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Miranda MP, Fitches EC, Sukiran NA, Eduardo WI, Garcia RB, Jaciani FJ, Readshaw JJ, Bell J, Peña L. Spider venom neurotoxin based bioinsecticides: A novel bioactive for the control of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera). Toxicon 2024; 239:107616. [PMID: 38218384 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a key vector of the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious and currently incurable disease of citrus worldwide. Here we report the first investigation into the potential use of a spider venom-derived recombinant neurotoxin, ω/κ-HxTx-Hv1h (hereafter HxTx-Hv1h) when delivered alone or when fused to snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) to control D. citri. Proteins, including GNA alone, were purified from fermented transformed yeast Pichia pastoris cultures. Recombinant HxTx-Hv1h, HxTx-Hv1h/GNA and GNA were all orally toxic to D. citri, with Day 5 median lethal concentrations (LC50) derived from dose-response artificial diet assays of 27, 20 and 52 μM, respectively. Western analysis of whole insect protein extracts confirmed that psyllid mortality was attributable to protein ingestion and that the fusion protein was stable to cleavage by D. citri proteases. When applied topically (either via droplet or spray) HxTx-Hv1h/GNA was the most effective of the proteins causing >70 % mortality 5 days post treatment, some 2 to 3-fold higher levels of mortality as compared to the toxin alone. By contrast, no significant mortality or phenotypic effects were observed for bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.) fed on the recombinant proteins in acute toxicity assays. This suggests that HxTx-Hv1h/GNA has potential as a novel bioinsecticide for the management of D. citri offering both enhanced target specificity as compared to chemical pesticides and compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo P Miranda
- Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Research and Development, Avenida Dr. Adhemar Pereira de Barros, 201, 14807- 040, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Fitches
- School of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
| | - Nur Afiqah Sukiran
- School of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Wellington I Eduardo
- Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Research and Development, Avenida Dr. Adhemar Pereira de Barros, 201, 14807- 040, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Garcia
- Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Research and Development, Avenida Dr. Adhemar Pereira de Barros, 201, 14807- 040, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabrício J Jaciani
- Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Research and Development, Avenida Dr. Adhemar Pereira de Barros, 201, 14807- 040, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jennifer J Readshaw
- School of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Bell
- School of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Leandro Peña
- Instituto de Biologıa Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMCP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
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Xiao X, Luo X, Huang C, Feng X, Wu M, Lu M, Kuang J, Peng S, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Zhou X, Chen M, Liu Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals the peptide toxins diversity of Macrothele palpator venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126577. [PMID: 37648132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Spider venom is a large pharmacological repertoire of different bioactive peptide toxins. However, obtaining crude venom from some spiders is challenging. Thus, studying individual toxins through venom purification is a daunting task. In this study, we constructed the cDNA library and transcriptomic sequencing from the Macrothele palpator venom glands. Subsequently, 718 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified, and grouped into three categories, including 449 toxin-like (62.53 %), 136 cellular component (18.94 %) and 133 non-matched (18.52 %) based on the gene function annotation. Additionally, 112 non-redundant toxin-like peptides were classified into 13 families (families A-M) based on their sequence homology and cysteine framework. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a high sequence similarity between families A-J and the toxins from Macrothele gigas in the NR database. In contrast, families K-M had a generally low sequence homology with known spider peptide toxins and unpredictable biological functions. Taken together, this study adds many new members to the spider toxin superfamily and provides a basis for identifying various potential biological tools in M. palpator venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Cuiling Huang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xujun Feng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Meijing Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Minjuan Lu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jiating Kuang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Siyi Peng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yingmei Guo
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhaotun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua College, Huaihua, Hunan 418008, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Minzhi Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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3
