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Du M, Sun L, Guo J, Lv H. Macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages in the senescent microenvironment: From immunosuppressive TME to targeted tumor therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107198. [PMID: 38692466 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In-depth studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have helped to elucidate its cancer-promoting mechanisms and inherent characteristics. Cellular senescence, which acts as a response to injury and can the release of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). These SASPs release various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, remodeling the TME. This continual development of a senescent environment could be associated with chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME. Additionally, SASPs could influence the phenotype and function of macrophages, leading to the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This contributes to tumor proliferation and metastasis in the senescent microenvironment, working in tandem with immune regulation, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. This comprehensive review covers the evolving nature of the senescent microenvironment, macrophages, and TAMs in tumor development. We also explored the links between chronic inflammation, immunosuppressive TME, cellular senescence, and macrophages. Moreover, we compiled various tumor-specific treatment strategies centered on cellular senescence and the current challenges in cellular senescence research. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of macrophages and the senescent microenvironment in tumor progression and advance the development of targeted tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Huina Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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2
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Jiang B, Zhang W, Zhang X, Sun Y. Targeting senescent cells to reshape the tumor microenvironment and improve anticancer efficacy. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 101:S1044-579X(24)00036-1. [PMID: 38810814 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is daunting pathology with remarkable breadth and scope, spanning genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metalobomics and cell biology. Cellular senescence represents a stress-induced and essentially irreversible cell fate associated with aging and various age-related diseases, including malignancies. Senescent cells are characterized of morphologic alterations and metabolic reprogramming, and develop a highly active secretome termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Since the first discovery, senescence has been understood as an important barrier to tumor progression, as its induction in pre-neoplastic cells limits carcinogenesis. Paradoxically, senescent cells arising in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to tumor progression, including augmented therapeutic resistance. In this article, we define typical forms of senescent cells commonly observed within the TME and how senescent cells functionally remodel their surrounding niche, affect immune responses and promote cancer evolution. Furthermore, we highlight the recently emerging pipelines of senotherapies particularly senolytics, which can selectively deplete senescent cells from affected organs in vivo and impede tumor progression by restoring therapeutic responses and securing anticancer efficacies. Together, co-targeting cancer cells and their normal but senescent counterparts in the TME holds the potential to achieve increased therapeutic benefits and restrained disease relapse in future clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Mengniu Institute of Nutrition Science, Global R&D Innovation Center, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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3
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Evergren E, Mills IG, Kennedy G. Adaptations of membrane trafficking in cancer and tumorigenesis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260943. [PMID: 38770683 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking, a fundamental cellular process encompassing the transport of molecules to specific organelles, endocytosis at the plasma membrane and protein secretion, is crucial for cellular homeostasis and signalling. Cancer cells adapt membrane trafficking to enhance their survival and metabolism, and understanding these adaptations is vital for improving patient responses to therapy and identifying therapeutic targets. In this Review, we provide a concise overview of major membrane trafficking pathways and detail adaptations in these pathways, including COPII-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking, COPI-dependent retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking and endocytosis, that have been found in cancer. We explore how these adaptations confer growth advantages or resistance to cell death and conclude by discussing the potential for utilising this knowledge in developing new treatment strategies and overcoming drug resistance for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Evergren
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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4
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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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5
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Balducci L, Falandry C, Silvio Monfardini. Senotherapy, cancer, and aging. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101671. [PMID: 37977898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to highlight the effects of senotherapy on the prevention and treatment of cancer in older individuals. The aim of senotherapy is to eliminate senescent cells. These cells express the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). With production of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and different type of proteases, the SASP is responsible for aging-associated disability and diseases. All mammalian cells experience senescence. The main agents of aging include fibroblasts and adipose cells. Senescent tumor cells may undergo genomic reprogramming and re-enter cell cycle with a stem cell phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a Medline search for the following key words: senotherapy, senolysis, senomorphic agents. We provide a narrative review of the finding. RESULTS Different agents may eliminate senescent cells from cell cultures and murine models. These include metformin, rapamycin, desatinib, quercitin, fisetin, ruloxitinib, and BCL2 inhibitors. A randomized controlled study of metformin in 3,000 patients aged 65-79 without glucose intolerance aiming to establish whether senotherapy may prevent or reverse disability and aging associated diseases, including cancer, is ongoing. Senotherapy prolongs the life span and decreases the incidence of cancer in experimental animal models, as well as delays and reverses disability. Senescent tumor cells are found prior to treatment and after chemotherapy and radiation. These elements may be responsible for tumor recurrence and treatment refractoriness. DISCUSSION Senotherapy may have substantial effects on cancer management including decreased incidence and aggressiveness of cancer, improved tolerance of antineoplastic treatment, and prevention of relapse after primary treatment. Senotherapy may ameliorate several complications of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Falandry
- Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitaliser Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; Laboratoire CarMeN, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, France.
| | - Silvio Monfardini
- Director Oncopaedia Project European School of Oncology. Director Emeritus Division of Medical Oncology Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padova., Italy.
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Wang X, Fukumoto T, Noma KI. Therapeutic strategies targeting cellular senescence for cancer and other diseases. J Biochem 2024; 175:525-537. [PMID: 38366629 PMCID: PMC11058315 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs in response to endogenous or exogenous stresses and is characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, alterations in nuclear morphology and secretion of proinflammatory factors, referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). An increase of senescent cells is associated with the development of several types of cancer and aging-related diseases. Therefore, senolytic agents that selectively remove senescent cells may offer opportunities for developing new therapeutic strategies against such cancers and aging-related diseases. This review outlines senescence inducers and the general characteristics of senescent cells. We also discuss the involvement of senescent cells in certain cancers and diseases. Finally, we describe a series of senolytic agents and their utilization in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Wang
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Noma
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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7
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Elshazly AM, Shahin U, Al Shboul S, Gewirtz DA, Saleh T. A Conversation with ChatGPT on Contentious Issues in Senescence and Cancer Research. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:313-327. [PMID: 38458774 PMCID: PMC11026153 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.124.000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms, such as Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), have achieved a high degree of popularity within the scientific community due to their utility in providing evidence-based reviews of the literature. However, the accuracy and reliability of the information output and the ability to provide critical analysis of the literature, especially with respect to highly controversial issues, has generally not been evaluated. In this work, we arranged a question/answer session with ChatGPT regarding several unresolved questions in the field of cancer research relating to therapy-induced senescence (TIS), including the topics of senescence reversibility, its connection to tumor dormancy, and the pharmacology of the newly emerging drug class of senolytics. ChatGPT generally provided responses consistent with the available literature, although occasionally overlooking essential components of the current understanding of the role of TIS in cancer biology and treatment. Although ChatGPT, and similar AI platforms, have utility in providing an accurate evidence-based review of the literature, their outputs should still be considered carefully, especially with respect to unresolved issues in tumor biology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Artificial Intelligence platforms have provided great utility for researchers to investigate biomedical literature in a prompt manner. However, several issues arise when it comes to certain unresolved biological questions, especially in the cancer field. This work provided a discussion with ChatGPT regarding some of the yet-to-be-fully-elucidated conundrums of the role of therapy-induced senescence in cancer treatment and highlights the strengths and weaknesses in utilizing such platforms for analyzing the scientific literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (A.M.E., D.A.G.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt (A.M.E.); and Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan (U.S., S.A.S., T.S.)
| | - Uruk Shahin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (A.M.E., D.A.G.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt (A.M.E.); and Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan (U.S., S.A.S., T.S.)
| | - Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (A.M.E., D.A.G.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt (A.M.E.); and Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan (U.S., S.A.S., T.S.)
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (A.M.E., D.A.G.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt (A.M.E.); and Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan (U.S., S.A.S., T.S.)
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (A.M.E., D.A.G.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt (A.M.E.); and Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan (U.S., S.A.S., T.S.)
