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Durutovic O, Lalic N, Milenkovic-Petronic D, Bojanic N, Djordjevic D, Milojevic B, Ladjevic N, Mimic A, Tulic L, Dzamic Z, Micic S. The Correlation of Biochemical and Morphologic Parameters in the Assessment of Sperm Maturity. Urology 2013; 82:1296-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dere E, Anderson LM, Coulson M, McIntyre BS, Boekelheide K, Chapin RE. SOT Symposium Highlight: Translatable Indicators of Testicular Toxicity: Inhibin B, MicroRNAs, and Sperm Signatures. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:265-73. [PMID: 24052563 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular toxicity is an important safety endpoint in drug development and risk assessment, but reliable and translatable biomarkers for predicting injury have eluded researchers. However, this area shows great potential for improvement, with several avenues currently being pursued. This was the topic of a symposium session during the 2013 Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting in San Antonio, TX, entitled "Translatable Indicators of Testicular Toxicity: Inhibin B, MicroRNAs, and Sperm Signatures." This symposium brought together stakeholders from academia, government, and industry to present the limitations and drawbacks of currently used indicators of injury and discussed the ongoing efforts in developing more predictive biomarkers of injury. The presentations highlighted the early challenges of using circulating inhibin B and microRNA levels, and sperm messenger RNA transcript abundance and DNA methylation profiles, as novel biomarkers of testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Dere
- * Division of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
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Zheng L, Senda Y, Abe S. Perturbation in protein expression of the sterile salmonid hybrids between female brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and male masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou during early spermatogenesis. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:292-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huszar G, Celik-Ozenci C, Cayli S, Kovacs T, Vigue L, Kovanci E. Semen Characteristics After Overnight Shipping: Preservation of Sperm Concentrations, HspA2 Ratios, CK Activity, Cytoplasmic Retention, Chromatin Maturity, DNA Integrity, and Sperm Shape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:593-604. [PMID: 15223848 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested several approaches that can be used to preserve sperm attributes and the objective biochemical markers of sperm maturity and function for assessment in a remote centralized laboratory after overnight shipping of semen samples. Addition of phenyl-methyl-sulfonyl-fluoride (PMSF) to a final concentration of 20 microg/mL semen at 4 degrees C has preserved sperm concentrations and HspA2 isoform ratios, even at room temperature, simulating a shipping delay in moderate ambient temperatures. Regarding the attributes of individual spermatozoa, the patterns of CK-immunocytochemistry (demonstrates cytoplasmic retention in diminished-maturity spermatozoa); aniline blue staining pattern (tests chromatin maturity); sperm shape assessed by both Kruger strict morphology and computer assisted morphometry; and sperm DNA integrity, as tested by DNA nick translation, all remained unchanged. Thus, the PMSF-4 degrees C conditions preserved sperm concentrations and the cytoplasmic and nuclear biomarkers of sperm cellular maturity and function for next-day analysis. This shipping method will facilitate the early detection of subtle changes in semen quality that can affect sperm function, even when there has been no decline in sperm concentrations to signal possible toxic effects. Furthermore, sample preservation will enable investigators to evaluate semen for toxicology studies and for diagnosis of male infertility from remote locations. Home collection of semen should enhance study participation, and semen assessment in centralized laboratories will address concerns regarding interlaboratory variations and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Huszar
- Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Huszar G, Jakab A, Sakkas D, Ozenci CC, Cayli S, Delpiano E, Ozkavukcu S. Fertility testing and ICSI sperm selection by hyaluronic acid binding: clinical and genetic aspects. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 14:650-63. [PMID: 17509211 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The testis-expressed chaperone protein, HspA2 (previously creatine kinase M isoform) was established as a measure of human sperm cellular maturity, function and fertility. The presence of HspA2 in the synaptonemal complex is likely to link low HspA2 expression and increased frequency of chromosomal aneuploidies in arrested-maturity spermatozoa. A relationship also exists between HspA2 expression in elongating spermatids and the associated spermatogenetic events, including plasma membrane remodelling and the formation of zona pellucida and hyaluronic acid (HA) binding sites. The HA receptor of mature spermatozoa, when coupled with HA-coated slides and/or Petri dishes, allows visual observation of sperm-HA binding, providing a basis for sperm maturity testing, a major improvement in semen evaluation, and selection of mature spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Thus, in HA-selected spermatozoa the frequency of chromosomal disomy and diploidy is reduced 4- to 6-fold compared with semen sperm fractions. This reduction is similar to the increase in numerical chromosomal aberrations in ICSI children. Combined studies of sperm shape and chromosome probes demonstrated that sperm morphology does not aid selection of haploid spermatozoa. The HA-mediated sperm selection is a novel and efficient technique that may alleviate potential problems related to ICSI fertilization with visually selected spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Huszar