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Raisch T, Raunser S. The modes of action of ion-channel-targeting neurotoxic insecticides: lessons from structural biology. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1411-1427. [PMID: 37845413 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are indispensable tools for plant protection in modern agriculture. Despite having highly heterogeneous structures, many neurotoxic insecticides use similar principles to inhibit or deregulate neuronal ion channels. Insecticides targeting pentameric ligand-gated channels are structural mimetics of neurotransmitters or manipulate and deregulate the proteins. Those binding to (pseudo-)tetrameric voltage-gated(-like) channels, on the other hand, are natural or synthetic compounds that directly block the ion-conducting pore or prevent conformational changes in the transmembrane domain necessary for opening and closing the pore. The use of a limited number of inhibition mechanisms can be problematic when resistances arise and become more widespread. Therefore, there is a rising interest in the development of insecticides with novel mechanisms that evade resistance and are pest-insect-specific. During the last decade, most known insecticide targets, many with bound compounds, have been structurally characterized, bringing the rational design of novel classes of agrochemicals within closer reach than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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Xue Q, Swevers L, Taning CNT. Drosophila X virus-like particles as delivery carriers for improved oral insecticidal efficacy of scorpion Androctonus australis peptide against the invasive fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. INSECT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 37681406 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect-specific neurotoxic peptides derived from the venoms of scorpions and spiders can cause acute paralysis and death when injected into insects, offering a promising insecticidal component for insect pest control. However, effective delivery systems are required to help neurotoxic peptides pass through the gut barrier into the hemolymph, where they can act. Here, we investigated the potential of a novel nanocarrier, Drosophila X virus-like particle (DXV-VLP), for delivering a neurotoxin from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (AaIT) against the invasive pest fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. Our results show that the fusion proteins of DXV polyproteins with AaIT peptide at their C-termini could be sufficiently produced in Lepidoptera Hi5 cells in a soluble form using the recombinant baculovirus expression system, and could self-assemble into VLPs with similar particle morphology and size to authentic DXV virions. In addition, the AaIT peptides displayed on DXV-VLPs retained their toxicity, as demonstrated in injection bioassays that resulted in severe mortality (72%) in adults after 72 h. When fed to adults, mild mortality was observed in the group treated with DXV-AaIT (38%), while no mortality occurred in the group treated with AaIT peptide, thus indicating the significant role of DXV-VLPs in delivering AaIT peptides. Overall, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates for the first time that VLPs can be exploited to enhance oral delivery of insect-specific neurotoxic peptides in the context of pest control. Moreover, it provides insights for further improvements and potentially the development of neurotoxin-based bioinsecticides and/or transgenic crops for insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Ho TNT, Turner A, Pham SH, Nguyen HT, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen LT, Dang TT. Cysteine-rich peptides: From bioactivity to bioinsecticide applications. Toxicon 2023; 230:107173. [PMID: 37211058 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Greater levels of insect resistance and constraints on the use of current pesticides have recently led to increased crop losses in agricultural production. Further, the health and environmental impacts of pesticides now restrict their application. Biologics based on peptides are gaining popularity as efficient crop protection agents with low environmental toxicity. Cysteine-rich peptides (whether originated from venoms or plant defense substances) are chemically stable and effective as insecticides in agricultural applications. Cysteine-rich peptides fulfill the stability and efficacy requirements for commercial uses and provide an environmentally benign alternative to small-molecule insecticides. In this article, cysteine-rich insecticidal peptide classes identified from plants and venoms will be highlighted, focusing on their structural stability, bioactivity and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao N T Ho
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - A Turner
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas, 100 E 24th St. Austin, USA
| | - Son H Pham