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8
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Hoque MM, Iida Y, Kotani H, Harada M. Senolysis of gemcitabine-induced senescent human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2075. [PMID: 38662379 PMCID: PMC11044911 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gemcitabine (GEM) is often used to treat pancreatic cancer. Many anti-cancer drugs induce cancer cell death, but some cells survive after cell cycle arrest. Such a response to DNA damage is termed cellular senescence. Certain drugs, including the Bcl-2-family inhibitor ABT-263, kill senescent cells; this is termed senolysis. In this study, we examined the therapeutic benefits of ABT-263 in GEM-induced senescence of human pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Of four pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, and PANC10.05), GEM induced senescent features in PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells, including increases in the cell sizes and expression levels of mRNAs encoding interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 and induction of β-galactosidase. Successive treatment with GEM and ABT-263 triggered apoptosis in PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells and suppressed colony formation significantly. Senolysis of GEM-induced senescent pancreatic cancer cells by ABT-263 was triggered by a Bcl-xL inhibitor, but not by a Bcl-2 inhibitor, suggesting a central role for Bcl-xL in senolysis. In a xenograft mouse model, combined treatment with GEM and ABT-737 (an ABT-263 analog exhibiting the same specificity) suppressed in vivo growth of AsPC-1 significantly. CONCLUSION Together, our results indicate that sequential treatment with GEM and senolytic drugs effectively kill human pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichi Iida
- Department of ImmunologyShimane University Faculty of MedicineIzumoShimaneJapan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Department of ImmunologyShimane University Faculty of MedicineIzumoShimaneJapan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of ImmunologyShimane University Faculty of MedicineIzumoShimaneJapan
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Abu-Humaidan AH, Ismail MA, Ahmad FM, Al Shboul S, Barham R, Tadros JS, Alhesa A, El-Sadoni M, Alotaibi MR, Ababneh NA, Saleh T. Therapy-induced senescent cancer cells exhibit complement activation and increased complement regulatory protein expression. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:240-255. [PMID: 38265162 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a primary response to chemotherapy, contributing to untoward treatment outcomes such as evasion of immunosurveillance. Despite the established role of the complement system in the immune response to cancer, the role of complement in mediating the immune response against senescent tumor cells remains poorly understood. To explore this relationship, we exposed lung adenocarcinoma (A549), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and pancreatic carcinoma (Panc-1) cell lines to sublethal doses of either etoposide or doxorubicin to trigger TIS. Identification of TIS was based on morphological changes, upregulation of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p21Cip1 induction and lamin B1 downregulation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, quantitative PCR, ELISA of conditioned media and in silico analysis, we investigated complement activation, complement protein expression, C3 levels in the conditioned media of senescent cells and secreted complement proteins as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), respectively. In cell lines undergoing TIS, complement-related changes included (i) activation of the terminal pathway, evidenced by the deposition of C5b-9 on senescent cells; (ii) an increase in the expression of CD59 and complement factor H and (iii) in A549 cells, an elevation in the expression of C3 with its secretion into the medium. In addition, increased C3 expression was observed in breast cancer samples expressing TIS hallmarks following exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, TIS led to the activation of complement, upregulation of complement regulatory proteins and increased C3 expression. Complement appears to play a role in shaping the cancer microenvironment upon senescence induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ha Abu-Humaidan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Ismail
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fatima M Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of the Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Raghad Barham
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Joud S Tadros
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed El-Sadoni
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Moureq R Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidaa A Ababneh
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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10
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Saleh T, Al Shboul S, Awad H, El-Sadoni M, Alhesa A, Alsharaiah E, Abu Shahin N, Alotaibi MR, Battah A, Azab B. Characterization of BCL-X L , MCL-1, and BAX Protein Expression in Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:189-199. [PMID: 38426376 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapy has improved the overall treatment of breast cancer, which is frequently administered in the form of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Apoptosis is an established cell stress response to NAC in preclinical models; however, there is limited understanding of its role in clinical cancer, specifically, its contribution to favorable pathologic responses in breast cancer therapy. Here, we aimed to characterize the change in protein expression of 3 apoptosis-associated biomarkers, namely, BCL-X L , MCL-1, and BAX in breast cancer in response to NAC. For this, we utilized a set of 68 matched invasive breast cancer FFPE samples that were collected before (pre) and after (post) the exposure to NAC therapy that were characterized by incomplete pathologic response. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis suggested that most of the samples show a decrease in the protein expression of all 3 markers following exposure to NAC as 90%, 69%, and 76% of the matched samples exhibited a decrease in expression for BCL-X L , MCL-1, and BAX, respectively. The median H-score of BCL-X L post-NAC was 150/300 compared with 225/300 pre-NAC ( P value <0.0001). The median H-score of MCL-1 declined from 200 pre-NAC to 160 post-NAC ( P value <0.0001). The median H-score of BAX protein expression decreased from 260 pre-NAC to 190 post-NAC ( P value <0.0001). There was no statistically significant association between the expression of these markers and stage, grade, and hormone receptor profiling (luminal status). Collectively, our data indicate that the expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins changes following exposure to NAC in breast cancer tissue, developing a partial pathologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Heyam Awad
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan
| | - Mohammed El-Sadoni
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan
| | - Elham Alsharaiah
- Department of Pathology, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Service, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Abu Shahin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan
| | - Moureq R Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdelKader Battah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan
| | - Bilal Azab
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
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11
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McGrath MK, Abolhassani A, Guy L, Elshazly AM, Barrett JT, Mivechi NF, Gewirtz DA, Schoenlein PV. Autophagy and senescence facilitate the development of antiestrogen resistance in ER positive breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1298423. [PMID: 38567308 PMCID: PMC10986181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1298423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common breast cancer diagnosed annually in the US with endocrine-based therapy as standard-of-care for this breast cancer subtype. Endocrine therapy includes treatment with antiestrogens, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Despite the appreciable remission achievable with these treatments, a substantial cohort of women will experience primary tumor recurrence, subsequent metastasis, and eventual death due to their disease. In these cases, the breast cancer cells have become resistant to endocrine therapy, with endocrine resistance identified as the major obstacle to the medical oncologist and patient. To combat the development of endocrine resistance, the treatment options for ER+, HER2 negative breast cancer now include CDK4/6 inhibitors used as adjuvants to antiestrogen treatment. In addition to the dysregulated activity of CDK4/6, a plethora of genetic and biochemical mechanisms have been identified that contribute to endocrine resistance. These mechanisms, which have been identified by lab-based studies utilizing appropriate cell and animal models of breast cancer, and by clinical studies in which gene expression profiles identify candidate endocrine resistance genes, are the subject of this review. In addition, we will discuss molecular targeting strategies now utilized in conjunction with endocrine therapy to combat the development of resistance or target resistant breast cancer cells. Of approaches currently being explored to improve endocrine treatment efficacy and patient outcome, two adaptive cell survival mechanisms, autophagy, and "reversible" senescence, are considered molecular targets. Autophagy and/or senescence induction have been identified in response to most antiestrogen treatments currently being used for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer and are often induced in response to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Unfortunately, effective strategies to target these cell survival pathways have not yet been successfully developed. Thus, there is an urgent need for the continued interrogation of autophagy and "reversible" senescence in clinically relevant breast cancer models with the long-term goal of identifying new molecular targets for improved treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. McGrath
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ali Abolhassani
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Luke Guy
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - John T. Barrett
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nahid F. Mivechi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Patricia V. Schoenlein
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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12
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Adhikari M, Kaur J, Sabol HM, Anloague A, Khan S, Kurihara N, Diaz-delCastillo M, Andreasen CM, Barnes CL, Stambough JB, Palmieri M, Reyes-Castro O, Ambrogini E, Almeida M, O’Brien CA, Nookaw I, Delgado-Calle J. Single-cell Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes as Contributors to Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4047486. [PMID: 38558984 PMCID: PMC10980159 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4047486/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer bone metastases increase fracture risk and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Upon colonization by tumor cells, the bone microenvironment undergoes profound reprogramming to support cancer progression that disrupts the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, leading to bone lesions. Whether such reprogramming affects matrix-embedded osteocytes remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that osteocytes in breast cancer bone metastasis develop premature senescence and a distinctive senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that favors bone destruction. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified osteocytes from mice with breast cancer bone metastasis enriched in senescence and SASP markers and pro-osteoclastogenic genes. Using multiplex in situ hybridization and AI-assisted analysis, we detected osteocytes with senescence-associated distension of satellites, telomere dysfunction, and p16Ink4a expression in mice and patients with breast cancer bone metastasis. In vitro and ex vivo organ cultures showed that breast cancer cells promote osteocyte senescence and enhance their osteoclastogenic potential. Clearance of senescent cells with senolytics suppressed bone resorption and preserved bone mass in mice with breast cancer bone metastasis. These results demonstrate that osteocytes undergo pathological reprogramming by breast cancer cells and identify osteocyte senescence as an initiating event triggering bone destruction in breast cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Adhikari
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Hayley M. Sabol
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Aric Anloague
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Sharmin Khan
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Noriyoshi Kurihara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | | | - Christina Møller Andreasen
- Molecular Bone Histology lab, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pathologyogy, Odense University Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - C. Lowry Barnes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Jeffrey B. Stambough
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Michela Palmieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Olivia Reyes-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Elena Ambrogini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Charles A. O’Brien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, US
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Intawat Nookaw
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
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13
