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Pamshong SR, Bhatane D, Sarnaik S, Alexander A. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: An emerging approach in overcoming the challenges with oral delivery of proteins and peptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 232:113613. [PMID: 37913702 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides (PPs), as therapeutics are widely explored in the past few decades, by virtue of their inherent advantages like high specificity and biocompatibility with minimal side effects. However, owing to their macromolecular size, poor membrane permeability, and high enzymatic susceptibility, the effective delivery of PPs is often challenging. Moreover, their subjection to varying environmental conditions, when administered orally, results in PPs denaturation and structural conformation, thereby lowering their bioavailability. Hence, for effective delivery with enhanced bioavailability, protection of PPs using nanoparticle-based delivery system has gained a growing interest. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with their tailored morphology and pore size, high surface area, easy surface modification, versatile loading capacity, excellent thermal stability, and good biocompatibility, are eligible candidates for the effective delivery of macromolecules to the target site. This review highlights the different barriers hindering the oral absorption of PPs and the various strategies available to overcome them. In addition, the potential benefits of MSNs, along with their diversifying role in controlling the loading of PPs and their release under the influence of specific stimuli, are also discussed in length. Further, the tuning of MSNs for enhanced gene transfection efficacy is also highlighted. Since extensive research is ongoing in this area, this review is concluded with an emphasis on the potential risks of MSNs that need to be addressed prior to their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Rose Pamshong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Dhananjay Bhatane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Santosh Sarnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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Saifi Z, Shafi S, Ralli T, Jain S, Vohora D, Mir SR, Alhalmi A, Noman OM, Alahdab A, Amin S. Enhancing Osteoporosis Treatment through Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery of Risedronate: In Vivo Evaluation and Bioavailability Enhancement. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2339. [PMID: 37765307 PMCID: PMC10534762 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Risedronate-loaded mPEG-coated hydroxyapatite, thiolated chitosan-based (coated) and non-coated nanoparticles were tested for their potential effects in the treatment of osteoporosis. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their bone-targeting potential by inducing osteoporosis in female Wistar rats via oral administration of Dexona (dexamethasone sodium phosphate). In vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed on osteoporotic rat models treated with different formulations. The osteoporotic model treated with the prepared nanoparticles indicated a significant effect on bone. The relative bioavailability was enhanced for RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG nanoparticles given orally compared to RIS-HA-TCS, marketed, and API suspension. Biochemical investigations also showed a significant change in biomarker levels, ultimately leading to bone formation/resorption. Micro-CT analysis of bone samples also demonstrated that the RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG-treated group showed the best results compared to other treatment groups. Moreover, the histology of bone treated with RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG showed a marked restoration of the architecture of trabecular bone along with a well-connected bone matrix and narrow inter-trabecular spaces compared to the toxic group. A stability analysis was also carried out according to ICH guidelines (Q1AR2), and it was found that RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG was more stable than RIS-HA-TCS at 25 °C. Thus, the results of present study indicated that mPEG-RIS-HA-TCS has excellent potential for sustained delivery of RIS for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, and for minimizing the adverse effects of RIS typically induced via oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (S.S.); (S.J.); (D.V.)
| | - Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Shreshta Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (S.S.); (S.J.); (D.V.)
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (S.S.); (S.J.); (D.V.)
| | - Showkat Rasool Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Alahdab
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
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Gulsun T, Izat N, Sahin S. Influence of permeability enhancers on the paracellular permeability of metformin hydrochloride and furosemide across Caco-2 cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 101:185-199. [PMID: 36459686 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Permeability enhancers can affect absorption of paracellularly transported drugs. This study aims to evaluate effects of permeability enhancers (chitosan, methyl-β -cyclodextrin, sodium caprate, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc.) on the permeability of paracellularly absorbed furosemide and metformin hydrochloride. Methyl thiazole tetrazolium bromide test was carried out to determine the drug concentrations in permeability study. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values determined to assess the integrity of tight junctions. Permeability enhancers were applied at different concentrations alone, in dual/triple combinations. Permeability was determined using human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells (TEER > 400 Ω·cm2). Permeability enhancers have no significant effect (<2-fold; p > 0.05) on the permeability of furosemide (1.80 × 10-5 ± 4.55 × 10-7 cm/s); however, metformin permeability (1.36 × 10-5 ± 1.25 × 10-6 cm/s) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with 0.3% and 0.5% (w/v) chitosan (2.0- and 2.7-fold, respectively), 1% methyl-β -cyclodextrin (w/v) (3.5-fold), 10 and 20 µmol/L sodium caprate (2.2- and 2.8-fold, respectively), and 0.012% sodium lauryl sulfate (w/v) (1.9-fold). Furosemide permeability increased significantly (p < 0.05) with chitosan-sodium lauryl sulfate combination (1.7-fold), and all triple combinations (1.4- to 1.9-fold). Chitosan containing dual/triple combinations resulted in significant increase (p < 0.05) in metformin permeability (1.7 to 2.8-fold). All results indicated that absorption of furosemide and metformin can be improved by the combination of permeability enhancers. Therefore, it can be evaluated for the formulation of development strategies containing furosemide and metformin by the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Gulsun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Nihan Izat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Selma Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Pednekar DD, Liguori MA, Marques CNH, Zhang T, Zhang N, Zhou Z, Amoako K, Gu H. From Static to Dynamic: A Review on the Role of Mucus Heterogeneity in Particle and Microbial Transport. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2825-2848. [PMID: 35696291 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucus layers (McLs) are on the front line of the human defense system that protect us from foreign abiotic/biotic particles (e.g., airborne virus SARS-CoV-2) and lubricates our organs. Recently, the impact of McLs on human health (e.g., nutrient absorption and drug delivery) and diseases (e.g., infections and cancers) has been studied extensively, yet their mechanisms are still not fully understood due to their high variety among organs and individuals. We characterize these variances as the heterogeneity of McLs, which lies in the thickness, composition, and physiology, making the systematic research on the roles of McLs in human health and diseases very challenging. To advance mucosal organoids and develop effective drug delivery systems, a comprehensive understanding of McLs' heterogeneity and how it impacts mucus physiology is urgently needed. When the role of airway mucus in the penetration and transmission of coronavirus (CoV) is considered, this understanding may also enable a better explanation and prediction of the CoV's behavior. Hence, in this Review, we summarize the variances of McLs among organs, health conditions, and experimental settings as well as recent advances in experimental measurements, data analysis, and model development for simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dinanath Pednekar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Madison A Liguori
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | | | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zejian Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Kagya Amoako
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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Surveying the Oral Drug Delivery Avenues of Novel Chitosan Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112131. [PMID: 35683804 PMCID: PMC9182633 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has come a long way in biomedical applications: drug delivery is one of its core areas of imminent application. Chitosan derivatives are the new generation variants of chitosan. These modified chitosans have overcome limitations and progressed in the area of drug delivery. This review briefly surveys the current chitosan derivatives available for biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of chitosan derivatives are revisited and their key inputs for oral drug delivery have been discussed. The limited use of the vast chitosan resources for oral drug delivery applications, speculated to be probably due to the interdisciplinary nature of this research, is pointed out in the discussion. Chitosan-derivative synthesis and practical implementation for oral drug delivery require distinct expertise from chemists and pharmacists. The lack of enthusiasm could be related to the inadequacy in the smooth transfer of the synthesized derivatives to the actual implementers. With thiolated chitosan derivatives predominating the oral delivery of drugs, the need for representation from the vast array of ready-to-use chitosan derivatives is emphasized. There is plenty to explore in this direction.
