1
|
Ibarra-Vega R, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Pineda-Contreras A, Martínez-Martínez FJ, Barajas-Saucedo CE, García-Ortega H, Magaña-Vergara NE, Possani LD, Corzo G, Gaitan-Hinojosa MA, Vázquez-Vuelvas OF, Zamudio F, Valdez-Velazquez LL. Indolealkylamines in the venom of the scorpion Thorellius intrepidus. Toxicon 2023; 233:107232. [PMID: 37536653 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Scorpions are a group of arthropods that strike fear in many people due to their severe medical symptoms, even death, caused by their venomous stings. Even so, not all scorpion species contain harmful venoms against humans but still have valuable bioactive molecules, which could be used in developing new pharmaceutical leads for treating important diseases. This work conducted a comprehensive analysis of the venom from the scorpion Thorellius intrepidus. The venom of T. intrepidus was separated by size exclusion chromatography, and four main fractions were obtained. Fraction IV (FIV) contained small molecules representing over 90% of the total absorbance at 280 nm. Analysis of fraction FIV by RP-HPLC indicated the presence of three main molecules (FIV.1, FIV.2, and FIV.3) with similar UV absorbance spectra profiles. The molecular masses of FIV.1, FIV.2, and FIV.3 were determined, resulting in 175.99, 190.07, and 218.16 Da, respectively. Further confirmation through 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyses revealed that these molecules were serotonin, N-methylserotonin, and bufotenidine. These intriguing compounds are speculated to play a pivotal role in self-defense and increasing venom toxicity and could also offer promising biotechnological applications as small bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ibarra-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México
| | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONAHCYT), México City, 03940, México.
| | - Armando Pineda-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Barajas-Saucedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México
| | - Héctor García-Ortega
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nancy E Magaña-Vergara
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONAHCYT), México City, 03940, México
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Alberto Gaitan-Hinojosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México
| | - Oscar Fernando Vázquez-Vuelvas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México
| | - Fernando Zamudio
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Laura Leticia Valdez-Velazquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km 9, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, México.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng QM, Zhou ZR, Hou XY, Lv N, Zhang YQ, Cao H. Transcriptome Analysis of the Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Chronic Constriction Injury Model. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:375-387. [PMID: 36971954 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for both the sensory and emotional/cognitive components of pain. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we examined changes in the transcriptomic profiles in the mPFC of mice with chronic pain using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. A mouse model of peripheral neuropathic pain was established via chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. CCI mice developed sustained mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, as well as cognitive impairment four weeks after surgery. RNA-seq was conducted 4 weeks after CCI surgery. Compared with contral group, RNA-seq identified a total 309 and 222 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ipsilateral and contralateral mPFC of CCI model mice, respectively. GO analysis indicated that the functions of these genes were mainly enriched in immune- and inflammation-related processes such as interferon-gamma production and cytokine secretion. KEGG analysis further showed the enrichment of genes involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway and Parkinson disease pathway that have been reported to be importantly involved in chronic neuralgia and cognitive dysfunction. Our study may provide insights into the possible mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and pain-related comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Min Zheng
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Rui Zhou
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Hou
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dupuy V, Prieur M, Pizzoccaro A, Margarido C, Valjent E, Bockaert J, Bouschet T, Marin P, Chaumont-Dubel S. Spatiotemporal dynamics of 5-HT 6 receptor ciliary localization during mouse brain development. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105949. [PMID: 36496200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is a promising target to improve cognitive symptoms of psychiatric diseases of neurodevelopmental origin, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. However, its expression and localization at different stages of brain development remain largely unknown, due to the lack of specific antibodies to detect endogenous 5-HT6R. Here, we used transgenic mice expressing a GFP-tagged 5-HT6R under the control of its endogenous promoter (Knock-in) as well as embryonic stem cells expressing the GFP-tagged receptor to extensively characterize its expression at cellular and subcellular levels during development. We show that the receptor is already expressed at E13.5 in the cortex, the striatum, the ventricular zone, and to a lesser extent the subventricular zone. In adulthood, it is preferentially found in projection neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons, as well as in a large proportion of astrocytes, while it is expressed in a minor population of interneurons. Whereas the receptor is almost exclusively detected in the primary cilia of neurons at embryonic and adult stages and in differentiated stem cells, it is located in the somatodendritic compartment of neurons from some brain regions at the neonatal stage and in the soma of undifferentiated stem cells. Finally, knocking-out the receptor induces a shortening of the primary cilium, suggesting that it plays a role in its function. This study provides the first global picture of 5-HT6R expression pattern in the mouse brain at different developmental stages. It reveals dynamic changes in receptor localization in neurons at the neonatal stage, which might underlie its key role in neuronal differentiation and psychiatric disorders of neurodevelopmental origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dupuy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Prieur
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Pizzoccaro
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Margarido
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Bockaert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tristan Bouschet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The effects of Vilazodone, YL-0919 and Vortioxetine in hemiparkinsonian rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2119-2132. [PMID: 35275226 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease often characterized by motor deficits and most commonly treated with dopamine replacement therapy. Despite its benefits, chronic use of L-DOPA results in abnormal involuntary movements known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Growing evidence shows that with burgeoning dopamine cell loss, neuroplasticity in the serotonin system leads to the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia through the unregulated uptake, conversion, and release of L-DOPA-derived dopamine into the striatum. Previous studies have shown that coincident 5-HT1A agonism and serotonin transporter inhibition may have anti-dyskinetic potential. Despite this, few studies have explicitly focused on targeting both 5-HT1A and the serotonin transporter. The present study compares the 5-HT compounds Vilazodone, YL-0919, and Vortioxetine which purportedly work as simultaneous 5-HT1A receptor agonists and SERT blockers. To do so, adult female Sprague Dawley rats were rendered hemiparkinsonian and treated daily for two weeks with L-DOPA to produce stable dyskinesia. The abnormal involuntary movements and forehand adjusting step tests were utilized as measurements for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and motor performance in a within-subjects design. Lesion efficacy was determined by analysis of striatal monoamines via high-performance liquid chromatography. Compounds selective for 5-HT1A/SERT target sites including Vilazodone and Vortioxetine significantly reduced L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without compromising L-DOPA pro-motor efficacy. In contrast, YL-0919 failed to reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, with no effects on L-DOPA-related improvements. Collectively, this work supports pharmacological targeting of 5-HT1A/SERT to reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Additionally, this further provides evidence for Vilazodone and Vortioxetine, FDA-approved compounds, as potential adjunct therapeutics for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia management in Parkinson's patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fauss GNK, Hudson KE, Grau JW. Role of Descending Serotonergic Fibers in the Development of Pathophysiology after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Contribution to Chronic Pain, Spasticity, and Autonomic Dysreflexia. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:234. [PMID: 35205100 PMCID: PMC8869318 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the nervous system develops, nerve fibers from the brain form descending tracts that regulate the execution of motor behavior within the spinal cord, incoming sensory signals, and capacity to change (plasticity). How these fibers affect function depends upon the transmitter released, the receptor system engaged, and the pattern of neural innervation. The current review focuses upon the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and its capacity to dampen (inhibit) neural excitation. A brief review of key anatomical details, receptor types, and pharmacology is provided. The paper then considers how damage to descending serotonergic fibers contributes to pathophysiology after spinal cord injury (SCI). The loss of serotonergic fibers removes an inhibitory brake that enables plasticity and neural excitation. In this state, noxious stimulation can induce a form of over-excitation that sensitizes pain (nociceptive) circuits, a modification that can contribute to the development of chronic pain. Over time, the loss of serotonergic fibers allows prolonged motor drive (spasticity) to develop and removes a regulatory brake on autonomic function, which enables bouts of unregulated sympathetic activity (autonomic dysreflexia). Recent research has shown that the loss of descending serotonergic activity is accompanied by a shift in how the neurotransmitter GABA affects neural activity, reducing its inhibitory effect. Treatments that target the loss of inhibition could have therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James W. Grau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (G.N.K.F.); (K.E.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliver BL, Pahua AE, Hitchcock K, Amodeo DA. Serotonin 6 receptor modulation reduces locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147313. [PMID: 33548271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6) is a more recently identified therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric disorders. While the 5-HT6 receptor has gained interest as a target for novel therapeutics, determining the basic sex differences is lacking in the literature. To address this, the present study examined the effects of 5-HT6 receptor modulation on locomotor activity and open field measures of anxiety in C57BL/6J mice. Female and male mice were tested after acute treatment with either 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB 271046 or 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088. Acute 5-HT6 receptor blockade with SB 271046 attenuated locomotor activity in C57BL6/J mice, irrespective of sex. When locomotor activity was analyzed for six 10 min time blocks, 0.1, 5, or 15 mg/kg of SB 271046 reduced locomotor activity for the initial 40 min of testing, but only 5 and 15 mg/kg SB 271046 exhibited a reduction in locomotor activity for at least 60 min. EMD 386088 only attenuated locomotor activity when mice were treated with the high dose of 15 mg/kg EMD 386088. This was true for all time blocks except for the 40-50 min time block. In addition, EMD 386088 at the 15 mg/kg dose reduced locomotor activity in female mice more than males during the 20-30 and 30-40 minute time blocks. Analysis of the anxiolytic properties of 5-HT6 receptor modulation via the open field, showed that SB 271046 did not demonstrate anxiogenic properties in either sex at the doses tested. Instead, 15 mg/kg EMD 386088 produced an anxiogenic effect in both female and male mice. Together these findings highlight the differing impact of specific 5-HT6 receptor modulation on locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Oliver
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Alma E Pahua
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Kristianna Hitchcock
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Dionisio A Amodeo
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Deurwaerdère P, Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G. Serotonin/dopamine interaction: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:161-264. [PMID: 33785130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in the adaptive properties of living animals to their environment. These are two modulatory, divergent systems shaping and regulating in a widespread manner the activity of neurobiological networks and their interaction. The concept of one interaction linking these two systems is rather elusive when looking at the mechanisms triggered by these two systems across the CNS. The great variety of their interacting mechanisms is in part due to the diversity of their neuronal origin, the density of their fibers in a given CNS region, the distinct expression of their numerous receptors in the CNS, the heterogeneity of their intracellular signaling pathway that depend on the cellular type expressing their receptors, and the state of activity of neurobiological networks, conditioning the outcome of their mutual influences. Thus, originally conceptualized as inhibition of 5-HT on DA neuron activity and DA neurotransmission, this interaction is nowadays considered as a multifaceted, mutual influence of these two systems in the regulation of CNS functions. These new ways of understanding this interaction are of utmost importance to envision the consequences of their dysfunctions underlined in several CNS diseases. It is also essential to conceive the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs directly acting on their function including antipsychotic, antidepressant, antiparkinsonian, and drug of abuse together with the development of therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer's diseases, epilepsy, obsessional compulsive disorders. The 5-HT/DA interaction has a long history from the serendipitous discovery of antidepressants and antipsychotics to the future, rationalized treatments of CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Natale ER, Wilson H, Politis M. Serotonergic imaging in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:303-338. [PMID: 33785134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of monoaminergic central pathways such as the serotonergic. The degeneration of serotonergic signaling in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions is an early feature of PD and is associated with several motor and non-motor complications of the disease. Molecular imaging techniques with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have greatly contributed to the investigation of biological changes in vivo and to the understanding of the extent of serotonergic pathology in patients or individuals at risk for PD. Such discoveries provide with opportunities for the identification of new targets that can be used for the development of novel disease-modifying drugs or symptomatic treatments. Future studies of imaging serotonergic molecular targets will better clarify the importance of serotonergic pathology in PD, including progression of pathology, target-identification for pharmacotherapy, and relevance to endogenous synaptic serotonin levels. In this article, we review the current status and understanding of serotonergic imaging in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amodeo DA, Oliver B, Pahua A, Hitchcock K, Bykowski A, Tice D, Musleh A, Ryan BC. Serotonin 6 receptor blockade reduces repetitive behavior in the BTBR mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 200:173076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
10
|
De Deurwaerdère P, Bharatiya R, Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G. Constitutive activity of 5-HT receptors: Factual analysis. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:107967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
11
|