- The Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine. 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Dozortsev D, Neme R, Diamond MP, Abdelmassih S, Abdelmassih V, Oliveira F, Abdelmassih R. Embryos generated using testicular spermatozoa have higher developmental potential than those obtained using epididymal spermatozoa in men with obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2006; 86:606-11. [PMID: 16952508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the injection of testicular spermatozoa results in more viable embryos (higher implantation rate) than injection of epididymal spermatozoa in cases of obstructive azoospermia. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 265 cases of testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) and percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA), including 185 cases of obstructive azoospermia. SETTING Private Infertility clinic. PATIENT(S) None, charts review. INTERVENTION(S) None, charts review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Clinical pregnancy rate (PR), implantation rate. RESULT(S) Although fertilization rates were higher in the PESA group, implantation rates were significantly better in the TESA group. There was also a trend to higher ongoing PR and lower miscarriage rates in TESA cases. CONCLUSION(S) In cases of obstructive azoospermia, embryos generated using testicular spermatozoa have higher developmental potential than those obtained using epididymal spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Dozortsev
- Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Roger Abdelmassih, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Huszar G, Ozenci CC, Cayli S, Zavaczki Z, Hansch E, Vigue L. Hyaluronic acid binding by human sperm indicates cellular maturity, viability, and unreacted acrosomal status. Fertil Steril 2003; 79 Suppl 3:1616-24. [PMID: 12801568 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test, both in semen and washed-sperm fractions, whether hyaluronic acid (HA) binding is restricted to sperm that have completed cellular maturation. DESIGN Comparisons of sperm in semen and in HA-bound sperm fractions. SETTINGS University-based diagnostic and research andrology laboratory. PATIENT(S) Semen samples originated in men being tested for infertility. INTERVENTION(S) The attributes of sperm maturity were tested by immunocytochemistry with creatine kinase and HspA2 antisera (highlights cytoplasmic retention in diminished-maturity sperm), aniline blue chromatin staining (detects persistent histones), pisum sativum lectin staining (reveals acrosomal integrity), and the FertiLight viability kit (highlights viable and nonviable sperm). RESULT(S) All markers of sperm maturity and immaturity supported the hypothesis that HA-bound sperm are mature. Nonbinding sperm exhibited cytoplasmic and nuclear properties of diminished maturity. The acrosomal status of HA-bound sperm was either unreacted or slightly capacitated, but not acrosome reacted. Only viable sperm exhibited HA binding. CONCLUSION(S) Sperm that are able to bind to HA are mature and have completed the spermiogenetic processes of sperm plasma membrane remodeling, cytoplasmic extrusion, and nuclear histone-protamine replacement. Hyaluronic acid-bound sperm show unreacted acrosomes. These studies provide further insights into the relationship between spermiogenesis and sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Huszar
- Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
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Cayli S, Jakab A, Ovari L, Delpiano E, Celik-Ozenci C, Sakkas D, Ward D, Huszar G. Biochemical markers of sperm function: male fertility and sperm selection for ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 7:462-8. [PMID: 14656409 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a 70 kDa chaperone protein, HspA2 (formerly called CK-M), has been identified in mature human spermatozoa. The central role of HspA2 has been established, as the expression level of this protein is related to sperm cellular maturity, DNA integrity, chromatin maturity, chromosomal aneuploidy frequency and sperm function, including fertilizing potential. The spermiogenetic events of cytoplasmic extrusion and remodelling of the plasma membrane, which facilitate the formation of zona pellucida binding site(s) in human spermatozoa, are related. Finally, the presence of the hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor on the plasma membrane of mature sperm coupled with the HA-coated slide sperm-binding assay, facilitates the testing of infertile men and the selection of single mature spermatozoa for ICSI. Because mature spermatozoa have no residual cytoplasm, the HA-bound sperm fraction is also enriched in spermatozoa that are normal by the Kruger strict morphology method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cayli