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Novel Chitosan Derivatives and Their Multifaceted Biological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a rather attractive material, especially because of its bio-origins as well as generation from exoskeletal waste. As the mantle has been effectively transferred from chitin to chitosan, so has it been extrapolated to in-house synthesized novel chitosan derivatives. This review comprehensively lists the available novel chitosan derivatives (ChDs) and summarizes their biological applications. The fact that chitosan derivatives do comprise multifaceted biological applications is attested by the voluminous reports on their varied contributions. However, this review points out to the fact that there has been selective focus on bio functions such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, whereas other biomedical applications and antiviral applications remain relatively less explored. With their current functionality record, there is definitely no doubt that the plethora of synthesized ChDs will have a profound impact on the unexplored biological aspects. This review points out this lacuna as room for future exploration.
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Zhu Q, Chen Z, Paul PK, Lu Y, Wu W, Qi J. Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2416-2448. [PMID: 34522593 PMCID: PMC8424290 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides (PPs) have gradually become more attractive therapeutic molecules than small molecular drugs due to their high selectivity and efficacy, but fewer side effects. Owing to the poor stability and limited permeability through gastrointestinal (GI) tract and epithelia, the therapeutic PPs are usually administered by parenteral route. Given the big demand for oral administration in clinical use, a variety of researches focused on developing new technologies to overcome GI barriers of PPs, such as enteric coating, enzyme inhibitors, permeation enhancers, nanoparticles, as well as intestinal microdevices. Some new technologies have been developed under clinical trials and even on the market. This review summarizes the history, the physiological barriers and the overcoming approaches, current clinical and preclinical technologies, and future prospects of oral delivery of PPs.
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Key Words
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAGR, compound annual growth
- CD, Crohn's disease
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CPP, cell penetrating peptide
- CaP, calcium phosphate
- Clinical
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DDVAP, desmopressin acetate
- DTPA, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- EPD, empirical phase diagrams
- EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance
- Enzyme inhibitor
- FA, folic acid
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FcRn, Fc receptor
- GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIPET, gastrointestinal permeation enhancement technology
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- GRAS, generally recognized as safe
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HPMCP, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ILs, ionic liquids
- LBNs, lipid-based nanoparticles
- LMWP, low molecular weight protamine
- MCT-1, monocarborxylate transporter 1
- MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers
- Oral delivery
- PAA, polyacrylic acid
- PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetics
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PCL, polycarprolacton
- PGA, poly-γ-glutamic acid
- PLA, poly(latic acid)
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PPs, proteins and peptides
- PVA, poly vinyl alcohol
- Peptides
- Permeation enhancer
- Proteins
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RTILs, room temperature ionic liquids
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SGC, sodium glycocholate
- SGF, simulated gastric fluids
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluids
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SNAC, sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems
- STC, sodium taurocholate
- Stability
- TAT, trans-activating transcriptional peptide
- TMC, N-trimethyl chitosan
- Tf, transferrin
- TfR, transferrin receptors
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- UEA1, ulex europaeus agglutinin 1
- VB12, vitamin B12
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- pHPMA, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
- pI, isoelectric point
- sCT, salmon calcitonin
- sc, subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Pijush Kumar Paul
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Mirzanagar Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Yi Lu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Advanced materials for drug delivery across mucosal barriers. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:13-29. [PMID: 33141051 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic gel that traps pathogens and other foreign particles to limit their penetration into the underlying epithelium. Dosage forms containing particle-based drug delivery systems are trapped in mucosal layers and will be removed by mucus turnover. Mucoadhesion avoids premature wash-off and prolongs the residence time of drugs on mucus. Moreover, mucus penetration is essential for molecules to access the underlying epithelial tissues. Various strategies have been investigated to achieve mucoadhesion and mucus penetration of drug carriers. Innovations in materials used for the construction of drug-carrier systems allowed the development of different mucoadhesion and mucus penetration delivery systems. Over the last decade, advances in the field of materials chemistry, with a focus on biocompatibility, have led to the expansion of the pool of materials available for drug delivery applications. The choice of materials in mucosal delivery is generally dependent on the intended therapeutic target and nature of the mucosa at the site of absorption. This review presents an up-to-date account of materials including synthesis, physical and chemical modifications of mucoadhesive materials, nanocarriers, viral mimics used for the construction of mucosal drug delivery systems.
