and their habitat in a fragmented rainforest in Costa Rica. Primates 2018; 59:301-311. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Vieira L, Silva FAB, Louzada J. Dung beetles in a Caatinga Natural Reserve: a threatened Brazilian dry-forest with high biological value. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Caatinga is an endemic and threatened dry-forest biome distributed across northern Brazil. We evaluated the conservation value of a Caatinga Natural Reserve (NR) - Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Contendas do Sincorá - using Scarabaeinae dung beetles as a biodiversity indicator. Specifically, we contrasted two zones impacted by two distinct intensity of selective logging that happened inside the NR until 1997. Dung beetles were collected 14 years after logging, using baited pitfall traps within three main habitats (riparian forest, regenerating Caatinga or arboreal Caatinga) found in two zones (Preservation and Management Zones). A total of 1,214 individuals from 21 species were sampled. The two zones presented distinct species composition, although the habitats did not exhibit such differences. Our results indicated that the secondary areas are in a conservation status similar to arboreal Caatinga and riparian forest, 14 y after logging. Furthermore, we identified seven habitat-indicator species, two of them typical to Caatinga biome, highlighting the importance of updates in NR management plan considering the Scarabaeinae regional diversity management.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Filgueiras BKC, Tabarelli M, Leal IR, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Peres CA, Iannuzzi L. Spatial replacement of dung beetles in edge-affected habitats: biotic homogenization or divergence in fragmented tropical forest landscapes? DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K. C. Filgueiras
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Cuiabá MT 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Luciana Iannuzzi
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Campos RC, Hernández MIM. The Importance of Maize Management on Dung Beetle Communities in Atlantic Forest Fragments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145000. [PMID: 26694874 PMCID: PMC4690589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dung beetle community structures changes due to the effects of destruction, fragmentation, isolation and decrease in tropical forest area, and therefore are considered ecological indicators. In order to assess the influence of type of maize cultivated and associated maize management on dung beetle communities in Atlantic Forest fragments surrounded by conventional and transgenic maize were evaluated 40 Atlantic Forest fragments of different sizes, 20 surrounded by GM maize and 20 surrounded by conventional maize, in February 2013 and 2014 in Southern Brazil. After applying a sampling protocol in each fragment (10 pitfall traps baited with human feces or carrion exposed for 48 h), a total of 3454 individuals from 44 species were captured: 1142 individuals from 38 species in GM maize surrounded fragments, and 2312 from 42 species in conventional maize surrounded fragments. Differences in dung beetle communities were found between GM and conventional maize communities. As expected for fragmented areas, the covariance analysis showed a greater species richness in larger fragments under both conditions; however species richness was greater in fragments surrounded by conventional maize. Dung beetle structure in the forest fragments was explained by environmental variables, fragment area, spatial distance and also type of maize (transgenic or conventional) associated with maize management techniques. In Southern Brazil’s scenario, the use of GM maize combined with associated agricultural management may be accelerating the loss of diversity in Atlantic Forest areas, and consequently, important ecosystem services provided by dung beetles may be lost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Calixto Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Malva Isabel Medina Hernández
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Valenta K, Steffens TS, Rafaliarison RR, Chapman CA, Lehman SM. Seed Banks in Savanna, Forest Fragments, and Continuous Forest Edges Differ in a Tropical Dry Forest in Madagascar. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Valenta
- Department of Anthropology; University of Toronto; 19 Russell St Toronto ON M5S 2S2 Canada
- Department of Anthropology; McGill University Montreal; Quebec H3A 2T7 Canada
| | - Travis S. Steffens
- Department of Anthropology; University of Toronto; 19 Russell St Toronto ON M5S 2S2 Canada
| | | | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment; McGill University Montreal; Quebec H3A 2T7 Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society; Bronx NY U.S.A
| | - Shawn M. Lehman
- Department of Anthropology; University of Toronto; 19 Russell St Toronto ON M5S 2S2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Koike S, Soga M, Nemoto Y, Kozakai C. How are dung beetle species affected by deer population increases in a cool temperate forest ecosystem? J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Koike
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Japan
| | - M. Soga
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Japan
| | - Y. Nemoto
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Japan
| | - C. Kozakai
- Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History Odawara Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Identification of sperm head subpopulations with defined pleiomorphic characteristics in ejaculates of captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii). Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 137:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Enari H, Koike S, Sakamaki H. Influences of different large mammalian fauna on dung beetle diversity in beech forests. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2013; 13:54. [PMID: 23909510 PMCID: PMC3740929 DOI: 10.1673/031.013.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on biological relationships between mammalian species richness and the community structure of dung beetles in cool-temperate forests in the northernmost part of mainland Japan. The composition of beetle assemblages was evaluated at 3 sites in undisturbed beech forests with different mammalian fauna. In spring and summer 2009, beetles were collected at each site using pitfall traps baited with feces from Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata Blyth (Primates: Cercopithecidae); Asiatic black bears, Ursus thibetanus Cuvier (Carnivora: Ursidae); Japanese serows, Capricornis crispus Temminck (Artiodactyla: Bovidae); and cattle. In the present study, 1,862 dung beetles representing 14 species were collected, and most dung beetles possessed the ecological characteristic of selecting specific mammalian feces. The present findings indicated that although species diversity in dung beetle assemblages was not necessarily positively correlated with mammalian species richness in cool-temperate forests, the absence of the macaque population directly resulted in the marked reduction of the beetle abundance, with the loss of the most frequent species, Aphodius eccoptus Bates (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) during spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Enari
- Satoyama Science Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Minemachi 350, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakabamachi, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakamaki
- Satoyama Science Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Minemachi 350, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Behie AM, Pavelka MSM. The role of minerals in food selection in a black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) population in Belize following a major hurricane. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:1054-63. [PMID: 22851375 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As plants may contain low levels of some minerals including sodium, copper, and phosphorous, herbivores may become deficient in these nutrients. In 2001, Hurricane Iris hit the Monkey River Forest in Belize causing substantial damage to the food supply of the black howler monkey population (Alouatta pigra) living there. This included an 18-month absence in fruit production and a complete loss of figs that are high in calcium. In this article, we describe the post-hurricane diet of this monkey population and compare the mineral content of food items to each other and to recommendations for non-human primates [NRC 2003]. We also investigate food selection in relation to potentially limiting minerals. Behavioral data from four groups of howlers (2002-2006) and samples of all ingested food items were collected and a sample of 99 plant from 18 food species was analyzed for mineral content. Unexpectedly, the post-hurricane diet contained more mature leaves than new leaves despite the availability of new leaves. Leaves contained higher amounts of minerals than reproductive parts and with the exception of Cecropia peltata stems, plant parts were low in sodium. Cecropia peltata is a pioneer species that grows following habitat disturbance thus the ingestion of these stems may be a potential mechanism to avoid sodium deficiency in this damaged forest. Calcium and zinc were found above recommended values in most food items; however, both positively predicted food selection, which may reflect a difference between their abundance and their bioavailability. However, as mature leaves contained more calcium than other plant parts, their high post-hurricane consumption may also be a response to the absence of figs and the need to find an alternate calcium source. This study highlights how habitat disturbance may affect mineral abundance and the dietary choices of primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Behie
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Food selection in the black howler monkey following habitat disturbance: implications for the importance of mature leaves. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467411000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Primates commonly consume leaves that are high in protein but low in digestion-inhibiting fibre. Due to the fact that mature leaves do not meet these criteria, they are typically avoided and many leaf-eating primates select for leaves high in protein and low in fibre leading to the theory that food selection is based on protein maximization. However, feeding records for a population of black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in Monkey River, Belize, collected over a 5-y period, together with synchronous phenological data, indicate that this population does not meet the expectation and actually prefer mature leaves. This study aims to describe the nutritional composition of the food supply and investigate the possibility that, rather than to maximize protein ingestion, mature leaves are eaten to balance nutrient intake. Macronutrient analyses (moisture, lipids, protein, NDF, ADF and simple sugars) were conducted on a sample of 96 plant samples from 18 food species of this population of black howler. Results reported here show that mature leaves eaten by howlers in this forest contain sufficient protein to meet minimum metabolic requirements (range: 11.6–24%; mean: 16.4% ± 3.8%) and have significantly higher concentrations of simple sugars than young leaves (means of 7.2% ± 2.7% vs. 4.4% ± 2.3% respectively). Thus, it appears that mature leaf ingestion is likely serving to balance energy and protein intake. This result may be due to the disruptive effects of a hurricane in 2001 that resulted in a loss of 80% of the howler population, changed forest composition and may have affected plant chemistry. Despite this, the data reported here suggest that the accepted view that mature leaves are simply fallback foods for primates, eaten only in times of preferred food scarcity, may have to be revised.
