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Stroek W, Keilwerth M, Malaspina LA, Grabowsky S, Meyer K, Albrecht M. Deciphering Iron-Catalyzed C-H Amination with Organic Azides: N 2 Cleavage from a Stable Organoazide Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303410. [PMID: 37916523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic C-N bond formation by direct activation of C-H bonds offers wide synthetic potential. En route to C-H amination, complexes with organic azides are critical precursors towards the reactive nitrene intermediate. Despite their relevance, α-N coordinated organoazide complexes are scarce in general, and elusive with iron, although iron complexes are by far the most active catalysts for C-H amination with organoazides. Herein, we report the synthesis of a stable iron α-N coordinated organoazide complex from [Fe(N(SiMe3 )2 )2 ] and AdN3 (Ad=1-adamantyl) and its crystallographic, IR, NMR and zero-field 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization. These analyses revealed that the organoazide is in fast equilibrium between the free and coordinated state (Keq =62). Photo-crystallography experiments showed gradual dissociation of N2 , which imparted an Fe-N bond shortening and correspond to structural snapshots of the formation of an iron imido/nitrene complex. Reactivity of the organoazide complex in solution showed complete loss of N2 , and subsequent formation of a C-H aminated product via nitrene insertion into a C-H bond of the N(SiMe3 )2 ligand. Monitoring this reaction by 1 H NMR spectroscopy indicates the transient formation of the imido/nitrene intermediate, which was supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy in frozen solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Keilwerth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lorraine A Malaspina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Matveev EY, Dontsova OS, Avdeeva VV, Kubasov AS, Zhdanov AP, Nikiforova SE, Goeva LV, Zhizhin KY, Malinina EA, Kuznetsov NT. Synthesis and Structures of Lead(II) Complexes with Substituted Derivatives of the Closo-Decaborate Anion with a Pendant N 3 Group. Molecules 2023; 28:8073. [PMID: 38138563 PMCID: PMC10746007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied lead(II) and cobalt(II) complexation of derivatives [2-B10H9O(CH2)2O(CH2)2N3]2- and [2-B10H9O(CH2)5N3]2- of the closo-decaborate anion containing pendant azido groups in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridyl. Mononuclear [PbL2{An}] and binuclear [Pb2L4(NO3)2{An}] lead complexes (where {An} is the N3-substituted boron cluster) were isolated and studied by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The mononuclear lead(II) complex [Pb(phen)2[B10H9O(CH2)2O(CH2)2N3] and the binuclear lead(II) complex [Pb2(phen)4(NO3)2[B10H9O(CH2)5)N3] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In complex [Pb2(phen)4(NO3)2[B10H9O(CH2)5)N3], the boron cluster is coordinated by the metal atom only via the 3c2e MHB bonds. In complex [Pb(phen)2[B10H9O(CH2)2O(CH2)2N3], the coordination environment of the metal includes BH groups of the boron cluster and the oxygen atom of the exo-polyhedral substituent. When the reaction was performed in a CH3CN/water mixture, the binuclear lead(II) complex [(Pb(bipy)NO3)(Pb(bipy)2NO3)(B10H9O(CH2)2O(CH2)2N3)]·CH3CN·H2O was isolated, where the boron cluster acts as a bridging ligand between lead atoms coordinated by the boron cage via the O atoms of the substituent and/or the BH groups. In the course of cobalt(II) complexation, the starting compound (Ph4P)2[B10H9O(CH2)5N3] was isolated and its structure was also determined by X-ray diffraction. Although a number of lead(II) complexes with coordinated N3 are known from the literature, no complexes with the boron cluster coordinated by the pendant N3 group involved in the metal coordination have been isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Yu. Matveev
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after M. V. Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo pr. 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (E.Y.M.); (O.S.D.); (K.Y.Z.)
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Olga S. Dontsova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after M. V. Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo pr. 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (E.Y.M.); (O.S.D.); (K.Y.Z.)
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Varvara V. Avdeeva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Alexey S. Kubasov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Andrey P. Zhdanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Svetlana E. Nikiforova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Goeva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Konstantin Yu. Zhizhin
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after M. V. Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo pr. 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (E.Y.M.); (O.S.D.); (K.Y.Z.)
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Elena A. Malinina
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
| | - Nikolay T. Kuznetsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.P.Z.); (S.E.N.); (L.V.G.); (E.A.M.); (N.T.K.)
