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Mo Y, Yue M, Yim LY, Zhou R, Yu C, Peng Q, Zhou Y, Luk TY, Lui GCY, Huang H, Lim CYH, Wang H, Liu L, Sun H, Wang J, Song Y, Chen Z. Nicotinamide mononucleotide impacts HIV-1 infection by modulating immune activation in T lymphocytes and humanized mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104877. [PMID: 37980794 PMCID: PMC10694053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-associated immune activation drives CD4+ T cell depletion and the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We aimed to determine the role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the direct precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) co-enzyme, in CD4+ T cell modulation during HIV-1 infection. METHODS We examined HIV-1 integrated DNA or transcribed RNA, intracellular p24 protein, and T cell activation markers in CD4+ T cells including in vitro HIV-1-infected cells, reactivated patient-derived cells, and in HIV-1-infected humanized mice, under NMN treatment. RNA-seq and CyTOF analyses were used for investigating the effect of NMN on CD4+ T cells. FINDINGS We found that NMN increased the intracellular NAD amount, resulting in suppressed HIV-1 p24 production and proliferation in infected CD4+ T cells, especially in activated CD25+CD4+ T cells. NMN also inhibited CD25 expression on reactivated resting CD4+ T cells derived from cART-treated people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). In HIV-1-infected humanized mice, the frequency of CD4+ T cells was reconstituted significantly by combined cART and NMN treatment as compared with cART or NMN alone, which correlated with suppressed hyperactivation of CD4+ T cells. INTERPRETATION Our results highlight the suppressive role of NMN in CD4+ T cell activation during HIV-1 infection. It warrants future clinical investigation of NMN as a potential treatment in combination with cART in PLWH. FUNDING This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Theme-Based Research Scheme (T11-706/18-N), University Research Committee of The University of Hong Kong, the Collaborative Research with GeneHarbor (Hong Kong) Biotechnologies Limited and National Key R&D Program of China (Grant2021YFC2301900).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Mo
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lok Yan Yim
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhao Yu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Peng
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz-Yat Luk
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Grace Chung-Yan Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Huarong Huang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Yu Hubert Lim
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- GeneHarbor (Hong Kong) Biotechnologies Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Center for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, People's Republic of China.
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Hu Q, Zhang QY, Peng CF, Ma Z, Han YL. Efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy in lymphopenia for patients with ordinary or severe COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31138. [PMID: 36316932 PMCID: PMC9622579 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy for lymphopenia in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Twenty four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 12) during hospitalization in a ratio of 1:1. Based on conventional treatment, the treatment group was administered 100 mg nicotinamide 5 times a day for 2 days. The control group received routine treatment only. The primary endpoint was the change in the absolute lymphocyte count. The secondary endpoints included both in-hospital death and the composite endpoint of aggravation, according to upgraded oxygen therapy, improved nursing level, and ward rounds of superior physicians for changes in conditions. RESULTS Full blood counts before and after nicotinamide administration were comparable in each group (all P > .05). Before and after receiving nicotinamide, mean absolute lymphocyte counts were similar between the two groups ([0.94 ± 0.26] × 109/L vs [0.89 ± 0.19] × 109/L, P = .565; [1.15 ± 0.48] × 109/L vs [1.02 ± 0.28] × 109/L, P = .445, respectively). Therefore, there was no statistically significant difference in the lymphocyte improvement rate between the two groups (23.08 ± 46.10 vs 16.52 ± 24.10, P = .67). There was also no statistically significant difference in the secondary endpoints between the two groups. CONCLUSION Among patients with COVID-19, there was no statistically significant difference in the change of whole blood counts and absolute lymphocyte counts before and after intervention in both groups. Therefore, no new evidence has been found regarding the effect of niacinamide on lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Peng
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Ling Han
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Ling Han, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China (e-mail: )