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Department of Energy Materials, Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Linh T T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 an Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Luan T Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Department of Energy Materials, Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tien T Dang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Bloomquist JR, Coquerel QRR, Hulbert D, Norris ER. Neurophysiological action of centrally-acting spider toxin polypeptides derived from Hadronyche versuta and Tegenaria agrestis venoms. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105416. [PMID: 37105624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Established dogma concerning the action of insecticidal arthropod-derived peptides (e.g., scorpion toxins), was that they acted on the peripheral nervous system and were excluded from the central nervous system (CNS) by barrier systems. Initial evidence for a CNS-directed toxicological effect following parenteral administration was for a novel peptide from the Hobo spider, Tegeneria agrestis. This toxin was inactive on peripheral sensory and motor nerves, but had a potent excitatory effect on the CNS of larval Musca domestica. Recently, a commercialized formulation of GS-omega/kappa-Hxtx-Hv1a (HXTX), derived from the venom of the Australian blue mountain funnel web spider (Hadronyche versuta) was introduced for use in agriculture by Vestaron Corp. Its primary mode of action was found to be central neuroexcitation via positive allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR) of cockroach neurons. In the present study, this peptide showed hyperexcitation followed by a decrease in firing of the Drosophila melanogaster larval CNS that was prevented by co-exposure to 100 nM α-bungarotoxin (α-BGTX), a classical nAchR noncompetitive antagonist. This effect was mirrored in isobologram analysis, which showed clear antagonism between the two toxins when injected into adult houseflies. Interestingly, U1-agatoxin-Ta1b-QA derived from Tegeneria agrestis (VST-7304) had a similar biphasic action, but showed increased nerve discharge when co-exposed with 100 nM α-BGTX, and had additive effects when injected together with α-BGTX in isobologram analyses. Binary mixtures of HXTX or VST-7304 with 30 nM nicotine showed clear evidence of synergized nerve block, which was also observed for mixtures of HXTX and VST-7304. Taken together, these data suggest that HXTX and VST-7304 have somewhat different and complementary modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Bloomquist
- Entomology & Nematology Department, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100009, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Q R R Coquerel
- Entomology & Nematology Department, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100009, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - D Hulbert
- Vestaron Corp., 4717 Campus Dr., Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
| | - E R Norris
- Entomology & Nematology Department, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100009, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; USDA/ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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7
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Sparks TC, Sparks JM, Duke SO. Natural Product-Based Crop Protection Compounds─Origins and Future Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2259-2269. [PMID: 36693160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The continuing need to protect food and fiber production to address the demands of an expanding global population requires new pest management tools for crop protection. Natural products (NPs) have been and continue to be a key source of inspiration for new active ingredients (AIs) for crop protection, accounting for 17% of all crop protection AIs. However, potentially 50% of all crop protection compounds have or could have a NP origin if NP synthetic equivalents (NPSEs, synthetic compounds discovered by other approaches but for which a NP model also happens to exist) are also considered. The real and hypothetical NPs have their greatest impact as insight for new classes of crop protection compounds. Among the different product areas, NPs have their largest influence on the discovery of new insecticides, while herbicides have been the least affected by mining NPs for new AIs. While plants have historically been the largest (60% of the total) source of NPs of AIs for crop protection, in the last 30 years, bacterial NPs have become the largest source (42% of the total) of new classes (first in class) of NP-inspired crop protection AIs. Interest in NPs for crop protection continues, an aspect that is highlighted by the notable rise in the numbers of publications and patents on this topic, especially in the last 20 years. The present analysis further illustrates the continuing interest and value in NPs as sources of and inspiration for new classes of crop protection compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine M Sparks
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, United States
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Sukiran NA, Pyati P, Willis CE, Brown AP, Readshaw JJ, Fitches EC. Enhancing the oral and topical insecticidal efficacy of a commercialized spider venom peptide biopesticide via fusion to the carrier snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:284-294. [PMID: 36161468 PMCID: PMC10091797 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spear®-T sold as a contact foliar spray for the control of glasshouse pests such as aphids, thrips, spider mites and whiteflies, contains the recombinant spider venom peptide GS-ω/κ-HxTx-Hv1h (named as GS-ω/κ-HxTx-Hv1a by Vestaron) as the active ingredient. Here we investigate whether fusion of the peptide to snowdrop lectin, (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) enhances the efficacy of this venom peptide towards aphid pests. RESULTS Recombinant GS-ω/κ-HxTx-Hv1h (HxTx-Hv1h) and an