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3
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Romano N, Hein NM, Basemann K, Seo Y, Gagné MR. Uniquely Enabling Mechanism for Bis-oxazoline Copper(II)-Catalyzed Azidation of Pyranosides and Furanosides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neyen Romano
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Hein
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kevin Basemann
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Youngran Seo
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Reinholdt A, Kwon S, Jafari MG, Gau MR, Caroll PJ, Lawrence C, Gu J, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. An Isolable Azide Adduct of Titanium(II) Follows Bifurcated Deazotation Pathways to an Imide. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:527-537. [PMID: 34963052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AdN3 (Ad = 1-adamantyl) reacts with the tetrahedral TiII complex [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] (TptBu,Me = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) to generate a mixture of an imide complex, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(NAd)] (4), and an unusual and kinetically stable azide adduct of the group 4 metal, namely, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(γ-N3Ad)] (3). In these conversions, the product distribution is determined by the relative concentration of reactants. In contrast, the azide adduct 3 forms selectively when a masked TiII complex (N2 or AdNC adduct) reacts with AdN3. Upon heating, 3 extrudes dinitrogen in a unimolecular process proceeding through a titanatriazete intermediate to form the imide complex 4, but the observed thermal stability of the azide adduct (t1/2 = 61 days at 25 °C) is at odds with the large fraction of imide complex formed directly in reactions between AdN3 and [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] at room temperature (∼50% imide with a 1:1 stoichiometry). A combination of theoretical and experimental studies identified an additional deazotation pathway, proceeding through a bimetallic complex bridged by a single azide ligand. The electronic origin of this deazotation mechanism lies in the ability of azide adduct 3 to serve as a π-backbonding metallaligand toward free [(TptBu,Me)TiCl]. These findings unveil a new class of azide-to-imide conversions for transition metals, highlighting that the mechanisms underlying this common synthetic methodology may be more complex than conventionally assumed, given the concentration dependence in the conversion of an azide into an imide complex. Lastly, we show how significantly different AdN3 reacts when treated with [(TptBu,Me)VCl].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Caroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chad Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Baek Y, Das A, Zheng SL, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Betley TA. C-H Amination Mediated by Cobalt Organoazide Adducts and the Corresponding Cobalt Nitrenoid Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11232-11243. [PMID: 32456423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of (ArL)CoBr (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin) with a stoichiometric amount of 1-azido-4-(tert-butyl)benzene N3(C6H4-p-tBu) furnished the corresponding four-coordinate organoazide-bound complex (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)). Spectroscopic and structural characterization of the complex indicated redox innocent ligation of the organoazide. Slow expulsion of dinitrogen (N2) was observed at room temperature to afford a ligand functionalized product via a [3 + 2] annulation, which can be mediated by a high-valent nitrene intermediate such as a CoIII iminyl (ArL)CoBr(•N(C6H4-p-tBu)) or CoIV imido (ArL)CoBr(N(C6H4-p-tBu)) complex. The presence of the proposed intermediate and its viability as a nitrene group transfer reagent are supported by intermolecular C-H amination and aziridination reactivities. Unlike (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)), a series of alkyl azide-bound CoII analogues expel N2 only above 60 °C, affording paramagnetic intermediates that convert to the corresponding Co-imine complexes via α-H-atom abstraction. The corresponding N2-released structures were observed via single-crystal-to-crystal transformation, suggesting formation of a Co-nitrenoid intermediate in solid-state. Alternatively, the alkyl azide-bound congeners supported by a more sterically accessible dipyrrinato scaffold tBuL (tBuL = 5-mesityl-(1,9-di-tert-butyl)dipyrrin) facilitate intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition as well as C-H amination to furnish 1,2,3-dihydrotriazole and substituted pyrrolidine products, respectively. For the C-H amination, we observe that the temperature required for azide activation varies depending on the presence of weak C-H bonds, suggesting that the alkyl azide adducts serve as viable species for C-H amination when the C-H bonds are (1) proximal to the azide moiety and (2) sufficiently weak to be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Joseph H Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Dash C, Wang G, Muñoz-Castro A, Ponduru TT, Zacharias AO, Yousufuddin M, Dias HVR. Organic Azide and Auxiliary-Ligand-Free Complexes of Coinage Metals Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2188-2199. [PMID: 31851494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic azide complexes of copper(I) and silver(I), [(SIPr)CuN(1-Ad)NN][SbF6], [(SIPr)CuN(2-Ad)NN][SbF6], [(SIPr)CuN(Cy)NN][SbF6], and [(SIPr)AgN(1-Ad)NN][SbF6] have been synthesized by using Ag[SbF6] and the corresponding organic azides with (SIPr)CuBr and (SIPr)AgCl (SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). The copper and silver organic azide complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. Group trends of isoleptic Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) organic azide complexes are presented on the basis of experimental data and a detailed computational study. The νasym(N3) values of the metal-bound 1-AdNNN in [(SIPr)MN(1-Ad)NN]+ follow the order Ag < Cu < Au. DFT calculations show that gold(I) forms the strongest bond with 1-AdNNN in this series, while silver has the weakest interaction. Furthermore, auxiliary ligand free coinage metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, [(SIPr)M][SbF6], have been synthesized via metathesis reactions of (SIPr)MCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au) with Ag[SbF6]. X-ray crystal structures of dinuclear [(SIPr)Ag]2[SbF6]2 and [(SIPr)Au]2[SbF6]2 are also reported. They show close metallophilic contacts. [(SIPr)Au]2[SbF6]2 reacts with OEt2, SMe2, and CNtBu to afford [(SIPr)Au(OEt2)][SbF6], [(SIPr)Au(SMe2)][SbF6], and [(SIPr)Au(CNtBu)][SbF6] adducts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Dash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria , Universidad Autonoma de Chile , El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Tharun T Ponduru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Adway O Zacharias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