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Sharma NK, Bahot A, Sekar G, Bansode M, Khunteta K, Sonar PV, Hebale A, Salokhe V, Sinha BK. Understanding Cancer's Defense against Topoisomerase-Active Drugs: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:680. [PMID: 38398072 PMCID: PMC10886629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of cancer drug resistance has been one of the crucial tumor hallmarks that are supported by the level of genetic heterogeneity and complexities at cellular levels. Oxidative stress, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, overexpression of ABC transporters, and stemness are among the several key contributing molecular and cellular response mechanisms. Topo-active drugs, e.g., doxorubicin and topotecan, are clinically active and are utilized extensively against a wide variety of human tumors and often result in the development of resistance and failure to therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for an incremental and comprehensive understanding of mechanisms of cancer drug resistance specifically in the context of topo-active drugs. This review delves into the intricate mechanistic aspects of these intracellular and extracellular topo-active drug resistance mechanisms and explores the use of potential combinatorial approaches by utilizing various topo-active drugs and inhibitors of pathways involved in drug resistance. We believe that this review will help guide basic scientists, pre-clinicians, clinicians, and policymakers toward holistic and interdisciplinary strategies that transcend resistance, renewing optimism in the ongoing battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Anjali Bahot
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Gopinath Sekar
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Mahima Bansode
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Kratika Khunteta
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Priyanka Vijay Sonar
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Ameya Hebale
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Vaishnavi Salokhe
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India; (N.K.S.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.V.S.); (A.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Birandra Kumar Sinha
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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14
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Saleh T, Naffa R, Barakat NA, Ismail MA, Alotaibi MR, Alsalem M. Cisplatin Provokes Peripheral Nociception and Neuronal Features of Therapy-Induced Senescence and Calcium Dysregulation in Rats. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:10. [PMID: 38294571 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS) is a form of senescence that is typically described in malignant cells in response to the exposure of cancer chemotherapy or radiation but can also be precipitated in non-malignant cells. TIS has been shown to contribute to the development of several cancer therapy-related adverse effects; however, evidence on its role in mediating chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, such as Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN), is limited. We here show that cisplatin treatment over two cycles (cumulative dose of 23 mg/kg) provoked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Isolation of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from the cisplatin-treated rats demonstrated robust SA-β-gal upregulation at both day 8 (after the first cycle) and day 18 (after the second cycle), decreased lmnb1 expression, increased expression of cdkn1a and cdkn2a, and of several factors of the Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) (Il6, Il1b, and mmp9). Moreover, single-cell calcium imaging of cultured DRGs revealed a significant increase in terms of the magnitude of KCl-evoked calcium responses in cisplatin-treated rats compared to vehicle-treated rats. No significant change was observed in terms of the magnitude of capsaicin-evoked calcium responses in cisplatin-treated rats compared to vehicle-treated rats but with decreased area under the curve of the responses in cisplatin-treated rats. Further evidence to support the contribution of TIS to therapy adverse effects is required but should encourage the use of senescence-modulating agents (senotherapeutics) as novel palliative approaches to mitigate chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Randa Naffa
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Noor A Barakat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Ismail
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Adelaide Medical School, South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Moureq R Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alsalem
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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15
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Perkins DW, Steiner I, Haider S, Robertson D, Buus R, O'Leary L, Isacke CM. Therapy-induced normal tissue damage promotes breast cancer metastasis. iScience 2024; 27:108503. [PMID: 38161426 PMCID: PMC10755366 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells frequently exhibit a period of dormancy, rendering them chemotherapy insensitive; conversely, the systemic delivery of chemotherapies can result in normal tissue damage. Using multiple mouse and human breast cancer models, we demonstrate that prior chemotherapy administration enhances metastatic colonization and outgrowth. In vitro, chemotherapy-treated fibroblasts display a pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and are effectively eliminated by targeting the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-xL. In vivo, chemotherapy treatment induces SASP expression in normal tissues; however, the accumulation of senescent cells is limited, and BCL-xL inhibitors are unable to reduce chemotherapy-enhanced metastasis. This likely reflects that chemotherapy-exposed stromal cells do not enter a BCL-xL-dependent phenotype or switch their dependency to other anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. This study highlights the role of the metastatic microenvironment in controlling outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells and the need to identify additional approaches to limit the pro-tumorigenic effects of therapy-induced normal tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Perkins
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Ivana Steiner
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - David Robertson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Richard Buus
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Lynda O'Leary
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Clare M. Isacke
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
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16
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Alsalem M, Ellaithy A, Bloukh S, Haddad M, Saleh T. Targeting therapy-induced senescence as a novel strategy to combat chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:85. [PMID: 38177894 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a treatment-limiting adverse effect of anticancer therapy that complicates the lifestyle of many cancer survivors. There is currently no gold-standard for the assessment or management of CIPN. Subsequently, understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development of CIPN is essential for finding better pharmacological therapy. Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a form of senescence that is triggered in malignant and non-malignant cells in response to the exposure to chemotherapy. Recent evidence has also suggested that TIS develops in the dorsal root ganglia of rodent models of CIPN. Interestingly, several components of the senescent phenotype are commensurate with the currently established primary processes implicated in the pathogenesis of CIPN including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this article, we review the literature that supports the hypothesis that TIS could serve as a holistic mechanism leading to CIPN, and we propose the potential for investigating senotherapeutics as means to mitigate CIPN in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alsalem
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Amr Ellaithy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
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17
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Kepp O, Galluzzi L, Petroni G. Cellular senescence and aging at the crossroad between immunity and cancer. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 181:xvii-xxiv. [PMID: 38302247 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Marcozzi S, Bigossi G, Giuliani ME, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Cardelli M, Brunetti D, Segala A, Valerio A, Nisoli E, Lattanzio F, Provinciali M, Malavolta M. Cellular senescence and frailty: a comprehensive insight into the causal links. GeroScience 2023; 45:3267-3305. [PMID: 37792158 PMCID: PMC10643740 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells may have a prominent role in driving inflammation and frailty. The impact of cellular senescence on frailty varies depending on the assessment tool used, as it is influenced by the criteria or items predominantly affected by senescent cells and the varying weights assigned to these items across different health domains. To address this challenge, we undertook a thorough review of all available studies involving gain- or loss-of-function experiments as well as interventions targeting senescent cells, focusing our attention on those studies that examined outcomes based on the individual frailty phenotype criteria or specific items used to calculate two humans (35 and 70 items) and one mouse (31 items) frailty indexes. Based on the calculation of a simple "evidence score," we found that the burden of senescent cells related to musculoskeletal and cerebral health has the strongest causal link to frailty. We deem that insight into these mechanisms may not only contribute to clarifying the role of cellular senescence in frailty but could additionally provide multiple therapeutic opportunities to help the future development of a desirable personalized therapy in these extremely heterogeneous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Marcozzi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS INRCA, 60124, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bigossi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research On Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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19
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Viktorsson K, Rieckmann T, Fleischmann M, Diefenhardt M, Hehlgans S, Rödel F. Advances in molecular targeted therapies to increase efficacy of (chemo)radiation therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1091-1109. [PMID: 37041372 PMCID: PMC10673805 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the tumor's biology in line with a constantly growing number of innovative technologies have prompted characterization of patients' individual malignancies and may display a prerequisite to treat cancer at its patient individual tumor vulnerability. In recent decades, radiation- induced signaling and tumor promoting local events for radiation sensitization were explored in detail, resulting the development of novel molecular targets. A multitude of pharmacological, genetic, and immunological principles, including small molecule- and antibody-based targeted strategies, have been developed that are suitable for combined concepts with radiation (RT) or chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Despite a plethora of promising experimental and preclinical findings, however, so far, only a very limited number of clinical trials have demonstrated a better outcome and/or patient benefit when RT or CRT are combined with targeted agents. The current review aims to summarize recent progress in molecular therapies targeting oncogenic drivers, DNA damage and cell cycle response, apoptosis signaling pathways, cell adhesion molecules, hypoxia, and the tumor microenvironment to impact therapy refractoriness and to boost radiation response. In addition, we will discuss recent advances in nanotechnology, e.g., RNA technologies and protein-degrading proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that may open new and innovative ways to benefit from molecular-targeted therapy approaches with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 4, 17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fleischmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenhardt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site: Frankfurt, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Softah A, Alotaibi MR, Alhoshani AR, Saleh T, Alhazzani K, Almutairi MM, AlRowis R, Alshehri S, Albekairy NA, Harada H, Boyd R, Chakraborty E, Gewirtz DA, As Sobeai HM. The Combination of Radiation with PARP Inhibition Enhances Senescence and Sensitivity to the Senolytic, Navitoclax, in Triple Negative Breast Tumor Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3066. [PMID: 38002066 PMCID: PMC10669784 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, this disease continues to pose a clinical challenge, with many patients ultimately suffering from relapse. Tumor cells that recover after entering into a state of senescence after chemotherapy or radiation have been shown to develop a more aggressive phenotype, and to contribute to disease recurrence. By combining the PARP inhibitor (PARPi), talazoparib, with radiation, senescence was enhanced in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (based on SA-β-gal upregulation, increased expression of CDKN1A and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) marker, IL6). Subsequent treatment of the radiation- and talazoparib-induced senescent 4T1 and MDA-MB231 cells with navitoclax (ABT-263) resulted in significant apoptotic cell death. In immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice, navitoclax exerted a modest growth inhibitory effect when used alone, but dramatically interfered with the recovery of 4T1-derived tumors induced into senescence with ionizing radiation and talazoparib. These findings support the potential utility of a senolytic strategy in combination with the radiotherapy/PARPi combination to mitigate the risk of disease recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Softah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Moureq R. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Ali R. Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Mashal M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Raed AlRowis
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samiyah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Norah A. Albekairy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Rowan Boyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (R.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Eesha Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (R.B.); (E.C.)