Tsegay EW, Demise DG, Hailu NA, Gufue ZH. Serotonin Type 6 and 7 Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2499-2509. [PMID: 33149591 PMCID: PMC7604258 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s263424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious disease of the central nervous system that affects a person's ability to think, feel and behave clearly. Even though the pathophysiological hypothesis of the disease is not clearly understood, dysfunction of dopamine, glutamate, serotonin and other neurotransmitters is widely believed to be involved. Serotonin within the synaptic vesicles functions as neurotransmitter and neurohormone in regulation of emotion, learning, memory, hormone release, cognition and motor function. Dysfunction of normal brain activity of serotonin is associated with schizophrenia. The role of serotonin 6 and 7 receptors in schizophrenia, interaction with neurotransmitters and the effect of drugs on those receptors in schizophrenia are the goal of this review. The aim of this review was to provide information for researchers and other scholars to identify the possible intervention points in the management of schizophrenia. The serotonin 6 and 7 receptors are associated with schizophrenia via modulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate, regulation of Fyn kinase and induction of structural plasticity. The above modulatory effects affect cholinergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, adrenergic and GABAergic systems. Recently, diverse numbers of selective agonist and antagonist ligands were developed for both receptors. SGS-518, ABT-354, Lu AE58054, SB-742,457, S-518, AVN-211, AVN-322, SYN-114 and SYN-120 are serotonin 6 receptor antagonists and aripiprazole-controlled release serotonin 7 receptor agonists under clinical trial for schizophrenia. Thus, research on novel drugs that act on serotonin 6 and 7 receptors likely facilitates the intervention into schizophrenia patients seeking better quality of life in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsay Weldekidan Tsegay
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Getnet Demise
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Nigus Alemu Hailu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Zenawi Hagos Gufue
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Di Giovanni G, Chagraoui A, Bharatiya R, De Deurwaerdère P. Serotonergic control of excitability: from neuron to networks. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64125-0.00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
13
|
5-HT6 receptor antagonism reduces defecation in rat: A potential treatment strategy for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Partyka A, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Michaluk J, Wąsik A, Canale V, Zajdel P, Kołaczkowski M, Wesołowska A. Novel antagonists of 5-HT6 and/or 5-HT7 receptors affect the brain monoamines metabolism and enhance the anti-immobility activity of different antidepressants in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
15
|
Di Giovanni G, Chagraoui A, Puginier E, Galati S, De Deurwaerdère P. Reciprocal interaction between monoaminergic systems and the pedunculopontine nucleus: Implication in the mechanism of L-DOPA. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 128:9-18. [PMID: 30149181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is part of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) and has been involved in the control of gait, posture, locomotion, sleep, and arousal. It likely participates in some motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and is regularly proposed as a surgical target to ameliorate gait, posture and sleep disorders in Parkinsonian patients. The PPN overlaps with the monoaminergic systems including dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline in the modulation of the above-mentioned functions. All these systems are involved in Parkinson's disease and the mechanism of the anti-Parkinsonian agents, mostly L-DOPA. This suggests that PPN interacts with monoaminergic neurons and vice versa. Some evidence indicates that the PPN sends cholinergic, glutamatergic and even gabaergic inputs to mesencephalic dopaminergic cells, with the data regarding serotonergic or noradrenergic cells being less well known. Similarly, the control exerted by the PPN on dopaminergic neurons, is multiple and complex, and more extensively explored than the other monoaminergic systems. The data on the influence of monoaminergic systems on PPN neuron activity are rather scarce. While there is evidence that the PPN influences the therapeutic response of L-DOPA, it is still difficult to discerne the reciprocal action of the PPN and monoaminergic systems in this action. Additional data are required to better understand the functional organization of monoaminergic inputs to the MLR including the PPN to get a clearer picture of their interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Emilie Puginier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Parkinson and movement Disorders Center Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 146 rue Léo Saignat, B.P.281, F-33000 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Żmudzka E, Sałaciak K, Sapa J, Pytka K. Serotonin receptors in depression and anxiety: Insights from animal studies. Life Sci 2018; 210:106-124. [PMID: 30144453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin regulates many physiological processes including sleep, appetite, and mood. Thus, serotonergic system is an important target in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. This natural neurotransmitter interacts with 7 families of its receptors (5-HT1-7), which cause a variety of pharmacological effects. Using genetically modified animals and selective or preferential agonists and antagonist, numerous studies demonstrated the involvement of almost all serotonin receptor subtypes in antidepressant- or anxiolytic-like effects. In this review, based on animal studies, we discuss the possible involvement of serotonin receptor subtypes in depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun YN, Yao L, Li LB, Wang Y, Du CX, Guo Y, Liu J. Activation and blockade of basolateral amygdala 5-HT6 receptor produce anxiolytic-like behaviors in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:275-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
18
|
5-HT 6 receptor agonist and memory-enhancing properties of hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919), a novel 5-HT 1A receptor partial agonist and SSRI. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:1-9. [PMID: 29805118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most current antidepressants are lacking a pro-cognition effect or even impair cognition as a side effect, and there are few effective psychopharmacological options that improve cognitive dysfunction in depression. Our previous studies revealed that hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919), a novel 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and SSRI, has antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects. Here, further studies found that YL-0919, but not vilazodone (a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and SSRI), exerted a significant memory-enhancing effect in the Morris water maze, object recognition test and step-down passive avoidance task. Because the 5-HT6 receptor has emerged as an interesting drug target to improve cognition, we investigated the target profile of YL-0919 using radioligand binding assays, [35S]-GTPγS binding and cAMP stimulation assays. YL-0919 was found to act as a highly effective, full agonist of 5-HT6 receptors. Finally, we observed that the memory-enhancing activities of YL-0919 were completely reversed after co-administration of SB271046 (a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist) at a dose that does not alter cognition. In summary, the findings of the current study suggest that YL-0919 has clear memory-enhancing effects, which might be at least partially mediated by 5-HT6 receptor activation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Study on the effect of EMD386088, a 5-HT 6 receptor partial agonist, in enhancing the anti-immobility action of some antidepressants in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:37-49. [PMID: 29079874 PMCID: PMC5748433 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of some antidepressants co-administered with EMD386088 in the modified forced swim test in rats was investigated. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics, metabolic stability, and the effect of EMD386088 on P450 cytochromes were determined. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) coadministration of EMD386088 (2.5 mg/kg) and imipramine (15 mg/kg), reboxetine (5 mg/kg), moclobemide (10 mg/kg), or bupropion (10 mg/kg) evoked significant antidepressant-like activity, whereas no effect was observed after joint administration of EMD386088 with s-citalopram (10 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic in vivo investigation showed a rapid absorption of EMD386088 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) with t1/2 = 67 min (tmax = 5 min). Large volume of distribution (Vd/F = 102 L/kg) indicated its penetration into peripheral compartments. The most active coadministration of EMD386088 (2.5 mg/kg) with imipramine (15 mg/kg) resulted in slower absorption of the compound (Cmax = 60 min) and decrease in the volume of distribution (Vd/F = 32.2 L/kg). EMD386088 penetrates the blood–brain barrier with a high brain/plasma ratio of about 19 (2.5 mg/kg) and 7.5 for coadministration with imipramine. The in silico and in vitro studies on EMD386088 metabolic stability showed the dehydrogenation of tetrahydropyridine moiety as its main metabolic pathway. EMD386088 did not influence on CYP3A4 activity, and it has been classified as a very weak CYP2D6 inhibitor (IC50 = 2.25 μM). The results obtained from the forced swim test in rats indicate that an activation of 5HT6 receptor may facilitate antidepressant-like activity of some antidepressants. The pharmacokinetic results suggest that the interaction between EMD386088 and imipramine could not have been pharmacokinetic in nature.