HxTx-Hv1h/GNA fusion protein were produced using the yeast Pichia pastoris. Purified proteins showed comparable toxicity when injected into lepidopteran (Mamestra brassicae) larvae, but significant differences in oral and contact activity towards aphids. HxTx-Hv1h had comparable acute oral toxicity to pea (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and peach potato (Myzus persicae) aphids with respective Day (2) median lethal concentration (LC50 ) values of 111 and 108 μm derived from diet assays. The fusion protein also showed comparable oral toxicity to both species but D2 LC50 values were >3-fold lower (35 and 33 μm for pea and peach potato aphids, respectively) as compared to HxTx-Hv1h. Topically applied toxin and fusion protein, but not GNA, caused significant reductions in pea aphid survival. Contact effects on mortality were significantly greater for aphids exposed to fusion protein as compared to toxin alone. Whole aphid fluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting suggest that improved efficacy is due to enhanced persistence of HxTx-Hv1h when fused to GNA following internalisation of ingested or topically applied proteins. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report on the insecticidal activity of HxTx-Hv1h towards aphids and results suggest that a fusion protein-based approach offers opportunities to significantly enhance oral and contact efficacy of naturally derived toxins, such as HxTx-Hv1h, towards crop pests. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prashant Pyati
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
- Ajeet Seeds Pvt. Ltd.Plant Biotechnology Research CentreAurangabadIndia
| | - Caitlin E Willis
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
- Biointeractions & Crop Protection DepartmentRothamstead ResearchHarpendenUK
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Kasheverov IE, Logashina YA, Kornilov FD, Lushpa VA, Maleeva EE, Korolkova YV, Yu J, Zhu X, Zhangsun D, Luo S, Stensvåg K, Kudryavtsev DS, Mineev KS, Andreev YA. Peptides from the Sea Anemone Metridium senile with Modified Inhibitor Cystine Knot (ICK) Fold Inhibit Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 36668848 PMCID: PMC9866706 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and other organs of living creatures. There are several subtypes of nAChRs, and almost all of them are considered as pharmacological targets in different pathological states. The crude venom of the sea anemone Metridium senile showed the ability to interact with nAChRs. Four novel peptides (Ms11a-1-Ms11a-4) with nAChR binding activity were isolated. These peptides stabilized by three disulfide bridges have no noticeable homology with any known peptides. Ms11a-1-Ms11a-4 showed different binding activity towards the muscle-type nAChR from the Torpedo californica ray. The study of functional activity and selectivity for the most potent peptide (Ms11a-3) revealed the highest antagonism towards the heterologous rat α9α10 nAChR compared to the muscle and α7 receptors. Structural NMR analysis of two toxins (Ms11a-2 and Ms11a-3) showed that they belong to a new variant of the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold but have a prolonged loop between the fifth and sixth cysteine residues. Peptides Ms11a-1-Ms11a-4 could represent new pharmacological tools since they have structures different from other known nAChRs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E. Kasheverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Logashina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor D. Kornilov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Vladislav A. Lushpa
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Maleeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Korolkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jinpeng Yu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | | | - Sulan Luo
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Klara Stensvåg
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, NO 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Denis S. Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Blythe J, Earley FGP, Piekarska-Hack K, Firth L, Bristow J, Hirst EA, Goodchild JA, Hillesheim E, Crossthwaite AJ. The mode of action of isocycloseram: A novel isoxazoline insecticide. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105217. [PMID: 36127059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Isocycloseram is a novel isoxazoline insecticide and acaricide with activity against lepidopteran, hemipteran, coleopteran, thysanopteran and dipteran pest species. Isocycloseram selectively targets the invertebrate Rdl GABA receptor at a site that is distinct to fiproles and organochlorines. The widely distributed cyclodiene resistance mutation, A301S, does not affect sensitivity to isocycloseram, either in vitro or in vivo, demonstrating the suitability of isocylsoseram to control pest infestations with this resistance mechanism. Detailed studies demonstrated that the binding sites relevant to the insecticidal activity of avermectins and isocycloseram are distinct. Isocycloseram was shown to compete for binding with metadiamide insecticides related to broflanilide. In addition, a G335M mutation in the third transmembrane domain of the Rdl GABA receptor, impaired the ability of both isocycloseram and metadiamides to block the GABA mediated response. As such the Insecticides Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) has classified isocycloseram in Group 30 "GABA-Gated Chloride Channel Allosteric Modulators".