Collapse
|
27
|
Barlow J, Louzada J, Parry L, Hernández MI, Hawes J, Peres CA, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Gardner TA. Improving the design and management of forest strips in human-dominated tropical landscapes: a field test on Amazonian dung beetles. J Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Amézquita S, Favila ME. Removal rates of native and exotic dung by dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in a fragmented tropical rain forest. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 39:328-336. [PMID: 20388260 DOI: 10.1603/en09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have evaluated the effect of forest fragmentation on dung beetle assemblage structure. However, few have analyzed how forest fragmentation affects the processes carried out by these insects in tropical forests where their food sources consist mainly of dung produced by native herbivore mammals. With the conversion of forests to pastures, cattle dung has become an exotic alternative and abundant food for dung beetles. This study compares dung removal rates of native (monkey) and exotic (cow) dung in different-sized fragments of tropical rain forests, during the dry and rainy seasons at the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve. Dung removal rates were affected by season, dung type, and the interaction between resource type and season. During the dry season, the removal rates of monkey dung were somewhat similar than during the rainy season, whereas the removal rates of cow dung were much higher during the rainy season. Dung beetle biomass and species richness were almost three times greater in monkey dung than in cow dung. Monkey dung attracted species belonging to the dweller, roller, and tunneler guilds; cow dung attracted mostly tunnelers. Therefore, the use of exotic dung may result in a biased misconception of the rates of dung removal in tropical forest and an underestimation of dung beetle diversity. This study highlights the importance of working with natural tropical forest resources when attempting to identify realistic tendencies concerning processes in natural habitats and those modified by fragmentation and by other human activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amézquita
- Instituto de Ecología, AC Apartado Postal 63, CP 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
DOS SANTOS NEVES NADIA, FEER FRANÇOIS, SALMON SANDRINE, CHATEIL CAROLE, PONGE JEANFRANÇOIS. The impact of red howler monkey latrines on the distribution of main nutrients and on topsoil profiles in a tropical rain forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Boyle SA, Smith AT. Behavioral modifications in northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) in forest fragments of central Amazonia. Primates 2009; 51:43-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-009-0169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Travel and Spatial Patterns Change When Chiropotes satanas chiropotes Inhabit Forest Fragments. INT J PRIMATOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-009-9357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
Nichols E, Gardner TA, Peres CA, Spector S. Co-declining mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological cascade. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Vieira L, Louzada JNC, Spector S. Effects of Degradation and Replacement of Southern Brazilian Coastal Sandy Vegetation on the Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Biotropica 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
35
|
Larsen TH, Lopera A, Forsyth A. Understanding trait-dependent community disassembly: dung beetles, density functions, and forest fragmentation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2008; 22:1288-1298. [PMID: 18616744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances such as fragmentation are rapidly altering biodiversity, yet a lack of attention to species traits and abundance patterns has made the results of most studies difficult to generalize. We determined traits of extinction-prone species and present a novel strategy for classifying species according to their population-level response to a gradient of disturbance intensity. We examined the effects of forest fragmentation on dung beetle communities in an archipelago of 33 islands recently created by flooding in Venezuela. Species richness, density, and biomass all declined sharply with decreasing island area and increasing island isolation. Species richness was highly nested, indicating that local extinctions occurred nonrandomly. The most sensitive dung beetle species appeared to require at least 85 ha of forest, more than many large vertebrates. Extinction-prone species were either large-bodied, forest specialists, or uncommon. These explanatory variables were unrelated, suggesting at least 3 underlying causes of extirpation. Large species showed high wing loading (body mass/wing area) and a distinct flight strategy that may increase their area requirements. Although forest specificity made most species sensitive to fragmentation, a few persistent habitat generalists dispersed across the matrix. Density functions classified species into 4 response groups on the basis of their change in density with decreasing species richness. Sensitive and persistent species both