Collapse
|
20
|
de Jong IE, Mørk A. Antagonism of the 5-HT 6 receptor – Preclinical rationale for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:50-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Calhoun A, Ko J, Grossberg GT. Emerging chemical therapies targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2017; 22:101-105. [PMID: 28253832 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1293651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neuropsychiatric disorder affecting more than 5 million Americans over age 65. By the year 2050, AD is expected to affect over 30 million. Characterized by neuronal cell death accompanied by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, AD results in devastating clinical symptomatology with a lasting psychosocial and financial impact. Studies have shown that the current treatments for AD, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI's) and NMDA receptor antagonists, have limited efficacy. The 5-HT-6 receptor antagonists Idalopirdine and Intepirdine have shown the most progress in current clinical trials and warrant consideration as emerging treatments for AD. Areas covered: This review discusses 5-HT6 antagonists currently in clinical trials as potential treatments for AD symptomatology and how 5-HT6 physiology may play a positive role in alleviating AD symptom pathophysiology. A literature search using PubMed was conducted using the terms Idalopirdine, Intepirdine, 5-HT-6 antagonist, and AD as keywords. Clinicaltrials.gov and Alzforum were also used to obtain information on clinical trials. Expert opinion: If current Phase-3 trials are positive, 5-HT6 antagonists such as Idalopirdine and Intepirdine may be considered as supplementary treatments to ChEI's and NMDA receptor antagonists for the symptomatic treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Calhoun
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Je Ko
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - George T Grossberg
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Effects of the 5-HT 6 receptor antagonist idalopirdine on extracellular levels of monoamines, glutamate and acetylcholine in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Serotonin 5-HT 6 Receptor Antagonists in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Rationale and Current Development Status. CNS Drugs 2017; 31:19-32. [PMID: 27914038 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people. Because of the lack of effective treatments for this illness, research focused on identifying compounds that restore cognition and functional impairments in patients with AD is a very active field. Since its discovery in 1993, the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor has received increasing attention, and a growing number of studies supported 5-HT6 receptor antagonism as a target for improving cognitive dysfunction in AD. This article reviews the rationale behind investigations into the targeting of 5-HT6 receptors as a symptomatic treatment for cognitive and/or behavioral symptoms of AD. In addition to describing the available clinical evidence, this article also describes the purported biochemical and neurochemical mechanisms of action by which 5-HT6 receptor antagonists could influence cognition, and the preclinical data supporting this therapeutic approach to AD. A large number of publications describing the development of ligands for this receptor have come to light and preclinical data indicate the procognitive efficacy of 5-HT6 receptor antagonists. Subsequently, the number of patents protecting 5-HT6 chemical entities has continuously grown. Some of these compounds have successfully undergone phase I clinical studies and have been further evaluated in clinical phase II trials with variable success. Phase II studies have also revealed the potential of combining 5-HT6 receptor antagonism and cholinesterase inhibition. Two of these antagonists, idalopirdine and RVT-101, have been further developed into ongoing phase III clinical trials. Overall, 5-HT6 receptor antagonists can reasonably be regarded as potential drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Activation and blockade of prelimbic 5-HT6 receptors produce different effects on depressive-like behaviors in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
26
|
Na JR, Oh DR, Han S, Kim YJ, Choi E, Bae D, Oh DH, Lee YH, Kim S, Jun W. Antistress Effects of Rosa rugosa Thunb. on Total Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Cognitive Dysfunction in Rat: Possible Mechanism of Action of 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonist. J Med Food 2016; 19:870-81. [PMID: 27331439 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous results suggest that the Rosa rugosa Thunb. (family Rosaceae) alleviates endurance exercise-induced stress by decreasing oxidative stress levels. This study aimed to screen and identify the physiological antistress effects of an extract of R. rugosa (RO) on sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive tests (in vivo) and tested for hippocampal CORT and monoamine levels (ex vivo), corticosterone (CORT)-induced injury, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and serotonin 6 (5-hydroxytryptamine 6, 5-HT6) receptor activities (in vitro) in search of active principles and underlying mechanisms of action. We confirmed the antistress effects of RO in a sleep-deprived stress model in rat and explored the underlying mechanisms of its action. In conclusion, an R. rugosa extract showed efficacy and potential for use as an antistress therapy to treat sleep deprivation through its antagonism of the 5-HT6 receptor and resulting inhibition of cAMP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ryun Na
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea.,2 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dool-Ri Oh
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - SeulHee Han
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - EunJin Choi
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - Donghyuck Bae
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | | | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- 4 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Suwon , Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea.,2 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea.,5 B&Tech Co., Ltd., R&D Center , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- 2 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Study of a mechanism responsible for potential antidepressant activity of EMD 386088, a 5-HT6 partial agonist in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:839-49. [PMID: 27106213 PMCID: PMC4939156 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It was shown that 5-HT6 receptor agonists can exert pharmacological activity due to various modifications in monoamines’ level and metabolism activity in rats’ brain structures. This finding was correlated with antidepressant- or anxiolytic-like properties of these compounds. The study was designed to establish a possible mechanism of the antidepressant-like activity of the partial 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD386088 (5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole hydrochloride) in rats. The concentrations of monoamines (dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT)) and the rate of their metabolism were measured ex vivo in the brain structures (hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, striatum) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rats were killed after the forced swim test (FST); the collected tissue samples were used to ex vivo experiments. The potency of EMD386088 to blockade dopamine transporter (DAT) was tested in a functional in vitro study. FST was used to assess the involvement of D1- and D2-like receptor subfamilies in antidepressant-like properties of EMD386088. Neurochemical data from ex vivo experiments showed that antiimmobility activity of EMD386088 may be connected with the activation of dopaminergic system, while neither noradrenergic nor serotonergic ones are involved in its effect. EMD386088 also possesses a significant affinity for DAT which may be a mechanism in the abovementioned effect. Behavioral data seem to confirm the importance of dopaminergic system activation in antidepressant-like activity of EMD386088, since this effect, observed in the FST, was abolished by the preferential D1- and D2-like receptor subfamily antagonists SCH23390 and sulpiride, respectively. Dopaminergic system is involved in antidepressant-like activity of EMD386088.