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Uhl W, Martinewski K, Bruchhage JS, Hepp A, Layh M, Dielmann F, Mehlmann P. Cooperative activation of azides by an Al/N-based active Lewis pair – unexpected insertion of nitrogen atoms into C–Si bonds and formation of AlCN3 heterocycles. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The active Lewis pairs (ALPs) 2,6-Me2H8C5N–C(H) = C(SiMe3)–AlR2 (1a: R =
t
Bu, 1b, R =
i
Bu) have strained AlC2N heterocycles and relatively weak Al–N bonds. They react readily with a series of organic azides R′N3 [R′ = Ph, CH2C6H4(4-
t
Bu),
t
Bu, SiMe3, CH2Ph] by cleavage of the heterocycles and addition of the azides with their α-N atoms to the Al atom. The Al–N interactions result in an activation of the azide groups which insert into the C–Si bonds of the vinyl groups with their terminal γ-N atoms. Compounds with approximately planar five-membered AlCN3 heterocycles and intact N3 groups are formed in highly selective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Katja Martinewski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Julia Silissa Bruchhage
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Paul Mehlmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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Isbill SB, Chandrachud PP, Kern JL, Jenkins DM, Roy S. Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanism of C 2 + N 1 Aziridination from Tetracarbene Iron Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019; 9:6223-6233. [PMID: 31534826 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A combined computational and experimental study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of catalytic C2 + N1 aziridination supported by tetracarbene iron complexes. Three specific aspects of the catalytic cycle were addressed. First, how do organic azides react with different iron catalysts and why are alkyl azides ineffective for some catalysts? Computation of the catalytic pathway using density functional theory (DFT) revealed that an alkyl azide needs to overcome a higher activation barrier than an aryl azide to form an iron imide, and the activation barrier with the first-generation catalyst is higher than the activation barrier with the second-generation variant. Second, does the aziridination from the imide complex proceed through an open-chain radical intermediate that can change stereochemistry or, instead, via an azametallacyclobutane intermediate that retains stereochemistry? DFT calculations show that the formation of aziridine proceeds via the open-chain radical intermediate, which qualitatively explains the formation of both aziridine diastereomers as seen in experiments. Third, how can the formation of the side product, a metallotetrazene, be prevented, which would improve the yield of aziridine at lower alkene loading? DFT and experimental results demonstrate that sterically bulky organic azides prohibit formation of the metallotetrazene and, thus, allow lower alkene loading for effective catalysis. These multiple insights of different aspects of the catalytic cycle are critical for developing improved catalysts for C2 + N1 aziridination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Isbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Preeti P. Chandrachud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jesse L. Kern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sharani Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Albertin G, Antoniutti S, Castro J, Sibilla F. Reactions of Organic Azides with Half-sandwich Complexes of Iridium: Preparation of Mono- and Bis(imine) Derivatives. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Albertin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi DSMN; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Campus Scientifico; Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Stefano Antoniutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi DSMN; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Campus Scientifico; Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Jesús Castro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Facultade de Química; Universidade de Vigo; 36310 Vigo Galicia Spain
| | - Francesca Sibilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi DSMN; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Campus Scientifico; Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
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11
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Albertin G, Antoniutti S, Castro J, Ganz V, Sibilla F. Preparation and reactivity of half-sandwich organic azide complexes of osmium. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11658-11668. [PMID: 30095833 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic azide complexes [Os(η5-C5H5)(κ1-N3R)(PPh3){P(OR1)3}]BPh4 (1, 2) [R = CH2C6H5 (a), CH2C6H4-4-CH3 (b), CH(CH3)C6H5 (c), C6H5 (d); R1 = Me (1), Et (2)] were prepared by allowing bromo-compounds [OsBr(η5-C5H5)(PPh3){P(OR1)3}] to react first with AgOTf and then with an excess of azide in toluene. Benzylazide complexes reacted in solution leading to imine derivatives [Os(η5-C5H5){κ1-NH[double bond, length as m-dash]C(R2)Ar}(PPh3){P(OR1)3}]BPh4 (3, 4) [R2 = H (a, b), CH3 (c); Ar = C6H5, C6H4-4-CH3; R1 = Me (3), Et (4)]. Phenylazide, on the other hand, reacted in solution affording the dinuclear dinitrogen complex [{Os(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)[P(OMe)3]}2(μ-N2)](BPh4)2 (5). Depending on the nature of the R substituent, the reaction of the p-cymene complex [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PPh3){P(OEt)3}] with RN3 yielded imine [OsCl(η6-p-cymene){κ1-NH[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)Ar}{P(OEt)3}]BPh4 (6) (Ar = C6H4-4-CH3) and amine derivatives [OsCl(η6-p-cymene)(κ1-NH2C6H5){P(OEt)3}]BPh4 (7). The complexes were characterised spectroscopically (IR, 1H, 31P, 15N NMR) and by the X-ray crystal structure determination of [{Os(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)[P(OMe)3]}2(μ-N2)](BPh4)2 (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Albertin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