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Blythe
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Fergus G P Earley
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska-Hack
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Lucy Firth
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Julia Bristow
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Hirst
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - James A Goodchild
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Elke Hillesheim
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Research Biology, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Crossthwaite
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
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11
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Korona D, Dirnberger B, Giachello CNG, Queiroz RML, Popovic R, Müller KH, Minde DP, Deery MJ, Johnson G, Firth LC, Earley FG, Russell S, Lilley KS. Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and their native interactions with insecticidal peptide toxins. eLife 2022; 11:74322. [PMID: 35575460 PMCID: PMC9110030 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that represent a target for insecticides. Peptide neurotoxins are known to block nAChRs by binding to their target subunits, however, a better understanding of this mechanism is needed for effective insecticide design. To facilitate the analysis of nAChRs we used a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to generate null alleles for all ten nAChR subunit genes in a common genetic background. We studied interactions of nAChR subunits with peptide neurotoxins by larval injections and styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) pull-down assays. For the null alleles, we determined the effects of α-Bungarotoxin (α-Btx) and ω-Hexatoxin-Hv1a (Hv1a) administration, identifying potential receptor subunits implicated in the binding of these toxins. We employed pull-down assays to confirm α-Btx interactions with the Drosophila α5 (Dα5), Dα6, Dα7 subunits. Finally, we report the localisation of fluorescent tagged endogenous Dα6 during Drosophila CNS development. Taken together, this study elucidates native Drosophila nAChR subunit interactions with insecticidal peptide toxins and provides a resource for the in vivo analysis of insect nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Korona
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict Dirnberger
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo N G Giachello
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Rayner M L Queiroz
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeka Popovic
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karin H Müller
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience/Anatomy Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David-Paul Minde
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Glynnis Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C Firth
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus G Earley
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Russell
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Cens T, Chavanieu A, Bertaud A, Mokrane N, Estaran S, Roussel J, Ménard C, De Jesus Ferreira M, Guiramand J, Thibaud J, Cohen‐Solal C, Rousset M, Rolland V, Vignes M, Charnet P. Molecular Targets of Neurotoxic Insecticides in
Apis mellifera. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Cens
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Alain Chavanieu
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Anaïs Bertaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Nawfel Mokrane
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Estaran
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Julien Roussel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Claudine Ménard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | | | - Janique Guiramand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Thibaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Catherine Cohen‐Solal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Valérie Rolland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Michel Vignes
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Charnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
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13
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Mannes M, Martin C, Menet C, Ballet S. Wandering beyond small molecules: peptides as allosteric protein modulators. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:406-423. [PMID: 34857409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the rise of allosteric modulation as an innovative approach for drug design and discovery, efforts which culminated in the development of several clinical candidates. Allosteric modulation of many drug targets, including mainly membrane-embedded receptors, have been vastly explored through small molecule screening campaigns, but much less attention has been paid to peptide-based allosteric modulators. However, peptides have a significant impact on the pharmaceutical industry due to the typically higher potency and selectivity for their targets, as compared with small molecule therapeutics. Therefore, peptides represent one of the most promising classes of molecules that can modulate key biological pathways. Here, we report on the allosteric modulation of proteins (ranging from G protein-coupled receptors to specific protein-protein interactions) by peptides for applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mannes
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Christel Menet
- Confo Therapeutics N.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 30, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Ihara M. Ligand-gated ion channels as targets of neuroactive insecticides. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:157-164. [PMID: 34849545 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (Cys-loop receptors) is one of the most ubiquitous ion channel families in vertebrates and invertebrates. Despite their ubiquity, they are targeted by several classes of pesticides, including neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazols, and macrolides such as ivermectins. The current commercialized compounds have high target site selectivity, which contributes to the safety of insecticide use. Structural analyses have accelerated progress in this field; notably, the X-ray crystal structures of acetylcholine binding protein and glutamate-gated Cl channels revealed the details of the molecular interactions between insecticides and their targets. Recently, the functional expression of the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been described, and detailed evaluations using the insect nAChR have emerged. This review discusses the basic concepts and the current insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuroactive insecticides targeting the ligand-gated ion channels, particularly Cys-loop receptors, and presents insights into target-based selectivity, resistance, and future drug design.
