The analysis of S100A9 and S100A8 expression in matched sets of macroscopically normal colon mucosa and colorectal carcinoma: the S100A9 and S100A8 positive cells underlie and invade tumor mass

S100A8+ stroma cells predict a good prognosis and inhibit aggressiveness in colorectal carcinoma

Gene microarray and bioinformatic analysis showed that S100A8 was more abundant in the stroma surrounding tumor buddings (TBs) than in the stroma surrounding primary tumor cells in colorectal carcinomas. Here, S100A8⁺ cells in 419 colorectal carcinoma samples were stained by immunohistochemistry and counted using Image-pro plus 6.0. TBs were also counted and biomarkers associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the association between S100A8⁺ cells and clinico-pathological variables as well as survival. Migration and invasion as well as biomarkers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis were tested in CRC cells, treated with graded concentrations of recombinant human S100A8 protein. We found that the density of S100A8⁺ cells in the tumor invasive front (S100A8⁺_TIF) clearly distinguished patients with 5-y survival from those who did not survive (p = 0.01). The S100A8⁺-associated tumor budding (SATB) index determined by the S100A8⁺_TIF and TB was an independent predictor of overall survival (p = 0.001) other than the S100A8⁺_TIF or TB alone. Migration and invasion properties of CRC cells were inhibited by recombinant human S100A8 treatment. The particular S100A8⁺ cells in the stroma were associated with important biomarkers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (E-cadherin and SNAIL) and apoptosis (BCL2). In conclusion, S100A8⁺ cells in the stroma predict a good prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. An index combining S100A8⁺ cells and TB independently predicts survival. Recombinant human S100A8 inhibited CRC cell migration and invasion, which was involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (E-cadherin and SNAIL) and apoptosis (BCL2).

Correlation between hARD1 expression and tumor differentiation in human colorectal carcinoma

AIM: To examine the expression of human arrest defective 1 (hARD1) in human colorectal carcinoma and to analyze its relationship with tumor differentiation.

METHODS: A total of 98 colorectal carcinoma samples (including 30 cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 27 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 31 cases of lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 10 cases of mucous adenoma) were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming medical College and used in this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect hARD1 expression in the above tissue samples.

RESULTS: hARD1 was highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma (78.57%), moderately or lowly in adenoma (33.33%), and hardly found in normal colorectal tissue (0%). hARD1 expression was significantly higher in well differentiated adenocarcinoma than in moderately and lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma than in lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), and in adenocarcinoma than in mucous adenoma (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSION: hARD1 expression was high in colorectal carcinoma, and differential expression of hARD1 was detected among colorectal carcinoma, adenoma and normal colorectal tissue. hARD1 expression was related to tumor differentiation in colorectal adenocarcinoma.