1
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Konofal E. From past to future: 50 years of pharmacological interventions to treat narcolepsy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024:173804. [PMID: 38852786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The history of narcolepsy research began with the pioneering work of Jean-Baptiste-Édouard Gélineau in the late 19th century. In the 1880s, Gélineau introduced the term "narcolepsy" to describe a condition characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep. His clinical descriptions laid the foundation for our understanding of this complex disorder. Over the last half-century, the pharmacological landscape for narcolepsy treatment has evolved remarkably, shifting from merely managing symptoms to increasingly targeting its underlying pathophysiology. By the 1930s, treatments such as ephedrine and amphetamine were introduced to alleviate excessive daytime sleepiness, marking significant advancements in narcolepsy management. These stimulants provided temporary relief, helping patients maintain wakefulness during the day. As research progressed, the focus shifted towards understanding the disorder's underlying mechanisms. The discovery of orexin (also known as hypocretin) in the late 1990s revolutionized the field. This breakthrough underscored the importance of orexin in regulating sleep-wake cycles and provided new targets for pharmacological intervention. Looking ahead, the future of narcolepsy pharmacotherapy is poised for further innovation. The ongoing exploration of orexin receptor agonists and the potential development of neuroprotective therapeutic targets underscore a promising horizon. Emerging research into the genetic and immunological underpinnings of narcolepsy opens new avenues for personalized medicine approaches and the identification of biomarkers for more precise treatment strategies. Additionally, the refinement of existing treatments through improved delivery systems and the investigation of combination therapies offer opportunities for enhanced efficacy and improved quality of life for patients with narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Konofal
- Centre Pédiatrique des Pathologies du Sommeil, APHP Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, Paris 75019, France.
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2
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Ulahannan R, Kannan V, Vidya V, Sreekumar K. Synthesis and DFT studies of the structure - NLO activity evaluation of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,5-triphenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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A practical metal-free route to 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles derivatives from the annulation of amidines and β-keto esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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4
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Nikolic K, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Stark H. Procognitive properties of drugs with single and multitargeting H3 receptor antagonist activities. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:613-23. [PMID: 24836924 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3 R) is an important modulator of numerous central control mechanisms. Novel lead optimizations for H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists involved studies of structure-activity relationships, cross-affinities, and pharmacokinetic properties of promising ligands. Blockade of inhibitory histamine H3 autoreceptors reinforces histaminergic transmission, while antagonism of H3 heteroreceptors accelerates the corticolimbic liberation of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The H3 R positioned at numerous neurotransmission crossroads indicates therapeutic applications of small-molecule H3 R modulators in a number of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases with various clinical candidates available. Dual target drugs displaying H3 R antagonism/inverse agonism with inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT), or serotonin transporter (SERT) are novel class of procognitive agents. Main chemical diversities, pharmacophores, and pharmacological profiles of procognitive agents acting as H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists and dual H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists with inhibiting activity on AChE, HMT, or SERT are highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Nikolic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Receptor-specific functional efficacies of alkyl imidazoles as dual histamine H3/H4 receptor ligands. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654:200-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Berlin M, Boyce CW, de Lera Ruiz M. Histamine H3 Receptor as a Drug Discovery Target. J Med Chem 2010; 54:26-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berlin
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Christopher W. Boyce
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Manuel de Lera Ruiz
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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7
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Cole DC, Gross JL, Comery TA, Aschmies S, Hirst WD, Kelley C, Kim JI, Kubek K, Ning X, Platt BJ, Robichaud AJ, Solvibile WR, Stock JR, Tawa G, Williams MJ, Ellingboe JW. Benzimidazole- and indole-substituted 1,3′-bipyrrolidine benzamides as histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1237-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Sander K, Kottke T, Stark H. Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists Go to Clinics. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2163-81. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Tim Kottke
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Holger Stark
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
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9
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10
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Cowart M, Faghih R, Curtis MP, Gfesser GA, Bennani YL, Black LA, Pan L, Marsh KC, Sullivan JP, Esbenshade TA, Fox GB, Hancock AA. 4-(2-[2-(2(R)-Methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile and Related 2-Aminoethylbenzofuran H3 Receptor Antagonists Potently Enhance Cognition and Attention. J Med Chem 2004; 48:38-55. [PMID: 15634000 DOI: 10.1021/jm040118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
H(3) receptor antagonists based on a 2-aminoethylbenzofuran skeleton have been discovered, which are potent in vitro at human and rat H(3) receptors, with K(i) values of 0.1-5.8 nM. Analogues were discovered with potent (0.01-1 mg/kg) cognition and attention enhancing properties in animal models. One compound in particular, 4-(2-[2-(2(R)-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile (ABT-239), combined potent and selective H(3) receptor antagonism and excellent pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties across species, with full efficacy in two behavioral models: a five-trial inhibitory avoidance acquisition model in rat pups at 0.1 mg/kg and a social recognition memory model in adult rats at 0.01 mg/kg. Furthermore, this compound did not stimulate locomotor activity and showed high selectivity for the induction of behavioral efficacy versus central nervous system based side effects. The potency and selectivity of this compound and of analogues from this class support the potential of H(3) receptor antagonists for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Cowart
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123, USA.