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (R.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Homood M. As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.R.A.); (A.R.A.); (K.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.A.)
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21
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Saleh T, Bloukh S, Hasan M, Al Shboul S. Therapy-induced senescence as a component of tumor biology: Evidence from clinical cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188994. [PMID: 37806641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS) is an established response to anticancer therapy in a variety of cancer models. Ample evidence has characterized the triggers, hallmarks, and functional outcomes of TIS in preclinical studies; however, limited evidence delineates TIS in clinical cancer (human tumor samples). We examined the literature that investigated the induction of TIS in samples derived from human cancers and highlighted the major findings that suggested that TIS represents a main constituent of tumor biology. The most frequently utilized approach to identify TIS in human cancers was to investigate the protein expression of senescence-associated markers (such as cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, Ki67, DNA damage repair response markers, DEC1, and DcR1) via immunohistochemical techniques using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples and/or testing the upregulation of Senescence-Associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in frozen sections of unfixed tumor samples. Collectively, and in studies where the extent of TIS was determined, TIS was detected in 31-66% of tumors exposed to various forms of chemotherapy. Moreover, TIS was not only limited to both malignant and non-malignant components of tumoral tissue but was also identified in samples of normal (non-transformed) tissue upon chemo- or radiotherapy exposure. Nevertheless, the available evidence continues to be limited and requires a more rigorous assessment of in vivo senescence based on novel approaches and more reliable molecular signatures. The accurate assessment of TIS will be beneficial for determining its relevant contribution to the overall outcome of cancer therapy and the potential translatability of senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mira Hasan
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
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22
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Niklander SE, Aránguiz P, Faunes F, Martínez-Flores R. Aging and oral squamous cell carcinoma development: the role of cellular senescence. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1285276. [PMID: 37904749 PMCID: PMC10613501 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gradual accumulation and inadequate renewal of senescent cells over time drive organismal aging. Senescent cells undergo altered gene expression and release inflammatory mediators collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which significantly contributes to a spectrum of age-related disorders, including cancer. In the context of carcinogenesis, the SASP produced by senescent cells has been implicated in the promotion of epithelial cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common form of oral cancer. Senescent cells within the tumor microenvironment release factors that amplify the growth and invasiveness of neighboring cancer cells. Senotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, emerge as promising modalities to target senescent cells and their associated inflammatory factors, thereby opening novel avenues for augmenting the efficacy of cancer treatments. Here, we review the general aspects of cellular senescence, focusing on the relation between senescence-related inflammation with cancer development. We also analyze the available evidence linking cellular senescence with OSCC, highlighting possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Eric Niklander
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Pablo Aránguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Fernando Faunes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - René Martínez-Flores
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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23
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Al Shboul S, El-Sadoni M, Alhesa A, Abu Shahin N, Abuquteish D, Abu Al Karsaneh O, Alsharaiah E, Ismail MA, Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Alotaibi MR, Neely V, Harada H, Saleh T. NOXA expression is downregulated in human breast cancer undergoing incomplete pathological response and senescence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15903. [PMID: 37741850 PMCID: PMC10517932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a frequently utilized approach to treat locally advanced breast cancer, but, unfortunately, a subset of tumors fails to undergo complete pathological response. Apoptosis and therapy-induced senescence (TIS) are both cell stress mechanisms but their exact role in mediating the pathological response to NAC is not fully elucidated. We investigated the change in expression of PAMIP1, the gene encoding for the pro-apoptotic protein, NOXA, following NAC in two breast cancer gene datasets, and the change in NOXA protein expression in response to NAC in 55 matched patient samples (pre- and post-NAC). PAMIP1 expression significantly declined in post-NAC in the two sets, and in our cohort, 75% of the samples exhibited a downregulation in NOXA post-NAC. Matched samples that showed a decline in NOXA post-NAC were examined for TIS based on a signature of downregulated expression of Lamin-B1 and Ki-67 and increased p16INK4a, and the majority exhibited a decrease in Lamin B1 (66%) and Ki-67 (80%), and increased p16INK4a (49%). Since our cohort consisted of patients that did not develop complete pathological response, such findings have clinical implications on the role of TIS and NOXA downregulation in mediating suboptimal responses to the currently established NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Mohammed El-Sadoni
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Abu Shahin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Dua Abuquteish
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Ola Abu Al Karsaneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Elham Alsharaiah
- Department of Pathology, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Service, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | | | | | - Moureq R Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria Neely
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
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24
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Billimoria R, Bhatt P. Senescence in cancer: Advances in detection and treatment modalities. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115739. [PMID: 37562510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a form of irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescence plays a dual role in cancer, as both a tumor suppressor by preventing the growth of damaged cells and a cancer promoter by creating an inflammatory milieu. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and replicative senescence are the two major sub-types of senescence. Senescence plays a dual role in cancer, depending on the context and kind of senescence involved. SIPS can cause cancer by nurturing an inflammatory environment, whereas replicative senescence may prevent cancer. Major pathways that are involved in senescence are the p53-p21, p16INK4A-Rb pathway along with mTOR, MAPK, and PI3K pathways. The lack of universal senescence markers makes it difficult to identify senescent cells in vivo. A combination of reliable detection methods of senescent cells in vivo is of utmost importance and will help in early detection and open new avenues for future treatment. New strategies that are being developed in order to tackle these shortcomings are in the field of fluorescent probes, nanoparticles, positron emission tomography probes, biosensors, and the detection of cell-free DNA from liquid biopsies. Along with detection, eradication of these senescent cells is also important to prevent cancer reoccurrence. Recently, the field of nano-senolytic and immunotherapy has also been emerging. This review provides up-to-date information on the various types of advancements made in the field of detection and treatment modalities for senescent cells that hold promise for the future treatment and prognosis of cancer, as well as their limitations and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezina Billimoria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be University), Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Purvi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be University), Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India.