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Shytaj IL, Procopio FA, Tarek M, Carlon‐Andres I, Tang H, Goldman AR, Munshi M, Kumar Pal V, Forcato M, Sreeram S, Leskov K, Ye F, Lucic B, Cruz N, Ndhlovu LC, Bicciato S, Padilla‐Parra S, Diaz RS, Singh A, Lusic M, Karn J, Alvarez‐Carbonell D, Savarino A. Glycolysis downregulation is a hallmark of HIV-1 latency and sensitizes infected cells to oxidative stress. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13901. [PMID: 34289240 PMCID: PMC8350904 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infects lymphoid and myeloid cells, which can harbor a latent proviral reservoir responsible for maintaining lifelong infection. Glycolytic metabolism has been identified as a determinant of susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, but its role in the development and maintenance of HIV-1 latency has not been elucidated. By combining transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses, we here show that transition to latent HIV-1 infection downregulates glycolysis, while viral reactivation by conventional stimuli reverts this effect. Decreased glycolytic output in latently infected cells is associated with downregulation of NAD+ /NADH. Consequently, infected cells rely on the parallel pentose phosphate pathway and its main product, NADPH, fueling antioxidant pathways maintaining HIV-1 latency. Of note, blocking NADPH downstream effectors, thioredoxin and glutathione, favors HIV-1 reactivation from latency in lymphoid and myeloid cellular models. This provides a "shock and kill effect" decreasing proviral DNA in cells from people living with HIV/AIDS. Overall, our data show that downmodulation of glycolysis is a metabolic signature of HIV-1 latency that can be exploited to target latently infected cells with eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iart Luca Shytaj
- Department of Infectious DiseasesItalian Institute of HealthRomeItaly
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Francesco Andrea Procopio
- Service of Immunology and AllergyLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Mohammad Tarek
- Bioinformatics DepartmentArmed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM)CairoEgypt
| | - Irene Carlon‐Andres
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Sheetal Sreeram
- Department of Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Konstantin Leskov
- Department of Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Fengchun Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Bojana Lucic
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- German Center for Infection ResearchHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nicolly Cruz
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Sergi Padilla‐Parra
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Amit Singh
- Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Marina Lusic
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- German Center for Infection ResearchHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - David Alvarez‐Carbonell
- Department of Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Andrea Savarino
- Department of Infectious DiseasesItalian Institute of HealthRomeItaly
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Malesu R, Martin AJ, Lyons JG, Scolyer RA, Chen AC, McKenzie CA, Madore J, Halliday GM, Damian DL. Nicotinamide for skin cancer chemoprevention: effects of nicotinamide on melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:171-179. [PMID: 31942903 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM), an amide form of vitamin B3, replenishes cellular energy after ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, thereby enhancing DNA repair and reducing UVR's immunosuppressive effects. NAM reduces actinic keratoses and new keratinocyte cancers in high risk individuals, but its effects on melanoma are unknown. Melanomas arising on NAM or placebo within the ONTRAC skin cancer chemoprevention trial (Oral Nicotinamide To Reduce Actinic Cancer) were examined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of NAM (50 μM, 5 mM and 20 mM) on the viability, proliferation and invasiveness of four human melanoma cell lines and on the viability and proliferation of two human melanocyte lines, with and without UV irradiation were also investigated. 50 μM NAM did not affect viability, proliferation or invasion of melanoma or melanocyte cell lines, whereas concentrations too high to be achievable in vivo reduced viability and proliferation. Nicotinamide did not enhance melanoma viability, proliferation or invasiveness in vitro, providing additional confidence in its safety for use in clinical trials in high risk patients. Peritumoral and tumour infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were significantly increased in melanomas arising on NAM compared to those arising on placebo. Given the chemopreventive activity of nicotinamide against keratinocyte cancers, its DNA repair enhancing effects in melanocytes and now its potential enhancement of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and lack of adverse effects on melanoma cell growth and proliferation, clinical trials of nicotinamide for melanoma chemoprevention are now indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Malesu
- Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia.
