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Taouririt TE, Meftah A, Sengouga N, Adaika M, Chala S, Meftah A. Effects of high-k gate dielectrics on the electrical performance and reliability of an amorphous indium-tin-zinc-oxide thin film transistor (a-ITZO TFT): an analytical survey. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23459-23474. [PMID: 31799575 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study is a numerical simulation obtained by using Silvaco Atlas software to investigate the effect of different types of dielectric layers, inserted between the channel and the gate, on the performance and reliability of an a-ITZO TFT. Replacing the SiO2 oxide layer with a high-k dielectric layer gives the concept of the electrical thickness, known by the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) in which the physical thickness (PT) can be increased to improve the device reliability without increasing the effective thickness of the gate dielectric. A range of different high-k dielectric materials was suggested. For low-k SiO2 (k = 3.9), the electrical parameters extracted are: Ci = 3.45 × 10-8 F cm-2, Ion = 2.23 × 10-6 A, Ioff = 2.17 × 10-13 A, Ion/Ioff = 1.02 × 107, EOT = 100 nm, VT = -0.61 V, μFE = 29.75 cm2 V-1 s-1, SS = 7.91 × 10-2 V per decade and Von = -0.95 V. Replacing SiO2 by a high-k dielectric material, such as SrTiO3 (k = 300), leads to effects similar to the effects of reducing the physical thickness of the gate dielectric but without actually reducing this physical thickness. This allows improving the outputs of the a-ITZO TFT as it leads to an increase in Ci, Ion and Ion/Ioff to the values Ci = 2.66 × 10-6 F cm-2, Ion = 2.86 × 10-4 A, and Ion/Ioff = 8.80 × 109, respectively, and the decrease in EOT, Ioff, VT, μFE, SS and Von to the values EOT = 1.3 nm, Ioff = 3.25 × 10-14 A, VT = -0.428 V, μFE = 26.66 cm2 V-1 s-1, SS = 6.12 × 10-2 V per decade and Von = -0.75 V, respectively, without leakage effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taki Eddine Taouririt
- Laboratory of Metallic and Semi-conducting Materials, B.P. 145, University of Biskra, Biskra, 07000, Algeria.
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Kim SH, Lee W, An CH, Kwon DS, Kim DG, Cha SH, Cho ST, Hwang CS. Effect of Growth Temperature during the Atomic Layer Deposition of the SrTiO 3 Seed Layer on the Properties of RuO 2/SrTiO 3/Ru Capacitors for Dynamic Random Access Memory Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41544-41551. [PMID: 30418741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The atomic layer deposition process of SrTiO3 (STO) films at 230 °C was studied with Sr(iPr3Cp)2 and Ti(CpMe5)(OMe)3 (Pr, Cp, and Me are propyl, cyclopentadienyl, and methyl groups, respectively) on Ru substrates. The growth behavior and properties of STO films grown at 230 °C were compared with those deposited at 370 °C. With the limited over-reaction of the Sr precursor during the initial growth stage at a lower temperature, the cation composition was more controllable, and the surface morphology after crystallization annealing at 650 °C had more uniform grains with fewer defects. Here, the excess reaction of the Sr precursor means the chemical-vapor-deposition-like growth of the SrO component mediated through the thermal decomposition of the adsorbed Sr precursor molecules. It was by the reaction of the Sr precursor with the oxygen supplied from the partly oxidized Ru substrate. The second STO was grown at 370 °C (main layer) on the annealed first STO layer (crystallized seed layer) to lead to the in situ crystallization of the main layer. Due to the improved microstructure of STO films induced by the seed layer deposited at 230 °C, the bulk dielectric constant of 167 was obtained for the main layer, which was higher than the value of 101 where the seed layer was deposited at 370 °C, even though the crystallization annealing condition of the seed layer and the deposition condition of the main layer were consistent. The seed layer grown at 230 °C, however, had a lower dielectric constant of only ∼49, whereas the high-temperature seed layer had a dielectric constant of ∼106. Therefore, the low-temperature seed layer posed a severe limitation in acquiring an advanced capacitor property with the involvement of a low-dielectric interfacial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Woongkyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Cheol Hyun An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seon Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyung Cha
- Department of Engineering Practice , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tak Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Chung MJ, Jeon W, An CH, Kim SH, Lee YK, Lee W, Hwang CS. Quantitative Analysis of the Incorporation Behaviors of Sr and Ti Atoms During the Atomic Layer Deposition of SrTiO 3 Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8836-8844. [PMID: 29468873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of multication oxide films is complicated because the deposition behaviors of the component oxides are not independent of one another. In this study, the Ti and Sr atom incorporation behaviors during the ALD of SrTiO3 films were quantitatively examined via the carefully designed ALD process sequences. H2O and O3 were adopted as the oxygen sources of the SrO subcycles, whereas only O3 was used for the TiO2 ALD subcycles. Apart from the general conjecture on the roles of the different types of oxygen sources, the oxygen source that was adopted for the subcycles of the other component oxide had almost complete control of the metal atom incorporation behaviors. This means that the first half-cycle of ALD played a dominant role in determining the metal incorporation rate, which revealed the critical role of the steric hindrance effect during the metal precursor injection for the ALD rate. O3 had almost doubled its reactivity toward the Ti and Sr precursors compared with H2O. Although these are the expected results from the common knowledge on ALD, the quantitative analysis of the incorporation behaviors of each metal atom provided insightful viewpoints for the ALD process of this technically important oxide material. Furthermore, the SrTiO3 films with a bulk dielectric constant as high as 236 were obtained by the Ru-SrTiO3-RuO2 capacitor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam 31118 , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hyun An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyeung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Woongkyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Cheol Seong Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Fredrickson KD, McDaniel MD, Slepko A, Ekerdt JG, Demkov AA. Theoretical modeling and experimental observations of the atomic layer deposition of SrO using a cyclopentadienyl Sr precursor. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moxey GJ, Blake AJ, Lewis W, Kays DL. Alkaline Earth Complexes of a Sterically Demanding Guanidinate Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen W, Wang B, Zheng Y. Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films: Growth, Characterization, Physics and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:6377-6485. [PMID: 28788196 PMCID: PMC5456150 DOI: 10.3390/ma7096377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin ferroelectric films are of increasing interests these years, owing to the need of device miniaturization and their wide spectrum of appealing properties. Recent advanced deposition methods and characterization techniques have largely broadened the scope of experimental researches of ultrathin ferroelectric films, pushing intensive property study and promising device applications. This review aims to cover state-of-the-art experimental works of ultrathin ferroelectric films, with a comprehensive survey of growth methods, characterization techniques, important phenomena and properties, as well as device applications. The strongest emphasis is on those aspects intimately related to the unique phenomena and physics of ultrathin ferroelectric films. Prospects and challenges of this field also have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Micro & Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Weijin Chen
- Micro & Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Micro & Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Lee SW, Choi BJ, Eom T, Han JH, Kim SK, Song SJ, Lee W, Hwang CS. Influences of metal, non-metal precursors, and substrates on atomic layer deposition processes for the growth of selected functional electronic materials. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zaera F. Mechanisms of surface reactions in thin solid film chemical deposition processes. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saly MJ, Munnik F, Winter CH. The Atomic Layer Deposition of SrB2O4 Films Using the Thermally Stable Precursor Bis(tris(pyrazolyl)borate)strontium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.201006890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cameron TM, Xu C, Dipasquale AG, Rheingold AL. Synthesis and Structure of Strontium and Barium Guanidinates and Mixed-Ligand Guanidinate Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Cameron
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Chongying Xu
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Antonio G. Dipasquale
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
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Hatanpää T, Ritala M, Leskelä M. Crystal structures and thermal properties of Ba(1,2,4-t-Bu3C5H2)2 and Sr(1,2,4-t-Bu3C5H2)2: Precursors for atomic layer deposition. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vehkamäki M, Hatanpää T, Ritala M, Leskelä M, Väyrynen S, Rauhala E. Atomic Layer Deposition of BaTiO3 Thin Films—Effect of Barium Hydroxide Formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Niskanen A, Arstila K, Leskelä M, Ritala M. Radical Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kawano K, Kosuge H, Oshima N, Funakubo H. Low-Temperature Preparation of Metallic Ruthenium Films by MOCVD Using Bis(2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)ruthenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2717367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Conformability of Ruthenium Dioxide Films Prepared on Substrates with Capacitor Holes by MOCVD and Modification by Annealing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2336992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Myllymäki P, Nieminen M, Niinistö J, Putkonen M, Kukli K, Niinistö L. High-permittivity YScO3thin films by atomic layer deposition using two precursor approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b514083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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El‐Kaderi HM, Heeg MJ, Winter CH. Synthesis, Structure, and Ligand Redistribution Equilibria of Mixed Ligand Complexes of the Heavier Group 2 Elements Containing Pyrazolato andβ‐Diketiminato Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani M. El‐Kaderi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA,Fax: +1‐313‐577‐8289
| | - Mary Jane Heeg
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA,Fax: +1‐313‐577‐8289
| | - Charles H. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA,Fax: +1‐313‐577‐8289
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El-Kaderi HM, Heeg MJ, Winter CH. Synthesis, structure and properties of monomeric strontium and barium complexes containing terminal η2-3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolato ligands. Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hatanpää T, Vehkamäki M, Mutikainen I, Kansikas J, Ritala M, Leskelä M. Synthesis and characterisation of cyclopentadienyl complexes of barium: precursors for atomic layer deposition of BaTiO3. Dalton Trans 2004:1181-8. [PMID: 15252658 DOI: 10.1039/b400235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopentadienyl complexes Ba(C5Me5)2(THF)2 (1), Ba(C5Me5)2(A) (A = THF, dien, trien, diglyme, triglyme) (2-5), Ba(Pr(i)3C5H2)2(THF)2 (6), Ba(Bu(t)3C5H2)2(THF) (7), Ba(Me2NC2H4C5Me4)2 (8) and Ba(EtOC2H4C5Me4)2 (9) were prepared and characterised with TGA/SDTA, NMR and MS. Crystal structures of 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 are presented. All complexes prepared sublime under reduced pressure and complexes 1, 6 and 7 showed volatility also under atmospheric pressure. Complexes 1, 6 and 7 lose the coordinated THF when evaporated while complexes 2-5 are sublimable as complete molecules under reduced pressure. Complexes with bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands (6 and 7) are the most thermally stable and volatile among the prepared barocenes. X-ray structure determinations reveal that all the complexes studied are monomeric. Complexes 1, 7 and 8 were successfully tested in BaTiO3 thin film depositions by atomic layer deposition (ALD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hatanpää
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 55, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
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Hanusa TP. New Developments in the Cyclopentadienyl Chemistry of the Alkaline-Earth Metals. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020168o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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