declined with increasing fragmentation intensity, but persistent species occurred on more islands, which may be due to their higher baseline densities. Compensatory species increased in abundance following the initial loss of sensitive species, but rapidly declined with increasing fragmentation. Supertramp species (widespread habitat generalists) may be poor competitors but strong dispersers; their abundance peaked following the decline of the other 3 groups. Nevertheless, even the least sensitive species were extirpated or rare on the smallest and most isolated islands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trond H Larsen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gardner TA, Hernández MI, Barlow J, Peres CA. Understanding the biodiversity consequences of habitat change: the value of secondary and plantation forests for neotropical dung beetles. J Appl Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Mandujano S, Benítez-Malvido J. Landscape attributes affecting patch occupancy by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana) at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Am J Primatol 2007; 70:69-77. [PMID: 17583580 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how forest cover is related to patch attributes such as size, shape, and isolation, and how this influences the occurrence of a species in fragmented landscapes is an important question in landscape ecology and conservation biology. To study the effects of fragmentation on patch occupancy by the critically endangered Mexican mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in the Los Tuxtlas region of Mexico, we selected three landscapes of ca. 5,000 ha, which differed in their remaining forest cover (24, 11, and 4%). For each landscape, we related patch occupancy to forest cover, patch size and shape, and four isolation parameters. Landscape attributes varied according to forest cover, and the percentage of occupation was greater in landscapes with more forest cover. The attributes affecting the probability of occupancy differed among landscapes. Occupancy was positively related to patch size in all landscapes, but in the northernmost landscape, shape irregularity had a negative effect on occupancy, whereas in the southernmost landscape, occupancy was favored by greater distances to the nearest village. The results show that not only the total amount of forest cover but also patch configuration need to be taken into consideration when designing management strategies for the conservation of the Mexican mantled howler monkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- División de Posgrado, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Peh KSH, Sodhi NS, de Jong J, Sekercioglu CH, Yap CAM, Lim SLH. Conservation value of degraded habitats for forest birds in southern Peninsular Malaysia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
39
|
Kanda N, Yokota T, Shibata E, Sato H. Diversity of dung-beetle community in declining Japanese subalpine forest caused by an increasing sika deer population. Ecol Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-004-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Martínez-Mota R, Serio-Silva JC, Rico-Gray V. The Role of Canopy Ants in Removing Ficus perforata Seeds from Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) Feces at Los Tuxtlas, México1. Biotropica 2004. [DOI: 10.1646/03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
41
|
Duarte-Quiroga A, Estrada A. Primates as pets in Mexico City: an assessment of the species involved, source of origin, and general aspects of treatment. Am J Primatol 2003; 61:53-60. [PMID: 14582127 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The large human populations in cities are an important source of demand for wildlife pets, including primates, and not much is known about the primate species involved in terms of their general origin, the length of time they are kept as pets, and some of the maintenance problems encountered with their use as pets. We report the results of a survey conducted in Mexico City among primate pet owners, which was aimed at providing some of the above information. We used an ethnographic approach, and pet owners were treated as informants to gain their trust so that we could enter their homes and learn about the life of their primate pets. We surveyed 179 owners of primate pets, which included 12 primate species. Of these, three were native species (Ateles geoffroyi, Alouatta pigra, and A. palliata). The rest were other neotropical primate species not native to Mexico, and some paleotropical species. Spider monkeys and two species of howler monkeys native to Mexico accounted for 67% and 15%, respectively, of the primate cases investigated. The most expensive primate pets were those imported from abroad, while the least expensive were the Mexican species. About 45% of the native primate pets were obtained by their owners in a large market in Mexico City, and the rest were obtained in southern Mexico. Although they can provide companionship for children and adults, primate pets are subject to a number of hazards, some of which put their lives at risk. The demand by city dwellers for primate pets, along with habitat destruction and fragmentation, exerts a significant pressure on wild populations in southern Mexico.
Collapse
|
42
|
|