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12
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Manßen M, Weimer I, Adler C, Fischer M, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. From Organic Azides through Titanium Triazenido Complexes to Titanium Imides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Irina Weimer
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Christian Adler
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Malte Fischer
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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13
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Fauché K, Nauton L, Jouffret L, Cisnetti F, Gautier A. A catalytic intramolecular nitrene insertion into a copper(i)–N-heterocyclic carbene bond yielding fused nitrogen heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2402-2405. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a catalytic NHC–imido/nitrene cyclization allowing an easy access to diverse nitrogen-rich heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Fauché
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Lionel Nauton
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Laurent Jouffret
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Federico Cisnetti
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
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14
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Kumar J, Pratibha, Verma S. Crystallographic signatures of silver-purine frameworks with an azide functionality. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Grant LN, Carroll ME, Carroll PJ, Mindiola DJ. An Unusual Cobalt Azide Adduct That Produces a Nitrene Species for Carbon–Hydrogen Insertion Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7997-8002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maria E. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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16
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Harrold ND, Corcos AR, Hillhouse GL. Synthesis, structures, and catalytic reactivity of bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) supported diphenyldiazomethane and 1-azidoadamantane complexes of nickel. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Zhu L, Brassard CJ, Zhang X, Guha PM, Clark RJ. On the Mechanism of Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1501-17. [PMID: 27216993 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction regiospecifically produces 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole molecules. This heterocycle formation chemistry has high tolerance to reaction conditions and substrate structures. Therefore, it has been practiced not only within, but also far beyond the area of heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, the mechanistic understanding of CuAAC is summarized, with a particular emphasis on the significance of copper/azide interactions. Our analysis concludes that the formation of the azide/copper(I) acetylide complex in the early stage of the reaction dictates the reaction rate. The subsequent triazole ring-formation step is fast and consequently possibly kinetically invisible. Therefore, structures of substrates and copper catalysts, as well as other reaction variables that are conducive to the formation of the copper/alkyne/azide ternary complex predisposed for cycloaddition would result in highly efficient CuAAC reactions. Specifically, terminal alkynes with relatively low pKa values and an inclination to engage in π-backbonding with copper(I), azides with ancillary copper-binding ligands (aka chelating azides), and copper catalysts that resist aggregation, balance redox activity with Lewis acidity, and allow for dinuclear cooperative catalysis are favored in CuAAC reactions. Brief discussions on the mechanistic aspects of internal alkyne-involved CuAAC reactions are also included, based on the relatively limited data that are available at this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - Christopher J Brassard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - P M Guha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - Ronald J Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
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Bellow JA, Yousif M, Cabelof AC, Lord RL, Groysman S. Reactivity Modes of an Iron Bis(alkoxide) Complex with Aryl Azides: Catalytic Nitrene Coupling vs Formation of Iron(III) Imido Dimers. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bellow
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Maryam Yousif
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Alyssa C. Cabelof
- Department
of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department
of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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19
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Zhong W, Yan H, Li Y, Bregadze VI. Reactivity of Cp*M (M = Co, Rh, Ir) half-sandwich complexes containing a chelating 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1,2-dichalcogenolato ligand with organic azides. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Broere DLJ, de Bruin B, Reek JNH, Lutz M, Dechert S, van der Vlugt JI. Intramolecular Redox-Active Ligand-to-Substrate Single-Electron Transfer: Radical Reactivity with a Palladium(II) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11574-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniël L. J. Broere
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal
and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Park SH, Kwak J, Shin K, Ryu J, Park Y, Chang S. Mechanistic Studies of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Amination Reaction Using Azides as the Nitrogen Source. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2492-502. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hume Park
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kwak
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Shin
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyune Ryu
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Park
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Ibrahim H, Gibard C, Hesling C, Guillot R, Morel L, Gautier A, Cisnetti F. ‘Auto-click’ functionalization for diversified copper(i) and gold(i) NHCs. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6981-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A self-clicking precursor for diversified coinage metal NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Ibrahim