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15
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Pereira AE, Huynh MP, Carlson AR, Haase A, Kennedy RM, Shelby KS, Coudron TA, Hibbard BE. Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of the Bioinsecticide Spear and Cry3Bb1 Protein Against Susceptible and Resistant Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2220-2228. [PMID: 34453170 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), poses a serious threat to maize (Zea mays L.) growers in the U.S. Corn Belt. Transgenic corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner is the major management tactic along with crop rotation. Bt crops targeting WCR populations have been widely planted throughout the Corn Belt. Rootworms have developed resistance to nearly all management strategies including Bt corn. Therefore, there is a need for new products that are not cross-resistant with the current Bt proteins. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of WCR strains resistant and susceptible to Cry3Bb1 to the biological insecticide Spear-T (GS-omega/kappa-Hexatoxin-Hv1a) alone and combined with Cry3Bb1 protein. The activity of Hv1a alone was similar between Cry3Bb1-resistant and susceptible strains (LC50s = 0.95 mg/cm2 and 1.50 mg/cm2, respectively), suggesting that there is no cross-resistance with Cry3Bb1 protein. Effective concentration (EC50), molt inhibition concentration (MIC50), and inhibition concentration (IC50) values of Hv1a alone were also similar between both strains, based on non-overlapping confidence intervals. Increased mortality (64%) was observed on resistant larvae exposed to Hv1a (0.6 mg/cm2) + Cry3Bb1 protein (170.8 µg/cm2) compared to 0% mortality when exposed to Cry3Bb1 alone and 34% mortality to Hv1a alone (0.3 mg/cm2). The time of larval death was not significantly different between Hv1a alone (3.79 mg/cm2) and Hv1a (0.6 mg/cm2) + Cry3Bb1 (170.8 µg/cm2). New control strategies that are not cross-resistant with current insecticides and Bt proteins are needed to better manage the WCR, and Hv1a together with Cry3Bb1 may fit this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano E Pereira
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Man P Huynh
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kent S Shelby
- Biological Control of Insect Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas A Coudron
- Biological Control of Insect Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO, USA
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16
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Sparks TC, Bryant RJ. East meets west: regional impact on agrochemical discovery and innovation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4211-4223. [PMID: 33821560 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficient production of the food needed to nourish an expanding global population continues to fuel the demand for new crop protection compounds. This task is made all the more difficult by the need to meet increasingly demanding grower, consumer and regulatory constraints. The discovery and development of new synthetic organic crop protection compounds has been largely the responsibility of the agrochemical industry in Europe, Japan and the USA, with government-funded academic research often playing a crucial role in the early stages of the invention and testing of novel activity. The way in which this process takes place has undergone a dramatic evolution over the past 75 years. Drastic consolidation and globalization among the research and development (R&D)-based companies in these regions have characterized these changes. This evolution in the agrochemical industry has, in turn, shaped the rate of introduction and geographic origin of new crop protection compounds. In spite of these changes, the rate of invention of new classes of crop protection compounds has remained relatively constant. During the past 30 years, the forefront of new compound introductions has moved towards Asia, and Japan in particular. Although there are now more agrochemical companies in Japan involved in the discovery and development of new crop protection compounds than in Europe and the USA combined, on a compound-per-company basis, US companies currently generate the highest output. However, it is expected that there will continue to be changes in the numbers and origins of new crop protection compounds, with contributions continuing from Europe, Japan and the USA, and increasingly from China. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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17
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Salgado VL. Selective actions of insecticides on desensitizing and non-desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cockroach (Periplaneta americana) neurons. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3663-3672. [PMID: 33821538 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChD) receptors are desensitized by low concentrations of agonists, including neonicotinoid insecticides, but are essentially insensitive to spinosyns, while non-desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChN) receptors are selectively activated by spinosyns and relatively insensitive to neonicotinoids. RESULTS The single-electrode voltage-clamp technique was used to measure the actions of newer nicotinic insecticides dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor, triflumezopyrim, spinetoram and GS-ω/k-hexatoxin-Hv1a on cockroach neuronal nAChD and nAChN currents. Like imidacloprid and clothianidin, newer orthosteric nicotinic agonist insecticides dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor act by desensitizing nAChD receptors. The mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim selectively inhibited nAChD current with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 