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11
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Lippert U, Artuc M, Grützkau A, Babina M, Guhl S, Haase I, Blaschke V, Zachmann K, Knosalla M, Middel P, Krüger-Krasagakis S, Henz BM. Human skin mast cells express H2 and H4, but not H3 receptors. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123:116-23. [PMID: 15191551 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells generate and release histamine during anaphylactic reactions, and there is pharmacological evidence that histamine regulates this process via specific receptors. Therefore, we examined human leukemic (HMC-1) and normal skin mast cells for the expression of all four currently known histamine receptors. Both cell types expressed H2 and H4 receptors at mRNA and protein levels, whereas H3 receptor specific mRNA and receptor protein was undetectable. Similarly, immunohistochemistry of cutaneous tissue showed an absence of H3 receptor in these cells. Despite transcription of mRNA, H1 receptor protein was only moderately expressed in HMC-1 cells and was virtually absent in skin mast cells. Furthermore, only H1, H2, and H4 receptors were detectable by Western blot analysis of HMC-1 cells. Radiolabeled histamine binding was strongly inhibited only by H2 (ranitidine)- and H3/H4 (FUB 108)-specific antagonists. Histamine-induced increase of cAMP was inhibited by the H2 receptor antagonist famotidine, whereas induction of IP3 was not observed, making signaling via the H1 receptor unlikely. These data show that human mast cells constitutively express primarily H2 and H4 receptors and that H2 receptors are functionally linked to cellular processes. They provide new insights into the mechanisms that govern auto- and paracrine histamine-induced mast cell functions.
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MESH Headings
- Binding, Competitive
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Mast Cells/cytology
- Mast Cells/physiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Receptors, Histamine/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H4
- Skin/cytology
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- Undine Lippert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Göttingen, Germany.
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12
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Meier G, Krause M, Hüls A, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Arrang JM, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. 4-(omega-(alkyloxy)alkyl)-1H-imidazole derivatives as histamine H(3) receptor antagonists/agonists. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2678-87. [PMID: 15115409 DOI: 10.1021/jm031065q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new histamine H(3) receptor antagonists usable as pharmacological tools we present here novel unsymmetrical ether derivatives. Etherification of different omega-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)alkyl scaffolds led to compounds containing alkyl chains of increasing lengths either with or without unsaturated termini, cycloalkyl or arylalkyl moieties, or additional heteroatoms. When investigated in an in vitro assay on rat synaptosomes, the majority of compounds displayed potencies in the low nanomolar concentration range at the H(3) receptor, e.g., 4-(3-(3-cyclopentylpropyloxy)propyl)-1H-imidazole (27, K(i) = 7 nM). FUB 465, 4-(3-(ethoxy)propyl)-1H-imidazole (14), a useful tool for the characterization of constitutive activity of H(3) receptors in vivo in rodents, proved to be of high oral in vivo potency in mice (ED(50) = 0.26 mg/kg). Further, the influence of chosen compounds on specific [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding was assayed on HEK293 cell membranes expressing the human histamine H(3) receptor revealing partial agonism of the compounds in this particular model. These distinct responses are further hints for "protean agonism" in this class of compounds. Additionally, selected compounds were functionally investigated in vitro on isolated organs of the guinea-pig at H(3), H(1), and H(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Blandina P, Efoudebe M, Cenni G, Mannaioni P, Passani MB. Acetylcholine, Histamine, and Cognition: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Learn Mem 2004; 11:1-8. [PMID: 14747511 DOI: 10.1101/lm.68004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Blandina
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, Universitá di Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
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14
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Grassmann S, Apelt J, Sippl W, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Zhao YH, Arrang JM, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Imidazole derivatives as a novel class of hybrid compounds with inhibitory histamine N-methyltransferase potencies and histamine hH3 receptor affinities. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2163-74. [PMID: 12713826 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel series of imidazole-containing compounds with dual properties, that is, inhibitory potency at the enzyme histamine N(tau)-methyltransferase (HMT) and antagonist potency at histamine H(3) receptors was designed and synthesized. Pharmacologically, these new hybrid drugs were evaluated in functional assays for their inhibitory potencies at rat kidney HMT and for their antagonist activities on synaptosomes of rat cerebral cortex. For selected compounds, binding affinities at recombinant human histamine H(3) receptors were determined. The first compounds (1-10) of the series proved to be H(3) receptor ligands of high potency at rat synaptosomes or of high binding affinity at human H(3) receptors, respectively, but of only moderate activity as inhibitors of rat kidney HMT. In contrast, aminoquinoline- or tetrahydroacridine-containing derivatives 11-17 also displayed HMT inhibitory potency in the nanomolar concentration range. Preliminary data from molecular modeling investigations showed that the imidazole derivative 15 and the HMT inhibitor quinacrine possess identical binding areas. The most interesting compound (14) is simultaneously a highly potent H(3) receptor ligand (K(i)=4.1nM) and a highly potent HMT inhibitor (IC(50)=24nM), which makes this derivative a valuable pharmacological tool for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Grassmann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Stark H, Arrang JM, Ligneau X, Garbarg M, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. The histamine H3 receptor and its ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:279-308. [PMID: 11774797 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Stark
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Schwartz JC, Morisset S, Rouleau A, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Gbahou F, Ligneau X, Héron A, Sasse A, Stark H, Schunack W, Ganellin RC, Arrang JM. Application of genomics to drug design: the example of the histamine H3 receptor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 11:441-8. [PMID: 11704421 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-977x(01)00121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H(3) receptor was characterized in the 1980s as an autoreceptor regulating histamine release in brain. Since then, selective drugs have been designed, many of them displaying a high potency in vivo, and used in many studies to delineate the implications of cerebral histaminergic systems in physiological functions such as arousal or cognitive functions. The recent cloning of the H(3) receptor, more than 15 years later, has allowed to start molecular studies that led to important findings for optimization of drug design. In agreement some ligands display distinct affinities for the recombinant rat and human H(3) receptors, a difference that we assign to two amino acids in the third transmembrane domain. In addition, H(3) autoreceptors present in the brain display high constitutive activity including in vivo. As a consequence, inverse agonists enhance histamine neuron activity and constitute a novel potential therapeutic approach to schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Schwartz
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U.109) INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter Rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France.
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17
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Meier G, Apelt J, Reichert U, Grassmann S, Ligneau X, Elz S, Leurquin F, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Influence of imidazole replacement in different structural classes of histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 13:249-59. [PMID: 11384847 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(01)00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reference compounds for histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists carry as a common feature an imidazole moiety substituted in the 4-position. Very recently novel ligands lacking an imidazole ring have been described possessing a N-containing non-aromatic heterocycle instead. In this study we investigated whether imidazole replacement, favourably by a piperidine moiety, is generally applicable to different structural classes of reference compounds, e.g., thioperamide, carboperamide, clobenpropit, FUB 181, ciproxifan, etc. While replacement led to a loss of affinity for many of the compounds, it was successfully applied to some ether derivatives. The piperidine analogues of FUB 181 and ciproxifan, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl 3-piperidinopropyl ether hydrogen oxalate (6) and cyclopropyl 4-(3-piperidinopropyloxy)phenyl methanone hydrogen maleate (7), almost maintained in vitro affinities, pK(i) values of 7.8 and 8.4, respectively, and showed high potency in vivo after p.o. administration (ED(50) values of 1.6 and 0.18 mg/kg, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Stark H, Sippl W, Ligneau X, Arrang JM, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. Different antagonist binding properties of human and rat histamine H3 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:951-4. [PMID: 11294398 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Different histamine H3-receptor antagonists have been tested in displacement studies at human and rat H3 receptors in stably transfected cells. Based on an actual rhodopsin structure, models for receptor antagonist interaction were developed for receptors of both species. Similarities and discrepancies in binding profiles can be explained, but not quantified by hydrophilic interactions with Asp114 and an important lipophilic binding pocket modified by two nearby amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stark
