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Faria CB, de Castro FF, Martim DB, Abe CAL, Prates KV, de Oliveira MAS, Barbosa-Tessmann IP. Production of Galactose Oxidase Inside the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex and Recombinant Expression and Characterization of the Galactose Oxidase GaoA Protein from Fusarium subglutinans. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 61:633-649. [PMID: 31177409 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galactose oxidase catalyzes a two-electron oxidation, mainly from the C6 hydroxyl group of D-galactose, with the concomitant reduction of water to hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme is secreted by Fusarium species and has several biotechnological applications. In this study, a screening of galactose oxidase production among species of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex demonstrated Fusarium subglutinans to be the main producer. The truncated F. subglutinans gaoA gene coding for the mature galactose oxidase was expressed from the prokaryotic vector pTrcHis2B in the E. coli Rosetta™ (DE3) strain. The purified recombinant enzyme presented temperature and pH optima of 30 °C and 7.0, respectively, KM of 132.6 ± 18.18 mM, Vmax of 3.2 ± 0.18 µmol of H2O2/min, kcat of 12,243 s-1, and a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 9.2 × 104 M-1 s-1. In the presence of 50% glycerol, the enzyme showed a T50 of 59.77 °C and was stable for several hours at pH 8.0 and 4 °C. Besides D-(+)-galactose, the purified enzyme also acted against D-(+)-raffinose, α-D-(+)-melibiose, and methyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, and was strongly inhibited by SDS. Although the F. subglutinans gaoA gene was successfully expressed in E. coli, its endogenous transcription was not confirmed by RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bertechini Faria
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Fausto Fernandes de Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Damaris Batistão Martim
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Agnes Lumi Abe
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ione Parra Barbosa-Tessmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Parikka K, Master E, Tenkanen M. Oxidation with galactose oxidase: Multifunctional enzymatic catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Expression, purification, and characterization of galactose oxidase of Fusarium sambucinum in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 108:73-79. [PMID: 25543085 PMCID: PMC4370742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a galactose oxidase (GalOx) was isolated from Fusarium sambucinum cultures and overexpressed in Escherichia coli yielding 4.4mg enzyme per L of growth culture with a specific activity of 159Umg(-1). By adding a C-terminal His-tag the enzyme could be easily purified with a single affinity chromatography step with high recovery rate (90%). The enzyme showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 68.5kDa. The pH optimum for the oxidation of galactose was in the range of pH 6-7.5. Optimum temperature for the enzyme activity was 35°C, with a half-life of 11.2min, 5.3min, and 2.7min for incubation at 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, respectively. From all tested substrates, the highest relative activity was found for 1-methyl-β-galactopyranoside (226Umg(-1)) and the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for melibiose (2700mM(-1)s(-1)). The enzyme was highly specific for molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor, and showed no appreciable activity with a range of alternative acceptors investigated. Different chemicals were tested for their effect on GalOx activity. The activity was significantly reduced by EDTA, NaN3, and KCN.
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Paukner R, Staudigl P, Choosri W, Sygmund C, Halada P, Haltrich D, Leitner C. Galactose oxidase from Fusarium oxysporum--expression in E. coli and P. pastoris and biochemical characterization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100116. [PMID: 24967652 PMCID: PMC4072685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene coding for galactose 6-oxidase from Fusarium oxysporum G12 was cloned together with its native preprosequence and a C-terminal His-tag, and successfully expressed both in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. The enzyme was subsequently purified and characterized. Among all tested substrates, the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was found with 1-methyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (2.2 mM−1 s−1). The Michaelis constant (Km) for D-galactose was determined to be 47 mM. Optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 7.0 and 40°C, respectively, and the enzyme was thermoinactivated at temperatures above 50°C. GalOx contains a unique metalloradical complex consisting of a copper atom and a tyrosine residue covalently attached to the sulphur of a cysteine. The correct formation of this thioether bond during the heterologous expression in E. coli and P. pastoris could be unequivocally confirmed by MALDI mass spectrometry, which offers a convenient alternative to prove this Tyr-Cys crosslink, which is essential for the catalytic activity of GalOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Paukner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Staudigl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Withu Choosri
- Department of Food Technology, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christoph Sygmund
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Leitner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Enhanced production of recombinant galactose oxidase from Fusarium graminearum in E. coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 27:1349-53. [PMID: 25187134 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The gene gaoA encoding the copper-dependent enzyme galactose oxidase (GAO) from Fusarium graminearum PH-1 was cloned and successfully overexpressed in E. coli. Culture conditions for cultivations in shaken flasks were optimized, and optimal conditions were found to be double-strength LB medium, 0.5% lactose as inducer, and induction at the reduced temperature of 25°C. When using these cultivation conditions ~24 mg of active GAO could be produced in shaken flasks per litre medium. Addition of copper to the fermentation medium decreased the enzyme production significantly. The His-tagged recombinant enzyme could be purified conveniently with a single affinity chromatography step. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 66 kDa and had kinetic properties similar to those of the fungal wild-type enzyme.