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A Review on Chitosan's Uses as Biomaterial: Tissue Engineering, Drug Delivery Systems and Cancer Treatment. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214995. [PMID: 33171898 PMCID: PMC7664280 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, derived from chitin, is a biopolymer consisting of arbitrarily distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine that exhibits outstanding properties— biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, antibacterial activity, the capacity to form films, and chelating of metal ions. Most of these peculiar properties are attributed to the presence of free protonable amino groups along the chitosan backbone, which also gives it solubility in acidic conditions. Moreover, this biopolymer can also be physically modified, thereby presenting a variety of forms to be developed. Consequently, this polysaccharide is used in various fields, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and cancer treatment. In this sense, this review aims to gather the state-of-the-art concerning this polysaccharide when used as a biomaterial, providing information about its characteristics, chemical modifications, and applications. We present the most relevant and new information about this polysaccharide-based biomaterial’s applications in distinct fields and also the ability of chitosan and its various derivatives to selectively permeate through the cancer cell membranes and exhibit anticancer activity, and the possibility of adding several therapeutic metal ions as a strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of this polymer.
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Xu Y, Mao H, Yang C, Du H, Wang H, Tu J. Effects of chitosan nanoparticle supplementation on growth performance, humoral immunity, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:597-605. [PMID: 31891214 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) on growth performance, immune status, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs. A total of 144 piglets were assigned to four groups receiving different dietary treatments, including basal diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg CNP fed for 28 days. Each treatment group included six pens (six piglets per pen). The increase in supplemental CNP concentration improved the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed and gain (F/G) and diarrhoea rate (p < .05). However, significant differences in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) among different CNP concentrations were not observed. CNP also increased plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG, and C3 and C4 concentrations in piglets in a dose-dependent manner on day 28, whereas IgM concentration was not affected by CNP. A total of 24 piglets in the control diet and control diet with 400 mg/kg CNP supplementation groups were randomly selected for the experiment of immunological stress. Half of the pigs in each group (n = 6) were injected i.p. with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a concentration of 100 μg/kg. The other pigs in each group were injected with sterile saline solution at the same volume. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β dramatically increased after LPS challenge. However, CNP inhibited the increase in cortisol, PEG2, IL-6 and IL-1β levels in plasma, whereas TNF-α level slightly increased. Moreover, the effects of CNP on the gut microbiota were also evaluated. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CNP modified the composition of colonic microbiota, where it increased the amounts of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria and suppressed the growth of potential bacterial pathogens. These findings suggested CNP supplementation improved the growth performance and immune status, alleviated immunological stress and regulated intestinal ecology in weaned piglets. Based on these beneficial effects, CNP could be applied as a functional feed additives supplemented in piglets diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Tu
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Zong S, Li J. Carboxymethyl chitosan perturbs inflammation profile and colonic microbiota balance in mice. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 28:175-182. [PMID: 31883606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is widely used in food and medicine as a biodegradable polymer. However, its effects on inflammation profile and colon health are not well investigated. In the present study, CMC was given to mice to evaluate its possible effects on body weight, blood glucose level, inflammation factors, intestinal permeability and colon microbiota. Results showed that blood glucose level of CMC treated mice was relatively higher than control ones. Glucose tolerance test revealed that CMC treated mice presented higher peak glucose level and lower lag level. CMC treatment increased serum LDL-c level, decreased serum HDL-c and IL-10 level in the fat tissue. Moreover, CMC treatment downregulated the expression of tight junction protein, occludin and ZO-1, in colon as evaluated by Western blot. Colon microbiota analysis demonstrated that CMC treatment significantly decreased the OTUs and relative species abundance. The level of Enterobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae and several other bacteria were much higher in the colon content of CMC treated mice. The results collectively suggest that CMC treatment induces disturbance of glucose and fat metabolism, affects the inflammation profile, perturbs colon microbiota balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Chen J, Duan H, Pan H, Yang X, Pan W. Two types of core/shell fibers based on carboxymethyl chitosan and Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with self-assembled liposome for buccal delivery of carvedilol across TR146 cell culture and porcine buccal mucosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:700-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xing Y, Liu X, Li X, Ding F, Zhang J, Guo X. PEG-PCL modification and intestinal sustained-release of solid lipid nanoparticles for improving oral bioavailability of 2-methoxyestradiol. J Liposome Res 2018; 29:207-214. [PMID: 30280943 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1529792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The primary purpose of the present study was to design and optimize a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulation of the poorly water-soluble drug 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) to improve its oral bioavailability and prolong the duration of therapeutic drug level. SLN was modified by amphipathic PEG-PCL (PLN) and then encapsulated in pH-sensitive microparticles (MP) by spray drying technology. Several properties of 2-ME PLN-MP were characterized including particle size, drug loading, and drug or PLN release. After oral administration of 2-ME PLN-MP, retention time in mice was evaluated by in vivo imaging technology and the pharmacokinetic parameters in rats were determined by HPLC. The results demonstrated that PEG-PCL modification of 2-ME SLN significantly decreased particle size and delayed drug release without influencing IC50 in 4T1 cells. 2-ME PLN in the microparticles showed significant pH-sensitive release in the simulated gastrointestinal fluid and controlled release in the intestine. The PLN (labelled with IR-780 iodide) prolonged significantly fluorescence duration time compared to the SLN and the prolongation was further enhanced by the PLN-MP formulation. Furthermore, compared with the suspension, the PLN-MP formulation showed a 56.66-fold delay in Tmax, a 10.36-fold extension in MRT and a 140.86-fold increase in the relative bioavailability in the rat. The research work in the paper suggests that the PLN-MP could serve as a practical oral preparation for 2-ME in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaBing Xing
- a Department of pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xin Liu
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xiao Li
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fang Ding
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - JunYa Zhang
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - XinHong Guo
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,c Henan Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy and Diagnosis of Tumor and Major Diseases , Zhengzhou , Henan Province, China