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Sasse A, Ligneau X, Sadek B, Elz S, Pertz HH, Ganellin CR, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Benzophenone derivatives and related compounds as potent histamine H3-receptor antagonists and potential PET/SPECT ligands. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2001; 334:45-52. [PMID: 11268774 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200102)334:2<45::aid-ardp45>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Para-substituted aromatic ethers with benzophenone or related structural elements and a 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyloxy moiety were prepared by Mitsunobu-type ether synthesis or SNAr reaction. Most of the title compounds possess high antagonist potency in histamine H3-receptor assays in vitro as well as in vivo in mouse CNS following oral administration. After defining 4-(3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyloxy)phenyl phenyl methanone as a new lead, structure-activity relationships were investigated for this new class of compounds. Substitution of the meta'-position of the benzophenone moiety with halogen atoms (e.g., iodine, fluorine) led to compounds with high antagonist potency in vitro as well as in vivo (Ki = 9.3 and 4.3 nM, ED50 = 0.7 and 0.47 mg/kg p.o., 18 and 12, respectively). A receptor profile of several functional in vitro assays for several biogenic amine receptors for the meta'-iodinated derivative demonstrated high selectivity toward the histamine H3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sasse
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Ligneau X, Morisset S, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Gbahou F, Ganellin CR, Stark H, Schunack W, Schwartz JC, Arrang JM. Distinct pharmacology of rat and human histamine H(3) receptors: role of two amino acids in the third transmembrane domain. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 131:1247-50. [PMID: 11090094 PMCID: PMC1572469 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the sequence of the human histamine H(3) receptor (hH(3)R) cDNA, we have cloned the corresponding rat cDNA. Whereas the two deduced proteins show 93.5% overall homology and differ only by five amino acid residues at the level of the transmembrane domains (TMs), some ligands displayed distinct affinities. Thioperamide and ciproxifan were about 10 fold more potent at the rat than at the human receptor, whereas FUB 349 displayed a reverse preference. Histamine, (R)alpha-methylhistamine, proxyfan or clobenpropit were nearly equipotent at H(3) receptors of both species. The inverse discrimination patterns of ciproxifan and FUB 349 were partially changed by mutation of one amino acid (V122A), and fully abolished by mutation of two amino acids (A119T and V122A), in TM3 of the rH(3)R located in the vicinity of Asp(114) purported to salt-link the ammonium group of histamine. Therefore, these two residues appear to be responsible for the distinct pharmacology of the H(3)R in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ligneau
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U.109) de l'INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
- Bioprojet, 30 rue des Francs Bourgeois, 75003 Paris, France
| | - S Morisset
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U.109) de l'INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - J Tardivel-Lacombe
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U.109) de l'INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - F Gbahou
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U.109) de l'INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - C R Ganellin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ
| | - H Stark
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Schunack
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J -C Schwartz
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U.109) de l'INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - J -M Arrang
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U.109) de l'INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
- Author for correspondence:
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21
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Sasse A, Sadek B, Ligneau X, Elz S, Pertz HH, Luger P, Ganellin CR, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. New histamine H(3)-receptor ligands of the proxifan series: imoproxifan and other selective antagonists with high oral in vivo potency. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3335-43. [PMID: 10966752 DOI: 10.1021/jm000971p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists of the proxifan series are described. The novel compounds possess a 4-(3-(phenoxy)propyl)-1H-imidazole structure and various functional groups, e.g., an oxime moiety, on the phenyl ring. Synthesis of the novel compounds and X-ray crystallography of one highly potent oxime derivative, named imoproxifan (4-(3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyloxy)phenylethanone oxime), are described. Most of the title compounds possess high antagonist potency in histamine H(3)-receptor assays in vitro as well as in vivo in mouse CNS following po administration. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Imoproxifan displays subnanomolar potency on a functional assay on synaptosomes of rat cerebral cortex (K(i) = 0.26 nM). In vivo, imoproxifan increases the central N(tau)-methylhistamine level with an ED(50) of 0.034 mg/kg po. A receptor profile on several functional in vitro assays was determined for imoproxifan, demonstrating high selectivity toward the histamine H(3) receptor for this promising candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sasse
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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