Collapse
|
28
|
De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G. Serotonergic modulation of the activity of mesencephalic dopaminergic systems: Therapeutic implications. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 151:175-236. [PMID: 27013075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the mammalian brain, it has been apparent that serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) interactions play a key role in normal and abnormal behavior. Therefore, disclosure of this interaction could reveal important insights into the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia, depression and drug addiction or neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Tourette's syndrome. Unfortunately, this interaction remains difficult to study for many reasons, including the rich and widespread innervations of 5-HT and DA in the brain, the plethora of 5-HT receptors and the release of co-transmitters by 5-HT and DA neurons. The purpose of this review is to present electrophysiological and biochemical data showing that endogenous 5-HT and pharmacological 5-HT ligands modify the mesencephalic DA systems' activity. 5-HT receptors may control DA neuron activity in a state-dependent and region-dependent manner. 5-HT controls the activity of DA neurons in a phasic and excitatory manner, except for the control exerted by 5-HT2C receptors which appears to also be tonically and/or constitutively inhibitory. The functional interaction between the two monoamines will also be discussed in view of the mechanism of action of antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-Parkinsonians and drugs of abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wicke K, Haupt A, Bespalov A. Investigational drugs targeting 5-HT6 receptors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1515-28. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
30
|
Helboe L, Egebjerg J, de Jong IEM. Distribution of serotonin receptor 5-HT6 mRNA in rat neuronal subpopulations: A double in situ hybridization study. Neuroscience 2015; 310:442-54. [PMID: 26424380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is almost exclusively expressed in the brain and has emerged as a promising target for cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we have determined the cell types on which the 5-HT6R is expressed by colocalizing 5-HT6R mRNA with that of a range of neuronal and interneuronal markers in the rat brain. Here, we show that 5-HT6R mRNA was expressed at high levels in medium spiny neurons in caudate putamen and in nucleus accumbens, as well as in the olfactory tubercle. Striatal 5-HT6R mRNA was colocalized with both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA. 5-HT6R mRNA was moderately expressed in the hippocampus and throughout cortical regions in glutamatergic neurons coexpressing vGluT1. A subset of GAD67-positive GABAergic interneurons (approximately 15%) expressed 5-HT6R mRNA in the cortex and hippocampus, the majority of which belonged to the 5-HT3a receptor (5-HT3aR)-expressing subpopulation. In contrast, 5-HT6R mRNA was only expressed to a minor extent in the parvalbumin and somatostatin subpopulations. A subset of calbindin- and calretinin-positive GABAergic interneurons expressed 5-HT6R mRNA while only a very minor fraction of VIP or NPY interneurons in forebrain structures expressed 5-HT6R mRNA. Serotonergic, dopaminergic or cholinergic neurons did not express 5-HT6R mRNA. These data indicate that the 5-HT6R is located on GABAergic and glutamatergic principal neurons, and on a subset of interneurons mainly belonging to the 5-HT3aR subgroup suggesting that the 5-HT6R is positioned to regulate the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms of 5-HT6R signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Helboe
- Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - J Egebjerg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - I E M de Jong
- Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pronociceptive and Antinociceptive Effects of Buprenorphine in the Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Cover a Dose Range of Four Orders of Magnitude. J Neurosci 2015; 35:9580-94. [PMID: 26134641 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0731-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its distinct pharmacological profile and lower incidence of adverse events compared with other opioids, buprenorphine is considered a safe option for pain and substitution therapy. However, despite its wide clinical use, little is known about the synaptic effects of buprenorphine in nociceptive pathways. Here, we demonstrate dose-dependent, bimodal effects of buprenorphine on transmission at C-fiber synapses in rat spinal cord dorsal horn in vivo. At an analgesically active dose of 1500 μg·kg(-1), buprenorphine reduced the strength of spinal C-fiber synapses. This depression required activation of spinal opioid receptors, putatively μ1-opioid receptors, as indicated by its sensitivity to spinal naloxone and to the selective μ1-opioid receptor antagonist naloxonazine. In contrast, a 15,000-fold lower dose of buprenorphine (0.1 μg·kg(-1)), which caused thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in behaving animals, induced an enhancement of transmission at spinal C-fiber synapses. The ultra-low-dose buprenorphine-induced synaptic facilitation was mediated by supraspinal naloxonazine-insensitive, but CTOP-sensitive μ-opioid receptors, descending serotonergic pathways, and activation of spinal glial cells. Selective inhibition of spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 receptors (5-HT2Rs), putatively located on spinal astrocytes, abolished both the induction of synaptic facilitation and the hyperalgesia elicited by ultra-low-dose buprenorphine. Our study revealed that buprenorphine mediates its modulatory effects on transmission at spinal C-fiber synapses by dose dependently acting on distinct μ-opioid receptor subtypes located at different levels of the neuraxis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Leiser SC, Li Y, Pehrson AL, Dale E, Smagin G, Sanchez C. Serotonergic Regulation of Prefrontal Cortical Circuitries Involved in Cognitive Processing: A Review of Individual 5-HT Receptor Mechanisms and Concerted Effects of 5-HT Receptors Exemplified by the Multimodal Antidepressant Vortioxetine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:970-86. [PMID: 25746856 DOI: 10.1021/cn500340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for several decades that serotonergic neurotransmission is a key regulator of cognitive function, mood, and sleep. Yet with the relatively recent discoveries of novel serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes, as well as an expanding knowledge of their expression level in certain brain regions and localization on certain cell types, their involvement in cognitive processes is still emerging. Of particular interest are cognitive processes impacted in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical to normal cognitive processes, including attention, impulsivity, planning, decision-making, working memory, and learning or recall of learned memories. Furthermore, serotonergic dysregulation within the PFC is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders associated with prominent symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. Thus, it is important to better understand the overall makeup of serotonergic receptors in the PFC and on which cell types these receptors mediate their actions. In this Review, we focus on 5-HT receptor expression patterns within the PFC and how they influence cognitive behavior and neurotransmission. We further discuss the net effects of vortioxetine, an antidepressant acting through multiple serotonergic targets given the recent findings that vortioxetine improves cognition by modulating multiple neurotransmitter systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Li
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Alan L. Pehrson
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Elena Dale
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Gennady Smagin