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M Ways TM, Lau WM, Khutoryanskiy VV. Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Application in Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E267. [PMID: 30966302 PMCID: PMC6414903 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are desirable as they can increase the residence time of drugs at the site of absorption/action, provide sustained drug release and minimize the degradation of drugs in various body sites. Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide that exhibits mucoadhesive properties and it has been widely used in the design of mucoadhesive dosage forms. However, its limited mucoadhesive strength and limited water-solubility at neutral and basic pHs are considered as two major drawbacks of its use. Chemical modification of chitosan has been exploited to tackle these two issues. In this review, we highlight the up-to-date studies involving the synthetic approaches and description of mucoadhesive properties of chitosan and chitosan derivatives. These derivatives include trimethyl chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, thiolated chitosan, chitosan-enzyme inhibitors, chitosan-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (chitosan-EDTA), half-acetylated chitosan, acrylated chitosan, glycol chitosan, chitosan-catechol, methyl pyrrolidinone-chitosan, cyclodextrin-chitosan and oleoyl-quaternised chitosan. We have particularly focused on the effect of chemical derivatization on the mucoadhesive properties of chitosan. Additionally, other important properties including water-solubility, stability, controlled release, permeation enhancing effect, and in vivo performance are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twana Mohammed M Ways
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Bakshi PS, Selvakumar D, Kadirvelu K, Kumar N. Comparative study on antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of N-selective chitosan derivatives. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Hong SJ, Ahn MH, Sangshetti J, Choung PH, Arote RB. Sugar-based gene delivery systems: Current knowledge and new perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:1180-1193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Park JW, Jeon OC, Kim SK, Al-Hilal T, Lim KM, Moon HT, Kim CY, Byun Y. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of an oral tablet form of low-molecular-weight heparin and deoxycholic acid conjugate as a novel oral anticoagulant. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105:1060-71. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-07-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThis study was designed to develop a solid oral dosage form of deoxycholic acid (DOCA)-conjugated low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and to evaluate its oral absorption, distribution, and metabolic stability for the prospect of providing an orally bioavailable LMWH. The LMWH derivative (LHD) was synthesised and then formulated with solubilisers and other pharmaceutical excipients to form a solid tablet. Its absorption and distribution after oral administration were evaluated in mice, rats, and monkeys. The in vitro metabolic stability of LHD was examined by liver microsome assays. More than 80% of LHD was released from the tablet within 60 minutes, guaranteeing rapid tablet disintegration after oral administration. Oral bioavailability of LHD in mice, rats and monkeys were 16.1 ± 3.0, 15.6 ± 6.1, and 15.8 ± 2.5%, respectively. After the oral administration of 131I-tyramine-LHD, most of the absorbed drug remained in the blood circulation and was eliminated mainly through the kidneys. LHD was hardly metabolised by the liver microsomes and showed a stable metabolic pattern similar to that of LMWH. In a rat thrombosis model, 10 mg/kg of orally administered LHD reduced thrombus formation by 60.8%, which was comparable to the antithrombotic effect of the subcutaneously injected LMWH (100 IU/ kg). Solid tablets of LHD exhibited high oral absorption and statistically significant therapeutic effects in preventing venous thromboembolism. Accordingly, LHD tablets are expected to satisfy the unmet medical need for an oral heparin-based anticoagulant as an alternative to injectable heparin and oral warfarin.
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Hong L, Zhou CL, Chen FP, Han D, Wang CY, Li JX, Chi Z, Liu CG. Development of a carboxymethyl chitosan functionalized nanoemulsion formulation for increasing aqueous solubility, stability and skin permeability of astaxanthin using low-energy method. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:707-721. [PMID: 29141479 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1373154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this research, firstly astaxanthin (ASX)-loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) were produced using a convenient low-energy emulsion phase inversion method. The optimised ASX-NEs were prepared in the presence of Cremophor® EL and Labrafil® M 1944 CS, with a surfactant-to-oil ratio of 4:6. The ASX-NE droplets were spherical with a mean droplet diameter below 100 nm and a small negative surface charge. The system was stable without alteration of mean droplet diameter for three months. Then, the ASX-NE was functionalised with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) through direct CMCS (0.02%) incorporation during the preparation process. The ASX chemical stability and skin permeability increased in the following order: ASX solution control < ASX-NE < CMCS-ASX-NE. Cell viability assays on L929 cells revealed low cytotoxicity of blank NE, ASX-NE and CMCS-ASX-NE in the range from 5 to 500 μg mL-1. In conclusion, the CMCS-ASX-NE might be a promising delivery vehicle in dermal and transdermal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hong
- a College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Li Zhou
- b Department of Spine Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ping Chen
- a College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Han
- a College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yuan Wang
- a College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- a College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chi
- a College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- a College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
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Baek JS, Cho CW. Surface modification of solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery of curcumin: Improvement of bioavailability through enhanced cellular uptake, and lymphatic uptake. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stepwise inhibition of T cell recruitment at post-capillary venules by orally active desulfated heparins in inflammatory arthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176110. [PMID: 28419144 PMCID: PMC5395217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the structure-function relationship of heparin, particularly between 2-O-, 6-O-, and N-sulfation and its anticoagulant or anti-inflammatory activities, is critical in order to evaluate the biological effects of heparin, especially in conjunction with modifications for oral formulation. In this study, we demonstrated that removal of 2-O, 6-O, or N-desulfation and their hydrophobic modifications have differential effects on the blocking of interactions between sLeX and P-and L-selectins, with highest inhibition by 6-O desulfation, which was consistent with their in vivo therapeutic efficacies on CIA mice. The 6-O desulfation of lower molecular weight heparin (LMWH) retained the ability of LMWH to interfere with T cell adhesion via selectin-sLeX interactions. Furthermore, 6DSHbD coated on the apical surface of inflamed endothelium directly blocked the adhesive interactions of circulating T cells, which was confirmed in vivo by suppressing T cell adhesion at post-capillary venular endothelium. Thus, in series with our previous study demonstrating inhibition of transendothelial migration, oral delivery of low anticoagulant LMWH to venular endothelium of inflamed joint tissues ameliorated arthritis by the stepwise inhibition of T cell recruitment and provides a rationale for the development of modified oral heparins as innovative agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory arthritis.