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clémentine Gibard
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Hesling
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- GReD
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Bât. 420
- Université Paris-Sud
- F-91405 ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- GReD
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS
| | - Federico Cisnetti
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Zhong W, Xie M, Li Y, Yan H. Investigation into the reactivity of 16-electron complexes Cp#Co(S2C2B10H10) (Cp# = Cp, Cp*) towards methyl diazoacetate and toluenesulphonyl azide. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-component reaction of the 16-electron half-sandwich complex Cp*Co(S2C2B10H10) (2) with both methyl diazoacetate (MDA) and toluenesulphonyl azide (TsN3) led to the formation of complexes 3 and 4, while a two-component reaction of complex 2 with MDA afforded products 5–7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering
| | - Mingshi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, China
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24
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Syntheses, Structures and Properties of Two Coordination Polymers Built Upon CopperI, II Halide Clusters and a New Thiodiazole Ligand. J CLUST SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-013-0684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Kosenko ID, Lobanova IA, Chekulaeva LA, Godovikov IA, Bregadze VI. Synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles based on cobalt bis(1,2-dicarbollide). Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Reactions of IrHCl2(PPh3)2{P(OEt)3} with Organic Azides: Formation of Aminophosphonium Salts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Dash C, Yousufuddin M, Cundari TR, Dias HVR. Gold-Mediated Expulsion of Dinitrogen from Organic Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15479-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Dash
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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28
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Pinter B, Urankar D, Pevec A, De Proft F, Košmrlj J. Platinum-Mediated Dinitrogen Liberation from 2-Picolyl Azide through a Putative Pt═N Double Bond Containing Intermediate. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4528-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302834e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Pinter
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member
of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Damijana Urankar
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Pevec
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member
of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Albertin G, Antoniutti S, Bonaldo L, Botter A, Castro J. Azo Complexes of Osmium(II): Preparation and Reactivity of Organic Azide and Hydrazine Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:2870-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302483e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Albertin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari
e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Stefano Antoniutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari
e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Laura Bonaldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari
e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari
e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Jesús Castro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Química,
Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, 36310 Vigo (Galicia), Spain
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30
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Wang D, Denux D, Ruiz J, Astruc D. The Clicked Pyridyl-Triazole Ligand: From Homogeneous to Robust, Recyclable Heterogeneous Mono- and Polymetallic Palladium Catalysts for Efficient Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Heck Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Harman WH, Lichterman MF, Piro NA, Chang CJ. Well-Defined Vanadium Organoazide Complexes and Their Conversion to Terminal Vanadium Imides: Structural Snapshots and Evidence for a Nitrene Capture Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10037-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301673g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Hill Harman
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Nicholas A. Piro
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Soltani B, Sadr MH, Engle JT, Ziegler CJ, Joo SW, Hanifehpour Y. Synthesis and structural characterization of three dinuclear Copper(II) complexes incorporating pyrazolyl-derived ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-012-9639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Takaoka A, Moret ME, Peters JC. A Ru(I) Metalloradical That Catalyzes Nitrene Coupling to Azoarenes from Arylazides. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6695-706. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takaoka
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California
91125, United States
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California
91125, United States
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California
91125, United States
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34
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Buckley BR, Heaney H. Mechanistic Investigations of Copper(I)-Catalysed Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition Reactions. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2011_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Travia NE, Xu Z, Keith JM, Ison EA, Fanwick PE, Hall MB, Abu-Omar MM. Observation of Inductive Effects That Cause a Change in the Rate-Determining Step for the Conversion of Rhenium Azides to Imido Complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10505-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2017853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Travia
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhenggang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Jason M. Keith
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Phillip E. Fanwick
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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36