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25
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Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. Cytoprotective, Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Roles of Autophagy in Response to BET Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12669. [PMID: 37628849 PMCID: PMC10454099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family inhibitors are small molecules that target the dysregulated epigenetic readers, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, at various transcription-related sites, including super-enhancers. BET inhibitors are currently under investigation both in pre-clinical cell culture and tumor-bearing animal models, as well as in clinical trials. However, as is the case with other chemotherapeutic modalities, the development of resistance is likely to constrain the therapeutic benefits of this strategy. One tumor cell survival mechanism that has been studied for decades is autophagy. Although four different functions of autophagy have been identified in the literature (cytoprotective, cytotoxic, cytostatic and non-protective), primarily the cytoprotective and cytotoxic forms appear to function in different experimental models exposed to BET inhibitors (with some evidence for the cytostatic form). This review provides an overview of the cytoprotective, cytotoxic and cytostatic functions of autophagy in response to BET inhibitors in various tumor models. Our aim is to determine whether autophagy targeting or modulation could represent an effective therapeutic strategy to enhance the response to these modalities and also potentially overcome resistance to BET inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
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26
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Elshazly AM, Sinanian MM, Neely V, Chakraborty E, Alshehri MA, McGrath MK, Harada H, Schoenlein PV, Gewirtz DA. BRD4 Inhibition as a Strategy to Prolong the Response to Standard of Care in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4066. [PMID: 37627092 PMCID: PMC10452571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring malignancy in women and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. ER+ breast cancer constitutes approximately 70% of all breast cancer cases. The standard of care for ER+ breast cancer involves estrogen antagonists such as tamoxifen or fulvestrant in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib. However, these treatments are often not curative, with disease recurrence and metastasis being responsible for patient mortality. Overexpression of the epigenetic regulator, BRD4, has been shown to be a negative prognostic indicator in breast cancer, and BET family inhibitors such as ARV-825 and ABBV-744 have garnered interest for their potential to improve and prolong the response to current therapeutic strategies. The current work examined the potential of utilizing ARV-825 and ABBV-744 to increase the effectiveness of tamoxifen or fulvestrant plus palbociclib. ARV-825 was effective in both p53 wild-type (WT) breast tumor cells and in cells lacking functional p53 either alone or in combination with tamoxifen, while the effectiveness of ABBV-744 was limited to fulvestrant plus palbociclib in p53 WT cells. These differential effects may be related to the capacity to suppress c-Myc, a downstream target of BRD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.M.E.); (M.M.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (E.C.); (H.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Melanie M. Sinanian
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.M.E.); (M.M.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (E.C.); (H.H.)
| | - Victoria Neely
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (E.C.); (H.H.)
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Eesha Chakraborty
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (E.C.); (H.H.)
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Muruj A. Alshehri
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.M.E.); (M.M.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (E.C.); (H.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael K. McGrath
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.K.M.); (P.V.S.)
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (E.C.); (H.H.)
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Patricia V. Schoenlein
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.K.M.); (P.V.S.)
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.M.E.); (M.M.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (E.C.); (H.H.)
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27
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D'Ambrosio M, Gil J. Reshaping of the tumor microenvironment by cellular senescence: An opportunity for senotherapies. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1007-1021. [PMID: 37339603 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response associated with aging and disease, including cancer. Senescent cells undergo a stable cell cycle arrest, undergo a change in morphology and metabolic reprogramming, and produce a bioactive secretome termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In cancer, senescence is an important barrier to tumor progression. Induction of senescence in preneoplastic cells limits cancer initiation, and many cancer therapies act in part by inducing senescence in cancer cells. Paradoxically, senescent cells lingering in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can contribute to tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review, we discuss the different types of senescent cells present in the TME and how these senescent cells and their SASP reshape the TME, affect immune responses, and influence cancer progression. Furthermore, we will highlight the importance of senotherapies, including senolytic drugs that eliminate senescent cells and impede tumor progression and metastasis by restoring anti-tumor immune responses and influencing the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonietta D'Ambrosio
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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28
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de Paula B, Kieran R, Koh SSY, Crocamo S, Abdelhay E, Muñoz-Espín D. Targeting Senescence as a Therapeutic Opportunity for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:583-598. [PMID: 36752780 PMCID: PMC10157365 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with an elevated risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. Historically, only chemotherapy was available as systemic treatment, but immunotherapy and targeted therapies currently offer prolonged benefits. TNBC is a group of diseases with heterogeneous treatment sensitivity, and resistance is inevitable and early for a large proportion of the intrinsic subtypes. Although senescence induction by anticancer therapy offers an immediate favorable clinical outcome once the rate of tumor progression reduces, these cells are commonly dysfunctional and metabolically active, culminating in treatment-resistant repopulation associated with worse prognosis. This heterogeneous response can also occur without therapeutic pressure in response to damage or oncogenic stress, playing a relevant role in the carcinogenesis. Remarkably, there is preclinical and exploratory clinical evidence to support a relevant role of senescence in treatment resistance. Therefore, targeting senescent cells has been a scientific effort in many malignant tumors using a variety of targets and strategies, including increasing proapoptotic and decreasing antiapoptotic stimuli. Despite promising results, there are some challenges to applying this technology, including the best schedule of combination, assessment of senescence, specific vulnerabilities, and the best clinical scenarios. This review provides an overview of senescence in TNBC with a focus on future-proofing senotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Paula
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosalind Kieran
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Shui Yuan Koh
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Crocamo
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Muñoz-Espín
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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29
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Barriuso D, Alvarez-Frutos L, Gonzalez-Gutierrez L, Motiño O, Kroemer G, Palacios-Ramirez R, Senovilla L. Involvement of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Tetraploidization-Related Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076374. [PMID: 37047342 PMCID: PMC10094710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins is the main regulator of apoptosis. However, multiple emerging evidence has revealed that Bcl-2 family proteins are also involved in cellular senescence. On the one hand, the different expression of these proteins determines the entry into senescence. On the other hand, entry into senescence modulates the expression of these proteins, generally conferring resistance to apoptosis. With some exceptions, senescent cells are characterized by the upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins and downregulation of proapoptotic proteins. Under physiological conditions, freshly formed tetraploid cells die by apoptosis due to the tetraploidy checkpoint. However, suppression of Bcl-2 associated x protein (Bax), as well as overexpression of Bcl-2, favors the appearance and survival of tetraploid cells. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that our laboratory has shown that the joint absence of Bax and Bcl-2 antagonist/killer (Bak) favors the entry into senescence of tetraploid cells. Certain microtubule inhibitory chemotherapies, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, induce the generation of tetraploid cells. Moreover, the combined use of inhibitors of antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family with microtubule inhibitors increases their efficacy. In this review, we aim to shed light on the involvement of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in the senescence program activated after tetraploidization and the possibility of using this knowledge to create a new therapeutic strategy targeting cancer cells.