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brouard JT, Schweimer JV, Houlton R, Burnham KE, Quérée P, Sharp T. Pharmacological Evidence for 5-HT6 Receptor Modulation of 5-HT Neuron Firing in Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1241-7. [PMID: 25837696 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are implicated in the drug treatment and pathophysiology of a wide variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that 5-HT6 receptors may be located and functional in the DRN; therefore, 5-HT6 receptor ligands may have potential as novel modulators of 5-HT neurotransmission. The current study investigated the effect of intravenous (i.v.) administration of the selective 5-HT6 receptor agonist, WAY-181187, and antagonist, SB-399885, on the firing of 5-HT neurons in the DRN in vivo. Extracellular recordings were made in the DRN of anesthetized rats, and single 5-HT neurons were identified on the basis of electrophysiological properties combined with juxtacellular labeling and postmortem immunohistochemical analysis. WAY-181187 (1-4 mg/kg i.v.) caused a dose-dependent increase in 5-HT neuron firing rate. In comparison, SB-399885 (0.125-1 mg/kg i.v.) caused a dose-dependent decrease in 5-HT neuron firing rate, an effect reversed by WAY-181187 (3 mg/kg i.v.). These effects of WAY-181187 and SB-399885 were observed in two separate sets of experiments. In summary, the current data show the modulation of 5-HT neuronal firing by the 5-HT6 ligands WAY-181187 and SB-399885 and are consistent with the presence of 5-HT6 receptor-mediated positive feedback control of 5-HT neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Brouard
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Judith V. Schweimer
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Houlton
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine E. Burnham
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Quérée
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Quiedeville A, Boulouard M, Hamidouche K, Da Silva Costa-Aze V, Nee G, Rochais C, Dallemagne P, Fabis F, Freret T, Bouet V. Chronic activation of 5-HT4 receptors or blockade of 5-HT6 receptors improve memory performances. Behav Brain Res 2015; 293:10-7. [PMID: 26187692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-HT4 and 5-HT6 serotonergic receptors are located in brain structures involved in memory processes. Neurochemical and behavioural studies have demonstrated that acute activation of 5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4R) or blockade of 5-HT6 receptors (5-HT6R) improves memory. To evaluate the potential of these two receptors as targets in the treatment of memory disorders encountered in several situations (ageing, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, etc.), it is necessary to assess whether their beneficial effects occur after chronic administration, and if such treatment induces adverse effects. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of chronic 5-HT4R or 5-HT6R modulation on recognition memory, and to observe the possible manifestation of side effects (modification of weight gain, locomotor activity or exploratory behaviour, etc.). Mice were treated for 14 days with a 5-HT4R partial agonist (RS-67333) or a 5-HT6R antagonist (SB-271046) at increasing doses. Memory performances, locomotor activity, and exploration were assessed. Both chronic 5-HT4R activation and 5-HT6R blockade extended memory traces in an object recognition test, and were not associated with any adverse effects in the parameters assessed. Chronic modulation of one or both of these receptors thus seems promising as a potential strategy for the treatment memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Quiedeville
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Katia Hamidouche
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Virginie Da Silva Costa-Aze
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Gerald Nee
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4258 CERMN, FR CNRS 3038 INC3 M, SF-4206 ICORE, Boulevard Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4258 CERMN, FR CNRS 3038 INC3 M, SF-4206 ICORE, Boulevard Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Frédéric Fabis
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4258 CERMN, FR CNRS 3038 INC3 M, SF-4206 ICORE, Boulevard Becquerel, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Karila D, Freret T, Bouet V, Boulouard M, Dallemagne P, Rochais C. Therapeutic Potential of 5-HT6 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7901-12. [PMID: 26099069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Given its predominant expression in the central nervous system (CNS), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT: serotonin) subtype 6 receptor (5-HT6R) has been considered as a valuable target for the development of CNS drugs with limited side effects. After 2 decades of intense research, numerous selective ligands have been developed to target this receptor; this holds potential interest for the treatment of neuropathological disorders. In fact, some agents (mainly antagonists) are currently undergoing clinical trial. More recently, a series of potent and selective agonists have been developed, and preclinical studies have been conducted that suggest the therapeutic interest of 5-HT6R agonists. This review details the medicinal chemistry of these agonists, highlights their activities, and discusses their potential for treating cognitive issues associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, or obesity. Surprisingly, some studies have shown that both 5-HT6R agonists and antagonists exert similar procognitive activities. This article summarizes the hypotheses that could explain this paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Karila
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie , F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- UNICAEN, GMPc (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité Comportementale), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie , F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- UNICAEN, GMPc (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité Comportementale), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie , F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- UNICAEN, GMPc (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité Comportementale), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie , F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie , F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie , F-14032 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Asaoka N, Nagayasu K, Nishitani N, Yamashiro M, Shirakawa H, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Olanzapine augments the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by suppressing GABAergic inhibition via antagonism of 5-HT₆ receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:261-8. [PMID: 25863120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antipsychotic drugs shows better therapeutic efficacy than SSRI monotherapy in the treatment of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the augmenting effects of olanzapine are not fully understood. Here, we report that olanzapine enhances the SSRI-induced increase in extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels and antidepressant-like effects by inhibiting GABAergic neurons through 5-HT6 receptor antagonism in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In organotypic raphe slice cultures, treatment with olanzapine (1-100 μM) enhanced the increase in extracellular 5-HT levels in the presence of fluoxetine (10 μM) or citalopram (1 μM). The enhancing effect of olanzapine was not further augmented by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that olanzapine (50 μM) decreased the firing frequency of GABAergic neurons in acute DRN slices. Among many serotonergic agents, the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB399885 (1-100 μM) mimicked the effects of olanzapine by enhancing the SSRI-induced increase in extracellular 5-HT levels, which was not further augmented by bicuculline or olanzapine. SB399885 (50 μM) also decreased the firing frequency of GABAergic neurons in the DRN. In addition, an intraperitoneal administration of SB399885 (10 mg/kg) to mice significantly enhanced the antidepressant-like effect of a subeffective dose of citalopram (3 mg/kg) in the tail-suspension test. These results suggest that olanzapine decreases local inhibitory GABAergic tone in the DRN through antagonism of 5-HT6 receptors, thereby increasing the activity of at least part of serotonergic neurons, which may contribute to the augmentation of the efficacy of SSRIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Thur KE, Nelson AJD, Cassaday HJ. Ro 04-6790-induced cognitive enhancement: no effect in trace conditioning and novel object recognition procedures in adult male Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 127:42-8. [PMID: 25450117 PMCID: PMC4258611 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for cognitively enhancing effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) receptor antagonists such as Ro 04-6790 is inconsistent and seems to depend on the behavioral test variant in use. Trace conditioning holds promise as a behavioral assay for hippocampus-dependent working memory function. Accordingly, Experiment 1 assessed the effect of Ro 04-6790 (5 and 10mg/kg i.p.) on associating a noise conditioned stimulus paired with foot shock (unconditioned stimulus) at a 3 or 30s trace interval in adult male Wistar rats. Contextual conditioning was measured as suppression to the contextual cues provided by the experimental chambers and as suppression to a temporally extended light background stimulus which provided an experimental context. Experiment 2 assessed the effect of Ro 04-6790 (5 and 10mg/kg i.p.) on recognition memory as tested by the exploration of novel relative to familiar objects in an open arena. In Experiment 1, Ro 04-6790 (5 and 10mg/kg) was without effect on trace and contextual conditioning. In Experiment 2, there was no indication of the expected improvement under Ro 04-6790 at the same doses previously found to enhance recognition memory as measured in tests of novel object exploration. Thus, there was no evidence that treatment with the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist Ro 04-6790 acted as a cognitive enhancer in either trace conditioning or object recognition procedures. We cannot exclude the possibility that the experimental procedures used in the present study would have been sensitive to the cognitive enhancing effects of Ro 04-6790 in a different dose range, behavioral test variant, or in a different strain of rat. Nonetheless the drug treatment was not ineffective in that object exploration was reduced under 10mg/kg Ro 04-6790.