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Aparecido Cordeiro F, Bertechini Faria C, Parra Barbosa-Tessmann I. Identification of new galactose oxidase genes in Fusarium spp. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 50:527-37. [PMID: 21077113 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Galactose oxidase (GO) converts galactose to an aldehyde and has several biotechnological applications, including cancer diagnosis. It is mainly produced by Fusarium austroamericanum but is also produced by Fusarium acuminatum and by isolates of the Fusarium graminearum and Gibberella fujikuroi complexes. The F. austroamericanum GO gaoA gene has been cloned, but the GO genes from other secreting species have not been characterized. Problems associated with the F. austroamericanum GO such as high pI and low catalytic efficiency and thermostability, and the difficult purification process makes the search for homologous genes attractive. In this work, the GO genes from Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium subglutinans, two species of the G. fujikuroi complex, were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. New GO genes were found in databases and were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which revealed the existence of three orthologous lineages of GO genes in Fusarium spp. In addition, RT-PCR analyses revealed that the new GO cloned gene may be endogenously expressed in F. subglutinans but not in F. verticillioides, in the used culture conditions.
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de Biazio GR, Leite GGS, Tessmann DJ, Barbosa-Tessmann IP. A new PCR approach for the identification of Fusarium graminearum. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:554-60. [PMID: 24031265 PMCID: PMC3768439 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080003000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to develop a PCR protocol for the identification of Fusarium graminearum, based on a pair of primers targeted to a segment of the 3´coding region of the gaoA gene that codes for the enzyme galactose oxidase (GO). This region has low homology with the same region of GO genes from other fungi. Genomic DNA from 17 strains of Fusarium spp. isolated from diseased cereals, from several other Fusarium species, and from other fungi genera was analyzed in a PCR assay using this primer set. The 17 strains of Fusarium spp. were also analyzed for the GO enzyme production in submerse fermentation in a new formulated liquid medium. All strains that were morphologically and molecularly identified as F. graminearum were able to secrete the enzyme and had a positive result in the used PCR protocol. No DNA fragment was amplified using genomic DNA from other Fusarium species and species of other fungi genera. The results suggest that the proposed PCR protocol is specific and can be considered as a new molecular tool for the identification of F. graminearum. In addition, the new formulated medium is a cheap alternative for screening for GO screening production by F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dauri José Tessmann
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Alberton D, Silva de Oliveira L, Peralta RM, Barbosa-Tessmann IP. Production, purification, and characterization of a novel galactose oxidase fromFusarium acuminatum. J Basic Microbiol 2007; 47:203-12. [PMID: 17518413 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200610290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extra-cellular production of a novel galactose oxidase from Fusarium acuminatum using submerged fermentation was studied. Glucose (1.0% w/v) was used as the sole carbon source. Maximum galactose oxidase production (approximately 4.0 U/ml) was obtained when fermentation was carried out at 25 degrees C, with orbital shaking (100 rpm) and an initial medium of pH 7.0, for 96 h, using a 2% (v/v) inoculum made from a homogenized four-day-old liquid culture, in the presence of copper, manganese, and magnesium. The enzyme was purified by one-step affinity chromatography, with a recovery of 42% of the initial activity. The purified enzyme ran as a single band of 66 kDa in SDS-PAGE. Optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 8.0 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was thermoinactivated at temperatures above 60 degrees C. The purified enzyme was active toward various substrates, including galactose, dihydroxyacetone, guar gum, lactose, melibiose, methyl-galactopyranoside, and raffinose. SDS was an inhibitor but EDTA, Tween 80, NH(4)(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), K(+), and glycerol were not. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) for galactose was estimated to be 16.2 mM, while maximal velocity (V(max)) was 0.27 micromol of H(2)O(2) . ml(-1) . min(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Alberton
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Bioquímica, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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