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Wohlrab J, Kreft D. Niacinamide - mechanisms of action and its topical use in dermatology. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:311-5. [PMID: 24993939 DOI: 10.1159/000359974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Niacinamide, an amide of vitamin B3 (niacin), is a hydrophilic endogenous substance. Its effects after epicutaneous application have long been described in the literature. Given a sufficient bioavailability, niacinamide has antipruritic, antimicrobial, vasoactive, photo-protective, sebostatic and lightening effects depending on its concentration. Within a complex metabolic system niacinamide controls the NFκB-mediated transcription of signalling molecules by inhibiting the nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Niacinamide is a well-tolerated and safe substance often used in cosmetics. Clinical data for its therapeutic use in various dermatoses can increasingly be found in the literature. Although the existing data are not sufficient for a scientifically founded evaluation, it can be stated that the use of niacinamide in galenic preparations for epicutaneous application offers most interesting prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wohlrab
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Lewis MG, Norelli S, Collins M, Barreca ML, Iraci N, Chirullo B, Yalley-Ogunro J, Greenhouse J, Titti F, Garaci E, Savarino A. Response of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251) to raltegravir: a basis for a new treatment for simian AIDS and an animal model for studying lentiviral persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Retrovirology 2010; 7:21. [PMID: 20233398 PMCID: PMC2853490 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we successfully created a new approach to ART in SIVmac251 infected nonhuman primates. This drug regimen is entirely based on drugs affecting the pre-integration stages of replication and consists of only two nucleotidic/nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Nt/NRTIs) and raltegravir, a promising new drug belonging to the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) class. Results In acutely infected human lymphoid CD4+ T-cell lines MT-4 and CEMx174, SIVmac251 replication was efficiently inhibited by raltegravir, which showed an EC90 in the low nanomolar range. This result was confirmed in primary macaque PBMCs and enriched CD4+ T cell fractions. In vivo monotherapy with raltegravir for only ten days resulted in reproducible decreases in viral load in two different groups of animals. When emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir (PMPA) were added to treatment, undetectable viral load was reached in two weeks, and a parallel increase in CD4 counts was observed. In contrast, the levels of proviral DNA did not change significantly during the treatment period, thus showing persistence of this lentiviral reservoir during therapy. Conclusions In line with the high conservation of the three main amino acids Y143, Q148 and N155 (responsible for raltegravir binding) and molecular docking simulations showing similar binding modes of raltegravir at the SIVmac251 and HIV-1 IN active sites, raltegravir is capable of inhibiting SIVmac251 replication both in tissue culture and in vivo. This finding may help to develop effective ART regimens for the simian AIDS model entirely based on drugs adopted for treatment in humans. This ART-treated AIDS nonhuman primate model could be employed to find possible strategies for virus eradication from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Lewis
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Bolton DL, Lenardo MJ. Vpr cytopathicity independent of G2/M cell cycle arrest in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected CD4+ T cells. J Virol 2007; 81:8878-90. [PMID: 17553871 PMCID: PMC1951439 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00122-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of CD4(+) T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals remains unknown, although mounting evidence suggests that direct viral cytopathicity contributes to this loss. The HIV-1 Vpr accessory protein causes cell death and arrests cells in the G(2)/M phase; however, the molecular mechanism underlying these properties is not clear. Mutation of hydrophobic residues on the surface of its third alpha-helix disrupted Vpr toxicity, G(2)/M arrest induction, nuclear localization, and self-association, implicating this region in multiple Vpr functions. Cytopathicity by virion-delivered mutant Vpr protein correlated with G(2)/M arrest induction but not nuclear localization or self-association. However, infection with whole virus encoding these Vpr mutants did not abrogate HIV-1-induced cell killing. Rather, mutant Vpr proteins that are impaired for G(2)/M block still prevented infected cell proliferation, and this property correlated with the death of infected cells. Chemical agents that inhibit infected cells from entering G(2)/M also did not reduce HIV-1 cytopathicity. Combined, these data implicate Vpr in HIV-1 killing through a mechanism involving inhibiting cell division but not necessarily in G(2)/M. Thus, the hydrophobic region of the third alpha-helix of Vpr is crucial for mediating G(2)/M arrest, nuclear localization, and self-association but dispensable for HIV-1 cytopathicity due to residual cell proliferation blockade mediated by a separate region of the protein.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Death
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- Gene Products, vpr/chemistry
- Gene Products, vpr/genetics
- Gene Products, vpr/physiology
- HIV-1/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Jurkat Cells
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation, Missense
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Transport/genetics
- vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Bolton
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 11N311, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
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Lenardo MJ, Angleman SB, Bounkeua V, Dimas J, Duvall MG, Graubard MB, Hornung F, Selkirk MC, Speirs CK, Trageser C, Orenstein JO, Bolton DL. Cytopathic killing of peripheral blood CD4(+) T lymphocytes by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 appears necrotic rather than apoptotic and does not require env. J Virol 2002; 76:5082-93. [PMID: 11967324 PMCID: PMC136142 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.10.5082-5093.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An important unresolved issue of AIDS pathogenesis is the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced CD4(+) T-lymphocyte destruction. We show here that HIV type 1 (HIV-1) exerts a profound cytopathic effect upon peripheral blood CD4(+) T lymphocytes that resembles necrosis rather than apoptosis. Necrotic cytopathology was found with both laboratory-adapted strains and primary isolates of HIV-1. We carefully investigated the role of env, which has been previously implicated in HIV cytopathicity. HIV-1 stocks with equivalent infectivity were prepared from constructs with either an intact or mutated env coding region and pseudotyped with the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) so that the HIV envelope was not rate-limiting for infection. Infected Jurkat T cells died whether or not env was intact; however, the expression of env accelerated death significantly. The accelerated death was blocked by protease inhibitors, indicating that it was due to reinfection by newly produced virus in env(+) cultures. Accordingly, we found no disparity in kinetics in CD4(lo) Jurkat cells. In highly infected peripheral blood T cells, profound necrosis occurred equivalently with both env(+) and env(-) stocks of HIV-1. We also found that HIV-1 cytopathicity was undiminished by the absence of nef. However, viral stocks made by complementation or packaging of HIV-1 genomes with the natural protein-coding sequences replaced by the green fluorescent protein were highly infectious but not cytopathic. Thus, env can accelerate cell death chiefly as an entry function, but one or more viral functions other than env or nef is essential for necrosis of CD4(+) T cells induced by HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lenardo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1892, USA.