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Thur
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A J D Nelson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H J Cassaday
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Siwek A, Partyka A, Kubacka M, Mogilski S, Wasik A, Kołaczkowski M, Wesołowska A. Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic-like effects of EMD 386088, a partial 5-HT6 receptor agonist, in the rat elevated plus-maze and Vogel conflict tests. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
39
|
Benhamú B, Martín-Fontecha M, Vázquez-Villa H, Pardo L, López-Rodríguez ML. Serotonin 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficiency in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7160-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bellinda Benhamú
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Martín-Fontecha
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Vázquez-Villa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori
de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat
de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L. López-Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Geldenhuys WJ, Van der Schyf CJ. The serotonin 5-HT6receptor: a viable drug target for treating cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:1073-85. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
41
|
Carballosa-Gonzalez MM, Vitores A, Hentall ID. Hindbrain raphe stimulation boosts cyclic adenosine monophosphate and signaling proteins in the injured spinal cord. Brain Res 2013; 1543:165-72. [PMID: 24246733 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early recovery from incomplete spinal cord contusion is improved by prolonged stimulation of the hindbrain's serotonergic nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). Here we examine whether increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an intracellular signaling molecule with several known restorative actions on damaged neural tissue, could play a role. Subsequent changes in cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor "cAMP response element-binding protein" (CREB) are also analyzed. Rats with moderate weight-drop injury at segment T8 received 2h of NRM stimulation beginning three days after injury, followed immediately by separate extraction of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord for immunochemical assay. Controls lacked injury, stimulation or both. Injury reduced cAMP levels to under half of normal in all three spinal regions. NRM stimulation completely restored these levels, while producing no significant change in non-injured rats. Pretreatment with the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist pimozide (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) lowered cAMP in non-injured rats to injury amounts, which were unchanged by NRM stimulation. The phosphorylated fraction of PKA (pPKA) and CREB (pCREB) was reduced significantly in all three regions after SCI and restored by NRM stimulation, except for pCREB in lumbar segments. In conclusion, SCI produces spreading deficits in cAMP, pPKA and pCREB that are reversible by Gs protein-coupled 5-HT receptors responding to raphe-spinal activity, although these signaling molecules are not reactive to NRM stimulation in normal tissue. These findings can partly explain the benefits of NRM stimulation after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Vitores
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ian D Hentall
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mattsson C, Svensson P, Boettcher H, Sonesson C. Structure–activity relationship of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole analogues as 5-HT6 receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:578-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
43
|
Monti JM, Jantos H, Schechter LE. The effects of systemic and local microinjection into the central nervous system of the selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor agonist WAY-208466 on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2013; 249:65-74. [PMID: 23624323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of WAY-208466, a selective 5-HT6 receptor agonist on spontaneous sleep were studied in adult rats implanted for chronic sleep recordings. Systemic administration of WAY-208466 during the light phase of the light-dark cycle significantly increased wakefulness (W) and reduced slow wave sleep (SWS), REM sleep (REMS) and the number of REMS periods. Pretreatment with the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist RO-399885 prevented the effects of the 5-HT6 receptor agonist on W, SWS and REMS. Direct infusion of WAY-208466 into the dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, basal forebrain (horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca) or laterodorsal tegmental nucleus specifically decreased REMS without significantly altering W or SWS. In all instances the REMS suppression was dependent upon the reduction of REMS periods. The finding that WAY-208466 increases extracellular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the rat frontal cortex tends to suggest that the neurotransmitter could be involved in the 5-HT6 receptor agonist-induced disruption of the sleep-wake cycle. However, further studies are needed to resolve this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Monti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Clinics Hospital. Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
During the past 20 years, the 5-HT6 receptor has received increasing attention and become a promising target for improving cognition. Several studies with structurally different compounds have shown that not only antagonists but also 5-HT6 receptor agonists improve learning and memory in animal models. A large number of publications describing the development of ligands for this receptor have come to light, and it is now quite evident that 5-HT6 receptors have great pharmaceutical potential in terms of related patents. However, 5-HT6 receptor functionality is much more complex than initially defined. According to the existing data, different cellular pathways may be activated, depending on the drug being used. This article reviews preclinical and clinical evidence of the effects that 5-HT6 receptor compounds have on cognition. In addition, the biochemical and neurochemical mechanisms of action through which 5-HT6 receptor compounds can influence cognition will be described. Overall, several 5-HT6-targeted compounds can reasonably be regarded as powerful drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Javier Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Celada P, Puig MV, Artigas F. Serotonin modulation of cortical neurons and networks. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:25. [PMID: 23626526 PMCID: PMC3630391 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonergic pathways originating in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MnR, respectively) are critically involved in cortical function. Serotonin (5-HT), acting on postsynaptic and presynaptic receptors, is involved in cognition, mood, impulse control and motor functions by (1) modulating the activity of different neuronal types, and (2) varying the release of other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine and dopamine. Also, 5-HT seems to play an important role in cortical development. Of all cortical regions, the frontal lobe is the area most enriched in serotonergic axons and 5-HT receptors. 