1.2 nmol L-1 , with no activation. Unlike other Group 4 insecticides, it did not activate nAChN current, but inhibited it with an IC50 of 3.8 μmol L-1 , indicating that the compound is a true antagonist. Spinosad and the spinosyn-derived insecticide spinetoram potently and selectively activated nAChN receptors. GS-ω/k-hexatoxin-Hv1a had no effect on nAChN currents and it had a complex action on nAChD currents, inhibiting at sub-nanomolar concentrations and causing some activation and enhancement of ACh-evoked currents at 30 nmol L-1 and above. Some cells express GS-ω/k-hexatoxin-Hv1a-resistant nAChD receptors. CONCLUSIONS Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators (IRAC Group 4) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, site II (hexatoxins, IRAC Group 32) are selective for nAChD receptors, while nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, site I (spinosyns, IRAC Group 5) are selective for nAChN receptors. It is proposed that IRAC Groups 5 and 32 be re-named non-desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators and desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, respectively. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Salgado
- BASF Corp, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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18
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Bell J, Sukiran NA, Walsh S, Fitches EC. The insecticidal activity of recombinant nemertide toxin α-1 from Lineus longissimus towards pests and beneficial species. Toxicon 2021; 197:79-86. [PMID: 33852905 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The nemertide toxins from the phylum Nemertea are a little researched family of neurotoxins with potential for development as biopesticides. Here we report the recombinant production of nemertide α-1 (α-1), a 65-residue inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptide from Lineus longissimus, known to target insect voltage-gated sodium channels. The insecticidal activity of α-1 was assessed and compared with the well characterised ICK venom peptide, ω-atracotoxin/hexatoxin-Hv1a (Hv1a). α-1 elicited potent spastic paralysis when injected into cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) larvae; conferring an ED50 3.90 μg/larva (10.30 nmol/g larva), followed by mortality (60% within 48 h after 10 μg injection). By comparison, injection of M. brassicae larvae with recombinant Hv1a produced short-lived flaccid paralysis with an ED50 over 6 times greater than that of α-1 at 26.20 μg/larva (64.70 nmol/g larva). Oral toxicity of α-1 was demonstrated against two aphid species (Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum), with respective LC50 values of 0.35 and 0.14 mg/mL, some 6-fold lower than those derived for recombinant Hv1a. When delivered orally to M. brassicae larvae, α-1 caused both paralysis (ED50 11.93 μg/larva, 31.5 nmol/g larva) and mortality. This contrasts with the lack of oral activity of Hv1a, which when fed to M. brassicae larvae had no effect on feeding or survival. Hv1a has previously been shown to be non-toxic by injection to the beneficial honeybee (Apis mellifera). By contrast, rapid paralysis and 100% mortality was observed following injection of α-1 (31.6 nmol/g insect). These results demonstrate the great potential of naturally occurring non-venomous peptides, such as α-1, for development as novel effective biopesticides, but equally highlights the importance of understanding the phyletic specificity of a given toxin at an early stage in the quest to discover and develop safe and sustainable pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Bell
- Durham University, Department of Biosciences, Stockton Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Nur Afiqah Sukiran
- Durham University, Department of Biosciences, Stockton Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Stephen Walsh
- Durham University, Department of Biosciences, Stockton Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Elaine C Fitches
- Durham University, Department of Biosciences, Stockton Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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19
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Sparks TC, Crossthwaite AJ, Nauen R, Banba S, Cordova D, Earley F, Ebbinghaus-Kintscher U, Fujioka S, Hirao A, Karmon D, Kennedy R, Nakao T, Popham HJR, Salgado V, Watson GB, Wedel BJ, Wessels FJ. Insecticides, biologics and nematicides: Updates to IRAC's mode of action classification - a tool for resistance management. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 167:104587. [PMID: 32527435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance has been and continues to be a significant problem for invertebrate pest control. As such, effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) is critical to maintain the efficacy of current and future insecticides. A technical group within CropLife International, the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) was established 35 years ago (1984) as an international association of crop protection companies that today spans the globe. IRAC's focus is on preserving the long-term utility of insect, mite, and most recently nematode control products through effective resistance management to promote sustainable agriculture and improved public health. A central task of IRAC has been the continual development and documentation of the Mode of Action (MoA) Classification scheme, which serves as an important tool for implementing IRM strategies focused on compound rotation / alternations. Updates to the IRAC MoA Classification scheme provide the latest information on the MoA of current and new insecticides and acaricides, and now includes information on biologics and nematicides. Details for these new changes and additions are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Sparks