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21
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Zhang E, Xing R, Liu S, Li K, Qin Y, Yu H, Li P. Comparison in docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles based on three different carboxymethyl chitosans. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:1012-1018. [PMID: 28389400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three different carboxymethyl chitosans (CMCs), namely O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OC), N-carboxymethyl chitosan (NC) and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOC), were prepared as nano-carriers for an anti-tumor drug, docetaxel (DCT). Three CMCs were fabricated into drug-loading nanoparticles under different preparing conditions respectively. A series of characterization parameters were determined including drug loading capacity (DC), entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology, which were used to find the optimized preparing condition for three kinds of nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, the in vitro drug release profiles of all the three kinds of nanoparticles showed a sustained release behavior and the release rate of OC-NPs was the fastest. Moreover, compared with NC-NPs and NOC-NPs, OC-NPs exhibited more cellular accumulation in the human gastric carcinoma cells (SGC 7901) as quantitatively determined by the flow cytometry and also much stronger cytotoxicity against these cells. Accordingly, our results showed that drug-loaded nanoparticles formed by different CMCs have dissimilar physiochemical characteristics which subsequently influence their therapeutic effects. We suggest that OC-based nanoparticle is a more desirable anti-tumor drug delivery system than NC-NP and NOC-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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22
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Potential of amphiphilic graft copolymer α-tocopherol succinate-g-carboxymethyl chitosan in modulating the permeability and anticancer efficacy of tamoxifen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:149-159. [PMID: 28214545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed an enhanced oral bioavailability of tamoxifen (TMX) by hydrophobically modified α-tocopherol succinate-g-carboxymethyl chitosan (Cmc-TS) micelles. As a continued effort, here we evaluated TMX-loaded polymeric micelles (TMX-PMs) for its enhanced permeability with increased anticancer efficacy and decreased hepatotoxicity. We employed co-solvent evaporation technique to encapsulate TMX into Cmc-TS. Apparent permeability assay of TMX-PMs was performed on Caco-2 cell line. The absorptive transport of TMX increased significantly about 3.8-fold when incorporated into Cmc-TS PMs. Cytotoxicity of Cmc-TS PMs was studied on MCF-7 cell line by MTT and; confocal microscopy was used for cellular uptake. Confocal microscopy revealed that Cmc-TS PMs could effectively accumulate in the cytosol of MCF-7 cell lines. In vitro data was further validated using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatotoxicity profiles of TMX-PMs at three different doses were also evaluated against the free drug TMX. TMX-PMs were more effective in suppressing breast tumor in MNU-induced mammary carcinoma model than free TMX with better safety profile. In addition, histological data shows that tumors are "benign" in TMX-PMs treated group compared with "malignant" tumors in free TMX treated and control groups. Overall, the results implicate that our Cmc-TS PMs may serve as a promising carrier for the intracellular delivery of anticancer drug molecules via oral route.
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Li L, Jiang G, Yu W, Liu D, Chen H, Liu Y, Tong Z, Kong X, Yao J. Preparation of chitosan-based multifunctional nanocarriers overcoming multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:278-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maher S, Mrsny RJ, Brayden DJ. Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:277-319. [PMID: 27320643 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are one of the most widely tested strategies to improve oral delivery of therapeutic peptides. This article assesses the intestinal permeation enhancement action of over 250 PEs that have been tested in intestinal delivery models. In depth analysis of pre-clinical data is presented for PEs as components of proprietary delivery systems that have progressed to clinical trials. Given the importance of co-presentation of sufficiently high concentrations of PE and peptide at the small intestinal epithelium, there is an emphasis on studies where PEs have been formulated with poorly permeable molecules in solid dosage forms and lipoidal dispersions.
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Wu M, Long Z, Xiao H, Dong C. Recent research progress on preparation and application of N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan. Carbohydr Res 2016; 434:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Strategies to Overcome Heparins' Low Oral Bioavailability. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9030037. [PMID: 27367704 PMCID: PMC5039490 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Even after a century, heparin is still the most effective anticoagulant available with few side effects. The poor oral absorption of heparins triggered the search for strategies to achieve oral bioavailability since this route has evident advantages over parenteral administration. Several approaches emerged, such as conjugation of heparins with bile acids and lipids, formulation with penetration enhancers, and encapsulation of heparins in micro and nanoparticles. Some of these strategies appear to have potential as good delivery systems to overcome heparin’s low oral bioavailability. Nevertheless, none have reached the market yet. Overall, this review aims to provide insights regarding the oral bioavailability of heparin.
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27
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Ni J, Tian F, Dahmani FZ, Yang H, Yue D, He S, Zhou J, Yao J. Curcumin-carboxymethyl chitosan (CNC) conjugate and CNC/LHR mixed polymeric micelles as new approaches to improve the oral absorption of P-gp substrate drugs. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3424-3435. [PMID: 27198856 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1189625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The low oral bioavailability of numerous drugs has been mostly attributed to the significant effect of P-gp-mediated efflux on intestinal drug transport. Herein, we developed mixed polymeric micelles (MPMs) comprised of curcumin-carboxymethyl chitosan (CNC) conjugate, as a potential inhibitor of P-gp-mediated efflux and gastrointestinal absorption enhancer, and low-molecular-weight heparin-all-trans-retinoid acid (LHR) conjugate, as loading material, with the aim to improve the oral absorption of P-gp substrate drugs. CNC conjugate was synthesized by chemical bonding of curcumin (Cur) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) taking advantage of the inhibition of intestinal P-gp-mediated secretion by Cur and the intestinal absorption enhancement by CMCS. The chemical structure of CNC conjugate was characterized by 1H NMR with a degree of substitution of Cur of 4.52-10.20%. More importantly, CNC conjugate markedly improved the stability of Cur in physiological pH. Cyclosporine A-loaded CNC/LHR MPMs (CsA-CNC/LHR MPMs) were prepared by dialysis method, with high drug loading 25.45% and nanoscaled particle size (∼200 nm). In situ single-pass perfusion studies in rats showed that both CsA + CNC mixture and CsA-CNC/LHR MPMs achieved significantly higher Ka and Peff than CsA suspension in the duodenum and jejunum segments (p < 0.01), which was comparable to verapamil coperfusion effect. Similarly, CsA + CNC mixture and CsA-CNC/LHR MPMs significantly increased the oral bioavailability of CsA as compared to CsA suspension. These results suggest that CNC conjugate might be considered as a promising gastrointestinal absorption enhancer, while CNC/LHR MPMs had the potential to improve the oral absorption of P-gp substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ni
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Fengchun Tian
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Fatima Zohra Dahmani
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Hui Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Deren Yue
- b Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Co, Ltd , Beijing , China
| | - Shuwang He
- b Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Co, Ltd , Beijing , China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Jing Yao
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
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28