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30
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Cotarelo CL, Schad A, Schmidt M, Hönig A, Sleeman JP, Thaler S. Detection of Cellular Senescence Reveals the Existence of Senescent Tumor Cells within Invasive Breast Carcinomas and Related Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061860. [PMID: 36980745 PMCID: PMC10047432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence is thought to constitute a barrier to carcinogenesis by arresting cells at risk of malignant transformation. However, numerous findings suggest that senescent cells may conversely promote tumor growth and metastatic progression, for example, through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) they produce. Here, we investigated the degree to which senescent tumor cells exist within untreated human primary breast carcinomas and whether the presence of senescent cancer cells in primary tumors is recapitulated in their matched lymph node metastases. For the detection of senescence, we used SA-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and other senescence markers such as Ki67, p21, p53, and p16. In patients with invasive luminal A and B breast carcinomas, we found broad similarities in the appearance of cancer cells between primary tumors and their corresponding metastases. Analysis of lymph nodes from patients with other breast cancer subtypes also revealed senescent tumor cells within metastatic lesions. Collectively, our findings show that senescent tumor cells exist within primary breast carcinomas and metastatic lesions. These results suggest a potential role for senescent breast tumor cells during metastatic progression and raise the question as to whether the targeting of senescent tumor cells with anti-senescent drugs might represent a novel avenue for improved treatment of breast and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L Cotarelo
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arno Schad
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arnd Hönig
- Breast Center, Women's Hospital, Marienhaus Hospital Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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31
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Chiu FY, Kvadas RM, Mheidly Z, Shahbandi A, Jackson JG. Could senescence phenotypes strike the balance to promote tumor dormancy? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:143-160. [PMID: 36735097 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
After treatment and surgery, patient tumors can initially respond followed by a rapid relapse, or respond well and seemingly be cured, but then recur years or decades later. The state of surviving cancer cells during the long, undetected period is termed dormancy. By definition, the dormant tumor cells do not proliferate to create a mass that is detectable or symptomatic, but also never die. An intrinsic state and microenvironment that are inhospitable to the tumor would bias toward cell death and complete eradication, while conditions that favor the tumor would enable growth and relapse. In neither case would clinical dormancy be observed. Normal cells and tumor cells can enter a state of cellular senescence after stress such as that caused by cancer therapy. Senescence is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest mediated by chromatin modifications that cause gene expression changes and a secretory phenotype involving many cytokines and chemokines. Senescent cell phenotypes have been shown to be both tumor promoting and tumor suppressive. The balance of these opposing forces presents an attractive model to explain tumor dormancy: phenotypes of stable arrest and immune suppression could promote survival, while reversible epigenetic programs combined with cytokines and growth factors that promote angiogenesis, survival, and proliferation could initiate the emergence from dormancy. In this review, we examine the phenotypes that have been characterized in different normal and cancer cells made senescent by various stresses and how these might explain the characteristics of tumor dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yen Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Raegan M Kvadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zeinab Mheidly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Klapp V, Bloy N, Petroni G, De Martino M. Quantification of beta-galactosidase activity as a marker of radiation-driven cellular senescence. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 174:113-126. [PMID: 36710045 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by different stressors, including cancer treatments (the so-called "therapy-induced senescence"), such as radiation therapy (RT). Although senescent cells do not proliferate, they remain metabolically active and play a critical role in tumor progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. Therefore, investigating the induction of cellular senescence upon RT treatment is a critical read out for investigating RT efficacy or combinatorial strategies in cancer research. Senescent cells are characterized by a plethora of markers, including an increased content and activity of lysosomes, which can be detected by the activity of the lysosomal enzyme senescence-associated β-galactosidase. In this chapter, we present a protocol for the gold standard cytochemical method for quantification of the activity of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase in irradiated murine breast cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Norma Bloy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mara De Martino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
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Senescent cells and SASP in cancer microenvironment: New approaches in cancer therapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:115-158. [PMID: 36707199 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence was first described as a state characterized by telomere shortening, resulting in limiting cell proliferation in aging. Apart from this type of senescence, which is called replicative senescence, other senescence types occur after exposure to different stress factors. One of these types of senescence induced after adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) is called therapy-induced senescence. The treatment with chemotherapeutics induces cellular senescence in normal and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Thus therapy-induced senescence in the cancer microenvironment is accepted one of the drivers of tumor progression. Recent studies have revealed that senescence-associated secretory phenotype induction has roles in pathological processes such as inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promoting tumor vascularization. Thus senolytic drugs that specifically kill senescent cells and senomorphic drugs that inhibit the secretory activity of senescent cells are seen as a new approach in cancer treatment. Developing and discovering new senotherapeutic agents targeting senescent cells is also gaining importance. In this review, we attempt to summarize the signaling pathways regarding the metabolism, cell morphology, and organelles of the senescent cell. Furthermore, we also reviewed the effects of SASP in the cancer microenvironment and the senotherapeutics that have the potential to be used as adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.
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Cellular senescence in malignant cells promotes tumor progression in mouse and patient Glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:441. [PMID: 36707509 PMCID: PMC9883514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, yet it remains refractory to systemic therapy. Elimination of senescent cells has emerged as a promising new treatment approach against cancer. Here, we investigated the contribution of senescent cells to GBM progression. Senescent cells are identified in patient and mouse GBMs. Partial removal of p16Ink4a-expressing malignant senescent cells, which make up less than 7 % of the tumor, modifies the tumor ecosystem and improves the survival of GBM-bearing female mice. By combining single cell and bulk RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry and genetic knockdowns, we identify the NRF2 transcription factor as a determinant of the senescent phenotype. Remarkably, our mouse senescent transcriptional signature and underlying mechanisms of senescence are conserved in patient GBMs, in whom higher senescence scores correlate with shorter survival times. These findings suggest that senolytic drug therapy may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy for patients with GBM.
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Finnegan RM, Elshazly AM, Patel NH, Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Tran TH, Kumarasamy V, Knudsen ES, Gewirtz DA. The BET inhibitor/degrader ARV-825 prolongs the growth arrest response to Fulvestrant + Palbociclib and suppresses proliferative recovery in ER-positive breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:966441. [PMID: 36741704 PMCID: PMC9890056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-estrogens or aromatase inhibitors in combination with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are the current standard of care for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) Her-2 negative metastatic breast cancer. Although these combination therapies prolong progression-free survival compared to endocrine therapy alone, the growth-arrested state of residual tumor cells is clearly transient. Tumor cells that escape what might be considered a dormant or quiescent state and regain proliferative capacity often acquire resistance to further therapies. Our studies are based upon the observation that breast tumor cells arrested by Fulvestrant + Palbociclib enter into states of both autophagy and senescence from which a subpopulation ultimately escapes, potentially contributing to recurrent disease. Autophagy inhibition utilizing pharmacologic or genetic approaches only moderately enhanced the response to Fulvestrant + Palbociclib in ER+ MCF-7 breast tumor cells, slightly delaying proliferative recovery. In contrast, the BET inhibitor/degrader, ARV-825, prolonged the growth arrested state in both p53 wild type MCF-7 cells and p53 mutant T-47D cells and significantly delayed proliferative recovery. In addition, ARV-825 added after the Fulvestrant + Palbociclib combination promoted apoptosis and demonstrated efficacy in resistant RB deficient cell lines. These studies indicate that administration of BET inhibitors/degraders, which are currently being investigated in multiple clinical trials, may potentially improve standard of care therapy in metastatic ER+ breast cancer patients and may further prolong progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Finnegan
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nipa H. Patel
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tammy H. Tran
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Vishnu Kumarasamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Erik S. Knudsen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,*Correspondence: David A. Gewirtz,
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Konar G, Flickinger Z, Sharma S, Vallone K, Lyon C, Doshier C, Lyon W, Patton JG. Damage-induced senescent immune cells regulate regeneration of the zebrafish retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.16.524296. [PMID: 36711649 PMCID: PMC9882244 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish spontaneously regenerate their retina in response to damage through the action of Müller glia. Even though Müller glia (MG) are conserved in higher vertebrates, the capacity to regenerate retinal damage is lost. Recent work has focused on the regulation of inflammation during tissue regeneration with precise temporal roles for macrophages and microglia. Senescent cells that have withdrawn from the cell cycle have mostly been implicated in aging, but are still metabolically active, releasing proinflammatory signaling molecules as part of the Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Here, we discover that in response to retinal damage, a subset of cells expressing markers of microglia/macrophages also express markers of senescence. These cells display a temporal pattern of appearance and clearance during retina regeneration. Premature removal of senescent cells by senolytic treatment led to a decrease in proliferation and incomplete repair of the ganglion cell layer after NMDA damage. Our results demonstrate a role for modulation of senescent cell responses to balance inflammation, regeneration, plasticity, and repair as opposed to fibrosis and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Kyle Vallone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Charles Lyon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Claire Doshier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - William Lyon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - James G. Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
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Estepa-Fernández A, García-Fernández A, Lérida-Viso A, Blandez JF, Galiana I, Sancenon-Galarza F, Orzáez M, Martínez-Máñez R. Combination of palbociclib with navitoclax based-therapies enhances in vivo antitumoral activity in triple-negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106628. [PMID: 36566002 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and limited effective therapeutic options. Induction of senescence, arrest of cell proliferation, has been explored as an effective method to limit tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer. However, relapses occur in some patients, possibly as a result of the accumulation of senescent tumor cells in the body after treatment, which promote metastasis. In this study, we explored the combination of senescence induction and the subsequent removal of senescent cells (senolysis) as an alternative approach to improve outcomes in TNBC patients. We demonstrate that a combination treatment, using the senescence-inducer palbociclib and the senolytic agent navitoclax, delays tumor growth and reduces metastases in a mouse xenograft model of aggressive human TNBC (hTNBC). Furthermore, considering the off-target effects and toxicity derived from the use of navitoclax, we propose a strategy aimed at minimizing the associated side effects. We use a galacto-conjugated navitoclax (nav-Gal) as a senolytic prodrug that can preferentially be activated by β-galactosidase overexpressed in senescent cells. Concomitant treatment with palbociclib and nav-Gal in vivo results in the eradication of senescent hTNBC cells with consequent reduction of tumor growth, while reducing the cytotoxicity of navitoclax. Taken together, our results support the efficacy of combination therapy of senescence-induction with senolysis for hTNBC, as well as the development of a targeted approach as an effective and safer therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Estepa-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Araceli Lérida-Viso
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Blandez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Galiana
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenon-Galarza
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
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Saleh T, Khasawneh AI, Himsawi N, Abu-Raideh J, Ejeilat V, Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. Senolytic Therapy: A Potential Approach for the Elimination of Oncogene-Induced Senescent HPV-Positive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415512. [PMID: 36555154 PMCID: PMC9778669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence represents a unique cellular stress response characterized by a stable growth arrest, macromolecular alterations, and wide spectrum changes in gene expression. Classically, senescence is the end-product of progressive telomeric attrition resulting from the repetitive division of somatic cells. In addition, senescent cells accumulate in premalignant lesions, in part, as a product of oncogene hyperactivation, reflecting one element of the tumor suppressive function of senescence. Oncogenic processes that induce senescence include overexpression/hyperactivation of H-Ras, B-Raf, and cyclin E as well as inactivation of PTEN. Oncogenic viruses, such as Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), have also been shown to induce senescence. High-risk strains of HPV drive the immortalization, and hence transformation, of cervical epithelial cells via several mechanisms, but primarily via deregulation of the cell cycle, and possibly, by facilitating escape from senescence. Despite the wide and successful utilization of HPV vaccines in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer, this measure is not effective in preventing cancer development in individuals already positive for HPV. Accordingly, in this commentary, we focus on the potential contribution of oncogene and HPV-induced senescence (OIS) in cervical cancer. We further consider the potential utility of senolytic agents for the elimination of HPV-harboring senescent cells as a strategy for reducing HPV-driven transformation and the risk of cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Ashraf I. Khasawneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Himsawi
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Jumana Abu-Raideh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Vera Ejeilat
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (D.A.G.)