- The Sperm Physiology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Ergur AR, Dokras A, Giraldo JL, Habana A, Kovanci E, Huszar G. Sperm maturity and treatment choice of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection: diminished sperm HspA2 chaperone levels predict IVF failure. Fertil Steril 2002; 77:910-8. [PMID: 12009343 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reexamine whether low sperm HspA2 ratios (formerly sperm CK-M ratio) are predictive for failure to cause pregnancies by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to explore whether there are other male or female factors that may be predictive for IVF pregnancy outcome. DESIGN Retrospective, cohort study. SETTING University-based IVF program. PATIENT(S) In 119 IVF cycles, three patient groups were studied: 25 men had a <10% sperm HspA2 ratio and a lack of pregnancies (HS <10% group), 50 men had a >10% sperm HspA2 ratio and no pregnancies (HS >10%NP group), and another 44 couples had a >10% sperm HspA2 ratio but did achieve pregnancies (HS >10%P group). INTERVENTION(S) Sperm HspA2 ratio determinations within 1 year of the IVF cycles and analysis of male and female IVF cycle parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sperm HspA2 ratio determinations within 1 year of the IVF cycles and analysis of male and female IVF cycle parameters. RESULT(S) In the three groups, male and female ages, number and maturation level of oocytes, and morphology of embryos were similar. In the HS < 10% group, mean sperm concentration and motility were close to normal, the fertilization and cleavage rates were lower, and cycles without any oocyte fertilization were higher. These parameters were similar in the two HS > 10% groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve in men with sperm HspA2 ratios of <17% (diminished and borderline sperm maturity) provided a cutoff value of 10.84% HspA2 ratio with a 100% positive predictive value for failure to achieve pregnancy, whether the men were oligospermic or normospermic. CONCLUSION(S) HspA2 ratios of <10% in the diminished sperm maturity range predict the failure to cause pregnancies by IVF. Thus, IVF should be bypassed in favor of ICSI. The occurrence of pregnancy with ICSI depends on the maturity of sperm selected, and it may not be as likely as in other indications for ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rustu Ergur
- The Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA
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Huszar G, Stone K, Dix D, Vigue L. Putative creatine kinase M-isoform in human sperm is identifiedas the 70-kilodalton heat shock protein HspA2. Biol Reprod 2000; 63:925-32. [PMID: 10952940 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod63.3.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described a putative creatine kinase M isoform in human sperm that is developmentally regulated and expressed during late spermiogenesis, simultaneous with cytoplasmic extrusion. We have now identified this protein as the testis-expressed 70-kDa heat shock protein chaperone known as HspA2 (the human homologue of mouse Hsp70-2). We have isolated and characterized HspA2 (formerly CK-M) by amino acid sequencing and have localized it by immunocytochemistry to spermatocytes at low levels, to spermatids, and in the tail of mature sperm. The specificity of the CK-M/HspA2 antiserum to HspA2 was demonstrated on immunoblots of one- and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. In agreement with our earlier biochemical data, immunocytochemistry of testicular tissue indicated that HspA2 is selectively expressed in mature spermatids and in sperm about to be released in the seminiferous tubuli. The identity of HspA2 has been further confirmed by cross-absorption of the mouse HSP70-2 antibody by the HspA2/CK-M fraction, and by identical immunostaining patterns of human testicular tissue using either the anti-CK-M/HspA2 or an anti-mouse Hsp70-2 antisera. During spermiogenesis, both cytoplasmic extrusion and plasma membrane remodeling, which facilitate the formation of the zona pellucida binding site, involve major intrasperm protein transport, which may be chaperoned by HspA2. Accordingly, in immature human sperm, which fail to express HspA2, there is cytoplasmic retention and lack of zona pellucida binding. The present findings provide the biological rationale for the role of the human HspA2 as an objective biochemical marker of sperm function and male fertility, which we have established in earlier clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Huszar
- The Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D M De Kretser