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On prilled Nanotubes-in-Microgel Oral Systems for protein delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 101:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ahmed TA, Aljaeid BM. Preparation, characterization, and potential application of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical drug delivery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:483-507. [PMID: 26869768 PMCID: PMC4734734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s99651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polymers, particularly of the polysaccharide type, have been used pharmaceutically for the delivery of a wide variety of therapeutic agents. Chitosan, the second abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide next to cellulose, is a biocompatible and biodegradable mucoadhesive polymer that has been extensively used in the preparation of micro-as well as nanoparticles. The prepared particles have been exploited as a potential carrier for different therapeutic agents such as peptides, proteins, vaccines, DNA, and drugs for parenteral and nonparenteral administration. Therapeutic agent-loaded chitosan micro- or nanoparticles were found to be more stable, permeable, and bioactive. In this review, we are highlighting the different methods of preparation and characterization of chitosan micro- and nanoparticles, while reviewing the pharmaceutical applications of these particles in drug delivery. Moreover, the roles of chitosan derivatives and chitosan metal nanoparticles in drug delivery have been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bader M Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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30
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Che Y, Li D, Liu Y, Ma Q, Tan Y, Yue Q, Meng F. Physically cross-linked pH-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels with enhanced mechanical performance for controlled drug delivery. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel physically cross-linked pH-responsive hydrogel with enhanced mechanical performance was prepared from chitosan, acrylic acid and (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate via in situ free radical polymerization for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuJu Che
- Marine College
- Shandong University
- Weihai 264209
- PR China
| | - Dongping Li
- Marine College
- Shandong University
- Weihai 264209
- PR China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Marine College
- Shandong University
- Weihai 264209
- PR China
| | - Qinglin Ma
- Marine College
- Shandong University
- Weihai 264209
- PR China
| | - Yebang Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- PR China
| | - Fanjun Meng
- Marine College
- Shandong University
- Weihai 264209
- PR China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticoagulants have been prescribed to patients to prevent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. However, because of several problems in anticoagulant therapy, much attention has been directed at developing an ideal anticoagulant, and numerous attempts have been made to develop new anticoagulant delivery systems in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the challenges associated with the recent development of anticoagulants and their delivery systems. Various delivery methods have been developed to improve the use of anticoagulants. Recent advances in anticoagulant delivery and antidote development are also discussed in the context of their current progression states. EXPERT OPINION There have been many different approaches to developing the delivery system of anticoagulants. One approach has been to expand the use of new oral agents and develop their antidotes. Reducing the size of heparins to use smaller heparins for delivery, and developing oral or topical heparins are also some of the approaches used. Various physical formulations or chemical modifications are other ways that have enhanced the therapeutic potential of anticoagulant agents. On the whole, recent advances have contributed to increasing the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant clinically and have benefited the field of anticoagulant delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Park
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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De Kruif JK, Varum F, Bravo R, Kuentz M. A Systematic Study on Manufacturing of Prilled Microgels into Lipids for Oral Protein Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3351-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Trends in the development of oral anticoagulants. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:685-703. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulation remains the therapy of choice for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders which can cause major organ damage or death. Heparins represent the antithrombotic drugs of choice in short and medium-term prophylaxis and therapy of thromboembolic diseases. Fondaparinux, a synthetic and structural analog of the antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide domain of heparin, has selective anti-Xa activity and longer half-life. However, anticoagulants are poorly absorbed by oral route because of their high molecular weight, hydrophilicity and negative charges. Long-term anticoagulation therapy is problematic because of side effects and frequent monitoring. Formulation approaches are particularly promising.
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Coué G, Engbersen JFJ. Cationic Polymers for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins. CATIONIC POLYMERS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620105-00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many therapeutic proteins exert their pharmaceutical action inside the cytoplasm or onto individual organelles inside the cell. Intracellular protein delivery is considered to be the most direct, fastest and safest approach for curing gene-deficiency diseases, enhancing vaccination and triggering cell transdifferentiation processes, within other curative applications. However, several hurdles have to be overcome. For this purpose the use of polymers, with their ease of modification in physical and chemical properties, is attractive in protein drug carriers. They can protect their therapeutic protein cargo from degradation and enhance their bioavailability at targeted sites. In this chapter, potential and currently used polymers for fabrication of protein delivery systems and their applications for intracellular administration are discussed. Special attention is given to the use of cationic polymers for their ability to promote the cellular uptake of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Coué
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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De Kruif JK, Fasler‐Kan E, Varum F, Bravo R, Kuentz M. On Prilling of Hydrophilic Microgels in Lipid Dispersions Using Mono‐N‐Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Oral Biologicals Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3675-3687. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhou W, Tan X, Shan J, Liu T, Cai B, Di L. Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on the intestinal absorptions of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1549-1558. [PMID: 25442264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides, the main active ingredients in Fructus Forsythiae extract possesses strong antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral effects, and their contents were higher largely than that of other ingredients such as lignans and flavones, but their absolute bioavailability orally was significantly low, which influenced clinical efficacies of its oral preparations seriously. In the present study, the absorption mechanism of phenylethanoid glycosides was studied using in vitro Caco-2 cell model. And the effect of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on the intestinal absorption of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract was investigated using in vitro, in situ and in vivo models. The pharmacological effects such as antiviral activity improvement by COS were verified by MDCK cell damage inhibition rate after influenza virus propagation. The observations from in vitro Caco-2 cell showed that the absorption of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract so with that in monomers was mainly restricted by the tight junctions, and influenced by efflux transporters (P-gp and MRP2). Meanwhile, the absorption of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract could be improved by COS. Besides, COS at the same low, medium and high concentrations caused a significant, concentration-dependent increase in the Papp-value for phenylethanoid glycosides compared to the control group (p<0.05), and was all safe for the Caco-2 cells. The observations from single-pass intestinal perfusion in situ model showed that the intestinal absorption of phenylethanoid glycosides can be enhanced by COS. Meanwhile, the absorption enhancing effect of phenylethanoid glycosides might be saturable in different intestine sites. In pharmacokinetics study, COS at dosage of 25mg/kg improved the bioavailability of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract to the greatest extent, and was safe for gastrointestine from morphological observation. In addition, treatment with Fructus Forsythiae extract with COS at dosage of 25mg/kg prevented MDCK cell damage upon influenza virus propagation better than that of control. All findings above suggested that COS at dosage of 25mg/kg might be safe and effective absorption enhancer for improving the bioavailability of phenylethanoid glycosides and the antiviral activity in vitro in Fructus Forsythiae extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, PR China; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provinical Academy of Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Paediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, PR China; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, PR China
| | - Baochang Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, PR China; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, PR China.