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Shahbandi A, Chiu FY, Ungerleider NA, Kvadas R, Mheidly Z, Sun MJS, Tian D, Waizman DA, Anderson AY, Machado HL, Pursell ZF, Rao SG, Jackson JG. Breast cancer cells survive chemotherapy by activating targetable immune-modulatory programs characterized by PD-L1 or CD80. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1513-1533. [PMID: 36482233 PMCID: PMC9923777 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells must avoid intrinsic and extrinsic cell death to relapse following chemotherapy. Entering senescence enables survival from mitotic catastrophe, apoptosis and nutrient deprivation, but mechanisms of immune evasion are poorly understood. Here we show that breast tumors surviving chemotherapy activate complex programs of immune modulation. Characterization of residual disease revealed distinct tumor cell populations. The first population was characterized by interferon response genes, typified by Cd274, whose expression required chemotherapy to enhance chromatin accessibility, enabling recruitment of IRF1 transcription factor. A second population was characterized by p53 signaling, typified by CD80 expression. Treating mammary tumors with chemotherapy followed by targeting the PD-L1 and/or CD80 axes resulted in marked accumulation of T cells and improved response; however, even combination strategies failed to fully eradicate tumors in the majority of cases. Our findings reveal the challenge of eliminating residual disease populated by senescent cells expressing redundant immune inhibitory pathways and highlight the need for rational immune targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fang-Yen Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nathan A Ungerleider
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Raegan Kvadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zeinab Mheidly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meijuan J S Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel A Waizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ashlyn Y Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Heather L Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zachary F Pursell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sonia G Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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40
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Chibaya L, Snyder J, Ruscetti M. Senescence and the tumor-immune landscape: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:827-845. [PMID: 35143990 PMCID: PMC9357237 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies, including conventional chemotherapy, radiation, and molecularly targeted agents, can lead to tumor eradication through a variety of mechanisms. In addition to their effects on tumor cell growth and survival, these regimens can also influence the surrounding tumor-immune microenvironment in ways that ultimately impact therapy responses. A unique biological outcome of cancer therapy is induction of cellular senescence. Senescence is a damage-induced stress program that leads to both the durable arrest of tumor cells and remodeling the tumor-immune microenvironment through activation of a collection pleiotropic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Depending on the cancer context and the mechanism of action of the therapy, the SASP produced following therapy-induced senescence (TIS) can promote anti-tumor immunity that enhances therapeutic efficacy, or alternatively chronic inflammation that leads to therapy failure and tumor relapse. Thus, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating the SASP and components necessary for robust anti-tumor immune surveillance in different cancer and therapy contexts are key to harnessing senescence for tumor control. Here we draw a roadmap to modulate TIS and its immune-stimulating features for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretah Chibaya
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jarin Snyder
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marcus Ruscetti
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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41
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Bousset L, Gil J. Targeting senescence as an anticancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3855-3880. [PMID: 36065138 PMCID: PMC9627790 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response elicited by different molecular insults. Senescence results in cell cycle exit and is characterised by multiple phenotypic changes such as the production of a bioactive secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during ageing and are present in cancerous and fibrotic lesions. Drugs that selectively kill senescent cells (senolytics) have shown great promise for the treatment of age-related diseases. Senescence plays paradoxical roles in cancer. Induction of senescence limits cancer progression and contributes to therapy success, but lingering senescent cells fuel progression, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the intricate relation between senescence and cancer. Moreover, we enumerate how current anticancer therapies induce senescence in tumour cells and how senolytic agents could be deployed to complement anticancer therapies. "One-two punch" therapies aim to first induce senescence in the tumour followed by senolytic treatment to target newly exposed vulnerabilities in senescent tumour cells. "One-two punch" represents an emerging and promising new strategy in cancer treatment. Future challenges of "one-two punch" approaches include how to best monitor senescence in cancer patients to effectively survey their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
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42
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Liu H, Zhao H, Sun Y. Tumor microenvironment and cellular senescence: Understanding therapeutic resistance and harnessing strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:769-781. [PMID: 34799201 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major contributor to cancer malignancy including development of therapeutic resistance, a process mediated in part through intercellular crosstalk. Besides diverse soluble factors responsible for pro-survival pathway activation, immune evasion and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling further promote cancer resistance. Importantly, therapy-induced senescence (TIS) of cells in the TME is frequently observed in anticancer regimens, an off-target effect that can generate profound impacts on disease progression. By conferring the resistance and fueling the repopulation of remaining cancerous cells, TIS is responsible for tumor relapse and distant metastasis in posttreatment stage. This pathological trajectory can be substantially driven by the pro-inflammatory feature of senescent cells, termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Targeting strategies to selectively and efficiently remove senescent cells before they exert non-autonomous but largely deleterious effects, are emerging as an effective solution to prevent drug resistance acquired from a treatment-remodeled TME. In this review, we summarize the TME composition and key activities that affect tissue homeostasis and support treatment resistance. Promising opportunities that allow TME-manipulation and senescent cell-targeting (senotherapy) are discussed, with translational pipelines to overcome therapeutic barriers in clinical oncology projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Can 3D bioprinting solve the mystery of senescence in cancer therapy? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101732. [PMID: 36100069 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor dormancy leading to cancer relapse is still a poorly understood mechanism. Several cell states such as quiescence and diapause can explain the persistence of tumor cells in a dormant state, but the potential role of tumor cell senescence has been met with hesitance given the historical understanding of the senescent growth arrest as irreversible. However, recent evidence has suggested that senescence might contribute to dormancy and relapse, although its exact role is not fully developed. This limited understanding is largely due to the paucity of reliable study models. The current 2D cell modeling is overly simplistic and lacks the appropriate representation of the interactions between tumor cells (senescent or non-senescent) and the other cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as with the extracellular matrix (ECM). 3D cell culture models, including 3D bioprinting techniques, offer a promising approach to better recapitulate the native cancer microenvironment and would significantly improve our understanding of cancer biology and cellular response to treatment, particularly Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS), and its contribution to tumor dormancy and cancer recurrence. Fabricating a novel 3D bioprinted model offers excellent opportunities to investigate both the role of TIS in tumor dormancy and the utility of senolytics (drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells) in targeting dormant cancer cells and mitigating the risk for resurgence. In this review, we discuss literature on the possible contribution of TIS in tumor dormancy, provide examples on the current 3D models of senescence, and propose a novel 3D model to investigate the ultimate role of TIS in mediating overall response to therapy.
