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Tinca AC, Raicea A, Szőke AR, Cocuz IG, Şincu MC, Niculescu R, Sabău AH, Popelea MC, Fruntelată RF, Cotoi OS. Morphological aspects and therapeutic options in melanoma: a narrative review of the past decade. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2023; 64:135-141. [PMID: 37518869 PMCID: PMC10520381 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.64.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant cancer of the skin, the incidence of which has been increasing year by year. This neoplasm has high aggressivity as well as the potential for invasion and metastases. Multiple factors related to the proliferation of this type of tumor have been identified, such as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and specific genetic backgrounds. From a histological and cytological point of view, the most common cells that are found in melanoma are epithelioid or spindle cells. To confirm the diagnosis and the melanocytic origin of the tumor, specific and sensitive markers are used. Also, observation of the behavior of this cancer, including its proliferative properties, has led to the development of multiple therapies, each of which is characteristic of the pathological stage at the time of diagnosis. While surgery is the most important therapeutic and curative option in cases of melanoma in situ, chemotherapy has been the main treatment for advanced stages of melanoma for many years. However, recently, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have changed the approach to treatment. At present, multiple studies are attempting to obtain further data about the tumor microenvironment and investigating how targeting particular molecules can change the prognosis of patients.
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Gu Q, Zou J, Zhou Y, Deng Q. Mechanism of inflammasomes in cancer and targeted therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1133013. [PMID: 37020871 PMCID: PMC10067570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1133013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes, composed of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are immune-functional protein multimers that are closely linked to the host defense mechanism. When NLRs sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), they assemble into inflammasomes. Inflammasomes can activate various inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and produce a large number of proinflammatory cytokines, which are closely associated with multiple cancers. They can also accelerate the occurrence and development of cancer by providing suitable tumor microenvironments, promoting tumor cell proliferation, and inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, the exploitation of novel targeted drugs against various inflammasomes and proinflammatory cytokines is a new idea for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, more than 50 natural extracts and synthetic small molecule targeted drugs have been reported to be in the research stage or have been applied to the clinic. Herein, we will overview the mechanisms of inflammasomes in common cancers and discuss the therapeutic prospects of natural extracts and synthetic targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazhen Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated 5 Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuchan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuchan Deng,
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Li X, Chen J, Chen YJ, Qiao YD, Zhao LY, Jiang N, Wu XY, Xing YF. Dexamethasone and lactoferrin induced PMN-MDSCs relieved inflammatory adverse events of anti-cancer therapy without tumor promotion. Commun Biol 2021; 4:252. [PMID: 33637832 PMCID: PMC7910613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, inflammatory adverse events of anti-cancer therapies continue to pose a major challenge. Glucocorticoids, as the mainstay, were limited by serious side effects. Glucocorticoids induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and lactoferrin-induced polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) were shown to relieve inflammatory conditions. Combined treatment with dexamethasone (DXM) and lactoferrin increased the generation of PMN-MDSCs in vitro (DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs) compared to DXM or lactoferrin treatment alone. DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs were distinct from tumor PMN-MDSCs in vivo with regard to gene expression profiles. DXM upregulated the myeloid cell response to lactoferrin by inducing the lactoferrin receptor Lrp1. DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs presented anti-bacterial capability, increased PGE2 production, increased survival capability, and decreased tumor tissue homing. Transfer of DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs relieved cisplatin-induced acute kidney failure, bleomycin-induced interstitial pneumonia, and allergic pneumonitis effectively without promoting tumor development. Our study shows that DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs are a promising cell therapy for inflammatory adverse events of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Yi-Dan Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Li-Yun Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Transplantation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology and the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, 29th Bulan Road, Shenzhen, 510623, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, PR China.
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Chang F, Zhang Y, Mi J, Zhou Q, Bai F, Xu X, Fisher DE, Sun Q, Wu X. ROCK inhibitor enhances the growth and migration of BRAF-mutant skin melanoma cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3428-3437. [PMID: 30168234 PMCID: PMC6215891 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) plays crucial roles in the proliferation and migration of different types of cells. ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 was previously reported to inhibit melanoma cell growth, and ROCK signaling was suggested to be a therapeutic target for treating melanoma. However, the negative effect of Y-27632 on melanoma cells was mainly seen in studies on murine B16 melanoma cells. Here, we reported that ROCK inhibitor actually promoted human melanoma cell growth and migration in vitro. Y-27632 increased the growth and migration of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells but had a negative effect on wild-type melanoma cells or primary melanocytes. We discovered that Y-27632 enhanced the growth of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells through increased ATK and ERK activity. The in vivo study further confirmed the in vitro finding. These data suggested that the effect of ROCK inhibitor on melanoma cells is cell-context dependent, and the application of ROCK inhibitor in the treatment of melanoma requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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