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Savarino A, Bottarel F, Malavasi F, Dianzani U. Role of CD38 in HIV-1 infection: an epiphenomenon of T-cell activation or an active player in virus/host interactions? AIDS 2000; 14:1079-89. [PMID: 10894271 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200006160-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Savarino A, Pescarmona GP, Boelaert JR. Iron metabolism and HIV infection: reciprocal interactions with potentially harmful consequences? Cell Biochem Funct 1999; 17:279-87. [PMID: 10587615 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0844(199912)17:4<279::aid-cbf833>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Humans with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection present some evidence suggestive of iron accumulation. Ferritin concentrations increase with HIV disease progression, and iron accumulates in several tissues. Iron excess may exert negative effects in individuals with HIV. Indeed, iron accumulation seems to be associated with shorter survival, and a number of investigations point to an iron-mediated oxidative stress in subjects with HIV infection. The observations on humans infected with HIV are in part supported by in-vitro findings. Indeed, in-vitro HIV infection is associated with changes in iron metabolism, and an iron-mediated oxidative stress is likely to contribute to viral cytopathogenicity. Furthermore, it is interesting to point out that the interaction between iron and HIV may be reciprocal, since viruses with a life-cycle involving a DNA phase require chelatable iron for optimum replication. This combined evidence suggests that iron metabolism is an important area for virus/host interaction. These observations may be relevant to both laboratory monitoring and clinical treatment of individuals with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Savarino
- Departiment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Critical Role of Nitric Oxide During the Apoptosis of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes from Patients with AIDS. Mol Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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12
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Savarino A, Calosso L, Piragino A, Martini C, Gennero L, Pescarmona GP, Pugliese A. Modulation of surface transferrin receptors in lymphoid cells de novo infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Cell Biochem Funct 1999; 17:47-55. [PMID: 10191508 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0844(199903)17:1<47::aid-cbf810>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether transferrin receptor (CD71) expression is affected by acute HIV-1 infection, three different lymphoid cell lines (MT-4, SUPT-1, H9) were infected with HIV-1 and tested for surface CD71 expression after different incubation periods depending on cell survival after infection. We found that expression of surface CD71 was lower in cells infected with HIV-1 than in uninfected controls: the timing and extent of this down-modulation depended apparently on the different susceptibility of the cell lines to HIV-1 infection and cytopathogenicity. Citrate, a molecule capable of chelating iron, dose-dependently prevented down-modulation of surface CD71 in HIV-1 infected cells as well as viral cytopathic effects. We conclude that (i) expression of surface transferrin receptors is down-modulated by acute HIV-1 infection in T lymphoid cells, that (ii) this cell phenotypic modulation is associated with the cytopathic effects of the virus, and that (iii) these phenomena are modulated by iron chelation. These results support the view that iron metabolism may be an important area for interaction between HIV-1 and human cells.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Citrates
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/physiology
- Flow Cytometry
- HIV Infections/metabolism
- HIV-1
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Vitro Techniques
- Iron/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- NAD+ Nucleosidase/analysis
- NAD+ Nucleosidase/immunology
- NAD+ Nucleosidase/metabolism
- Receptors, Transferrin/analysis
- Receptors, Transferrin/immunology
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Sodium Citrate
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Affiliation(s)
- A Savarino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
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