5-HT and selective receptor agonists modulate the excitability of cortical neurons and their discharge rate through the activation of several receptor subtypes, of which the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 subtypes play a major role. Little is known, however, on the role of other excitatory receptors moderately expressed in cortical areas, such as 5-HT2C, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors are key players and exert opposite effects on the activity of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The activation of 5-HT1A receptors in mPFC hyperpolarizes pyramidal neurons whereas that of 5-HT2A receptors results in neuronal depolarization, reduction of the afterhyperpolarization and increase of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and of discharge rate. 5-HT can also stimulate excitatory (5-HT2A and 5-HT3) and inhibitory (5-HT1A) receptors in GABA interneurons to modulate synaptic GABA inputs onto pyramidal neurons. Likewise, the pharmacological manipulation of various 5-HT receptors alters oscillatory activity in PFC, suggesting that 5-HT is also involved in the control of cortical network activity. A better understanding of the actions of 5-HT in PFC may help to develop treatments for mood and cognitive disorders associated with an abnormal function of the frontal lobe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Celada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (CSIC), IDIBAPS Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Marazziti D, Baroni S, Pirone A, Giannaccini G, Betti L, Testa G, Schmid L, Palego L, Borsini F, Bordi F, Piano I, Gargini C, Castagna M, Catena-Dell'osso M, Lucacchini A. Serotonin receptor of type 6 (5-HT6) in human prefrontal cortex and hippocampus post-mortem: an immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence study. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:182-8. [PMID: 23219521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the paucity of data on the distribution of serotonin (5-HT) receptors of type 6 (5-HT(6)) in the human brain, the aim of this study was to investigate their distribution in postmortem human prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus by either immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence techniques. The brain samples were obtained from 6 subjects who had died for causes not involving primarily or secondarily the CNS. The 5-HT(6) receptor distribution was explored by the [(125)I]SB-258585 binding to brain membranes followed by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence evaluations. A specific [(125)I]SB-258585 binding was detected in all the regions under investigation, whilst the content in the hippocampus and cortex being about 10-30 times lower than in the striatum. Immunohistochemistry and double-label immunofluorescence microscopy experiments, carried out in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus only, since data in the striatum were already published, showed the presence of 5-HT(6) receptors in both pyramidal and glial cells of prefrontal cortex, while positive cells were mainly pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. The heterogeneous distribution of 5-HT(6) receptors provides a preliminary explanation of how they might regulate different functions in different brain areas, such as, perhaps, brain trophism in the cortex and neuronal firing in the hippocampus. This study, taking into account all the limitations due to the postmortem model used, represents the starting point to explore the 5-HT(6) receptor functionality and its sub-cellular distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ivachtchenko AV, Ivanenkov YA. 5HT(6) receptor antagonists: a patent update. Part 1. Sulfonyl derivatives. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:917-64. [PMID: 22816965 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.709236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among a variety of proteins included in a relatively wide GPCR family, serotonin 5HT receptors (5HT(6)Rs) are highly attractive as important biological targets with enormous clinical importance. Among this subclass, 5HT(6)R is the most recently discovered group. Available biological data clearly indicate that 5HT(6)R antagonists can be used as effective regulators in a variety of contexts, including memory formation, age-related cognitive impairments and memory deficits associated with conditions such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this receptor has already attracted a considerable attention within the scientific community, due to its versatile therapeutic potential. AREAS COVERED The current paper is an update to the comprehensive review article published previously in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents (see issue 20(7), 2010). Here, the main focus is on small-molecule compounds - 5HT(6) antagonists - which have been described in recent patent literature, since the end of 2009. To obtain a clear understanding of the situation and dynamic within the field of 5HT(6) ligands, having an obvious pharmaceutical potential in terms of related patents, a comprehensive search through several key patent collections have been provided. The authors describe the reported chemical classes and scaffolds in sufficient detail to provide a valuable insight in the 5HT(6)R chemistry and pharmacology. The review consists of two core parts with separate sections arranged in accordance with the main structural features of 5HT(6)R ligands. EXPERT OPINION Recent progress in the understanding of the 5HT(6) receptor function and structure includes a suggested constitutive activity for the receptor, development of a number of multimodal small molecule ligands and re-classification of many selective antagonists as pseudo-selective agents. Heterocycles with sulfonyl group and without any basic center provide sufficient supramolecular interactions and show high antagonistic activity against 5HT(6)R.
Collapse
|
48
|
Callaghan CK, Hok V, Della-Chiesa A, Virley DJ, Upton N, O'Mara SM. Age-related declines in delayed non-match-to-sample performance (DNMS) are reversed by the novel 5HT6 receptor antagonist SB742457. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:890-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
49
|
5-HT6 Receptor antagonists. I. Screening of the library of various heterocyclic compounds containing an alkylsulfonyl moiety. Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
Godínez-Chaparro B, López-Santillán FJ, Orduña P, Granados-Soto V. Secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia depend on descending facilitation mediated by spinal 5-HT₄, 5-HT₆ and 5-HT₇ receptors. Neuroscience 2012; 222:379-91. [PMID: 22796074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we determined the role of spinal 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT(4/6/7) receptors in the long-term secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by formalin in the rat. Formalin produced acute nociceptive behaviors (flinching and licking/lifting) followed by long-term secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. In addition, formalin increased the tissue content of 5-HT in the ipsilateral, but not contralateral, dorsal part of the spinal cord compared to control animals. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of 5,7-dihydroxytriptamine (5,7-DHT), a serotonergic neurotoxin, diminished tissue 5-HT content in the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal parts of the spinal cord. Accordingly, i.t. 5,7-DHT prevented formalin-induced secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. I.t. pre-treatment (-10 min) with ML-10302 (5-HT(4) agonist), EMD-386088 (5-HT(6) agonist) and LP-12 (5-HT(7) agonist) significantly increased secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. In contrast, i.t. pre-treatment (-20 min) with GR-125487 (5-HT(4) antagonist), SB-258585 (5-HT(6) antagonist) and SB-269970 (5-HT(7) antagonist) significantly prevented formalin-induced long-term effects in both paws. In addition, these antagonists prevented the pro-nociceptive effect of ML-10302, EMD-386088 and LP-12, respectively. The i.t. post-treatment (6 days after formalin injection) with GR-125487, SB-258585 and SB-269970 reversed formalin-induced secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. These results suggest that spinal 5-HT, released from the serotonergic projections in response to formalin injection, activates pre- or post-synaptic 5-HT(4/6/7) receptors at the dorsal root ganglion/spinal cord promoting the development and maintenance of secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Godínez-Chaparro
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, México, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|