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Bedrosova M, Kvardova N, Machackova H. Bystanders' Victim Blaming and Minimizing Consequences of Weight-Based Cyberhate Attacks: The Roles of anti-Fat Attitudes, Body-Positive Online Content, and Gender. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6915-6941. [PMID: 36541163 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221140037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical appearance and, specifically, weight are common reasons for cyberhate attacks among adolescents. Using a between-subject experimental design, this study focuses on the bystanders of such attacks on Instagram. We investigate bystanders' assessments in the form of two moral disengagement (MD) mechanisms-victim blaming and minimizing consequences-and we compare the assessments of attacks that are diversified by the victim's weight (i.e., a victim who is plus-size and a victim who is thinner). We also examine the moderating roles of bystanders' prejudice against people who are plus-size in the form of the so-called anti-fat attitudes, their frequency of viewing body-positive online content, and gender. The study's data come from an online survey conducted in 2020 with a representative sample of 658 Czech adolescents, aged 13-18. We tested our hypotheses with structural equation modeling. The results show that the two MD mechanisms work differently. The victim's displayed weight affected the bystanders' tendency to victim blame: adolescents blamed the victim who is plus-size more than the victim who is thinner, but the victim's weight made no difference in minimizing the consequences of the incident. A moderating effect for anti-fat attitudes and gender was found for victim blaming. Bystanders with higher anti-fat attitudes and boys blamed the victim who is plus-size more than the victim who is thinner. On the other hand, there was no effect for the frequency of viewing body-positive online content for either of the MD mechanisms. The results are discussed with regard to the differences between the two mechanisms and the practical implications for educational and prevention programs for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bedrosova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Nikol Kvardova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Machackova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
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Feng T, Wang X, Chen Q, Liu X, Yang L, Liu S, Zhang Y. Sympathy and active defending behaviors among Chinese adolescent bystanders: A moderated mediation model of attitude toward bullying and school connectedness. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Qiuxu Chen
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Xingchang Liu
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Simeng Liu
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Educational Informatization Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
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Zhao Q, Li C. Victimized adolescents' aggression in cliques with different victimization norms: The healthy context paradox or the peer contagion hypothesis? J Sch Psychol 2022; 92:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Eijigu TD, Teketel SZ. Bullying in schools: prevalence, bystanders' reaction and associations with sex and relationships. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:183. [PMID: 34809721 PMCID: PMC8607579 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bullying and peer victimization are the most pressing social problems affecting the wellbeing of children and adolescents. This study attempts to estimate the prevalence and examine the association of bystander’s sex, her/his relationship with the victim and with the bully, and bystander’s reaction to school bullying in East Gojjam Administrative Zone, Ethiopia. Methods This study followed an explanatory mixed-method study design. For the quantitative phase, 612 participants were selected using multistage cluster sampling techniques and for qualitative phase, 18 participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. We used self-reported questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to collect data from students attending grades 7, 8, 9, and 10. Results This study revealed that 55% of bystanders remained passive while 38% of them defended the victim upon witnessing bullying incidents. Pearson Chi-Square test for independence indicated a significant association between bystanders’ relationship with the victim and/or bully, and bystanders’ reaction. In contrast, sex has no significant association with bystanders’ reaction. The semi-structured interview data also suggested that large number of bystanders most often stood by passively while some of them defended the victim. Conclusion The practice of defending among students attending their education in governmental primary and secondary schools in East Gojjam Administrative Zone was low. Close social relationships (being close friends, relatives, and classmates) with the victim and bully were significantly associated with the practice of defending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Demissie Eijigu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Educational and Behavioral Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
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Mauduy M, Bagneux V, Sénémeaud C. Unmasking School Bullying Witnesses: Five Different Psychological Profiles Related to Intention to Defend Victims. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2021.1978272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effects of theft stereotype on bystander recall, interpretation, and punishment for male and female juvenile thieves. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li C, Zhao Q, Dai W, Zhang Y. Victims Become Covert Aggressors: Gender Differences in the Mediating Effects of Rumination on Anger and Sadness. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:441-456. [PMID: 33830888 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1901254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the link between peer victimization and relational aggression by testing the mediating roles of sadness and anger rumination, with attention to gender differences, among Chinese adolescents. Survey measures were administrated to 2,152 junior middle school students at two time points, one year apart. The results found that self-reported peer victimization (but not peer-nominated victimization) positively predicted relational aggression one year later, and this link was completely mediated by sadness and anger rumination. Specifically, perceived peer victimization exerted a positive influence on both sadness and anger rumination, thereby increasing adolescents' tendency to exhibit relational aggression one year later. Furthermore, victimized boys' elevated relational aggression was predominantly accounted for by their high sadness rumination, whereas victimized girls' elevated relational aggression was mainly due to their great anger rumination. Such a gender-difference suggests that interventions to reduce adolescents' externalizing problems may be most effective when tailored to each gender specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caina Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University Branch of Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University
| | - Qingling Zhao
- Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University Branch of Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University