- Corteva Agriscience, Discovery Research, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Andrew J Crossthwaite
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred-Nobel Str. 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Shinichi Banba
- Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc., Agrochemical Research Center, Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | - Daniel Cordova
- FMC Agricultural Solutions, Stine Research Center, 1090 Elkton Rd., Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Fergus Earley
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | | | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Nihon Nohyaku Co. Ltd., Research Center, Research Division, 345 Oyamada-cho, Kawachinagano, Osaka 586-0094, Japan
| | - Ayako Hirao
- Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., AgroSolutions Division-International, Tokyo Sumitomo Twin Bldg., East 27-1 Shinkawa 2- Chome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danny Karmon
- Adama Agricultural Solutions, Airport City, Golan Street, 7015103, Israel
| | - Robert Kennedy
- Vestaron, 4717 Campus Dr, Suite 1200, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Toshifumi Nakao
- Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc., Agrochemical Research Center, Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | | | - Vincent Salgado
- BASF Corporation, Agricultural Solutions, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Gerald B Watson
- Corteva Agriscience, Discovery Research, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Barbara J Wedel
- BASF Corporation, Agricultural Solutions, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Frank J Wessels
- Corteva Agriscience, Discovery Research, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
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20
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Zdenek CN, Harris RJ, Kuruppu S, Youngman NJ, Dobson JS, Debono J, Khan M, Smith I, Yarski M, Harrich D, Sweeney C, Dunstan N, Allen L, Fry BG. A Taxon-Specific and High-Throughput Method for Measuring Ligand Binding to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100600. [PMID: 31623073 PMCID: PMC6832995 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of compounds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is of great interest in biomedical research. However, progress in this area is hampered by the lack of a high-throughput, cost-effective, and taxonomically flexible platform. Current methods are low-throughput, consume large quantities of sample, or are taxonomically limited in which targets can be tested. We describe a novel assay which utilizes a label-free bio-layer interferometry technology, in combination with adapted mimotope peptides, in order to measure ligand binding to the orthosteric site of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunits of diverse organisms. We validated the method by testing the evolutionary patterns of a generalist feeding species (Acanthophis antarcticus), a fish specialist species (Aipysurus laevis), and a snake specialist species (Ophiophagus hannah) for comparative binding to the orthosteric site of fish, amphibian, lizard, snake, bird, marsupial, and rodent alpha-1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Binding patterns corresponded with diet, with the Acanthophis antarcticus not showing bias towards any particular lineage, while Aipysurus laevis showed selectivity for fish, and Ophiophagus hannah a selectivity for snake. To validate the biodiscovery potential of this method, we screened Acanthophis antarcticus and Tropidolaemus wagleri venom for binding to human alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3, alpha-4, alpha-5, alpha-6, alpha-7, alpha-9, and alpha-10. While A. antarcticus was broadly potent, T. wagleri showed very strong but selective binding, specifically to the alpha-1 target which would be evolutionarily selected for, as well as the alpha-5 target which is of major interest for drug design and development. Thus, we have shown that our novel method is broadly applicable for studies including evolutionary patterns of venom diversification, predicting potential neurotoxic effects in human envenomed patients, and searches for novel ligands of interest for laboratory tools and in drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N. Zdenek
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.N.Z.); (R.J.H.); (N.J.Y.); (J.S.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Richard J. Harris
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.N.Z.); (R.J.H.); (N.J.Y.); (J.S.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Nicholas J. Youngman
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.N.Z.); (R.J.H.); (N.J.Y.); (J.S.D.); (J.D.)
| | - James S. Dobson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.N.Z.); (R.J.H.); (N.J.Y.); (J.S.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Jordan Debono
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.N.Z.); (R.J.H.); (N.J.Y.); (J.S.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Muzaffar Khan
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University (IBL), Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Mike Yarski
- Millennium Science, 4 Miles Street Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia;
| | - David Harrich
- QIMR Berghofer, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia;
| | - Charlotte Sweeney
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Nathan Dunstan
- Venom Supplies Pty Ltd., Stonewell Rd, Tanunda, SA 5352, (L.A.)
| | - Luke Allen
- Venom Supplies Pty Ltd., Stonewell Rd, Tanunda, SA 5352, (L.A.)
| | - Bryan G. Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.N.Z.); (R.J.H.); (N.J.Y.); (J.S.D.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-336-58515
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