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Kuang GC, Guha PM, Brotherton WS, Simmons JT, Stankee LA, Nguyen BT, Clark RJ, Zhu L. Experimental investigation on the mechanism of chelation-assisted, copper(II) acetate-accelerated azide-alkyne cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13984-4001. [PMID: 21809811 PMCID: PMC3164943 DOI: 10.1021/ja203733q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic model is formulated to account for the high reactivity of chelating azides (organic azides capable of chelation-assisted metal coordination at the alkylated azido nitrogen position) and copper(II) acetate (Cu(OAc)(2)) in copper(II)-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reactions. Fluorescence and (1)H NMR assays are developed for monitoring the reaction progress in two different solvents, methanol and acetonitrile. Solvent kinetic isotopic effect and premixing experiments give credence to the proposed different induction reactions for converting copper(II) to catalytic copper(I) species in methanol (methanol oxidation) and acetonitrile (alkyne oxidative homocoupling), respectively. The kinetic orders of individual components in a chelation-assisted, copper(II)-accelerated AAC reaction are determined in both methanol and acetonitrile. Key conclusions resulting from the kinetic studies include (1) the interaction between copper ion (either in +1 or +2 oxidation state) and a chelating azide occurs in a fast, pre-equilibrium step prior to the formation of the in-cycle copper(I)-acetylide, (2) alkyne deprotonation is involved in several kinetically significant steps, and (3) consistent with prior experimental and computational results by other groups, two copper centers are involved in the catalysis. The X-ray crystal structures of chelating azides with Cu(OAc)(2) suggest a mechanistic synergy between alkyne oxidative homocoupling and copper(II)-accelerated AAC reactions, in which both a bimetallic catalytic pathway and a base are involved. The different roles of the two copper centers (a Lewis acid to enhance the electrophilicity of the azido group and a two-electron reducing agent in oxidative metallacycle formation, respectively) in the proposed catalytic cycle suggest that a mixed valency (+2 and +1) dinuclear copper species be a highly efficient catalyst. This proposition is supported by the higher activity of the partially reduced Cu(OAc)(2) in mediating a 2-picolylazide-involved AAC reaction than the fully reduced Cu(OAc)(2). Finally, the discontinuous kinetic behavior that has been observed by us and others in copper(I/II)-mediated AAC reactions is explained by the likely catalyst disintegration during the course of a relatively slow reaction. Complementing the prior mechanistic conclusions drawn by other investigators, which primarily focus on the copper(I)/alkyne interactions, we emphasize the kinetic significance of copper(I/II)/azide interaction. This work not only provides a mechanism accounting for the fast Cu(OAc)(2)-mediated AAC reactions involving chelating azides, which has apparent practical implications, but suggests the significance of mixed-valency dinuclear copper species in catalytic reactions where two copper centers carry different functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Chao Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Pampa M. Guha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Wendy S. Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - J. Tyler Simmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Lisa A. Stankee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Brian T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Ronald J. Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
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37
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Iluc VM, Miller AJM, Anderson JS, Monreal MJ, Mehn MP, Hillhouse GL. Synthesis and characterization of three-coordinate Ni(III)-imide complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13055-63. [PMID: 21797224 PMCID: PMC3192028 DOI: 10.1021/ja2024993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new family of low-coordinate nickel imides supported by 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane was synthesized. Oxidation of nickel(II) complexes led to the formation of both aryl- and alkyl-substituted nickel(III)-imides, and examples of both types have been isolated and fully characterized. The aryl substituent that proved most useful in stabilizing the Ni(III)-imide moiety was the bulky 2,6-dimesitylphenyl. The two Ni(III)-imide compounds showed different variable-temperature magnetic properties but analogous EPR spectra at low temperatures. To account for this discrepancy, a low-spin/high-spin equilibrium was proposed to take place for the alkyl-substituted Ni(III)-imide complex. This proposal was supported by DFT calculations. DFT calculations also indicated that the unpaired electron is mostly localized on the imide nitrogen for the Ni(III) complexes. The results of reactions carried out in the presence of hydrogen donors supported the findings from DFT calculations that the adamantyl substituent was a significantly more reactive hydrogen-atom abstractor. Interestingly, the steric properties of the 2,6-dimesitylphenyl substituent are important not only in protecting the Ni═N core but also in favoring one rotamer of the resulting Ni(III)-imide, by locking the phenyl ring in a perpendicular orientation with respect to the NiPP plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad M. Iluc
- Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - John S. Anderson
- Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Marisa J. Monreal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Mark P. Mehn
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Gregory L. Hillhouse
- Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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38