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Frey WD, Anderson AY, Lee H, Nguyen JB, Cowles EL, Lu H, Jackson JG. Phosphoinositide species and filamentous actin formation mediate engulfment by senescent tumor cells. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001858. [PMID: 36279312 PMCID: PMC9632905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells survive chemotherapy and cause lethal relapse by entering a senescent state that facilitates expression of many phagocytosis/macrophage-related genes that engender a novel cannibalism phenotype. We used biosensors and live-cell imaging to reveal the basic steps and mechanisms of engulfment by senescent human and mouse tumor cells. We show filamentous actin in predator cells was localized to the prey cell throughout the process of engulfment. Biosensors to various phosphoinositide (PI) species revealed increased concentration and distinct localization of predator PI(4) P and PI(4,5)P2 at the prey cell during early stages of engulfment, followed by a transient burst of PI(3) P before and following internalization. PIK3C2B, the kinase responsible for generating PI(3)P, was required for complete engulfment. Inhibition or knockdown of Clathrin, known to associate with PIK3C2B and PI(4,5)P2, severely impaired engulfment. In sum, our data reveal the most fundamental cellular processes of senescent cell engulfment, including the precise localizations and dynamics of actin and PI species throughout the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley D. Frey
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn Y. Anderson
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Julie B. Nguyen
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Cowles
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hua Lu
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James G. Jackson
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Llop-Hernández À, Verdura S, Cuyàs E, Menendez JA. Nutritional Niches of Cancer Therapy-Induced Senescent Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173636. [PMID: 36079891 PMCID: PMC9460569 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a state of stable proliferative arrest of both normal and neoplastic cells that is triggered by exposure to anticancer treatments. TIS cells acquire a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is pro-inflammatory and actively promotes tumor relapse and adverse side-effects in patients. Here, we hypothesized that TIS cells adapt their scavenging and catabolic ability to overcome the nutritional constraints in their microenvironmental niches. We used a panel of mechanistically-diverse TIS triggers (i.e., bleomycin, doxorubicin, alisertib, and palbociclib) and Biolog Phenotype MicroArrays to identify (among 190 different carbon and nitrogen sources) candidate metabolites that support the survival of TIS cells in limiting nutrient conditions. We provide evidence of distinguishable TIS-associated nutrient consumption profiles involving a core set of shared (e.g., glutamine) and unique (e.g., glucose-1-phosphate, inosine, and uridine) nutritional sources after diverse senescence-inducing interventions. We also observed a trend for an inverse correlation between the intensity of the pro-inflammatory SASP provoked by different TIS agents and diversity of compensatory nutritional niches utilizable by senescent cells. These findings support the detailed exploration of the nutritional niche as a new metabolic dimension to understand and target TIS in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Verdura
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17005 Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17005 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); or (J.A.M.)
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17005 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); or (J.A.M.)
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L'Hôte V, Mann C, Thuret JY. From the divergence of senescent cell fates to mechanisms and selectivity of senolytic drugs. Open Biol 2022; 12:220171. [PMID: 36128715 PMCID: PMC9490338 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular stress response that involves prolonged cell survival, a quasi-irreversible proliferative arrest and a modification of the transcriptome that sometimes includes inflammatory gene expression. Senescent cells are resistant to apoptosis, and if not eliminated by the immune system they may accumulate and lead to chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. Senolytics are drugs that selectively induce cell death in senescent cells, but not in proliferative or quiescent cells, and they have proved a viable therapeutic approach in multiple mouse models of pathologies in which senescence is implicated. As the catalogue of senolytic compounds is expanding, novel survival strategies of senescent cells are uncovered, and variations in sensitivity to senolysis between different types of senescent cells emerge. We propose herein a mechanistic classification of senolytic drugs, based on the level at which they target senescent cells: directly disrupting BH3 protein networks that are reorganized upon senescence induction; downregulating survival-associated pathways essential to senescent cells; or modulating homeostatic processes whose regulation is challenged in senescence. With this approach, we highlight the important diversity of senescent cells in terms of physiology and pathways of apoptosis suppression, and we describe possible avenues for the development of more selective senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin L'Hôte
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Carl Mann
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thuret
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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47
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Schmitt CA, Wang B, Demaria M. Senescence and cancer - role and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:619-636. [PMID: 36045302 PMCID: PMC9428886 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable, terminal cell cycle arrest associated with various macromolecular changes and a hypersecretory, pro-inflammatory phenotype. Entry of cells into senescence can act as a barrier to tumorigenesis and, thus, could in principle constitute a desired outcome for any anticancer therapy. Paradoxically, studies published in the past decade have demonstrated that, in certain conditions and contexts, malignant and non-malignant cells with lastingly persistent senescence can acquire pro-tumorigenic properties. In this Review, we first discuss the major mechanisms involved in the antitumorigenic functions of senescent cells and then consider the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that participate in their switch towards a tumour-promoting role, providing an overview of major translational and emerging clinical findings. Finally, we comprehensively describe various senolytic and senomorphic therapies and their potential to benefit patients with cancer. The entry of cells into senescence can act as a barrier to tumorigenesis; however, in certain contexts senescent malignant and non-malignant cells can acquire pro-tumorigenic properties. The authors of this Review discuss the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms involved in both the antitumorigenic and tumour-promoting roles of senescent cells, and describe the potential of various senolytic and senomorphic therapeutic approaches in oncology. Cellular senescence is a natural barrier to tumorigenesis; senescent cells are widely detected in premalignant lesions from patients with cancer. Cellular senescence is induced by anticancer therapy and can contribute to some treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Senescent cells exert both protumorigenic and antitumorigenic effects via cell-autonomous and paracrine mechanisms. Pharmacological modulation of senescence-associated phenotypes has the potential to improve therapy efficacy and reduce the incidence of TRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum-MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Linz, Austria.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Koyanagi A, Kotani H, Iida Y, Tanino R, Kartika ID, Kishimoto K, Harada M. Protective roles of cytoplasmic
p21
Cip1
/Waf1
in senolysis and ferroptosis of lung cancer cells. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13326. [DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Koyanagi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Shimane Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Tatikawa General Hospital Niigata Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Shimane Japan
| | - Yuichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Shimane Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tanino
- Division of Medical Oncology & Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Shimane Japan
| | - Irna D. Kartika
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Shimane Japan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Muslim Indonesia Sulawesi Indonesia
| | - Koji Kishimoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Tatikawa General Hospital Niigata Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Shimane Japan
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Abdelgawad IY, Agostinucci K, Ismail SG, Grant MKO, Zordoky BN. EA.hy926 Cells and HUVECs Share Similar Senescence Phenotypes but Respond Differently to the Senolytic Drug ABT-263. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131992. [PMID: 35805077 PMCID: PMC9266052 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) induces endothelial cell (EC) senescence, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Senolytic drugs selectively eliminate senescent cells to ameliorate senescence-mediated pathologies. Previous studies have demonstrated differences between immortalized and primary EC models in some characteristics. However, the response of DOX-induced senescent ECs to senolytics has not been determined across these two models. In the present work, we first established a comparative characterization of DOX-induced senescence phenotypes in immortalized EA.hy926 endothelial-derived cells and primary human umbilical vein EC (HUVECs). Thereafter, we evaluated the senolytic activity of four senolytics across both ECs. Following the DOX treatment, both EA.hy926 and HUVECs shared similar senescence phenotypes characterized by upregulated senescence markers, increased SA-β-gal activity, cell cycle arrest, and elevated expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The potentially senolytic drugs dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin demonstrated a lack of selectivity against DOX-induced senescent EA.hy926 cells and HUVECs. However, ABT-263 (Navitoclax) selectively induced the apoptosis of DOX-induced senescent HUVECs but not EA.hy926 cells. Mechanistically, DOX-treated EA.hy926 cells and HUVECs demonstrated differential expression levels of the BCL-2 family proteins. In conclusion, both EA.hy926 cells and HUVECs demonstrate similar DOX-induced senescence phenotypes but they respond differently to ABT-263, presumably due to the different expression levels of BCL-2 family proteins.
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50
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Telomere Maintenance and the cGAS-STING Pathway in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121958. [PMID: 35741087 PMCID: PMC9221635 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit the unique characteristics of high proliferation and aberrant DNA damage response, which prevents cancer therapy from effectively eliminating them. The machinery required for telomere maintenance, such as telomerase and the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), enables cancer cells to proliferate indefinitely. In addition, the molecules in this system are involved in noncanonical pro-tumorigenic functions. Of these, the function of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which contains telomere-related molecules, is a well-known contributor to the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of telomerase and ALT in cancer regulation, with emphasis on their noncanonical roles beyond telomere maintenance. The components of the cGAS-STING pathway are summarized with respect to intercell communication in the TME. Elucidating the underlying functional connection between telomere-related molecules and TME regulation is important for the development of cancer therapeutics that target cancer-specific pathways in different contexts. Finally, strategies for designing new cancer therapies that target cancer cells and the TME are discussed.
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