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Sortino R, Cunquero M, Castro-Olvera G, Gelabert R, Moreno M, Riefolo F, Matera C, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Agnetta L, Decker M, Lluch JM, Hernando J, Loza-Alvarez P, Gorostiza P. Three-Photon Infrared Stimulation of Endogenous Neuroreceptors in Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311181. [PMID: 37823736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
To interrogate neural circuits and crack their codes, in vivo brain activity imaging must be combined with spatiotemporally precise stimulation in three dimensions using genetic or pharmacological specificity. This challenge requires deep penetration and focusing as provided by infrared light and multiphoton excitation, and has promoted two-photon photopharmacology and optogenetics. However, three-photon brain stimulation in vivo remains to be demonstrated. We report the regulation of neuronal activity in zebrafish larvae by three-photon excitation of a photoswitchable muscarinic agonist at 50 pM, a billion-fold lower concentration than used for uncaging, and with mid-infrared light of 1560 nm, the longest reported photoswitch wavelength. Robust, physiologically relevant photoresponses allow modulating brain activity in wild-type animals with spatiotemporal and pharmacological precision. Computational calculations predict that azobenzene-based ligands have high three-photon absorption cross-section and can be used directly with pulsed infrared light. The expansion of three-photon pharmacology will deeply impact basic neurobiology and neuromodulation phototherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Sortino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Cunquero
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Gustavo Castro-Olvera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Ricard Gelabert
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Moreno
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Current address: Teamit Institute, Partnerships, Barcelona Health Hub, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Huang Q, Garrett A, Bose S, Blocker S, Rios AC, Clevers H, Shen X. The frontier of live tissue imaging across space and time. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:603-622. [PMID: 33798422 PMCID: PMC8034393 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
What you see is what you get-imaging techniques have long been essential for visualization and understanding of tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration, which are driven by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Advances in molecular and tissue modeling techniques in the last decade are providing new imaging modalities to explore tissue heterogeneity and plasticity. Here we describe current state-of-the-art imaging modalities for tissue research at multiple scales, with a focus on explaining key tradeoffs such as spatial resolution, penetration depth, capture time/frequency, and moieties. We explore emerging tissue modeling and molecular tools that improve resolution, specificity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aliesha Garrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephanie Blocker
- Center for In Vitro Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Gries CM, Rivas Z, Chen J, Lo DD. Intravital Multiphoton Examination of Implant-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:574092. [PMID: 33178628 PMCID: PMC7593243 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.574092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections associated with implanted medical devices represents a healthcare crisis due to their persistence, antibiotic tolerance, and immune avoidance. Indwelling devices are rapidly coated with host plasma and extracellular matrix proteins which can then be exploited by bacterial pathogens for adherence and subsequent biofilm development. Our understanding of the host-pathogen interface that determines the fate of biofilm-mediated infections is limited to the experimental models employed by laboratories studying these organisms. Current in vivo models of biofilm-mediated infection, while certainly useful, are typically limited to end-point analyses of bacterial burden enumeration, immune cell profiling, and cytokine/chemokine analysis. Thus, with these models, the complex, real-time assessment of biofilm development and innate immune cell activity remains imperceptible. Here, we describe a novel murine biofilm infection model employing time-lapse intravital multiphoton microscopy which permits concurrent and real-time visualization of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and immune cell activity. Using cell tracking, we found that S. aureus biofilms impede neutrophil chemotaxis, redirecting their migration patterns to prevent biofilm invasion. This approach is the first to directly examine device-associated biofilm development and host-pathogen interactions and will serve to both further our understanding of infection development and help reveal the effects of future antibiofilm treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Gries
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Zuivanna Rivas
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Justin Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - David D Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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A Cinematic View of Tissue Microbiology in the Live Infected Host. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7. [PMID: 31152520 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0007-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microbiology allows for the study of bacterial infection in the most clinically relevant microenvironment, the living host. Advancements in techniques and technology have facilitated the development of novel ways of studying infection. Many of these advancements have come from outside the field of microbiology. In this article, we outline the progression from bacteriology through cellular microbiology to tissue microbiology, highlighting seminal studies along the way. We outline the enormous potential but also some of the challenges of the tissue microbiology approach. We focus on the role of emerging technologies in the continual development of infectious disease research and highlight future possibilities in our ongoing quest to understand host-pathogen interaction.
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Hoffmann AB, Mazelier M, Léger P, Lozach PY. Deciphering Virus Entry with Fluorescently Labeled Viral Particles. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1836:159-183. [PMID: 30151573 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8678-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
To infect host cells, viruses have to gain access to the intracellular compartment. The infection process starts with the attachment of viruses to the cell surface. Then a complex series of events, highly dynamic, tightly intricate, and often hard to investigate, follows. This includes virus displacement at the plasma membrane, binding to receptors, signaling, internalization, and release of the viral genome and material into the cytosol. In the past decades, the emergence of sensitive, accurate fluorescence-based technologies has opened new perspectives of investigations in the field. Visualization of single viral particles in fixed and living cells as well as quantification of each virus entry step has been made possible. Here we describe the procedure to fluorescently label viral particles. We also illustrate how to use this powerful tool to decipher the entry of viruses with the most recent fluorescence-based techniques such as high-speed confocal and total internal reflection microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja B Hoffmann
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magalie Mazelier
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Psylvia Léger
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Microscopy in Infectious Disease Research-Imaging Across Scales. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2612-2625. [PMID: 29908150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions requires quantitative assessment of molecular events across a wide range of spatiotemporal scales and organizational complexities. Due to recent technical developments, this is currently only achievable with microscopy. This article is providing a general perspective on the importance of microscopy in infectious disease research, with a focus on new imaging modalities that promise to have a major impact in biomedical research in the years to come. Every major technological breakthrough in light microscopy depends on, and is supported by, advancements in computing and information technologies. Bioimage acquisition and analysis based on machine learning will pave the way toward more robust, automated and objective implementation of new imaging modalities and in biomedical research in general. The combination of novel imaging technologies with machine learning and near-physiological model systems promises to accelerate discoveries and breakthroughs in our understanding of infectious diseases, from basic research all the way to clinical applications.
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Fackler OT, Kräusslich HG. Integrative analysis of pathogen replication and spread: zooming into increasing complexity. FEBS Lett 2017; 590:1855-7. [PMID: 27405923 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
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