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Assis AC, Couto N, Duarte MF, Rodrigues P, Barros MT, Costa ML, Cabral BJC, Fernandez MT. Azidoacetone as a complexing agent of transition metals Ni2+/Co2+ promoted dissociation of the C-C bond in azidoacetone. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:696-704. [PMID: 21706676 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of metal interactions with azides has led us to the study of the complexation of some transition metals, nickel and cobalt, by azidoacetone by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Complexes were obtained from solutions of NiCl(2) and CoCl(2) , in methanol/water. Nickel was electrosprayed with other counter ion, bromide (Br), as well as other solvent (ethanol/water). For nickel and cobalt, the complexes detected were single positively charged, with various stoichiometries, some resulted from the fragmentation of the ligand, the loss of N(2) being quite common. The most abundant species were [Ni(II)Az(2)X](+) where X = Cl, Br and Az = azidoacetone. Some of the complexes showed solvation with the solvent components. Metal reduction was observed in complexes where a radical was lost, resulting from the homolytic cleavage of a metal coordination bond. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) analysis were not absolutely conclusive about the coordination site. However, terminal ions of the fragmentation routes were explained by a gas-phase mechanism proposed where a C-C bond was activated and the metal inserted subsequently. Density functional theory calculations provided structures for some complexes. In [Ni(II)Az(2)X](+) species, one azidoacetone ligand is monodentate and the dominant binding location is the alkylated nitrogen and not the carbonyl group. The other azidoacetone ligand is bidentate showing coordination through alkylated nitrogen and the carbonyl group. These are also the preferential binding sites for the most stable isomer of [Ni(II)AzX](+) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Assis
- CQB, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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39
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Bogdan AR, James K. Efficient access to new chemical space through flow--construction of druglike macrocycles through copper-surface-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Chemistry 2011; 16:14506-12. [PMID: 21038332 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of 12- to 22-membered macrocycles, with druglike functionality and properties, have been generated by using a simple and efficient copper-catalyzed azide-acetylene cycloaddition reaction, conducted in flow in high-temperature copper tubing, under environmentally friendly conditions. The triazole-containing macrocycles have been generated in up to 90 % yield in a 5 min reaction, without resorting to the high-dilution conditions typical of macrocyclization reactions. This approach represents a very efficient method for constructing this important class of molecules, in terms of yield, concentration, and environmental considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Bogdan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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40
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Brotherton WS, Guha PM, Phan H, Clark RJ, Shatruk M, Zhu L. Tridentate complexes of 2,6-bis(4-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine and its organic azide precursors: an application of the copper(II) acetate-accelerated azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:3655-65. [PMID: 21384008 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid coupling reactions between 2,6-bis(azidomethyl)pyridine and terminal alkynes in the presence of 5 mol% Cu(OAc)(2)·H(2)O without the addition of a reducing agent afford tridentate ligands for first-row transition-metal ions. The chelation between Cu(II) and alkylated nitrogen atoms of the azido groups of 2,6-bis(azidomethyl)pyridine, as observed in the solid state, is credited for the acceleration of the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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41
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Kuang GC, Michaels HA, Simmons JT, Clark RJ, Zhu L. Chelation-assisted, copper(II)-acetate-accelerated azide-alkyne cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2011; 75:6540-8. [PMID: 20806948 DOI: 10.1021/jo101305m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We described in a previous communication a variant of the popular Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) process where 5 mol % of Cu(OAc)(2) in the absence of any added reducing agent is sufficient to enable the reaction. 2-Picolylazide (1) and 2-azidomethylquinoline (2) were found to be by far the most reactive carbon azide substrates that convert to 1,2,3-triazoles in as short as a few minutes under the discovered conditions. We hypothesized that the abilities of 1 and 2 to chelate Cu(II) contribute significantly to the observed high reaction rates. The current work examines the effect of auxiliary ligands near the azido group other than pyridyl for Cu(II) on the efficiency of the Cu(OAc)(2)-accelerated AAC reaction. The carbon azides capable of binding to the catalytic copper center at the alkylated azido nitrogen in a chelatable fashion were indeed shown to be superior substrates under the reported conditions. The chelation between carbon azide 11 and Cu(II) was demonstrated in an X-ray single-crystal structure. In a limited set of examples, the ligand tris(benzyltriazolylmethyl)amine (TBTA), developed by Fokin et al. for assisting the original Cu(I)-catalyzed AAC reactions, also dramatically enhances the Cu(OAc)(2)-accelerated AAC reactions involving nonchelating azides. This observation leads to the hypothesis of an additional effect of chelating azides on the efficiencies of Cu(OAc)(2)-accelerated AAC reactions, which is to facilitate the rapid reduction of Cu(II) to highly catalytic Cu(I) species. Mechanistic studies on the AAC reactions with particular emphasis on the role of carbon azide/copper interactions will be conducted based on the observations reported in this work. Finally, the immediate utility of the product 1,2,3-triazole molecules derived from chelating azides as multidentate metal coordination ligands is demonstrated. The resulting triazolyl-containing ligands are expected to bind with transition metal ions via the N(2) nitrogen of the 1,2,3-triazolyl group to form nonplanar coordination rings. The Cu(II) complexes of bidentate T1 and tetradentate T6 and the Zn(II) complex of T6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structure of [Cu(T1)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2) reveals the interesting synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking interactions, and metal coordination in forming a one-dimensional supramolecular construct in the solid state. The tetradentate coordination mode of T6 may be incorporated into designs of new molecule sensors and organometallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Chao Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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42