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Mahjub R, Heidari Shayesteh T, Radmehr M, Vafaei SY, Amini M, Dinarvand R, Dorkoosh FA. Preparation and optimization of N-trimethyl-O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 21:14-25. [PMID: 25255172 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.965320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was preparation, optimization and in vitro characterization of nanoparticles composed of 6-[O-carboxymethyl]-[N,N,N-trimethyl] (TMCMC) for oral delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin. The chitosan derivative was synthesized. Nanoparticles were prepared using the polyelectrolyte complexation method. Box-Behnken response surface experimental design methodology was used for optimization of nanoparticles. The morphology of nanoparticles was studied using transmission electron microscopy. In vitro release of enoxaparin from nanoparticles was determined under simulated intestinal fluid. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on a Caco-2 cell line was determined, and finally the transport of prepared nanoparticles across Caco-2 cell monolayer was defined. Optimized nanoparticles with proper physico-chemical properties were obtained. The size, zeta potential, poly-dispersity index, entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency of nanoparticles were reported as 235 ± 24.3 nm, +18.6 ± 2.57 mV, 0.230 ± 0.03, 76.4 ± 5.43% and 12.6 ± 1.37%, respectively. Morphological studies revealed spherical nanoparticles with no sign of aggregation. In vitro release studies demonstrated that 93.6 ± 1.17% of enoxaparin released from nanoparticles after 600 min of incubation. MTT cell cytotoxicity studies showed no cytotoxicity at 3 h post-incubation, while the study demonstrated concentration-dependent cytotoxicity after 24 h of exposure. The obtained data had shown that the nanoparticles prepared from trimethylcarboxymethyl chitosan may be considered as a good candidate for oral delivery of enoxaparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mahjub
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran .,b School of Pharmacy , Hamedan University of Medical Sciences , Hamedan , Iran
| | | | - Moojan Radmehr
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Yaser Vafaei
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- c Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and.,d Drug Design and Development Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rasoul Dinarvand
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Bao D, Chen M, Wang H, Wang J, Liu C, Sun R. Preparation and characterization of double crosslinked hydrogel films from carboxymethylchitosan and carboxymethylcellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Intracellular delivery of desulfated heparin with bile acid conjugation alleviates T cell-mediated inflammatory arthritis via inhibition of RhoA-dependent transcellular diapedesis. J Control Release 2014; 183:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Sjögren E, Abrahamsson B, Augustijns P, Becker D, Bolger MB, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Flanagan T, Harwood M, Heinen C, Holm R, Juretschke HP, Kubbinga M, Lindahl A, Lukacova V, Münster U, Neuhoff S, Nguyen MA, Peer AV, Reppas C, Hodjegan AR, Tannergren C, Weitschies W, Wilson C, Zane P, Lennernäs H, Langguth P. In vivo methods for drug absorption – Comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for formulation/API/excipient characterization including food effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:99-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Byeon JH, Kulkarni A, Kim HK, Thompson DH, Roberts JT. Photoassisted One-Step Aerosol Fabrication of Zwitterionic Chitosan Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2320-5. [PMID: 24833549 DOI: 10.1021/bm5005417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Byeon
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Roberts
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Zhang H, Mi J, Huo Y, Huang X, Xing J, Yamamoto A, Gao Y. Absorption enhancing effects of chitosan oligomers on the intestinal absorption of low molecular weight heparin in rats. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhou W, Zhu XX, Yin AL, Cai BC, Wang HD, Di L, Shan JJ. Effect of various absorption enhancers based on tight junctions on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in Shuang-Huang-Lian, application to its antivirus activity. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:9-17. [PMID: 24695554 PMCID: PMC3969666 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.126651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forsythoside A (FTA), one of the main active ingredients in Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), possesses strong antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral effects, and its pharmacological effects was higher than that of other ingredients, but the absolute bioavailability orally was approximately 0.72%, which was significantly low, influencing clinical efficacies of its oral preparations seriously. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro Caco-2 cell and in vivo pharmacokinetics study were simultaneously performed to investigate the effects of absorption enhancers based on tight junctions: sodium caprate and water-soluble chitosan on the intestinal absorption of FTA, and the eventual mucosal epithelial damage resulted from absorption enhancers was evaluated by MTT test and morphology observation, respectively. The pharmacological effects such as antivirus activity improvement by absorption enhancers were verified by MDCK damage inhibition rate after influenza virus propagation. RESULTS The observations from in vitro Caco-2 cell showed that the absorption of FTA in SHL could be improved by absorption enhancers. Meanwhile, the absorption enhancing effect of water-soluble chitosan may be almost saturable up to 0.0032% (w/v), and sodium caprate at concentrations up to 0.64 mg/mL was safe, but water-soluble chitosan at different concentrations was all safe for these cells. In pharmacokinetics study, water-soluble chitosan at dosage of 50 mg/kg improved the bioavailability of FTA in SHL to the greatest extent, and was safe for gastrointestine from morphological observation. Besides, treatment with SHL with water-soluble chitosan at dosage of 50 mg/kg prevented MDCK damage after influenza virus propagation better significantly than that of control. CONCLUSION Water-soluble chitosan at dosage of 50 mg/kg might be safe and effective absorption enhancer for improving the bioavailability of FTA and the antivirus activity in vitro in SHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing, PR China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing PR China ; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuan Xuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ai Ling Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bao Chang Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hai Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing, PR China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing PR China ; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jin Jun Shan
- First Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
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Synthesis and characterization of a novel chitosan-N-acetyl-homocysteine thiolactone polymer using MES buffer. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:125-32. [PMID: 25037337 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a new "green" approach to synthesize a novel thiolated chitosan conjugate, chitosan-N-acetyl-homocysteine thiolactone (chitosan-AcHcys) using a "Good's buffers", 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES). After that, the crosslinked Xr-chitosan-AcHcys was obtained only in the presence of air, without other reactants. The chitosan-AcHcys spectrum shows a partial incorporation of the thiolactone onto the polymer backbone. The derivative thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that chitosan-AcHcys is slightly less stable than starting chitosan; however, the peak profile is broadened which is indicative of deeper changes in the thermal degradation process. Also, aqueous dispersions with different concentrations of the crosslinked material (Xr-chitosan-AcHcys) were prepared and rheologically characterized. All aqueous dispersions are viscoelastic fluid with shear-thinning behavior. The viscosity of the dispersions (1-7% of chitosan-AcHcys) increases as a function of polymer concentration. So, we have achieved to disperse a high concentration of thiolated-chitosan derivative in water with different rheological characteristics, which could affect the drug release.