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Gergely A, Kovanci E, Senturk L, Cosmi E, Vigue L, Huszar G. Morphometric assessment of mature and diminished-maturity human spermatozoa: sperm regions that reflect differences in maturity. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:2007-14. [PMID: 10438418 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.8.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our studies on sperm maturity and function, we examined the head, midpiece and tail of human spermatozoa using computerized morphometry in order to determine which regions reflect the differences between mature spermatozoa and spermatozoa of diminished cellular maturity. We studied 20 men, who were divided into two groups based on their lower (LCKM: 14.6 +/- 7.0%, n = 8) and higher sperm creatine kinase (CK-M) isoform ratios (HCKM: 48.0 +/- 4.3%, n = 12) in the initial semen. Using a sequential centrifugation method which relies on the lower density of immature spermatozoa with retained extra cytoplasm, we prepared three sperm fractions with progressively declining maturity, as confirmed with CK-M isoform ratio measurements. Following the sequential fractionation, we affixed the spermatozoa to glass slides, stained the midpiece and the sperm contour, and photographed 25 spermatozoa in each of the 60 fractions (1509 spermatozoa in all). The spermatozoa were then individually digitized on the Image-1 system, and the dimensions of the head, midpiece, and tail were determined. While the data showed significant differences in the midpiece and tail dimensions between the mature and diminished-maturity sperm fractions, the head dimensions were similar and did not reflect sperm maturity. We postulated that the relationship between the biochemical markers of sperm maturity and sperm morphology is based on common spermiogenic events. The data support this idea. In immature spermatozoa in which cytoplasmic extrusion, CK-M isoform expression, and tail sprouting are all diminished, the retained extra cytoplasm in the midpiece and shorter tail length contribute to the morphological variations that we identified by morphometry and considered in sperm morphology. These morphometric features, in association with fluorochrome-coupled biochemical probes, can facilitate the identification of mature spermatozoa in computer-assisted semen analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gergely
- The Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Gergely A, Szöllösi J, Falkai G, Resch B, Kovacs L, Huszar G. Sperm creatine kinase activity in normospermic and oligozospermic Hungarian men. J Assist Reprod Genet 1999; 16:35-40. [PMID: 9987692 PMCID: PMC3468215 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022545612784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to measure sperm creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity, which reflects cytoplasmic retention in immature spermatozoa, in normospermic and oligozospermic Hungarian men. METHODS A study of 109 randomly selected men in a university-based andrology laboratory was done. RESULTS CK activity differed between normospermic and oligozospermic men (0.21 +/- 0.02 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.15 CK IU/10(8) sperm; n = 56 and n = 53; mean +/- standard error of the mean, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between sperm concentration and CK activity (r = -0.70; n = 109). However, 28% of men in the range with less than 10 million sperm/ml had normal sperm CK activity (below the mean + 2 standard deviations of the group with greater than 30 x 10(6) sperm/ml), whereas 36% of men in the group with 20-30 million sperm/ml and 5% in the group with greater than 30 million sperm/ml had elevated CK activities, indicating that the incidence of mature and immature spermatozoa in specimens is independent from the sperm concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The improved facility of sperm CK activity measurements, compared with sperm concentrations, in the assessment of sperm maturity was confirmed in a Hungarian population. The CK measurements aid the selection of the most efficient treatment for couples with male-factor or unexplained infertility, particularly when considering the options of intrauterine insemination, varicocelectomy followed by a waiting period, or ovulation workup/induction in wives of men who are oligozospermic but may have fertile sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gergely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
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Schatten G, Hewitson L, Simerly C, Sutovsky P, Huszar G. Cell and molecular biological challenges of ICSI: ART before science? THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 1998; 26:29-3. [PMID: 11067583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Authors discuss the possible genetic and cell biological risks to offspring conceived by ICSI in relation to the lack of fundamental research using relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schatten
- Center for Women's Health, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Beaverton, USA
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Functions of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes in Spermatozoa. ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (1992) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3116(08)60040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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