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Cowley RE, DeYonker NJ, Eckert NA, Cundari TR, DeBeer S, Bill E, Ottenwaelder X, Flaschenriem C, Holland PL. Three-coordinate terminal imidoiron(III) complexes: structure, spectroscopy, and mechanism of formation. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6172-87. [PMID: 20524625 DOI: 10.1021/ic100846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 1-adamantyl azide with iron(I) diketiminate precursors gives metastable but isolable imidoiron(III) complexes LFe=NAd (L = bulky beta-diketiminate ligand; Ad = 1-adamantyl). This paper addresses (1) the spectroscopic and structural characterization of the Fe=N multiple bond in these interesting three-coordinate iron imido complexes, and (2) the mechanism through which the imido complexes form. The iron(III) imido complexes have been examined by (1)H NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (SQUID), and structurally characterized by crystallography and/or extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. These data show that the imido complexes have quartet ground states and short (1.68 +/- 0.01 A) iron-nitrogen bonds. The formation of the imido complexes proceeds through unobserved iron-N(3)R intermediates, which are indicated by QM/MM computations to be best described as iron(II) with an N(3)R radical anion. The radical character on the organoazide bends its NNN linkage to enable easy N(2) loss and imido complex formation. The product distribution between imidoiron(III) products and hexazene-bridged diiron(II) products is solvent-dependent, and the solvent dependence can be explained by coordination of certain solvents to the iron(I) precursor prior to interaction with the organoazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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43
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Chiba S, Zhang L, Ang GY, Hui BWQ. Generation of iminyl copper species from alpha-azido carbonyl compounds and their catalytic C-C bond cleavage under an oxygen atmosphere. Org Lett 2010; 12:2052-5. [PMID: 20337491 DOI: 10.1021/ol100522z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed reaction of alpha-azidocarbonyl compounds under an oxygen atmosphere is reported where nitriles are formed via C-C bond cleavage of a transient iminyl copper intermediate. The transformation is carried out by a sequence of denitrogenative formation of iminyl copper species from alpha-azidocarbonyl compounds and their C-C bond cleavage, where molecular oxygen (1 atm) is a prerequisite to achieve the catalytic process and one of the oxygen atoms of O(2) was found to be incorporated into the beta-carbon fragment as a carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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44
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Urankar D, Steinbücher M, Kosjek J, Košmrlj J. N-(Propargyl)diazenecarboxamides for ‘click’ conjugation and their 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with azidoalkylamines in the presence of Cu(II). Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Mankad NP, Müller P, Peters JC. Catalytic N−N Coupling of Aryl Azides To Yield Azoarenes via Trigonal Bipyramid Iron−Nitrene Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4083-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910224c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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46
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Fuchs M, Goessler W, Pilger C, Kappe CO. Mechanistic Insights into Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions using Continuous Flow Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Boisselier E, Diallo AK, Salmon L, Ornelas C, Ruiz J, Astruc D. Encapsulation and Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles with “Click” Polyethyleneglycol Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2729-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ja909133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Boisselier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS No 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Abdou K. Diallo
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS No 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Lionel Salmon
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS No 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Cátia Ornelas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS No 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS No 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS No 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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48
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Preparation of imine complexes of ruthenium and osmium stabilised by [MCl(η 6-p-cymene)(PR3)]+ fragments. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Brotherton WS, Michaels HA, Simmons JT, Clark RJ, Dalal NS, Zhu L. Apparent copper(II)-accelerated azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Org Lett 2009; 11:4954-7. [PMID: 19810690 DOI: 10.1021/ol9021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cu(II) salts accelerate azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions in alcoholic solvents without reductants such as sodium ascorbate. Spectroscopic observations suggest that Cu(II) undergoes reduction to catalytic Cu(I) species via either alcohol oxidation or alkyne homocoupling, or both, during an induction period. The reactions involving 2-picolylazide are likely facilitated by its chelation to Cu(II). The highly exothermic reaction between 2-picolylazide and propargyl alcohol completes within 1-2 min in the presence of as low as 1 mol % Cu(OAc)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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50
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Tu X, Boroson E, Truong H, Muñoz-Castro A, Arratia-Pérez R, Nichol GS, Zheng Z. Cluster-Bound Nitriles Do Not Click with Organic Azides: Unexpected Formation of Imino Complexes of the [Re6(μ3-Se)8]2+ Core-Containing Clusters. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:380-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902251z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Ethan Boroson
- Catalina Foothills High School, Tucson, Arizona 85718
| | - Huong Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gary, S. Nichol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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