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46
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Zhou W, Shan J, Tan X, Zou J, Yin A, Cai B, Di L. Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on the oral absorptions of phenolic acids of Flos Lonicerae extract. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:184-194. [PMID: 24035225 PMCID: PMC7119000 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids, the main active ingredients in Flos Lonicerae extract possess strong antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral effects, and their contents was higher largely than that of other ingredients such as flavones, but the absolute bioavailability orally was significantly low, which is significant low influencing clinical efficacies of its oral preparations. In the present study, in vitro Caco-2 cell, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and in vivo pharmacokinetics study were performed to investigate the effects of COS on the intestinal absorption of phenolic acids. The pharmacological effects such as antiviral activity improvement by COS were verified by MDCK cell damage inhibition rate after influenza virus propagation. The observations from in vitro Caco-2 cell showed that the absorption of phenolic acids in Flos Lonicerae extract could be improved by COS. Meanwhile, COS at the same low, medium and high concentrations caused a significant, concentration-dependent increase in the Papp-value for phenolic acids compared to the control group (p<0.05), and was all safe for the Caco-2 cells. The observations from single-pass intestinal perfusion in situ model showed that the intestinal absorption of phenolic acids can be enhanced by COS. Meanwhile, the absorption enhancing effect of phenolic acids might be saturable in different intestine sites. In pharmacokinetics study, COS at dosage of 25 mg/kg improved the bioavailability of phenolic acids in Flos Lonicerae extract to the greatest extent, and was safe for gastrointestine from morphological observation. Besides, treatment with Flos Lonicerae extract with COS at dosage of 25 mg/kg prevented MDCK cell damage upon influenza virus propagation better than that of control. All findings above suggested that COS at dosage of 25 mg/kg might be safe and effective absorption enhancer for improving the bioavailability of phenolic acids and the antiviral activity in vitro in Flos Lonicerae extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, PR China; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, PR China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- First Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provinical Academy of Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Jiashuang Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, PR China; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, PR China
| | - Ailing Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Baochang Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, PR China; Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, PR China.
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47
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Benediktsdóttir BE, Baldursson Ó, Másson M. Challenges in evaluation of chitosan and trimethylated chitosan (TMC) as mucosal permeation enhancers: From synthesis to in vitro application. J Control Release 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Coué G, Hermanns I, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ, Engbersen JFJ. Development and in vitro Evaluation of Antigen-Loaded Poly(amidoamine) Nanoparticles for Respiratory Epithelium Applications. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1787-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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A permeation enhancer for increasing transport of therapeutic macromolecules across the intestine. J Control Release 2013; 172:541-9. [PMID: 23680288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic macromolecules is limited by the physiological limitations of the gastrointestinal tract including poor intestinal permeability, low pH and enzymatic activity. Several permeation enhancers have been proposed to enhance intestinal permeability of macromolecules; however their utility is often hindered by toxicity and limited potency. Here, we report on a novel permeation enhancer, Dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS), with excellent enhancement potential and minimal toxicity. PPS was tested for dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, delivery of two model fluorescent molecules, sulforhodamine-B and FITC-insulin in vitro, and absorption enhancement of salmon calcitonin (sCT) in vivo. Caco-2 studies revealed that PPS is an effective enhancer of macromolecular transport while being minimally toxic. TEER measurements in Caco-2 monolayers confirmed the reversibility of the effect of PPS. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that molecules permeate via both paracellular and transcellular pathways in the presence of PPS. In vivo studies in rats showed that PPS enhanced relative bioavailability of sCT by 45-fold after intestinal administration. Histological studies showed that PPS does not induce damage to the intestine. PPS is an excellent permeation enhancer which provides new opportunities for developing efficacious oral/intestinal delivery systems for therapeutic macromolecules.
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Kompella UB, Amrite AC, Pacha Ravi R, Durazo SA. Nanomedicines for back of the eye drug delivery, gene delivery, and imaging. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 36:172-98. [PMID: 23603534 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Treatment and management of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye such as diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and choroidal neovascularization is a challenging task due to the anatomy and physiology of ocular barriers. For instance, traditional routes of drug delivery for therapeutic treatment are hindered by poor intraocular penetration and/or rapid ocular elimination. One possible approach to improve ocular therapy is to employ nanotechnology. Nanomedicines, products of nanotechnology, having at least one dimension in the nanoscale include nanoparticles, micelles, nanotubes, and dendrimers, with and without targeting ligands. Nanomedicines are making a significant impact in the fields of ocular drug delivery, gene delivery, and imaging, the focus of this review. Key applications of nanotechnology discussed in this review include a) bioadhesive nanomedicines; b) functionalized nanomedicines that enhance target recognition and/or cell entry; c) nanomedicines capable of controlled release of the payload; d) nanomedicines capable of enhancing gene transfection and duration of transfection; f) nanomedicines responsive to stimuli including light, heat, ultrasound, electrical signals, pH, and oxidative stress; g) diversely sized and colored nanoparticles for imaging, and h) nanowires for retinal prostheses. Additionally, nanofabricated delivery systems including implants, films, microparticles, and nanoparticles are described. Although the above nanomedicines may be administered by various routes including topical, intravitreal, intravenous, transscleral, suprachoroidal, and subretinal routes, each nanomedicine should be tailored for the disease, drug, and site of administration. In addition to the nature of materials used in nanomedicine design, depending on the site of nanomedicine administration, clearance and toxicity are expected to differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday B Kompella
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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