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Jungert T, Holm K, Iotti NO, Longobardi C. Profiles of bystanders' motivation to defend school bully victims from a self-determination perspective. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:78-88. [PMID: 32864781 PMCID: PMC7754345 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring which latent profiles emerge based on ratings of self‐determined motivation to defend victims of bullying, and to explore if they are related to bystander roles and victimization in bullying, as well as student–teacher relations. Data were collected from 1,800 Swedish and Italian students, with an age range between 10 and 18 years (M = 12.6, standard deviation = 1.74). The students completed a survey in their classrooms. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the possible clusters of individuals with similar ratings on the motivational variables. Multivariate analysis of variances were conducted to explore differences between the profiles in relation to their roles when witnessing bullying and to student–teacher relationships. Four latent profiles emerged. The profiles represented respondents (a) high in prosocial motivation, (b) high in externally extrinsic motivation, (c) intermediate in externally extrinsic motivation, and (d) with identified/introjected motivation. Multivariate analyses showed that reports of bystander roles when witnessing bullying, teacher–student relationships, and bullying victimization, significantly differed over the motivational profiles. The bystanders were unevenly distributed across the four groups and most individuals were categorized in the prosocial motivation group. Female and male bystanders were evenly distributed across clusters. The prosocial motivation group experienced victimization to a lesser extent than the other profile groups. Students in the intermediate externally extrinsic group were more likely to take the pro‐bully and outsider role during bullying. Concerning student–teacher relationships, the prosocial motivation group reported the closest relationships with their teachers, while the intermediate externally extrinsic group reported the most conflictual relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jungert
- Department of Psychology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Psychology Turin University Turin Italy
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Liu TL, Wang PW, Yang YHC, Shyi GCW, Yen CF. Association between Facial Emotion Recognition and Bullying Involvement among Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245125. [PMID: 31847476 PMCID: PMC6950635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interaction, communication and restricted and repetitive behavior. Few studies have focused on the effect of facial emotion recognition on bullying involvement among individuals with ASD. The aim of this study was to examine the association between facial emotion recognition and different types of bullying involvement in adolescents with high-functioning ASD. We recruited 138 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with high-functioning ASD. The adolescents’ experiences of bullying involvement were measured using the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire. Their facial emotion recognition was measured using the Facial Emotion Recognition Task (which measures six emotional expressions and four degrees of emotional intensity). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between facial emotion recognition and different types of bullying involvement. After controlling for the effects of age, gender, depression, anxiety, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and opposition, we observed that bullying perpetrators performed significantly better on rating the intensity of emotion in the Facial Emotion Recognition Task; bullying victims performed significantly worse on ranking the intensity of facial emotion. The results of this study support the different deficits of facial emotion recognition in various types of bullying involvement among adolescents with high-functioning ASD. The different directions of association between bully involvement and facial emotion recognition must be considered when developing prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ling Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (P.-W.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (P.-W.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Connie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Gary Chon-Wen Shyi
- Department of Psychology and Center for Research in Cognitive Sciences, National Chung-Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (G.C.-W.S.); (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (P.-W.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (G.C.-W.S.); (C.-F.Y.)
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Effects of cognitive schemas on children's testimony for a simulated juvenile crime. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bullying Victimization Heightens Cortisol Response to Psychosocial Stress in Chinese Children. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:1051-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lambe LJ, Hudson CC, Craig WM, Pepler DJ. Does defending come with a cost? Examining the psychosocial correlates of defending behaviour among bystanders of bullying in a Canadian sample. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 65:112-123. [PMID: 28131946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is a form of interpersonal trauma that impacts all parties involved, including the youth who witness the bullying. Some bystanders choose to intervene and defend the child being bullied. Defending may be positively associated with psychosocial difficulties because youth are becoming more involved in a traumatic event, or because youth may be actively coping with the distress elicited from witnessing bullying; however, the link between defending and psychosocial difficulties has not yet been examined. The current study investigated the age-related differences and psychosocial difficulties associated with defending behaviour in school bullying. Data were collected from 5071 Canadian youth from Grades 4-12. Participants completed an online survey at school, which assessed demographic information, recent defending behaviour, location and frequency of witnessing bullying, and psychosocial difficulties (internalizing, anger, psychosomatic, academic, and relationship difficulties). A subsample of 1443 pure bystanders (no current bullying involvement) was used for regression analyses. Defending behaviour was more common among girls and among younger students. For boys, defending behaviour was associated with more psychosocial difficulties compared to boys who only witnessed the bullying. This relationship was less consistent for girls. Defending behaviour was also associated with more psychosocial difficulties at high levels of bullying exposure. These associations suggest that defending may come at a cost for youth, or that youth are defending their peers to cope with negative emotions associated with witnessing interpersonal trauma. More longitudinal research is needed to clarify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Lambe
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Chloe C Hudson
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy M Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Debra J Pepler
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Connell NM, Morris RG, Piquero AR. Predicting Bullying: Exploring the Contributions of Childhood Negative Life Experiences in Predicting Adolescent Bullying Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2016; 60:1082-1096. [PMID: 25759430 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x15573760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been much interest in research on aggression and in particular bullying, a relatively less charted area of research has centered on articulating a better understanding of the mechanisms and processes by which persons are at increased risk for bullying. Furthermore, those studies that have investigated the linkages between childhood experiences and bullying perpetration have been limited with respect to definitional and operational issues, reliance on cross-sectional data, and the lack of assessing competing explanations of bullying perpetration. Using five waves of data from a community-based longitudinal sample of children followed through age 18 (N = 763), the current study examines the extent to which childhood negative life events in a variety of domains predict adolescent bullying. Results show that early childhood experiences, particularly those within the family and school domains, may alter life trajectories and can act as predictors for later adolescent bullying, thereby underscoring the potential importance that relatively minor experiences can have over the long term. Implications for future research based on these analyses are examined.
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Defenders of victims of peer aggression: Interdependence theory and an exploration of individual, interpersonal, and contextual effects on the defender participant role. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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The Effects of Self-Control and Social Support on Bullying Victimization and Perpetration among Early Adolescents. ADONGHAKOEJI 2015. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2015.36.5.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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